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REFERENCES

1. Abbasdokht, H., and Edalatpishe, M.R. (2008). Priming and it's role in agronomy. First Iranian Seed Technology Conference. Gorgan University. (In Farsi).

2. Bhati, D. S., and Rathore, S. S. (1986). Effect of seed soaking treatment with agro-chemicals on germination and seedling attributes of wheat. Madras Agric. J. 73(7), 378–380.

3. Brar, G. S., Steiner, J. L., Unger, P. W., & Prihar, S. S. (1992). Modelling sorghum seedling establishment from soil wetness and temperature of drying seed zones. Agron. J. 84, 905–910.

4. Chivasa, W., Harris, D., Chiduza, C., Nyamudeza, P., & Mashingaidze, A. B. (1998). Agronomic practices, major crops and farmers’ perceptions of the importance of good stand establishment in Musikavanhu Communal Area, Zimbabwe. J. Appl. Sci. Southern Africa. 4(2), 109–125.

5. Clement, E. (1992). Effect N supply and spatial arrengment on the grain yield of maize / soybean intercrop in ahumid subtropical climate. Canadian Journal of Plant Science.72(1),57-66.

6. Dayanand, M. K., Singh, K. N., & Agrawal, K. N. (1997). Effect of varieties, soil covers, forms of nitrogen and seed soaking on the uptake of major nutrients (NPK) in late sown wheat. Indian J. Agron.

22(2), 96–98.

7. FAO STAT. (2005). http://faostat.fao.org/

8. Harris, D. (1991). Seedbeds and crop establishment. In ‘‘Proceedings of the Second Annual Research Programme,’’ Scientific Conference of the SADDC-Land and Water Management pp. 165–172. October 7–9, 1991, Mbabane, Swaziland.

9. Harris, D. (1996). The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, depth and date of sowing on the emergence and early growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in Semi-arid Botswana. Soil Till. Res. 40, 73–88.

10. Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P., & Sodhi, P. S. (1999). On-farm seed priming in Semi-arid agriculture: Development and evaluation in maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in India using participatory method s. Exp. Agric. 35, 15–29.

11. Harris, D., Pathan, A. K., Gothkar, P., Joshi, A., Chivasa, W., & Nyamudeza, P. (2001). Onfarm seed priming: Using participatory methods to review and refine a key technology. Agric. Syst. 69(1–2), 151–

164.

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Rajbhandari, J. K. Ransom, K. Adikhari, and A. F. E. Palmer, Eds.), pp. 180–185. Proceedings of a Maize Symposium, December 3–5, 2001, Kathmandu, Nepal. Kathmandu: NARC and CIMMYT.

13. Harris, D., Rashid, A., Ali, S., & Hollington, P. A. (2004). ‘On-farm’ seed priming with maize in Pakistan. In ‘‘Proceedings of the 8th Asian Regional Maize Workshop: New Technologies for the New Millennium’’ (G. Srinivasan, P. H. Zaidi, B. M. Prasanna, F. Gonzalez, and K. Lesnik, Eds.), pp. 316–

324. August 5–8, 2002, Bangkok, Thailand, Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT

14. Harris, D., & Mottram, A. (2005). Practical hydration of seeds of tropical crops: ‘On-farm’ seed priming.

In ‘‘Handbook of Seed Science and Technology’’ (A. S. Basra, Ed.), pp. 724–734. The Howarth Press, New York.

15. Harris, D. , Rashid, A., Miraj, G., Arif, M., & Shah H. (2007). ‘On-farm’ seed priming with zinc sulphate solution—A cost-effective way to increase the maize yields of resource-poor farmers. Field Crop Reasearch.102, 119-127.

16. Howarth, C. J., Weltzien Ratunde, E., Bidinger, F. R., & Harris, D. (1997). Seedling survival of abiotic stress: Sorghum and pearl millet. In ‘‘Proceedings of the International Conference on Genetic Improvement of Sorghum and Pearl Millet,’’ pp. 379–399. ICRISAT/INTSORMIL, September 22–27, 1996, Lubbock, Texas

17. Murungu, F. S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafata, P., Clark, L. J., & Whalley, W. R. (2004a). Effect of on-farm seed priming on emergence, growth and yield of cotton and maize in a semi-arid area of Zimbabwe. Exp.

Agric. 40, 23–36.

18. Murungu, F. S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafata, P., Clark, L. J., & Whalley, W. R. (2004b). Effects of ‘onfarm seed priming’ on consecutive daily sowing occasions on the emergence and growth of maize in a semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crops Res. 89, 49–57.

19. Radford, B. J., Wood, I. M., Beavis, C. H., Walsh, P. A., Vieritz, A. M., Hazard, W. J. L., Wade, L. J., Hughes, P. J., Robertson, L. N., Page, J. R., Wollin, A. S., & Spackman, G. B. (1989). A survey of the establishment of commercial sorghum and sunflower crops in the Central Highland of Queensland and analysis of the effects of level of and evenness of establishment on grain sorghum. Occasional Publication 43. Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, Brisbane.

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20. Rashid, A., Harris, D., Hollington, P. A., & Rafiq, M. (2006). Improving the yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata) in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan using onfarm seed priming. Exp. Agric. 40(2), 233–244.

21. Shumba, E. M., Bernstein, R. H., & Waddington, S. R. (1990). Maize and groundnut yield gap analysis for research priority setting in the smallholder sector of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe J. Agric. Res. 28(2), 105–

113.

22. Soman, P., Jayachandran, R., & Bidinger, F. R. (1987). Uneven variation in plant-to-plant spacing in pearl millet. Agron. J. 79(5), 891–895.

23. Soman, P., Jayachandran, R., Bidinger, F. R., & Peacock, J. M. (1984). Factors affecting seedling emergence and stand establishment: Studies in farmers’ fields in Aurepally and Dhandhan during 1981, 1982 and 1983. Millet and Sorghum Physiology Program, Progress Report. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.

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