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Wireless Machine to Machine Healthcare Solution in Global Networks
1S. V. Jadhav, 2V. N. Moon, 3P. U. Dere
1,2,3Terna Engineering College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Abstract : Care of critically ill patient’s requires quick and precise decisions so that life saving therapy can be properly applied. The common problem in most of the hos- pitals is that expert has to frequently visit the patient &
assess his/her condition by measuring different parameters.
So with the help of different wireless technologies we are trying to design a system which will work in an emergency.
It will be a model of machine-to-machine (M2M) health- care solution that combines mobile and HTTP in a wireless sensor network to monitor the health parameters of pa- tients like ECG, Heartbeat, and Temperature in real time and provide a wide range of effective, comprehensive and convenient healthcare services. The low power wearable sensors will measure the health parameters constantly and is connected, over low-power wireless personal area net- work to the M2M node for wireless transmission through the internet via the M2M gateway. A well defined interface will graphically display the recorded biomedical signals on doctor’s computer. Our focus is to process the large amount of biomedical signals with the help of global M2M healthcare solution. The timely manner of conveying real time monitored parameters to the doctor will be given the highest priority.
Key Words : M2M (Machine-to-Machine), ECG (Electro- cardio graph), GUI (Graphical User Interface), BT (Blu- etooth) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ).
I. INTRODUCTION
Information and wireless technologies have brought changes in our social interactions, lifestyles and work environment. One of the most promising applications of the information technology is healthcare and wellness management. Healthcare is moving from an approach based on the reactive responses to acute conditions to a proactive approach characterized by early detection, prevention and long-term management of health condi- tions. The current direction places an emphasis on the monitoring of health conditions and the management of wellness as significant contributors to individual health- care and wellbeing. This is particularly important in de- veloping countries like India, where information tech- nology can significantly improve the management of prolonged conditions and thereby improve quality of life. Particularly, the continuous or even occasional re- cording of biomedical signals is critical for the ad- vancement of diagnosis as well as treatment of cardi- ovascular diseases by using wireless wearable sensors.
For example, continuous recording of an electrocardio- gram (ECG) by a wearable sensor can give the real time view of the heart condition of a patient during normal daily routines, and can help detect conditions such as high blood pressure, stress, anxiety, diabetes and depres- sion. Moreover, it is possible that further automated analysis of recorded biomedical signals could support doctors in their daily practices and allow the develop- ment of warning systems [1]. This would bring several benefits: it would increase the health observability, col- laboration among doctors and doctor to patient efficien- cy and thereby decrease healthcare costs. Moreover, monitoring of such conditions would increase early de- tection of abnormal health conditions and diseases and therefore provide a great potential to improve the quality of life of patients by increasing Life expectancy.
In the recent years, the use of wireless sensor nodes for remote health care management has been adapted as an effective alternative to the traditional hospital centric health care system from both the economic perspective and the patient comfort view point [2].
Recent technological advances in M2M systems togeth- er with the rise of M2M communications over wired and wireless links allow the design of light weight, low- power sensors at low cost for wearable sensor networks, integrated circuits, and wireless communication. With the dramatic penetration of embedded devices, M2M communications became a dominant communication paradigm in many applications that concentrate on data exchange among machines to make these machines more intelligent in a narrow sense and among currently networked applications and services, whose core is the intelligent interaction of machines in a general sense.
Machine to machine communication is viewed as one of the next frontiers in wireless communications. Freed from the traditional constraint of wireless devices that require human intervention [3].Wireless M2M commu- nications is a form of data transfer that lets machines communicate directly with one another with little or no human interaction or intervention [4].
Figure 1. Block diagram of system architecture As shown in fig.1 the health parameters such as Heart Rate, Temperature and ECG will be continuously sensed by three different sensors which will be attached to the patient’s body. This parameters will be send to the ARM7 processor [5].The processor will convert these sensed parameters into digital form for transmission. We will be using a Bluetooth modem as an interface be- tween ARM7 and patients mobile for transfer of infor- mation from processor to mobile. Patients mobile will receive these sensed parameters via Bluetooth. Then through GPRS this sensed parameters will be send to the server, then this parameters will be seen on the Doctors PC for real time monitoring. Moreover, we can also create a database of patients.
1.1 System Description
Real time health monitoring is a great challenge in India due to shortage of doctors and over population. So it is not always possible for the expert doctors to check the individual patients frequently. So we need to develop a system by which the doctor will be able to sense the health parameters of critically ill patients wirelessly that is without personally checking the patients with the help of machine to machine technology (M2M).Currently there are number of health monitoring systems available for critical patients. All these systems work mainly when there is an emergency .It means information is transmit- ted to server mainly when there is any abnormality. But main problem with these systems is that it is not capable of transmitting data continuously, also there is range limitation of different wireless technologies used in the systems. So to overcome these limitations of systems we will be trying to develop a new system. This new system will be able to transmit the sensed parameters of patients continuously and over a longer distance by establishing HTTP connection via GPRS (General Packet Radio Ser- vice).Thus this system will be able to transmit the bio- medical signals to doctors or patients from a central serve located in a hospital, home or office. So the use of a global M2M network in healthcare application will promise to replace the use of traditional healthcare sys- tems based on wireless sensor networks.
So we will be trying to improve the following perfor- mance characteristics.
• Extension of network: By the use of GPRS tech- nology the range of communication can be consi- derably increased.
