VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 59
PREFERENCE OF PLACE TO SALE CASH CROPS IN NEEMUCH DISTRICT Dr. Ruchi Mantri
Assistant Professor, IPS, IBMR Indore Dr. Prachi Rathi
Assistant Professor, Annie Besant College Indore
Abstract: - An attempt has been made in this study to analysis the Preference of Place to Sale cash crops (soybean, groundnut, isabgol, garlic) in three blocks of Neemuch district.
The most important aspect of marketing of cash crops is place of sales of cash crop.
Whenever farmers select place for sale of their crops, they keep so many things in mind like which place is near by the village, which place is offering better prices, where they can get better market information, where they can get better facility of transportation, storage, and finance, where they can get prompt payment etc.
Keywords: cash crops (soybean, groundnut, isabgol, garlic), preferences, places, Krishi Upaj Mandi.
1 INTRODUCTION
Marketing of agricultural products tends to be typical process of agriculture marketing. The marketing process for agricultural products includes accurate and complex marketing organizations in view of growth of the distance between the agricultural producers and the middle, small size and massive scatter with the consumer Production units. Agricultural marketing problems Spring from their condition of production and nature of demand. There is some preparation and processing requirements in the flow of agriculture produce from the farm to the market. The market system also needs to provide transportation and storage facilities and also risk bearing and finance facilities. Farm sector is characterized by great differences in the quality and output of production from year to year and between seasons of agricultural products. The agriculture produce shows more weight and volume in comparison to manufactured goods. Agricultural products are perishable and cannot be stored for a long time. Always there is time lag before adjustment of supply according to demand. Prices of farm produce are very fluctuating. Cash crop surplus can be sold by cash crop producers to the closest assembling market or to the local dealers at their own farmhouse. Dealers may be wholesaler’s agent, merchant of village, sometimes they may be agents of crushing mills. The crushing concerns are very important for those areas where there are no regulated markets. The Milling units collect the cash crops from the villages with the help of their own agent. Village Traders continue money lending trade by advancing little amount to the producers either in form of cash or in kind that farmer would give the crops to them only. There are some factors on the basis of which cash crop cultivators sell their produce at the village or take it to the market. Those factors are related with the distance from the market, quantity of production, transport facilities, urgent need for cash, charges of market, prices at the village etc. The markets for cash crops are classified into three groups like; primary, secondary and terminal market. Weekly markets are also known as primary market which is basically periodical market. Terminal markets are those markets which provides permanent place for daily trading with some facilities for the buyers and sellers that market is called mandi the terminal markets are those urban markets which take stock from manufacturing centers and also from important markets.
Marketing channels are the ways in which agricultural products are passed from producers to consumers. The length of the channel varies from commodity to commodity, depending on the quantity to be transported, the form of consumer demand and the degree of regional specialization in production. Marketing Channel can be defined in different ways according to Moore in a chain of intermediaries through which various food grains pass from producers to consumers who make up their marketing channels. According to Moore et al. “The chain of intermediaries through whom the various food grains pass from producers to consumers constitutes their marketing channels”. Kohls and Uh/2 have defined marketing channels as alternative routes of product flows from producers to consumers”.
1.1 Objectives of the study:
To know the preference for place to sale the cash crops in Neemuch District.
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 60 1.2 Hypothesis of the study:
1. H01: There is no significant difference between preferences for place to sale soybean in three blocks of Neemuch district
2. H11: There is significant difference between preferences for place to sale soybean in three blocks of Neemuch district.
3. H02: There is no significant difference between preferences for place to sale groundnut in three blocks of Neemuch district
4. H12: There is significant difference between preferences for place to sale groundnut in three blocks of Neemuch district.
5. H03: There is no significant difference between preferences for place to sale isabgol in three blocks of Neemuch district.
6. H13: There is significant difference between preferences for place to sale isabgol in three blocks of Neemuch district.
7. H05: There is no significant difference between preferences for place to sale garlic in three blocks of Neemuch district.
8. H15: There is no significant difference between preferences for place to sale garlic in three blocks of Neemuch district.
