ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ŹŚŬºƃřŶ

(1)

Ñì ^{ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ}^{ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ} ^ƶƯŚƳ ëì éì ç èå æèíî

ŚſŚƴƃ ƾƿ ƣźƠţƁŹŚưƃƹ ƾ

ƺưƷƪĩƹ

ſ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƽ ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇ

ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ŹŚŬºƃřŶ

Hyphantria cunea (Lep.: Arctiidae)

īźºŝƹ

šƺºţŹřƺºų

Glyphodes pyloalis

(Lep.: Crambidae)

ſŹźŝƹ ƾ

ţ Őŧ ǀ ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷź ƾ

ƹŹ

I

ƽ řƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ

ōƿ Ŷ ƿ ŻƲ ƿ ŚŞ

Îƾƿ ƫǈūƩǈūƹ ƾ

Ŷƴſ

Ïƽ

ƹ *



Î ƵŚǀĭƵƹźĭ ƾĪƃżě

ƵŶĪƄƳřŵ ƽ ŻŹƹŚƄĩ ƽ

ƱřźƸţƵŚĮƄƳřŵ

ũźĩ

Ï ĭƵƹźĭ ǀ ƵŚ Īƃżě ƾ

ƵŶĪƄƳřŵ ƽ ŻŹƹŚƄĩ ƽ

ĭƵŚĮƄƳřŵ ǀ Ʊǈ

ŢƃŹ

ƾĪǀƳƹźŤĪƫřŢƀěšŚŞţŚĪƯƩƺŘƀƯ*

jjalali@guilan.ac.ir

Identification, differential and total count on haemocytes of Hyphantria cunea (Lep.: Arctiidae) and Glyphodes pyloalis (Lep.: Crambidae), and investigation on the effect of juvenile hormone I on these cells

I. Zibaee¹ and J. Jalali Sendi^2&*

1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 2. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

*Corresponding author, E-mail: jjalali@guilan.ac.ir

Īģ ǀ ƵŶ ƩƺƬſ ƾƳƺųƽŚƷ ƩŚŝƹŵ Ĩƫƺě ºŝŹřŵ ƶ ƭŚºƳ ŚºƷ ƽ Hyphantria cunea (Drury) ƹ

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker ºŝ

ƶ

ſƹ ǀ ƶƬ ƽ Ư ǀ ŹƺƳęƺĪſƹźĪ ƽ

ſŹźŝŵŹƺƯ ƾ ŢƟźĭŹřźƣ ƶƳƺĭźƷŻř

Ó ſƺưƷƕƺƳ ǀ ƇƺţŽŚſřźŝŢ ǀ

ŚſŚƴƃƖŝŚƴƯƞ ƾƿ

ƶĩŶƃ

ŻřŶƴţŹŚŞƗ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ ſƺţŚưſǈěŢ ǀ

ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŢ ǀ

Ţ ſƺƳƺŗř ǀ ſƺƫƹźƠſřŢ ǀ

ŵōƹŢ ƿĜ ſƺưƷƺ ǀ Ţ ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ īźŝŹŵŚƷ Źřƺºų

Ĩģƺĩšƺţ

ſƺưƷŻřźţ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƽ ƶƳřƹźě ƽ Ơſ ǀ řƹƵŵƺŝŹŚŬƃřŶ ƿ

šƹŚƠţƲ ŝŚƷ ƶ ƹƿ ſƺưƷƹźěŹŵƵĦ ǀ

Ţ ºſƺƫƹźƠſřƹŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ŻřŚºƷ

ŝŭƺƋƹ ǀ źŤƄ ƽ źŝ ŵƺŝŹřŵŹƺų ƣźƠţƁŹŚưƃ ƾ

ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭƶĩŵřŵƱŚƄƳŚƷ ǀ

ƺţŚưºſǈěƹŢ

ºſ ǀ ŵŢ ŻřƶºƳƺĭƹŵźºƷŹ

ƱřƹřźƟ źţ ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŵƺŝŚƷ ŶƳ ƶŝƶĩ ţźţ ǀ Ŝ ÏÔ ƹ ÏÐ řźŝŶƇŹŵ ƽ īźŝ ƹšƺţŹřƺų ÏÕ

ƹ ÐÓ řźŝŶƇŹŵ ƽ ƶƳřƹźě ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ŹŚŬºƃřŶ

ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ ſƺưƷƪĩƁŹŚưƃ ǀ

Ţ ƳŚƷ ǀ ſŹźŝŵŹƺƯż ƾ

īźºŝƹŹǇŹŵƶĩŢƟźĭŹřźƣ

šƺºţŹřƺºų ÍÕÎ

Í t ÎÕÍÍ ƹŹǇŹŵƹ

ƶƳřƹźě ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬƃřŶ ÑÎÐ t ÍÐ ÐÍÎÐ ƩƺƬſ Ư ǀƬ ƾ ƱƺųŜƘĪƯźŤƯ

ŵƺŝ ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷ ƾ

I (JH I) ŢƔƬƛŹŵ ÍÍÑ Í Ưǀ ƹźĪ źŤǀƫ

řŻřƶŝ ƽ ƹŹǇźƷ

řƲưƋ ƿ ƜţŵŚŬ ǀ ŹŚŤųŚſšřź ƽ ƮƸƯƩƺƬſƹŵŹŵ ƿ

ƴƘ ƾ ſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ Ţ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭƹŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ

ƴƘƯƂƷŚĩ ƾ Źřŵ ƽ

ƱōƁŹŚưƃŹŵ

řŶƷŚƃƶŝŢŞƀƳŚƷ ƿ

ŵźĩŵŚŬ

ƬĩƱŚĭĥřƹ ǀŶ ƽ Hyphantria cunea

Glyphodes pyloalis

ƩŚŝ Ĩƫƺě ƱřŹřŵ

ƩƺƬſ ƾƳƺųƽŚƷ

ƾƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷ Abstract

Haemocytes of two lepidoptrans Hyphantria cunea (Drury) and Glyphodes pyloalis Walker were studied using light microscopy. Based on available literature, six types of haemocytes were recognized of each species: prohaemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, oenocyte, spherulocyte and adipohaemocyte. In general, haemocytes in G. pyloalis were smaller than those of H. cunea. This difference were quiet obvious in prohaemocytes and spherulocytes. Differential haemocyte counts showed the granulocytes and plasmatocytes to be the most abundant haemocytes and were recorded 27 and 23 percent for G. pyloalis, and also 28 and 36 percent for H. cunea, respectively. Total haemocyte count were also worked out that was 1800 ± 0.081 cells/mm³ for G. pyloalis and 3013.3 ± 413 cells/mm³ for H. cunea. While bringing

ŢƟŚƿŹŵ æê ë æèíí ƁźƿŸě

çì ææ æèíí

(2)

ÑÕ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƾƿŚſŚƴƃ ŢǀſƺưƷƪƧƹƾƣźƠţƁŹŚưƃƹ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

about major structural changes to important cell types i.e. plasmatocytes and granulocytes, the juvenile hormone I (JH I) in 0.004 ìL/Larva on topical application induced significant changes in total and differential counts compared to controls.

