View of SAFETY FOR PEDESTRIAN IN MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITION AT MID BLOCK SECTION

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal ISSN No. 2456-1037 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol. 05, Issue 09,September 2020 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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SAFETY FOR PEDESTRIAN IN MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITION AT MID BLOCK SECTION Vikash Kumar¹ & P.C. Diwan²

1Mtech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering SVN University Sagar (M.P.)

2Assistant Prof., Department of Civil Engineering SVN University Sagar (M.P.)

Abstract - Pedestrian road crossing have a major subject in mixed traffic floe condition.

Mostly at that point where no control for pedestrian path crossing. The active adults are able to cross the road safely, where as the very young or child and the very old are not at mid block section or location. In these days motor vehicle growth are increase very well, but regulation of pedestrian is neglected. Road characteristics that can influence pedestrian accidents include geometrics features of the road, design of intersections, traffic control devices, street lighting, color of the road surface and footway design. Pedestrian accident rates are high during week days when the traffic flow is heavy. The pedestrians constitute 46 percent of the fatalities from road accidents. These figure indicate the seriousness of the pedestrian safety problem. Mixed traffic system also creats lot of problem some time cattle and ricksaw stay in video recording line. More time auto driver stopped at marked crossing area for loading and unloading for passengers. Every pedestrian who wishes to cross a road looks for a safe gap in the traffic stream. He rejects gaps which are too short and thus too risky and waits for a suitable gap which he feels would be safe for crossing with a large gap, say 7 seceonds, the pedestrian can cross a 6 meter carriageway safely.

Keywords: Safety, smoothly, pedestrian unrestricted traffic flow, Sagar M.P.

1 INTRODUCTION

Road crossing a daily necessity activity for all of us but alos a dangerous activity.

Now a day country economic growth increase due to this urban area also increases. So traffic flow condition also growth in all over India. Due to urbanization of cities motor vehicle also increase and also increase only regulation of motor vehicle and pedestrian safety completely neglected. At time of design traffic flow no any special kind of extra provision provided for pedestrian . there are many reason for pedestrian to cross the path. There are many types, means 8 type of categories vehicle available in traffic flow of all major paths. All type of vehicle are move on the same space of path and also occupying the position or space of path. Vehicle movement are increase but path space are same due to this all vehicle are occupying space where path are not construction.

2 STUDY AREA

In mid size city Sagar has lacking of all facilities for pedestrian at crossing, even it exist in poor condition. no much studies has been done to model crossing behaviors

For pedestrian in India. Traffic condition of sagar is very congested and in mixed condition.

Figure 1

Figure 2

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Above figure male shows the risky behavior than female while crossing the road. Pedestrian accepted minimum gap is depending upon the various factors environment condition of road that if width of road geometry design. Sagar is a crowed city of india and there are so many crossing are uncontrolled and un signalized and mixed condition like katra bazaar, gujrati bazaar, civil line road.

There are large number of motor vehicles and pedestrian flow over the road. But there is no regulation system for pedestrian and vehicle both. More time I have seen driver increase their speed at crossing.

3 METHODOLOGY

Literature review about the pedestrian behavior/opinion, drivers yielding behavior at crossing. Survey for suitable location/site, collection of data and extraction, study of pedestrian demographic characteristic and pedestrian behavior aspects from video, model development for pedestrian road crossing behavior.

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis

Now the data collection stage was complete, the collected data were entered into a worksheet for use later in making the pedestrian level of service model. In calculation to entering the data from the videography survey, several videos were reviewed to obtain and confirm information for traffic counts at various sites. In all, 401 data were selected or in measuring during the one week video observations in which data were collected from 4 sites. O1 of the video selected were not used in the final data collection.

The effect of these selected variables of the crossing behaviour of pedestrian at uncontrolled mid-block location and used the multiple linear regression technique to model it. The main important term is model the minimum accepted vehicular time gap size by pedestrian was calculated with pedestrian’s characteristics at crossing.

4.2 Pedestrian Crossing Behavioural Models

Multiple Linear Regression model (MLR model)

The MLR model is useful for finding out the accepted gap size for pedestrians. The

minimum pedestrians' gap acceptance value is represented by a regression model. The collected vehicular gap data is with an accuracy of 0.033 second. The pedestrian may reject more number of available small gap size values and they may accept higher gap size values. To develop the minimum gap acceptance model, a log normal regression was selected by considering that pedestrian accepted gaps which followed a normal distribution. The accepted gap sizes are best fitted by a normal distribution by considering logarithm of the gaps.

5 RESULTS AND DISUSSION

The pedestrian road crossing behavior is quite unpredictable at uncontrolled midblock location. Different pedestrian behavioral characteristics were considered for minimum gap size model, out of which only few (three) variables could explain the pedestrian road crossing behaviour.

All these vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian platoon size are the most influencing variables. Variables such as waiting time, observation duration at curb or median, observation duration while crossing and number of observations at curb or median, driver yield behaviour does not affect the pedestrian road crossing behaviour in this study. It is also observed that the driver yielding behaviour does not have much effect on the pedestrians’ waiting time at the curb and median. When pedestrian reaches the middle of the road it affects the pedestrian road crossing behaviour.

- From the calculation we find that speed of vehicle and speed of pedestrian are 20.7kmph and 1.2mps respectively.

Driver vehaviour creates the risky situation for the pedestrian. Most of driver don yield that pedestrian arte crossing the road at midblock.

Figure 3 Mean gap size accepted by different age group of pedestrian

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6 CONCLUSION

Pedestrian not feel safe at crossing when crossing at uncontrolled mid block location. Vehicles speed in kmph, pedestrian speed in mps and pedestrian platoon. All these parameters are much more important for modeling the accepted minimum gap size, according to the traffic system of civil line, Sagar. I used the value of the three variable in MLR method, for modeling the accepted minimum gap size of the study location Sagar, M.P. India. Provision of dual carriageways, where ever feasiable, should be thought of. Adequate street lighting and vehicle lighting measures ensure pedestrian safety. Special attention needs to be paid for lighting pedestrian cross walks and junction.

Increased visibility of the pedestrian themselves can present many accidents.

A legislative measure to force pedestrian to walk facing the oncoming traffic can prevent many an accidents. Road safety education, especially for children, propaganda and enforcement deserve careful consideration.

REFERENCES

1. Report of the study group on Road safety, ministry of transport New Delhi 1972.

2. Use of traffic accident records, ENO foundation for Highway Traffic control, Saugatuck, Connecticut 1947.

3. H.K. sinha, methods in accident studies, Indian highway, vol.3, no.7, New Delhi 1975.

4. Special issue on motor vehicle accident statistics in India 1986, Transport Research Division, Ministry of surface transport, New Delhi 1986.

5. Definition of road safety policy and development of action plans, Report of study for Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and National Highway Authority of India, span consultants New Delhi 2003.