THREE PHASES ON GRID HYBRID SYSTEM
1MONICA CHARKAVARTI,2AMIT GUPTA
1,2 Department Of Electrical And Electronics Engg, GGCT, Jabalpur
ABSTRACT: This paper present the three phase on grid hybrid system.
World energy consumption is increasing day by day .Growing scarcity and rising prices of fossil fuels may lead to economic instability. Continuously increasing energy consumption will overload the distribution grids as well as the power stations, therefore having a negative impact on power availability, security and quality. The photovoltaic system and fuel cell system is green and renewable source of energy; it can enhance the operation of distribution system by improving the voltage profile and by reducing the energy losses of distribution feeders. The simulation diagrams of 430 volt grid connected photovoltaic and fuel cell system are carried out in MATLAB (R2013A) / Simulink environment to evaluate the performance of grid connected system.
Keyword: Photovoltaic system; Fuel Cell distribution system; power quality;
voltage source inverters
INTRODUCTION:
In the current global energy scenario, importance of power generation from renewable energy sources is increasing day by day.
In India sector wise consumption of Electrical Energy (utilities) during 2011-2012 in percentage was 22 in Domestic, 17 in Agriculture , 45 in Industry, 9 in Commercial,2 in Traction and railways, 5 in others. By 2013 total installed capacity of electrical power in India is 2, 25,793.10 MW,
in which state sector is contributing 89,092.12 MW, central sector 65,612.94 MW and private sector 71,088.04 MW. Fuel wise power generation capacity varies as Total Thermal power is 153,847.99 MW in which Coal is 132, 288, 39MW,Gas is 20,359.85MW and Oil is 1,199.75MW, Hydro(Renewable) is 39,623.40MW, Nuclear is 4,780.00MW and renewable energy sources is 27,541.71MW.[2]
Fig.1.Sector wise consumption of Electrical Energy (utilities) during
2011-2012
The major power generation is due to fossil fuels but the availability these fuels are limited and various environmental hazards associated with traditional power generation methods. Out of the various grids connected renewable energy systems, solar photo-voltaic energy systems are most popular. The solar radiation falling on earth surface is about 90 PW or 90x1012 Watt; hence a small area use on earth surface can fulfil our electricity requirements. Energy supplied by the sun in one hour is equal to the amount of energy required by the human in one year. Solar power is available during the whole day but the solar irradiance levels change because of the changes in the sun’s intensity and shadows caused by many reasons.[1]
In this paper IGBT based boost converter for solar photovoltaic system is used to get required output voltage constantly and converter’s firing pulses are generated by INC MPPT technique.
A lot of MPPT algorithms have been used developed by researchers and industry delegates all over the world. They are perturbation and observation methods, incremental conductance method, hill climbing method, fractional short circuit current method, open circuit voltage method, beta method and so on.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE:
Fig.2. Block diagram of proposed architecture
FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The fuel cell is an important technology for new mobile
applications and power grid distribution systems. For power distribution, fuel cell system requires a grid interconnection converter to supply power to the power grid. A grid interconnection converter using an isolation transformer is preferable for power grid distribution systems in terms of surge protection and noise reduction. In addition, size reduction and high efficiency are essential requirements. One of the problems in the fuel cell system is that the lifetime is decreased by the ripple current.
Therefore, in order to extend the lifetime, the fuel cell ripple current must be reduced in the grid interconnection converter.
However, when a single-phase pulse width-modulated (PWM) inverter is used for grid connection system, the power ripple is twice the frequency of the power grid. Fuel cells offer numerous advantages over conventional power plants to help them achieve that goal and widespread adoption, such as:
High efficiency, even at part-load Few moving parts resulting in
quiet operation, higher reliability, lower maintenance and longer operating life
Fuel diversity
Zero or low emission of greenhouse gases
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) capability, without the need for additional systems (i.e., low temperature fuel cells can provide district heating while high temperature fuel cells can provide high-quality industrial steam)
Flexible, modular structure
Increased energy security by reducing reliance on large central power plants and oil imports
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources that have been gaining increased attention in recent years. Solar energy is abundant; it has the utmost accessibility compared to other energy sources. The amount of energy supplied to the earth in one day by the sun is sufficient to power the total energy needs of the earth for one year. Solar energy is
it does not produce pollutants or by-products harmful to nature.