Key words: Hyphantria cunea, Glyphodes pyloalis, Lepidoptera, haemocytes, juvenile hormone

ƶƯŶƤƯ ƶƬưůźŝřźŝŹŵšřźƄů

ƽ ŝƪƯřƺƗ ǀ ŹŚư ƽ ŻřŹŚěƹřŻ ƿ

ŗƺŤ ǀŶ ƂƴĩřƹŻřŚƷ

ŚƷ ƽ ƗŚƟŵ ƾ ƫƺƬſ ƾ ƹ

Ƴƺºų ƾ ºƯƵŵŚƠŤºſř ƾ

Ŷºƴƴĩ Ƃƴºĩřƹ ŚºƷ ƽ ƳƺºųƕŚºƟŵ ƾ

ƫƺţƪƯŚºƃ ºǀ

ŤĜěŶ ºǀ ŚƷŶ ƽ źŤĩŚºŝŶºƋ ƽ

(Lowenberger, 2001)

ĩźţ

ǀ ƀĩřšŚŞ ǀ ƳĦ ƾ Ƴƹ ǀ ƳĥƹźŤ ƾ Ƃƴĩřƹ řŻ

(Bogdan et al., 2000)

ƹ ſǀ ƮŤƀ

ƪººƴƟƹźě ƀººĩř ǀ ƹŵŚººƤƘƳřƶººĩŻřŶ ººƿ

ƳǈƯŚ ǀ ººſřż ǀ ººƔƴţřŹƞººƴƫƺưƷƱƺ ǀ

ººƯƮ ƾ ººƯŶººƴĩ ƾ ŶººƃŚŝ

(Gillespie et al., 1997; Kanost et al., 2004)

ŝƪƯřƺƗ ǀ ŹŚºư ƽ řŻ ƽ źŤĩŚºŝŶºƴƳŚƯĨºģƺĩ ƽ

ƹŚºƷ

ġŹŚƣ ľŚƯƺưƗŚƷ ſƎſƺţ ǀ

ƗŚƟŵƮŤƀ ƾ Ƴƺų ƾ ƿ ſƺĭŚƟŚ ǀ ƩƺƬſŻƺŤ ŚºƷ ƽ Ƴƺºų ƾ ºŝŻř ǀ ºƯƲ ƾ ŶºƳƹŹ

ƫŚůŹŵ ƾ ŻřŹŚěƶºĩ ºƿ Ţ ŻřŹŚěŶºƴƳŚƯŚºƷ ƿ

ŗƺŤ ºǀ Ŷ ƶƫƺƀºĜĩŚºŝŚƷŶºţŚưƳƹŚºƷ

ºŝŻřƱŶºƃ ǀ

ºƯƲ ƾ ŶºƳƹŹ

(Tepass et al., 1994)

ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ ƽ ƵźƸƯžĪƗźŝšřźƄůƱƺų

ƄƤƳƱřŹřŵ ƾ ƀĩřƩŚƤŤƳřŹŵ ǀ

ŶƳŹřŶƳƱĦ

ſŚſřƂƤƳŚƯř ƾ

ſŹŵ ǀ řƮŤƀ ƿ ƴư ƾ Ʊō ŶºƳŹřŵŚƷ

(Tepass et al., 1994; Falleiros & Gregorio, 1995)

ƩƺƬſ ŢƿŻřŹŚěŚƷźĭŹŚưǀŝźŝřźŝŹŵšřźƄůƕŚƟŵƾƿŚƳřƺţƾƳƺųƽŚƷ

ƪƯřƺƗźƿŚſƹŚƷ ƶƧƾūŹŚų

ƾƯƪſƺưƷŵŹřƹ

ŶƳŹřŵřŹŶƳƺƃ

ƂƴƧřƹƲƿř

ſƺĭŚƟƎſƺţƾƗŚƟŵƽŚƷ ǀ

ŻƺŤ ƶƫƺƀĜĩ

ƱŚưūŚƸƯƱŵźĩ

Ưźţ ǀ ŢůřźūƮ

ĪƄţ

ǀ ƾƯƮǀƔƴţŵŚƤƘƳřƹƵźĭƪ

ƺƃ ŶƳ

(Bogdan et al., 2000; Lowenberger, 2001)

řƿ ƩƺƬſƲ řŹřŵŚƷ ƽ ƫŚƘƟƹƩŚĪƃř ǀ

ŶƴŤƀƷƕƺƴŤƯŢ

(Gupta, 1985; Schmidit et al., 2001)

ƪƨºƃ

źƷŚƓ ƽ ƩƺƬſƲƿř

ƾƯźǀǀƜţƵźƄůƦƿŹŵźĮƿŵƱŚƯŻƶŝƾƳŚƯŻŻřŚƷ

ŢſřƲƨưƯƱōƪƨƃƹŶƴƧ

ŢǀŞŨţƱŚƿźūŹŵ

ƹƽżǀƯōĬƳŹ

ƖưūƪůřźƯźƿŚſ

ƶǀƸţƹƽŹƹō

ƽ Ʊō ŶƿŚưƳźǀǀƜţŚƷ

ƁƹŹ ƽŚºƷ

ƹƂƿŚƯŻō

ƶƤŞƏ ƩƺƬſƽŶƴŝ

ŻƺƴƷƾƳƺųƽŚƷ

ƶƤŞƏƹƵŶƄƳŵŹřŶƳŚŤſř

ƽŶƴŝ ƹŚƷ ƪĪƃ ŚƷ ƽ ƾƠƬŤŴƯ

Żř ō Ʊ ŢſřƵŶǀſŹęŚģƶŝŚƷ

(Nation, 2002)

Śţ Ʊƺƴĩ Ô ƳƺųƩƺƬſƕƺƳ ƾ

ƞºƬŤŴƯšřźƄůŻř

ŚſŚƴƃƪĪƃŽŚſřźŝ ƾƿ

ƵŶƃ ŻřŶƴţŹŚŞƗƶĩŶƳř

ºſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

ºſƺţŚưſǈěŢ ǀ

ºſƺƫƺƳřźĭŢ ǀ

Ţ

ººſƺƳƺŗř ǀ

Ţ źƠſř ƹ ººſƺƫ ǀ ŵōŢ ƿ ººſƺưƷƺĜ ǀ

ººſƺƫƺĭōƺĩƹŢ ǀ

Ţ

(Jones, 1979; Gupta, 1985;

Brehelin & Zachary, 1986)

ŚſŚƴƃ ƾƿ ſŹźŝƹ ƾ ƳřƹřźƟ ƾ řƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ƯŚƷ ƾ ƯŚĭŶƳřƺţ ƾ ŹŵŢƀŴƳ

ŹŚĩŢųŚƴƃ ō

ƾƿ ƹ ƿ ōŹŚĩƭŶƗŚ ƾƿ

ŞƏƱŚƴưƃŵ ǀƘ

ƾ ƵźƄůƹ Ƃĩ ŚƷ ƽ Ư ǀ ŝƹźĪ ƾ żŤƴºſ

ƽ ƹ ºƿ ŚºŝŚ

ƄƴƯ Ő ĭ ǀ ƷŚ ƾ ŶƃŚŝ řŹŵ ƿ ſŹźŝƲ ƾ

ƵźƄůƹŵ

ƽ ĭƱŚŤſřƮƸƯŢƟō ǀ

ƹšƺţŢųŹŵƶŝƶĩƱǈ ºƿ

Ś

(3)