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
2.1 Method of Data Collection
This study stands on strength of primary data. 400 farmers were selected out of entire population of farmers of three blocks of Neemuch district out of which 390 responses were collected but 5 responses were not found appropriate so that 385 responses taken as actual respondents for study. 100 questionnaires were pilot tested. The primary data has been 43 collected through personal interviews as per the pretested and structured questionnaire administered to the 385 farmers.
2.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation
The data collected from the primary sources are presented in suitably planned statistical tables and wherever possible graphical representations are made through graphs and charts. The data is interpreted through statistical tools named statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for analysis and interpretation of data. The Chi-Square Test of Independence to analyze the preference for place to sale cash crops has been used. The Chi- Square Test of Independence determines whether there is an association between categorical variables (i.e., whether the variables are independent or related). It is a nonparametric test.
Cross tabulation is a powerful technique that helps us to describe the relationships between categorical (nominal or ordinal) variables. Chi square is a statistical test which is commonly used to compare observed data with the data we would expect to obtain in accordance to a specific hypothesis.
2.3 Area and Limitation of the study
The study has been conducted with some limitations. Limitations are restrictive conditions under which the research study is conducted. It is essential for the researcher to reduce the study to workable size and set boundaries by limiting its scope. Following are the limitations of the study 1. The area covered by the study is restricted to only one district consisting of three blocks in the Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh. 2. The main thrust of the study is only on soybean, ground nut, garlic, and isabgol marketing in the study area.
2.4 Analysis of Preference of Place for Sale of cash crops in Neemuch District
The most important aspect of marketing of cash crops is place of sales of cash crop.
Whenever farmers select place for sale of their crops, they keep so many things in mind like which place is near by the village, which place is offering better prices, where they can get better market information, where they can get better facility of transportation, storage, and finance, where they can get prompt payment etc.
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 61 2.5 Analysis of Preference of Place for Sale of Soybean
It was observed in the study area the most preferred place for sale of soybean is Krishi Upaj Mandi the details are as follows: The first table is the Case Processing summary, which tells us the number of valid cases used for analysis. Only cases with no missing values for both preferences of place of sale of soybean and three blocks of Neemuch district can be used in test.
Table 1 - Place for Sale of Soybean * Block Case Processing Summary
Table 2- Preference of Place for Sale of Soybean*Block Cross tabulation
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 62 Figure 1 Place for Sale of Soybean
As it can be seen in the above table according to 334 (86.8%) respondent farmers’ they sold soybean at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
Table 3 Chi-Square Tests for Preference of Place for Sale of Soybean
a0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.32 The key result in the Chi-Square Tests table is the Pearson Chi-Square.
The value of the test statistic is .244.
The footnote for this statistic pertains to the expected cell count assumption (i.e., expected cell counts are all greater than 5): no cells had an expected count less than 5, so this assumption was met.
Because the test statistic is based on a 4x3 cross tabulation table, the degrees of freedom (df) for the test statistic is
The corresponding p-value of the test statistic is p = 1.000.
From the above cross table-Preference of Place for Sale of Soybean* Block Cross tabulation. It is clear that most of the respondent’s sale soybean crop at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the preferences for place for sale of soybean and three blocks of Neemuch district. The preferences for place for sale of soybean in three blocks of Neemuch district were same.
2.6 Analysis of Preference of Place for Sale of Groundnut
It was observed in the study area the preferred place for sale of groundnut is Krishi Upaj Mandi the following tables shows the details:
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 63
Table 4 Preference of Place for Sale of Groundnut * Block Case Processing Summary
Table 5 Place for Sale of Groundnut * Block Cross tabulation
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 64 Figure 2 Place for Sale of Groundnut
Table 6 - Chi-Square Tests for Place for Sale of Groundnut
a0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.65 The key result in the Chi-Square Tests table is the Pearson Chi-Square.
The value of the test statistic is 1.570.
The footnote for this statistic pertains to the expected cell count assumption (i.e., expected cell counts are all greater than 5): no cells had an expected count less than 5, so this assumption was met.