• Use of low power sensors: With an exponentially increasing number of sensors by researchers, we can easily design low power sensors.
• Ease of measurement: By designing the probes which can easily be weared and can provide com- fort to patients while sensing the health parameters.
• Reliability: By the use of wireless machine to ma- chine technology we can assure maximum reliabili- ty.
• Accessibility: The sensed health parameters are easily assessable by the doctor through internet.
II. METHODOLOGY
Step 1: Designing the ECG, Heart Beat and Tem- perature sensors for sensing the health parameters There are various design constraints for designing the sensors. They are as follows:
• Compact size
• Low power consumption
• Compatibility with processor
• Ease at measurement
Step 2: Study of Bluetooth technology and Bluetooth modem
Bluetooth technology is essential to transmit the sensed parameters from the ARM7 processor to the Mobile.
And the Bluetooth modem is required to transfer data from ARM7 to the mobile.
Step 3: After receiving the sensed parameters in mo- bile it will be send to the server
Transfer of information from mobile to server will be done by GPRS technology. So in depth study of GPRS technology is mandatory.
Step 4: Creation of a visualization module of the server program
The transmitted sensed biomedical parameters should be displayed on the monitor of the doctors PC for diagnosis of patient. So a study of visual basic is essential to create an GUI.
Step 5: By studying the above system the model is designed by using ARM 7 and Bluetooth enabled mobile through software’s Kiel, Java and Visual ba- sic
2.1 Design Theory
As shown in fig.2 the design steps for sensing ECG,Heart Rate and Temperature on ARM processor are as follows:
Step 1: All the system variables used to sense the para- meters are initialized.
Step 2: Initialzation of LCD & ADC for observing the sensed parameters on the equipment and for sensing the ECG waveforms.
Step 3: To present greeting message on LCD like system started and welcome to Terna College.
Step 4: Monitor ADC for conversion of temperature in digital form.
Step 5: To Monitor Heat beat and calculate the Heart beat to be shown on LCD.
Step 6: To monitor ECG values and generate the trans- mission packet.
Step 7: To send all the three parameters to Bluetooth Modem and continue doing the same.
Figure 2. Flow chart of Code for ARM7
As shown in fig.3 the design steps for observing ECG, Heart Rate and Temperature on Patients Mobile are as follows:
Step 1: To initialsie all the system variables to observe all the parameters on the patients mobile.
Step 2: To initialize GUI on the mobile using android application.
Step 3: To initialize Bluetooth modem and connect it with Bluetooth of mobile.
Step 4: Initialize GPRS link to send the data received via Bluetooth to the web server.
Step 5: Wait for incoming packet from the Bluetooth.
Step 6: Accept the packet.
Step 7: Parse the packet.
Step 8: Display on GUI.
Step 9: Generate GPRS transmission packet.
Step 10: Upload the data to the remote web server.
Figure 3. Flowchart for data processing in mobile As shown in fig.4 the design steps for fetching ECG, Heart Rate and Temperature on Doctors PC are as fol- lows:
Step 1: To initialize all the system variables required to observe the parameters on the Doctors PC.
Step 2: Initialize GUI on the Computer screen.
Step 3: Initialize internet connection to get the data to Web server.
Step 4: To fetch the file from the web server.
Step 5:vTo display the file content on the GUI.
Step 6: To parse the content.
Step 7: To display each parameter on the GUI.
Step 8: To draw the graph of ECG, Heat Beat, Tempera- ture.
Step 9: To check the limits of Heart beat and tempera- ture.
Step 10: To display alert and continue fetching data from internet.
Figure 4 : Flowchart for data processing on PC
III. RESULTS
Figure 5: ECG graph
The ECG waveform is shown will be observed by the doctor and he will decide weather it is normal or abnor-
mal.
Figure 6: Heart Beat Graph
The Heat Beat shown varies person to person and it will be observed by the doctor. As it is seen that the heart beat varies with time due to depression and exercise etc.
Figure 7: Temperature Graph
The Temperature waveform is shown in the figure and it is variying as the sensor is kept in hot or cool conditions.
Figure 8:GUI
The GUI is developed for the Doctor which shows the Data of ECG,Heart Beat and Temperature in Figure as well as in Graph Format which helps in analyzing the changes with respect to time.
Live GPRS data is shown in figures which is 1000 bits and it is converted in the form of waveform.The live tempetature and live heart beat is shown and we can set upper and lower limits based on which if it is within range then it will show it as normal or else abnormal.
As we press connect GPRS then internet connection is established and then only doctor can monitor live paa- meters of patients.As we press Graph Temp,Graph HB,Graph ECG then immediately we will see wave- forms of all parameters.
IV. CONCLUSION
Thus we have tried to make a system which will work in an emergency especially for the ICU patients and where the doctors are not easily available in remote locations.
The main aim of our project is to do wireless communi- cation with the help of Machine to Machine technology.
Thus we have tried to make a full proof system for the measurement of ECG, Heart Rate and Temperature through wireless Machine to machine communication which will be useful for the critical patients.
We have authenticated the ECG, Heart rate and Temper- ature from doctor and its verified as closely matching from the ideal equipments.
V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to- wards my guide Prof. P.U. Dere for the help, guidance and encouragement, he provided throughout this work.
This work would have not been possible without his valuable time, patience and motivation.
I also thank to my co-guide Prof. V.N. Moon for doing my stint thoroughly pleasant and enriching .It was great learning and an honor being his student.
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