ƶƯŚƳ ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ

ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ èå

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÑÖ

ƛƱŚŤųŹŵƶŝ ǀ

ŨƯź źư

Śſ ƿƶ ƬĮƴūƹŻřŶƳř ƾ

ƯŵŹřƹšŹŚƀų ƾ

ƴĩ ƴŶ

ŵŚƈŤƣřƁŻŹřƹ ƽ

ŶƳŹřŵƱřƹřźƟ

ŢƟźĭŹřźƣƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯ

ƶƳřƹźě ƽ īźºŝĨºģƺĩ

šƺºţŹřƺºų

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker

Żř

ƇŚƈŤųřšŚƟō ƾ

źƐųƹ řźºŝƹŢſřšƺţħŚƳ ƽ

ºƫƹř ǀ Ʋ ƩŚºſŹŵŹŚºŝ ÎÐÕÎ

ºĭƱŚŤºſřŹŵ ǀ

Ʊǈ

ŶƃƵŶƷŚƄƯ

(Jafari Khaljiri et al., 2006)

ƶƳřƹźě ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ŹŚŬºƃřŶ

Hyphantria cunea (Drury)

ƫƹř ǀ Ʋ ĭƱŚŤſřŻřŹŚŝ ǀ

ƱŚŤƀŝŚţŹŵƱǈ ÎÐÕÎ

ŶƃƁŹřżĭ źºƋŚůƩŚºůŹŵƹ

Źŵ ÎÎ ƹƱŚŤºſźƸƃ ÏÕÒ

ŚŤſƹŹ ƽ ĭƱŚŤſř ǀ Ʊǈ ŵŹřŵŢǀƫŚƘƟ ř

ºƿ ŝŢºƟōƲ ºǀ źŤƄ ƿ ƶºƴƯřŵƲ ƽ Ưǀ ƳŚºŝż ƾ ºŝŹŵřŹ ǀ ŵŹřŵšřźƄºůƲ

ƶŝ ƽŹƺƏ ƶƧ ŚƷƹŹǇ ƽ ŻřƱō ÓÏÓ ƶƳƺĭ ƽ ĭ ǀ ƷŚ ƾ ŸƜţ ƿ Ưƶ ƾ Ŷƴĩ

.(Rezaei et al., 2004)

ƶºƨƴƿřƪºǀƫŵƶŝ

ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ſŹŵ ǀ řƮŤƀ ƿ ƴư ƾ řƂƤƳƵźƄů ƿ

ƯŚƠ ƾ ƹŶƴƴĩ ō Ʊ ŽźŤºſřźºŝřźŝŹŵřŹŚºƷ

ŚºƷ ƽ

ƃŚƳ ƾ ŰƯŻř ǀ ƹƎ ƿ ƃƭƺưſŚ ǀư

ǀŚ ƾƿ Ưƹ ǀ ŝƹźĪ ƾ ƯŢƔƟŚŰƯ ƾ

ŚưƳ ƿ Ŷƴ

ſŹźŝřŸƫ ƾ řŢųŚƴƃƹ ºƿ

Ʋ

ƩƺƬſ ƯŚƷ ƾ ƯƭŚĭŶƳřƺţ Œ

źŧ ƽ ŶƘŝšŚƘƫŚƐƯŹŵ ƽ

ōśŚƀůƶŝ ƿŶ

ŚţŵƺūƺƯƖŝŚƴƯŽŚſřźŝ

Ʊƺºƴĩ

ƃŹřżĭ ƾ ƩƺƬſŻř ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ƶƳƺĭƹŵƲƿř ŵŹřŶƳŵƺūƹ

ƱƺƯŹƺƷ ŚƷ ƽ Ƴřƺū ƾ

(JHs)

ƃźƔƳŻř ǀư

ǀŚ ƾƿ ƲěźţƺĪƀſƶŝ

ƭŚƀºūřƎºſƺţƹŶƳŹřŵƢƬƘţŚƷ

ŚţǇō ƽ ƯŮƃźţšřźƄů ƾ

ŶƳƺƃ ƱƺƯŹƺƷ ƾƳřƺū ľǇƺưƘƯ ƶŝ Ūƴě ƞƬŤŴƯšřźƄůŹŵƪĪƃ ŵ

ƿ ƵŶ

Ư ƾ ŻřŶƴţŹŚŞƗƶĩŵƺƃ

JH 0

JH I JH II

JH III

řƹ ƿ ƭźƟƹż JH 0 (Nation, 2002)

ř ƿ ƱƺƯŹƺƷƲ

ŚƷ

ƔƴţŹŵ ǀ ŵźĭŵƮ ƿ ƀ ƾ

Ƙţ ǀǀ ŢſŚĩƲ

ŹŚŤƟŹ

ŵ ƿ ŻƺěŚ

Ƭě ƾ Ɵǀƴ ºǀ Ƃƴºĩřƹƹƭż

ŚºƷ ƽ ƗŚºƟŵ ƾ ŢĩŹŚƄºƯ

ŶƳŹřŵ

(Kim et al., 2008)

ƬƗ ƾ ŝšŚƘƫŚƐƯƮƛŹ ǀ

ŹŚưƄ ƽ ƂºƤƳŵŹƺºƯŹŵƶºĩ ƀºŝŹŵJHs

ǀ ŹŚ ƽ Żř

ƫŚƘƟ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƽ źĩŷ ƵŶƃ

ŢſřƶŤƟźĭšŹƺƇ ƫƹ

ƾ ƶŝ ƱōƂƤƳ ƩƺƬſŹŵŚƷ

ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ Ƃƴĩřƹƹ ŚƷ ƽ

ƗŚƟŵ ƾ ƴŤŞƯ ƾ ſƺưƷźŝ ǀ

Ţ ŝƺųƶŝŚƷ ƾ

ƶūƺţ ŢſřƵŶƄƳ

Żř ō ŚºŬƳ ƾƿ ºſƺưƷƶºĩ ǀ

Ţ ŚºƷ

ºŝ ƶ ƹ ºƿ ƵĦ

ſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ ºſƺƫƺƳřźĭƹŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ŚºƷ

řźºŝ ƽ ºţřŷƕŚºƟŵ ƾ

ŝƪºƯřƺƗźºŝřźŝŹŵƵźƄºů ǀ

ŹŚºư ƽ ƹřŻ

ŻřŹŚě ƿ ŗƺŤ ǀ ưƷřżŗŚůŚƷŶ ǀ

ƯŢ ƾ ŶƴƃŚŝ

(Kwon & Kim, 2007)

ſŹźŝřŸƫ ƾ ƪƯřƺƗ ƳƺƯŹƺƷ ƾ ƂƤƳƹ

Ʊō ſƺưƷƂƴĩřƹŹŵŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ŝƪƯřƺƗƶŝŚƷ ǀ

ŹŚư ƽ ŻřŹŚěƹřŻ ƿ ŗƺŤ ǀŶ ºƯŚƷ ƾ ŶºƃŚŝƶºūƺţŵŹƺºƯŶºƳřƺţ

ſŹźŝ ƾ ŹżţŚŝƶĩŢſřƵŵřŵƱŚƄƳŚƷ ƿ

Ƣ ƶºŝJH

Tenebrio molitor L.

