View of PSYCHO-SOMATIC RELATIONSHIP OF NATIONAL TEACHERS OF INDIA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol.03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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PSYCHO-SOMATIC RELATIONSHIP OF NATIONAL TEACHERS OF INDIA Dr. Majda Khan

Associate Professor, Department of History, V. A. Government Degree College Atrauli, Aligarh

Abstract - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship existing in the soma to types, physical self concept, sensation seeking and anxiety state of national level teachers. The total 125 national level teachers were selected for this study. The age of the subjects were ranged between 40 to 50 years. The data on somatotypical measurements of the subjects were obtained by Carter and Heath method (1990), data on physical self- concept, of the subjects were obtained by using a questionnaire developed by Fox (1990) and the data on sensation seeking and anxiety state test were gauge by questionnaire developed by Neary and Zuckerman (1976). Pearson product moment coefficient correlation was used to determine the relationship among the mean score of the national level teachers.

The result of the study showed that there was a significant relationship exists between mesomorph and physical self concept, mesomorph and anxiety state and ectomorph and physical self concept, whereas insignificant relationship were found between endomorph and physical self concept, endomorph and sensation seeking, endomorph and anxiety state, mesomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and anxiety state at 0.05 level of significance with 124 degree of freedom.

Keywords: Teachers,Somatotypes, Endomorph, Mesomorph Ectomorph, Physical self concept, Sensation seeking, Anxiety state and National level teachers.

1. INTRODUCTION

Now a days sports scientists have proved that performance is byproduct of biological, somatotypical, psychological, sociological, and physical makeup of an individual. In games and sports not only physiological factors but also psychological and somatotypical factors play a significant role in determining the performance level of an individual.

However great importance is assigned to psychological parameters such as physical self concept, sensation seeking and anxiety stateetc. (Schilling & Hayashi, 2001).

The significant of psychological and somatotypical factors for performance enhancement of the athletes has been forcefully stressed by many experts (Ali 1996; Khan 2003; Nisar 2008 and Imran 2012). They advocated that individuals are affected not merely by their physical and techno tactical ability but also by their psychological and somatotypical makeup.

Body building is a form of body modification involving intensive muscle hypertrophy; an individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their appearance. The muscles are revealed through a process known as the

“cutting phase” - a combination of fat loss, oils, and tanning (or tanning lotions) which combined with lighting make the definition of the muscle group more distinct.

2. METHODOLOGY 2.1Subjects

A total of 125 National level teachers male were randomly selected for this study. The age of the selected subjects were ranged between 40 to 50 years.

2.2 Instrument

The data on somatotypical measurements of the subjects were obtained by Carter and Heath method (1990), data on physical self-concept of the subjects were obtained by using a questionnaire developed by Fox (1990) and the data on sensation seeking and anxiety state test were gauged by questionnaire developed by Neary and Zuckerman (1976).

2.3 Procedure

The data were collected from the various national level teachers who participated in All India Inter-University of Best Physique Championship. The PSPP was administered to participants in this study by the researchers. Scoring the PSPP involved adding the scores of each subscale. Each response was assigned a value of 1 to 4 points. Each subscale, SPORT, CONDITION, BODY, STRENGTH,

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and PSW, contains six items ranging from 6 to 24. The negative items were reversed so that the lowest-scoring descriptor is placed first, and items from each of the sub domains were placed in sequence within the complete profile. Therefore, high scores reflect high physical self- concept. All the subscales had three positive and three negative items except for the STRENGTH subscale which contained four positive and two negative items.

The SSAST was administered to participants in this study by the researchers.Scoring the SSAST the tool consists of 30 statements in which 15 items were regarding Sensation Seeking (SS), and 15 items were for Anxiety State (A). The scoring varies from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) for each item (range=15 to 75). The item no. 5, 9, 14, and 25 were scoring reversed, i. e. 1 (very much) to 5 (not at all). They have shown high internal consistency and low retest reliabilities of the SSAST (Sensation Seeking and Anxiety State Test). It is a Likert type 5 points scale and its reliability in reported to be 0.93.

By using Heath Carter Somatotypes method, ten anthropometric measurements were taken which were as follows:

i) Standing Height, ii) Body Weight, iii) Biepicondylar Humerus Diameter, iv) Biepicondylar Femur Diameter, v) Biceps Muscle Girth, vi) Calf Muscle Girth, vii) Triceps Skin Fold, viii) Sub Scapular Skin Fold, ix) Supraspinale Skin Fold, x) Medial Calf Skin Fold.

Each indicator was measured twice and the average was taken.

2.3 Somatotype in Gradings

All the three components of somatotypes were calculated with the following formulae:

(a) Endomorphy:

Endomorphy= –0.7182 + 0.1451* ΣSF – 0.00068* ΣSF²+0.0000014*ΣSF³

[Where ΣSF = (sum of triceps, sub scapular and supraspinale skin folds) multiplied by (170.18/height in centimeter).This is called height- corrected endomorphy and is the preferred method for calculating endomorphy.

