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Induced resistance in cucumber, Cucumis sativus, to cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hem.:Aphididae) under greenhouse conditions

GadirNouri-Ghonbalani & Mohammad Reza RamazaniChaleshtari College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran.

*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, is an important pest of cucumber in greenhouses. In this research the possibility of using induced resistance for reducing population growth rate of the pest has been investigated. The life history parameters of aphid were determined in a growth chamber at 25±2^°C, 60 ± 5% R.H and 14:10 L D conditions in a completely random design in a split plot experiment. The main factor was two cucumber cultivars of Royal and Storm and the subplot consisted of five different pre-infestation periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days pre-infestation with five melon aphid/plant). At the end of each pre-infestation period, the aphids were removed and the plants kept aphid-free for 48

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h. The life history and population growth parameters of aphid were determined through 40 replications. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the treatments in aspect of the nymph growth duration, duration of reproduction of adult aphids and the longevity of the adult aphids. Furthermore, among the treatments R0, r, ë and DT had significant differences in both cultivars, but there was no significant difference among the treatments in terms of generation time (T). The lowest and highest R₀ in Royal (19.27 and 49.65 nymph/female/generation) and the lowest and highest r(0.311and 0.480 /day) were observed on 6 and 0 days pre-infestation period treatments, respectively. The lowest and the highest R₀ in Storm (13/25 and 44/63 nymph/female/generation) and the lowest and highest r(0.273and 0.463 /day) were observed on 6 and 0 days pre-infestation period treatments, respectively. WE conclude that the pre-infestation of the cucumber plants with A. gossypii can induce resistance in cucumber within 6-8 days leading to population growth rate reduction in the melon aphid.

Key words: Induced resistance, Aphis gossypii, pre-infestation, biological parameters Received: 23 November 2016, Accepted: 12 April 2017

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P

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df Sources of variation

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8.943 1

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23.554 4

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0.502 Pre-infestation Cultivar 4

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P F

MS df

Sources of variation

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53.60 1

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434.41 4

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0.125 1.82^ns

3.77 Pre- infestation Cultivar 4

2.08 316

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325 Total

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Table 3. Analysis of variance of the effects of pre – infestatation of cucumber plants with melon aphid on the longevity of adult melon aphid.

P F

MS df

Sources of variation

0.000 18.43^**

52.97 1

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Table 4. Means (±) of nymph developmental time, adult reproduction period, adult longevity of melon aphid and their fecundity on pre - infested cucumber plants of cultivar Royal.

Fecundity (Number of nymphs) Adult

longevity (days) Reproduction

period (days) Development

al time (days) Treatments (days of

pre- infestation)

0.918^aц55.17 0.19^aц17.31

0.138^aц15.42 4.69 ц 0.23^c*

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0.988^bц51.37 0.22^bц15.91

0.176^bц14.63 0.20^cц4.94

2 days

0.706^cц47.89 0.31^bц14.91

0.203^cц13.73 0. 2^bц5.11

4 days

1.244^dц36.69 0.29^cц12.53

0.213^dц11.01 0.17^aц6.06

6 days

2.122^eц26.59 0.31^dц9.69

0.201^eц9.07 0.17^aц6.01

8 days

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(8)

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Table 5. Means (±) of nymph developmental time, adult reproduction period, adult longevity of melon aphid and their fecundity on pre - infested cucumber plants of cultivar Storm.

Fecundity (Number of

nymphs) Adult longevity

(days) Reproduction

period (days) Developmenta

l time (days) Treatments

(days of pre- infestation)

0.749^aц51.00 0.18^aц16.51

0.22^aц14.20 5.09 ц 0.21^b*

Control

1.807^bц47.03 0.36^aц15.47

0.25^bц13.53 0.16^bц5.44

2 days

1.807^bц43.70 0.36^aц14.45

0.31^cц12.51 0.14^bц5.52

4 days

1.642^cц25.42 0.40^bц10.84

0.26^dц8.90 0.17^aц6.10

6 days

1.181^dц20.38 0.20^cц9.00

0.23^eц7.34 0.20^aц6.5

8 days

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Table6. Analysis of variance of the effects of pre - infestatation of cucumber plants with melon aphid on the net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), mean generation time (T ), mean doubling time (DT) and finit rate of increaseʄ^.

Sources of variation df

MS

R0 r T DT ʄ

Cultivar 1 3073.0^** 0.051^** 0.001^ns 1.551^** 0.106^**

Prior- infestation 4 10663.4^** 0.124^** 1.356^ns 3.613^** 0.257^**

Cultivar× Pre r- infestation 4 82.2^ns 0.001^ns 1.495^ns 0.103^ns 0.002^ns

Error 316 34.9 0.002 1.130 0.055 0.004

Total 325

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(9)

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Table 7. Means (±) of the effects of pre - infestatation of cucumber plants with melon aphid on the gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), finit rate of increaseȜ and mean generation time (T) on Royal cultivar of cucumber.

ʄ T r

R0

GRR Treatments

278^b* 0ц138 0.028^a*ц 1.616

0.017^aц 0.480 74^a 2ц49.65

021^a* 1ц28 56 Control

296^b 0ц428 029^ab 0ц5711

018^b 0ц452 0 2.82^b*ц 44.95

011^b 1ц52.44 2 days

253^b 0ц678 023^b 0ц5371

014^b 0ц4310 56^b2ц41.90

706^c 0ц46.89 4 days

182^a 0ц539 018^d 0ц3641

013^d 0ц0.311 42^d 2ц2719

052^d 2ц1429 6 days

164^a 0ц599 015^c 0ц4221

011^c0ц3520 51^c 2ц3529

085^e 1ц83 37 8 days

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Table 8. Means (±) of the effects of pre - infestatation of cucumber plants with melon aphid on the gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (R₀), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), finit rate of increase Ȝ and mean generation time (T ) on Storm cultivar of cucumber.

Ȝ T R₀ r

GRR Treatments

275^a* 0ц198 0.028^a*ц 1.589

0.018^aц 0.463 74^a 2ц6344

708^a* 0ц63 51

Control

202^b 0ц309 018^b 0ц4871

012^b 0ц397 0 2.79^b*ц 39.99

979^b 0ц48.32

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646^c 1ц44.69

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012^c 0ц0.320 10^c 2ц6019

932^d 1ц7928

6 days

299^d 0ц469 022^d 0ц3131

017^d0ц2730 72^d 1ц2513

309^e 1ц61 22

8 days

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(10)

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