źƟ ōƿ ƶƫƺƀºĜĩŶºƴ

ŹŵƱŵźºĩ

ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ºƯƂƷŚĩ ƾ

ƿ ŶºŝŚ

(Khafagi & Hegazi, 2001; Rantala et al., 2003)

ƿ ºĪ ƾ ŵŹřƺºƯŻř

ōŹŚĩƭŶƗƶŝƍƺŝźƯ ƾƿ

ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ưūŚºƸƯźŝřźŝŹŵŚƷ ǀ

Ʋ

řŵřŶºƘţŹŵƂƷŚºĩ ºƿ

ƩƺƬºſƲ ƹŚºƷ ºƿ Ś

(4)

ÒÍ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

Ɯţ ǀ ĥƺƫƺƟźƯšřź ƿĪ

ƾ ūŹŚųŵřƺƯźŧřŹŵ ƾ

ƯŵŹřƹƵźƄůƱŶŝƶŝƶĩŢſř ƾ

ŵƺƃ ºſŹźŝ ƾ źºƋŚů

řƿ ƶŞƴūƹŵƲ

ƽ ſƺưƷƮƸƯ ǀ

Ţ ţŢŰţřŹŚƷ Őŧǀ

ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷź ƾ

ŻŹřŵŹƺƯ ƿŝŚ

ƾ ƯŹřźƣ ƾ ŶƷŵ

ƁƹŹƹŵřƺƯ

ŚƷ ƮŴţ ŚƷ ƽ ƵźƄůƹŵ

ƽ ŵŹƺƯ ƹŹŻřƶƘƫŚƐƯ ƽ

īźŝ ŚƷ ƽ šƺţƱŚŤųŹŵƵŵƺƫō

Ɩºưū Źƹō ƽ Źŵƹ

řźƃŚŝšřźƄůƁŹƹźěơŚţř ƿ

ŚƯŵƎ ƾƿ Î t ÏÒ ƶºūŹŵ ƽ

ŽƺǀƀºƬǀſ

ŢºŝƺƏŹ ƾŞƀºƳ Ò t ÓÒ

ŶƇŹŵ ƵŹƹŵƹ ƽ ŹƺƳ ƽ ÎÍ ÎÑ Źřźƣ ŶƳŶƃƵŵřŵ

źƠţŻřžěŚƷƹŹǇ ƿ

īźŝŚŝŲ ŚƷ ƽ ƵŻŚºţ ƽ šƺºţ

ŸƜţ ƿ ŶƳŶƃƶ

ŚƷƹŹǇ ƽ Ï ƵŻƹŹ ƽ ſŹźŝŢƸūƮŬƴěƲſ ƾ

ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ŶƳŶƃśŚŴŤƳřŚƷ

řźŝ ƽ ºſŹźŝźƷ ƾ

ŵřŶƘţ Ò ƸţŻřƪŞƣƹśŚŴŤƳřƹŹǇŵŶƗ ǀƶ

ƽ šŶƯƶŝƭǇ Ò

ƣŵ ǀ ƱƹŹŵźƐƤƯśōƪųřŵƶƤ ƿ

źƄŝĨ

ƶƐƤƳƶŝƶĩ

ƽ ÓÍ ƶūŹŵ ƽ ŽƺǀƀƬǀſ

ſŹ ǀ ŵƺŝƵŶ

ŶƳŶƃƵŵřŵŹřźƣ

ƖƐƣŚŝžĜſ ƿ

ºĪ ƾ ŚºƷŚěŻř ƽ

ưĪƃ ƾ

ƿ ƹŹƹũřźŴŤſřƞưƫƺưƷƵźƐƣĨ ƽ

ƿ ưţƭǇĨ ǀ

ŶƃƵŵřŵŹřźƣż

ŵƭǇĨºưĩƶºŝ ƿ

źºĮ

ƿ ǇĨ ƿƶ ƽ ƸţħŻŚƳ ǀ šŶƯƶŝƹƶ ÎÍ

ƣŵ ǀ řźƃŹŵƶƤ ƿ

ŚƯŻōƎ ƿ ľǈƯŚºĩŚţŶƃƵŵřŵŹřźƣƵŚĮƄ ĨƄºų

ŵƺƃ ĬƳŹžĜſ ÎÍ

ƣŹŹŚŝ ǀ Ƣ ƵŶƃ ƽ ĭ ǀ ƁƹŹŚŝƶĩŚƀư

Yeager (1945)

Ƹţ ǀ ŵƺºŝƵŶºƃƶ

řźºŝ ƽ

ĬººƳŹ Ưō ººǀ ż ƽ šŶººƯƶººŝ ÏÍ

ƣŵ ǀ ƹŹƶººƤ ƽ ŶººƃƵŵřŵŹřźººƣƭǇ

ƕŚŞººƃřƩƺººƬŰƯŻřžĜººſ

ƵŶººƃ ƽ

ƫǀŤ ǀ ƭƺ ŚưţŢƸūšŚƴŝźĩ ƿ

ſƹƶŤƀƷĬƳŹż ǀ

ŚƸƳƹŶºƃƵŵŚƠŤſřƮſǈěƺŤ ƿ

ľŚºŤ ƭǇ ŚºŝŚºƷ ō źºƐƤƯś

ƱƹōŹŵƹƵŶƃƺƄŤƀƃ ÑÍ

ƶūŹŵ ƽ ŽƺǀƀƬǀſ ŶƳŶƃĨƄų

ƭǇ ƽŚƷ ƳŚĩŹŵƮŗřŵ ƸţƭřżƫŚŝřŵŚ

ºǀ ƶ

Ŷƃ ŶƳ řźŝƹ ƽ ŶƴŤƟźĭŹřźƣƵŵŚƠŤſřŵŹƺƯƶƘƫŚƐƯ

ŚſŚƴƃŢƸū ƾƿ

ƣźƠţƁŹŚưƃƹ ƾ

ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ

ŵřŶƘţ ÏÍÍ ŻřƩƺƬſ Ñ

ƶƃƺĭ ƽ ŚſŚƴƃƭǇ ƾƿ

ŢŞŧƩƹŶūŹŵƹƁŹŚưƃ ƿŵźĭ

Ŷ ƩƺƬſźƐƣ

ƶŞſŚŰƯźŤƯƹźƨǀƯŜƀůźŝŚƷ ƹ

ƹŚƈºţ ƿ ŻřƭŻǇź

ƩƺƬſ ƳŚƷ ǀ Ƹţż ǀ Ŷƃƶ ƽřźŝ ſŹźŝ ƾ ƪĩƁŹŚưƃ ſƺưƷ

ǀ Ţ ŚƷ

ƿ ºĪ ƾ ŚºƷŚěŻř ƽ ưĪºƃ ƾ ƹƖºƐƣ

ěƪųřŵƶŝƞưƫƺưƷ ǀ

ŚƯƺţŢĜ ěǀ ƩƺºŞƬĭƁŹŚưƃƅƺƈŴƯŢĜ

ŚºƷ ƽ Ơºſ ǀŶ ƶºūŹŵŚºţ ƽ Ò Í

řŶƷ ƿ ŶƃŢ źŝƺţƩƺƬŰƯŚŝžĜſ

řƿ źĮ

(Tauber & Yeager, 1934)