The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy has many application fields.Solar to electrical energy conversion can be done in two ways: solar thermal and solar photovoltaic. Solar thermal is similar to conventional AC electricity generation by steam turbine excepting that instead of fossil fuel; heat extracted from concentrated solar ray is used to produce steam and apart is stored in thermally insulated tanks for using during intermittency of sunshine or night time. Solar photovoltaic use cells made of silicon or certain types of semiconductor materials which convert the light energy absorbed from incident sunshine into DC electricity. To make up for intermittency and night time storage of the generated electricity into battery is needed.
DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER: A boost converter is a dc to dc voltage converter with an output dc voltage greater than input dc voltage. It is also known as Step- up converter. This is an SMPS
containing at least two semiconductor switches (a diode which act as freewheeling diode two ensure a path of the current during the off state of other switch and a transistor connecting in series of the source voltage). Filters made of capacitor and inductor is used to reduce the ripple in voltage and current respectively, is used at the output stage of the converter.
The basic operating principle of the converter consists of the two distinct states.
In on state, switch is closed, resulting in an increase in the inductor current.
In off state, switch is open, resulting in decrease in the inductor current.
An IGBT based boost converter is used to increase the voltage level of 10 KV dc of solar panel to 11 KV dc. Its firing pulses are generated by P & O MPPT technique.
Fig.3. Ideal Boost converter circuit
RESULT AND SIMULATION:
The Grid connected hybrid system is implemented on MATLAB 2013 software. Different output results are analyzed like voltage, current and THD. Figure 4 shows the simulation model of grid connected hybrid system. In this simulation model we simulate solar pv and fuel cell as a hybrid system with grid connected.
Fig 4 Simulink model of proposed system
The figure 5 shows the power regulated system. In this power regulated system the current controller mainly used for getting triggering pulse as per the reference value. Here we take the inverter output current and using by MATLAB software converts the current into direct axis and quadrature axis current. This two currents and current given by power controller outputs compared
and using PI controller we get the pulse.
Fig 5 simulink model of power regulator
Figure 6 shows the dc to dc boost converter. In this converter the input dc voltage which are generated by solar panels and fuel cell are boosted by booster circuit.
Fig 6 simulink model of DC to DC boost converter
Fig 7 simulink model of fuel cell
Fig 8 fuel cell model
Figure 7 and 8 are shows the internal structure of fuel cell and the complete model of fuel cell. The Fuel cell is a static device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity with by-product as water and heat. The output dc lower voltage is feed to dc to dc converter and converter is boosted up the voltage level.
Fig 9 simulink model of solar PV Figure 9 shows the internal model of solar connection. The input of the solar panel are irradiation and temperature feed 1000 m/s2 and 25 *c respectively.
Fig 10 simulink model of grid system
Fig 11 output waveform of current The figure 11 and 12 shows thw output waveform of the current and current and voltage respectively. The 5 amp current flow through circuit and 400 volt is mantained throughtout the time.
The output of the system is relaible and proper qulaity.
Fig 12 output waveform of current and voltage
Fig 13 active and reactive power The figure 13 and 14 shows the
active and reactive power.
CONCLUSION: A
MATLAB/Simulink model for the solar PV cell module and fuel cell was developed. This model is based on the fundamental circuit equations of a solar PV cell taking into account the effects of physical and environmental parameters such as the solar radiation and cell temperature and fuel cell is designed as per slandered parameter. The module model was simulated in MATLAB 2013a.The models of solar panels and fuel cell with dc to dc booster circuit has been design in simulink. Three main tasks of the proposed power conditioning system (PCS) are DC link voltage regulation, power flow control and power quality improvement. Correspondingly, PCS is composed of DC/DC
modelling process and stability analysis of each part are presented in this thesis. This dissertation focuses on load/grid connected fuel cell power system (FCPS) which can be used as a backup power source for household and commercial units. This backup power source will be efficient and will provide energy at an affordable per unit cost. Load/grid connected with solar PV and fuel cell power system mainly comprises of a fuel cell module and solar modules.
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