Because the test statistic is based on a 4x3 cross tabulation table, the degrees of freedom (df) for the test statistic is
The corresponding p-value of the test statistic is p = .955.
From the above cross table-Place for sale of groundnut * Block Cross tabulation. It is clear that most of the respondent’s sale groundnut crop at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the preferences for place for sale of groundnut in three blocks of Neemuch district. The preferences for place for sale of groundnut in three blocks of Neemuch district were same.
2.7 Analysis of Preference of Place for Sale of Isabgol
It was observed in the study area the preferred place for sale of isabgol is Krishi Upaj Mandi the following tables shows the details:
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 65
Table Error! No text of specified style in document. - Preference of Place for Sale of Isabgol * Block Case Processing Summary
Table 8 - Place for Sale of Isabgol * Block Cross tabulation
Figure 3 - Place for Sale of Isabgol
As it can be seen in the above table according to 327(84.9%) respondent farmers they sold groundnut at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 66 Table 9 - Chi-Square Tests for Place for sale of Isabgol
0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.32 The key result in the Chi-Square Tests table is the Pearson Chi-Square.
The value of the test statistic is .640.
The footnote for this statistic pertains to the expected cell count assumption (i.e., expected cell counts are all greater than 5): no cells had an expected count less than 5, so this assumption was met.
Because the test statistic is based on a 4x3 cross tabulation table, the degrees of freedom (df) for the test statistic is
The corresponding p-value of the test statistic is p = .996.
From the above cross table- Place for sale of isabgol * Block Cross tabulationIt is clear that most of the respondent’s sale isabgol crop at KrishiUpajMandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the preferences for place for sale of isabgol in three blocks of Neemuch district. The preferences for place for sale of isabgol in three blocks of Neemuch district were same.
2.8 Analysis of Preference of Place for Sale of Garlic:
It was observed in the study area the preferred place for sale of garlic is Krishi Upaj Mandi the following tables shows the details:
Table 10 - Place for Sale of Garlic* Block Case Processing Summary
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 67 Table 11 - Place for Sale of Garlic* Block Crosstabulation
Figure 4 - Place for Sale of Garlic
As it can be seen in the above table according to 331(86%) respondent farmers they sold garlic at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 01, (IC-IESP-MULTI-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-I, January 2023 68 Table 12- Chi-Square Tests for Place for sale of Garlic
a. 0 cells (0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.65.
The key result in the Chi-Square Tests table is the Pearson Chi-Square.
The value of the test statistic is .726.
Because the test statistic is based on a 4x3 cross tabulation table, the degrees of freedom (df) for the test statistic is df=(R−1)∗(C−1)=(4−1)∗(3−1)=3∗2=6df
The corresponding p-value of the test statistic is p = 0.994.
From the above cross table-Place for sale of garlic * Block Cross tabulation It is clear that most of the respondent’s sale garlic crop at Krishi Upaj Mandi in three blocks of Neemuch district.
The footnote for this statistic pertains to the expected cell count assumption (i.e., expected cell counts are all greater than 5): no cells had an expected count less than 5, so this assumption was met. It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the preferences for place for sale of garlic in three blocks of Neemuch district.
The preferences for place for sale of garlic in three blocks of Neemuch district were same.
3 CONCLUSION
It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the preferences for place for sale of selected cash crops in three blocks of Neemuch district. The preferences for place for sale of cash crops in three blocks of Neemuch district were same.
So from the above analysis we come to know that in case of all the selected crops in three blocks of Neemuch district the preferred place for sales of crops was Krishi Upaj Mandi.
REFERENCES
1. Acharya S.S and Agarwal NL, 2006, Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.
New Delhi.
2. Kahlon, A.S and Tyagi.D S, 1983 Agricultural Price Policy in India. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Kulkarni, K R.1964, Agricultural Marketing in India. The Co-operators Books Depot,Mumbai.
4. Mamoria, C.B. and Joshi. R L.1995, Principles and Practices of Marketing in India, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