ƶºūŹŵŶºůŚţ

ƽ ÎÎ ěǀ ŢºĜ

ƣŹ ǀ Ƣ ƿŵźĭ Ŷ ě ǀ řźŝŢĜ ƽ Ŷƴģ ƿ ƳŚĪţƶŞţźƯƲ ǀ

ƵźƐƣƶſƹƵŶ

ƽ ŹŹƹŵƩƹř ƿ

ƶŤŴ Ŷƃ ƩƺºƬŰƯžĜſ

ŻřźſŹŚŝƺŘƳƭǇŹŵ ƿ

ſƺưƷƹź ǀ

Ţ ŹŵŚƷ Ñ ƹƶƃƺĭ ƿ

ƶƤƐƴƯĨ ƽ żĩźƯ ƽ

ŵŚºƘŝřƶºŝƭřŶºĩźºƷ Î

(5)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÒÎ

Ưǀ Ƭ ƾ ƖŝźƯźŤƯ

ŶƃƁŹŚưƃ

ſƺưƷŵřŶƘţ ǀ

Ţ ƯŹŵƩƺƬſŜƀůźŝŚƷ ǀƬ

ƾ ŜƘĪƯźŤƯ ŽŚºſřźŝƹ

ƩƺƯźƟ

Jones (1962)

ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ

ƳřƺººūƱƺººƯŹƺƷ ƾ

řŹŵƵŵŚƠŤººſřŵŹƺººƯ ººƿ

ŚººƯŻōƲ ƿ ººƟƹźěƎººſƺţƂ Źƺƀ

Sláma

ŤƀººƳřŻř ǀ ƺŤ

ƵźƄů ſŚƴƃ ƾ ŹƺƸưū ƽ ŤųřŹŵĨģ ǀ

ŢƟźĭŹřźƣŚƯŹŚ

ƣŹƱƺŤºſřŚŝŹƺĩŸƯƱƺƯŹƺƷ ºǀ

ƹŶºƃƢ

ƺţŢƔƬƛ Ƈ ǀƶ ƵŶƃ ƽ ÍÍÑ Í Ư ǀ ƹźĪ ƯŹŵƭźĭ ǀ ƫƹźĪ ǀ řŻřƶŝźŤ ƽ ƹŹƹŹǇźƷ ƽ

ĥźţ ƿ ưĪƃŢ ƾ ºŝ ƶ

ƵźƐƣšŹƺƇ

ŹřŸĭ ƽ ŝ ƶ ŢºƟŹŹŚĩ

Sláma

ƈºŴƃšŚºŞţŚĪƯ ƾ

šřźƄºů ƱƺŤºſřƎºƤƟŶƷŚºƃ

Źŵ ƿ ŢƟŚ ŶƳŵźĩ Żřžě ÔÏ ŢƗŚſ

ºſŹźŝŢºƸūŚƷƹŹǇ ƾ

ŚºƷ ƽ ĥƺºƫƺƟźƯ ƿĪ

ƾ ºſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ƹŚºƷ

ŶƴŤƟźĭŹřźƣƵŵŚƠŤſřŵŹƺƯǇŚŝƁƹŹŽŚſřźŝƁŹŚưƃ

ţǀ ŚƷƹŹǇŹŚư

ƽ ŚŝƵźƄůƹŵ

JH I

ľǈƯŚĩŭźƏŜƫŚƛŹŵ ƟŵŚƈţ

ƾ Śŝ Ð ŵřŶºƘţŚºŝƹŹřźĪţ ÎÍ

řźŝƵźƄů ƽ ŚŝƹŹřźĪţźƷ ƿ

ŶºƃƭŚºŬƳřŶƷŚºƃƵƹźĭĨ

ƫŚºƳō ǀ Ƶŵřŵż ƭźºƳŢºŰţŚºƷ

ŹřżºƟř SAS

(SAS Institute, 1996)

ŚƤƯƹ ƿ ƶƀ ƽ Ư ǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ Ʋ ĩƺţƱƺƯŻōŚŝŚƷ ƾ

ŮƐſŹŵ Ò

ŶƃƭŚŬƳřŶƇŹŵ

ŚŤƳ ƿ ŦŰŝƹŪ ƇƺţŽŚſřźŝ ǀ

ƎſƺţƵŶƃƶŗřŹřƞ

Jones (1967)

Ƃƃ ſƺưƷƕƺƳ ǀ

ŚſŚƴƃŢ ƾƿ

Ŷºƃ Ƶř ŶºƳ

ŻřŶººƴţŹŚŞƗƶººĩ

ººſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

Ţ

ººſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ

ººſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ

Ţ

ººſƺƳƺŗř ǀ Ţ

ſř ººſƺƫƹźƠ ǀ ƹŢ

ŵō ƿĜ ſƺưƷƺ ǀ Ţ ƹźě ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ Ĩģƺĩ źţ ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ƩƺƬſƹšřźƄů

ŚƷ ƽ Śě ºƿ ƶř ƽ ƹ

ƴŝǀ ŵŚ ƽ

(stem cell)

Ư ƾ ŶƴƃŚŝ

ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ř ºƿ ƩƺƬºſƲ ƀºƤţŚºƷ ǀ ƜţƹƮ ºǀǀ ƵŵřŵƪĪºƃź

ƶºƬůźƯŹŵƹ

ƽ

žě ƴū ǀƴ ƾ

Śſ ƿ ƩƺƬſź ƱōŻřŚƷ ƄºƴƯŚƷ Ő ºƯ ƾ ĭǀ ŶºƳź ř ºƿ řƲ ºƿ źƤţƵŶ ƿ ľŚºŞ ƶºĩŢºſřƩƺºŞƣŵŹƺºƯ

źě ſƺưƷƹ ǀ Ţ ƏŚƷ ƾ Śưţ ƿ ſƺţŚưſǈěƶŝż ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ

ſƺưſǈěƹ ǀ

Ţ ƳŚƷ ǀ ºſƺƫƺƳřźĭƶŝż ǀ

Ţ ŶºŞţŚºƷ ƿ ƪ

Ư ƾ ŶƳƺƃ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ

Ţ ƳŚƷ ǀ ƶŝƺƳƶŝż ƽ Śſƶŝŵƺų ƿ

ƩƺƬſź ŚºưţŚºƷ ƿ ºƯż ƾ ƿ ŶºƴŝŚ

(Nation, 2002)