(b) Mesomorphy:

The equation used to calculate mesomorphy is Mesomorphy =0.858 * humerus breadth + 0.601 * femur breadth + 0.188 * corrected arm girth + 0.161 * corrected calf girth – height * 0.131 + 4.5

(Subtract the triceps skin fold and calf skin fold from the arm girth and calf girth, respectively).

(c) Ectomorphy:

Ectomorphy was determined by comparing the HWR ratio with following underlined values.

HWR =

3

Weight in Kg cm in Heigth

 If HWR is greater than or equal to 40.75 than ectomorphy

= 0.732 * HWR – 28.58

 If HWR is less than 40.75 and greater than 38.25 then ectomorphy = 0.463 * HWR – 17.63

 If HWR is equal to or less than 38.25 than ectomorphy = 0.1 2.4 Statistical Analysis

The Pearson product moment coefficient correlation was used to determine the relationship among the mean score of the national level teachers.Further the level of significance was set at 0.05 level.

3. RESULT

Table 1 Showing relationship of soma to type and physical self concept, sensation seeking, and anxiety state of

national level body builder teachers.

Somatotype Vs Psychological Variables of National level teachers

Cal r

Endomorph and Physical self

concept -0.163

Endomorph and Sensation Seeking 0.073 Endomorph and AnxietyState 0.182 Mesomorph and Physical self

concept -0.200*

Mesomorph and Sensation Seeking 0.046 Mesomorph and AnxietyState 0.261*

Ectomorph and Physical self concept 0.211*

Ectomorph and Sensation Seeking -0.054 Ectomorph and AnxietyState -0.059

*Significant at 0.05 level of significance Tab r = .195

It is clearly indicated from the preceding Table-1 that a significant relationship exists between mesomorph and physical self concept, mesomorph and anxiety state and ectomorph and

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physical self concept, whereas insignificant relationship were found between endomorph and physical self concept, endomorph and sensation seeking, endomorph and anxiety state, mesomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and anxiety state at 0.05 level of significance with 124 degree of freedom of national level body builder teachers.

4. DISCUSSION

The result of the study showed that negative significant relationship exists between mesomorph and physical self concept, and positive significant relationship exists between mesomorph and anxiety state and ectomorph and physical self concept, whereas insignificant negative relationship was found between endomorph and physical self-concept, ectomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and anxiety state, and positive significant relationship were found between endomorph and sensation- seeking, endomorph and anxiety state of national level teachers. This is in line with the study of Gill and Rao (1992) which assessed the relationship between self- concept and other physical variable among Indian school boys.

5. CONCLUSION

Significant relationship showed between mesomorph and physical self concept, mesomorph and anxiety state and ectomorph and physical self concept, whereas insignificant relationship were found between endomorph and physical self concept, endomorph and sensation seeking, endomorph and anxiety state, mesomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and sensation seeking, ectomorph and anxiety state of national level body builder teachers.

6. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Researches and explorations are not the end results but that always open the way for future investigation. Similarly, the

present work is not the end in this area.

In fact, all the variables can never be studied in a single research. So the present study was confined to study Psycho-Somatic Relationship of National Body-Builders Of India. The results of the present investigation led to certain possibilities for further researches.

It is suggested that further studies in this area may compare on sports persons among teachers with different games and sport. This type of study may also be conducted in cross cultural context and larger sample provide better results. Moreover, some other psychological inventories may be used.

REFERENCES

1. Ali, J (1996). Study of self – concept, body image, adjustment and performance of hockey players. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Aligarh, India.

2. Carter, J.E.L and Heath, B.H (1990).

Somatotyping Development and Applications Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

3. Fox, K. (1990). The physical self-perception profile manual. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University, Office for Health Promotion.

4. Gil, J.S. & Rao, V.S.S.M. (1992). Self – Concept and Physical Fitness in Secondary School Boys Patiala. N.I.S Scientific Journal, 15(1).

5. Imran, Mohammad. (2012). The relationship among self- concept, somatotypes and sensation seeking anxiety state in national level teachers and weight lifters.

SubmittedUnpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Aligarh, India.

6. Khan, K.S (2003). Study of telic dominance, ego- strength and hardiness as related to the performance of athletes: Unpublished Ph. D.

Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Aligarh, India.

7. Neary., Zuckerman. M. (1976). Sensation Seeking, Trait and State Anxiety and the Electrodermal Orienting Response. Online Journal Psychophysiology, 13(3), 205-211.

8. Nisar, S. K. (2008). A study of locus of control, adjustment and self- confidence as related to the performance of hockey players.

Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Aligarh, India.

9. Schilling, T. A. and Hayashi, C.T. (2001) Achievement motivation among high school basketball „and cross country athletes: A personal investment perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(1), 103-128.