ŢǀſƺưƷƹźě

ŚƷ ƶŤƀƷ ƽ ƶĩŶƳŹřŵīŹżŝ ÔÍ

Śţ ÕÍ ƯƩŚƜƃřřŹƩƺƬſŶƇŹŵ ƾ

ŚưƳ ƿ ƶŝƹŶ ō ŢƬƗƱ

ſƶĩ ƩƺƬ ŚƷ ƽ ƴŝ ǀ ŵŚ ƽ ƯśƺƀŰƯ ƾ

ŶƳƺƃ

ƷŹŵ ǀ Ģ ƿ ƂƴºĩřƹŻřĨ

ŚºƷ ƽ řƿ ºƴư ƾ ƫƺƬºſ ƾ Ţĩźºƃ

ưƳ ƾ ľǇƺưƘƯŶƴƴĩ ŢĩźůŶƣŚƟ

ƷƹźĭšŹƺƇƶŝŵŹřƺƯŜƫŚƛŹŵƹŶƳř ƾ

ŵ ºƿ ºƯƵŶ ƾ ŶƳƺºƃ ƂºƤƳ

ƬƇř ƾ řƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ƫƺţŚƷ ǀ ŚſŶ ƿ ƩƺƬſź ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ƯšřźƄůŹŵ ƾ

ŶƃŚŝ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ Ţ ƤŰţŹŵŚƷ ǀ

Ƣ

ƳźƋŚů ǀ źƘţƢŝŚƐƯż ƿ

ƺƟƞ ŚƤƯŹŵơ ƿ ŚºſŚŝƶƀ ƿ

ƩƺƬºſź řŹřŵŚºƷ ƽ ƵŻřŶºƳř ƽ ƀºŝ ǀ ƹĨºģƺĩŹŚ

(6)

ÒÏ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƶŤƀƷ ƽ ŵƺŝƆŴƄƯ ŶƳ

ŻƮŬůƶŤƀƷƶĩ ƿ

ŵŚ ƽ ƶŤƟźĭźŝŹŵřŹƩƺƬſŻř ŵƺŝ

źºƐƣ ºſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

Ţ

ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇŹŵ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬƃřŶ ÔÖ Í t Ò Ô īźŝŹŵƹ

šƺţŹřƺų ÓÎ

Í t Ñ Ư ǀ ƶŞºſŚŰƯźŤƯƹźĪ

Ŷƃ ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ Î ƹ ç

ƩƹŶū Î ƳřƹřźƟ ƾ ř ºƿ ƩƺƬºſƲ ŚºƷ ƶºƳřƹźěƹŹǇŹŵ

ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ƹŹŚŬºƃřŶ

īźŝ šƺţŹřƺų

ƶŝ ţźţ ǀ Ŝ Ò ƹ Ô ŶƇŹŵ ƺŝ ŵ ƩƹŶū Î ƹźě ſƺưƷ ǀ ƶƳřƹźěŹŵŢ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬºƃřŶ

řŹřŵ ƽ ƶŤƀƷ ř ƽ źƤţ ƿľŚŞ ŝǀ ƺƌ ƽ ưĩƹ ƾ īŹżŝ īźŝƭźĩƶŝŢŞƀƳźţ

šƺţŹřƺų

Ţſř ţŹƺƇŹŵ ƾ ƶĩ

ƬĩƪĪƃƹƶŤƀƷ ƾ

ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

īźŝƭźĩŹŵŢ

ƯŚĩšƺţŹřƺų ľǈ

Ưŵźĭ ƾ ŶƃŚŝ

ſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ ºưƔƴƯƪĪƃƞƬŤŴƯšřźƄůŹŵŚƷ ƾ

ƶºƳƺĭŹŵƹŶºƳŹřŶƳ

ŚºƷ ƽ ƹƞºƬŤŴƯ

ƪĪƃƶŝƞƬŤŴƯƽŶƃŹƪůřźƯ

ŚƷ ƽ ƾºƯƵŶºƿŵƾƠƬŤŴƯ

ƱōƶºŝŢºƬƗƲǀºưƷƶºŝƶºĩŶƳƺºƃ

ŚºƷ

polymorphic cells

ƾƯƶŤƠĭ ŵƺƃ ƩƺƬſƲƿřźƋŚůƢǀƤŰţŹŵ

ŝƶƳƺĭƹŵźƷŹŵŚƷ ƶ

ƾºĩƹŵƪĪƃ

ƷƹŶƃƵŶƷŚƄƯ ƶŤƀ

ƵźºƿřŵƹƆŴƄºƯƹŮºƋřƹŹŚǀƀºŝżºǀƳƩƺƬºſƽ

ƽř ŵƺºŝƪĪºƃ

ŢºǀưƷř

ƪĪºƃ ƽŚºƷ Ñ Î Î ŢǀºſƺưƷƹźě (P)

Źŵ

H. cunea

Ï ŹŵŢǀºſƺưƷƹźě

G. pyloalis

Ð

ŢǀºººſƺţŚưſǈě (PL)

Źŵ

H. cunea

Ñ ŢǀºººſƺţŚưſǈě Źŵ

G. pyloalis

īŹżŝ ƾƿŚưƳ ÎÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 1-4. 1. Prohaemocytes (P) in H. cunea, 2. prohaemocytes in G. pyloalis, 3. plasmatocytes (Pl) in H. cunea, 4. plasmatocytes in G. pyloalis (1000 X).

(7)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÒÐ

ƩƹŶū Î źƐƣ Ư ǀ ƹźĪ źŤƯ

Ưǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ Ʋ t

SE ŶƇŹŵƹ ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ŚºƷ ƽ ƹŹǇ Ï ƵŻƹŹ ƽ ƮŬƴºěƲºſ

ƶƳřƹźě ƽ Ơſ ǀ īźŝƹŹŚŬƃřŶ

šƺţŹřƺų

Table 1. The width (micrometer, mean ± SE) of different haemocytes of 2-days old 5^th larval instars of H. cunea and G. pyloalis and their relative percentage.

A S

OE G

PL P

Insect

0.79

10.0

(8%) 0.5

10.5

(19%) 0.61

11.0

(3%) 0.79

5.0

(28%) 0.93

14.5

(36%) 0.79

7.5 (5%) H. cunea

0.79

7.5

(22%) 0.0

5.00

(14%) 0.61

8.5

(14%) 0.5

3.0

(27%) 0.61

8.5

(23%) 0.61

4.0 (7%) G. pyloalis

P = Prohaemocyte, PL = Plasmatocyte, G = Granulocyte, OE = Oenocyte, S = Spherulocyte, A = Adipohaemocyte.

The amounts in parentheses indicate relative percentage of each haemocyte type.

ſƺưſǈě ǀ Ţ ſŹŵŚƷ ǀ řƮŤƀ ƿ ƴư ƾ řŢĩźƃƹšřźƄůƱƺųƹ ƿ

ƩƺƬſƲ źƟŹŵŚƷ ōƿ Ŷƴ ŚºƷ ƾƿ ŶºƴƳŚƯ

ſƺĭŚƟ ǀ ŻƺŤ

ĪƄţ ǀ

ƩƺƀĜĩƪ

ĪƄţ ǀ ƯźţƹƵźĭƪ ǀ

ƮųŻƮ ŚƷ

ŝƹ ƶ ƬĩŹƺƏ ƾ źƟźŨĩř ōƿ Ŷƴ ŚºƷ ƽ řƿ ºƴư ƾ

ƫƺƬſ ƾ Ư ƾ ŶƃŚŝ ſƺưſǈě ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇŹŵ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ƹŹŚŬƃřŶ

īźŝ šƺţŹřƺų ƶŝ

ţźţ ǀ Ŝ ÐÓ ƹ

ÏÐ ƇŹŵ ºſƺưƷƪºĩŶ ǀ

Ţ ĪƄºţřŹŚºƷ ǀ

ƪ ºƳŵřŵ ƱōźºƐƣƹŶ

ƳŚºƷ ºǀ ż ƶºŝ ţźţ ºǀ Ŝ ÖÐ Í t Ò ÎÑ ƹ

ÓÎ Í t Ò Õ Ư ǀ ƹźĪ źŤƯ ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ

ƩƹŶū Î ř ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ īŹżŝŚƷ źţ ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ ƽ ƶƳƺĭƹŵźƷ

ƯƪƯŚƃřŹ ƾ

Ŷƃ ŶƳ ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ è ƹ Ñ

ſƺƳƺŗř ǀ Ţ ƶŤƀƷŚƷ ƽ ſŚƯřĨģƺĩ ǀ

ŬůƮſǈěƺŤ ǀ

īŹżŝƹƮ ºƳŹřŵ

Ŷ ƩƺƬºſƲºƿř

ŚºƷ Ɵ ŶºƣŚ

ŵƹƵŵƺŝŢĩźů ƿ

ƵŹřƺ ƽ ƫƺƬſ ƾ Ʊō ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŶƴƳŚƯŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ƵŶƴƴĪƃŚƷ Ţſř

ºſƺƳƺŗř ǀ Ţ ŚºƷ ľŚºƯƺưƗ

ŻřźŤưĩ Ò Źŵ ƩƺƬſŶƇ

ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ĪƄţřŹƵźƄů ǀ

Ưƪ ƾ ŶƴƷŵ

źƋŚůƢǀƤŰţŹŵ řƿ

ƩƺƬºſƲ ŚºƷ

řŹřŵ ƽ ƬĪƃ ƾ ƶŤƀºƷŚŝŵźĭ

ƽ Ĩºģƺĩ ºƳŵƺŝ

ºƃŚůŹŵƶºĩŶ ǀƶ

ƽ ſ ǀ ºƯŹřźºƣƮºſǈěƺŤ ƾ

ĭ ŢºƟź

ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ Ò ƹ Ó ƱōźƐƣƹ ŚƷ ÓÎ Í t ÎÎ Ư ǀ ƹźĪ ƶƳřƹźěŹŵźŤƯ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ºƳřƹřźƟŚºŝŹŚŬºƃřŶ ƾ

Ð

ŶƇŹŵ

ƹ ÓÎ Í t Ò Õ Ư ǀ īźŝŹŵźŤƯƹźĪ

ƳřƹřźƟŚŝšƺţŹřƺų ƾ

ÎÑ ŶƇŹŵ ƶŞſŚŰƯ Ŷƃ ƩƹŶºū

Î ƶŤƀƷ ƽ Ʊō ŚƤƯŹŵŚƷ ƿ ſŚŝƶƀ ǀ ƀŝƮſǈěƺŤ ǀ

ƯĨģƺĩŹŚ ƾ

ŶƃŚŝ

ſƺƫƹźƠſř ǀ

Ţ ƩƺƬſŚƷ ŚƷ ƽ ƵŵƺŝŢĩźůŶƣŚƟƹŵźĭ ƇŚųƹ

ǀ ſƺĭŚƟŢ ǀ

ŻƺŤ Źřŵƽ ŶºƳ ƱƹŹŵ

Ʊō ƵŻřŶƳřƶŝŵźĭšřŹŷŚƷ

ƽ Î Śţ Ò Ư ǀ ŵƱƹźĪ ƿ ƯƵŶ ƾ ƪŗƺĩřƹƶĩŵƺƃ

ƯźƔƳƶŝŶƴƳŚƯ ƾ

ōƿ ƂƤƳƹŶƴ

Ʊō ưƳƆŴƄƯŻƺƴƷŚƷ ƾ

ƯƶŤƠĭŚƯřŶƃŚŝ ƾ

ųŷƂƤƳŢſřƲĪưƯƶĩŵƺƃ ǀ

Ƶź ř ƽ ŶƴƃŚŝƶŤƃřŵ

Źŵƹ

ųźŝ ƾ ƯƶŤƠĭšřźƄů ƾ

ŵřƺƯƩŚƤŤƳřŹŵƶĩŵƺƃ

ƵŶƳŻŚſ ƽ ĩ ţƺ ǀ ƩƺĪ ŶƳŹřŵƂƤƳ ř

ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚºƷ Źŵ

(8)

ÒÑ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƪĪººƃ ƽŚººƷ í Ò Ò ř ººſƺƳƺŗ ǀ Ţ (OE)

Źŵ

H. cunea

Ó ř ººſƺƳƺŗ ǀ ŹŵŢ

G. pyloalis

Ô

ºººſƺƫƹźƠſř ǀ

Ţ (S)

Źŵ

H. cunea

Õ ºººſƺƫƹźƠſř ǀ

ŹŵŢ

G. pyloalis

īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÎÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 5-8. 5. Oenocytes (OE) in H. cunea, 6. oenocytes in G. pyloalis, 7. spherulocytes (S) in H. cunea, 8. spherulocytes in G. pyloalis (1000 X).

řŹřŵšřźƄů ƽ

ŵźĭŵ ƿ ƀ ƾ ŶƳŹřŶƳŵƺūƹƆƣŚƳ

ƤŰţŹŵ ºǀ ƩƺƬºſźºƋŚůƢ

ŚºƷ ƽ źƤţŹƺĩŸºƯ ƿ

ľŚºŞ

ŝǀ ƺƌ ƽ ŻŵřŶƘţŚŝƹ ƿ

ŵŚ ƽ ƶŤƀƷƹƪŗƺĩřƹ

ƽ źƤţĨģƺĩ ƿľŚŞ

ŶƳŶºƃƵŶƷŚƄƯƩƺƬſƎſƹŹŵƖƣřƹ

ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ ì ƹ í ƱōźƐƣ ƶƳřƹźěŹŵŚƷ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬƃřŶ Ò

Í t Ò ÎÍ Ư ǀ ƹźĪ ºƳřƹřźƟŚºŝźŤƯ ƾ

ÎÖ

ƹŶƇŹŵ Í Í t Ò Ư ǀ īźŝŹŵźŤƯƹźĪ

ƳřƹřźƟŚŝšƺţŹřƺų ƾ

ÎÑ ŶƇŹŵ ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ

ƩƹŶū Î

ŵō ƿ ſƺưƷƺĜ ǀ Ţ ľǇƺưƘƯŚƷ ƩƺƬſ

ŚƷ ƾƿ ƵŻřŶƳřŚŝ ƽ ƎſƺŤƯ

ŵźĭ

ŝ ǀ ƺƌ ƽ řŹřŵƹ ƽ ƪŗƺĩřƹ ŚƷ ƽ

ƵŶƃƕŚŞƃř

ŝźģŻř ƾ ŶƴŤƀƷ ľǇƺưƘƯƶŤƀƷ ųźŝŹŵƹĨģƺĩ

ƾ ƳŵŹřƺºƯ ºǀ ŶºŗřƹŻż ƽ ƹŹ ƽ ŚƄºƛ

ŵŹřŵ ƤŰţŹŵ ǀ ƳƺƴĩƢ ƾ Ƴǀ ż Ʋƿř ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ řŹřŵ ƽ ƪŗƺĩřƹ ŚƷ ƽ ƶŤƀºƷƹƱřƹřźƟ

ƽ ƆŴƄºƯŚƳ ŵƺŝ

ŶºƳ

ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ î ƹ æå ƱōźƐƣ ƶƳřƹźěŹŵŚƷ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬƃřŶ ÔÖ Í t ÎÍ Ư ǀ ƹźĪ ºƳřƹřźƟŚºŝźºŤƯ ƾ

Õ

īźŝŹŵƹŶƇŹŵ

Źřƺų šƺţ ÔÖ Í t Ò Ô Ư ǀ ƹźĪ ƳřƹřźƟŚŝźŤƯ ƾ

ÏÏ ŶƇŹŵ ŵƺŝ ƩƹŶū Î

(9)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÒÒ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ æç î Ö ŵō ƿĜ ƺ ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ (A)

Źŵ

H. cunea

ÎÍ ŵō ƿ ºĜ ƺ ºſƺưƷ ǀ ŹŵŢ

G. pyloalis

ÎÎ ººſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ

Ţ (G)

Źŵ

H. cunea

ÎÏ ººſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ

ŹŵŢ

G. puloalis

īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÎÍÍÍ źŝ źŝř

Figs 9-12. 9. Adipohaemocytes (A) in H. cunea, 10. adipohaemocytes in G. pyloalis, 11.

granulocytes (G) in H. cunea, 12. granulocytes in G. pyloalis (1000 X).

ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ Ţ ľǇƺưƘƯŚƷ ƹŵźĭ

ŝǀ ƺƌ ƽ Ƶŵƺŝ ŚƤƯŹŵƹ ƿ ſƺţŚưſǈěŚŝƶƀ ǀ

Ţ ƶŤƀƷŚƷ ƽ Ʊō ŚºƷ

Ĩģƺĩ źţ ƾƯ ŶƃŚŝ ř ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų

ƾ ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ ƽ ƵŶƴƴĪƃ

(fragile cell

ŶƴŤƀƷ

řƶŝ ƿ ƴƘƯƲ ƾ

ūŹŚųƮƀūƶŝŵŹƺųźŝƭŚĮƴƷƶĩ ƾ

ŵ ƿ ƵŹřƺ ƽ Ʊō ƺŤŰƯƹƵŶºƃƵŹŚěŚƷ ºƿ

ºƬųřŵšŚ ƾ

ŵřŻōƩƺƬºſ

Ư ƾ ŵƺƃ ƴĤưƷ ǀ Ʋ

ř ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŹŵŚƷ ſƺĭŚƟ ǀ ĪƄºţŻƺŤ ǀ

ƱƺºųŵŚºƤƘƳřƹƩƺƀºĜĩƪ ŶºƳŹřŵƂºƤƳ

řźŝŚƴŝ ƿ ưſǈěŶƴƳŚƯƲ ſƺţŚ

ǀ Ţ ƬĩŹŵŚƷ ǀƶ ƽ ōźƟ ƿ ŚƷŶƴ ƽ ſ ǀ řƮŤƀ ƿ ƴư ƾ ƵźƄů ƾºƯŢĩźƃ

Ŷºƴƴĩ Źŵ

ƢǀƤŰţƲƿř źƐƣ

ƾƳřƹřźƟƹ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ

ǀ Ţ ŚƷ Źŵ Ƴƺĭ ƶ ƽ

H. cunea

ƶŝ Ŝǀţźţ ÔÖ Í t Ò Ư ǀ ƹźĪ źŤƯ ƹ

ÏÕ ŶƇŹŵ

Źŵƹ

G. pyloalis

Ò Í t Ð ƹźĪǀƯ ƹźŤƯ ÏÔ ŶƇŹŵ ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ

ƪƨƃ ƽŚƷ ææ ƹ æç

ƩƹŶū Î

(10)

ÒÓ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ſŹźŝ ƾ źƋŚů ƀŝŹŵ ǀ ŹŚ ƽ ƇƺţŻř ǀ ƶŗřŹřšŚƠ

ƳřƹřźƟƹƪĪƃźƔƳŻřƵŶƃ ƾ

ŵƺºūƺƯƖŝŚƴƯŚŝ

ŚſŵŹƺƯŹŵ ƿ

ƶƳřƹźěź ŵŹřŵŢƤŝŚƐƯŚƷ

řźŝ ƽ ƩŚŨƯ

Jalali & Salehi (2008)

ƳřƹřźƟ ƾ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ

ŹŵřŹ ƶƳřƹźě ƽ

Papilio demoleus L.

ŵƹŶůŹŵ Ó

Ð ƵŵźĩƁŹŚưƃƮŬƴěƲſƎſřƹřŹŵŶƇŹŵ

ŶƳř

řƶĩ ƿ ŹŵŢŞƀƳƲ ƶƳƺĭƹŵ

ƽ ƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯ

ƽ źƋŚů Ò ƹ Ô ŶƇŹŵ ŵƺŝ ƶŝƲǀƴĤưƷ

ŹŵƶŝŚƄƯŹƺƏ

ƹƲǀƤƤŰƯƲƿřšŚƤǀƤŰţ

Andrade et al. (2003)

ƱřƹřźƟ źţ ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ

ƾƳƺųƽ ſƺţŚưſǈě

ǀ Ţ ŚƷ

ſƺƫƺƳřźĭƹ ǀ

Ţ ƵŶƃƁŹřżĭŚƷ

ŶƳř ƿ Ī ƾ šƹŚƠţŻř ŚƷ ƽ ƤŰţŽƺƀŰƯ ǀ

ºſŹźŝŚŝźƋŚůƢ ƾ

ŚºƷ ƽ

ƤƤŰƯ ǀ ěŵŹƺƯŹŵŹƺĩŸƯƲ ƶƳřƹź

ŚƷ

ƭŶƗ ŻƹŵŹƺƌů ƿź

ţǀ ƁŹřżĭĚ

ſƺţŚưſǈěŻřƵŶƃ ǀ

Ţ ºŝŚƷ ƶ

ƭŚƳ ŚƷ ƽ ƯŹƹ ǀ ƀ ǀ ſƹŵƺěƹŢ ǀ

Ţ ƶƐſřƹ ŚƷ ƾƿ ƩƺƬſƶŝƶĩŶƴŤƀƷ

ŚƷ ƽ ŵ ƿ ŶºŞţźºĮ ƿ ºƯƪ ƾ ŶƳƺºƃ

Ţſř ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ Ţ ƳŚƷ ǀ ŝż ƶ ſƺţŚưſǈěŶƴƳŚƯ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ

źƟŹŵ ōƿ ƶƫƺƀĜĩŶƴ

ƪºĮƳřƱŵźĩ

ŢĩŹŚƄºƯŚºƷ

ŶƳŹřŵ ƤůŹŵ ǀ řŢƤ ƿ ƩƺƬſƲ ŚƷ ƽ źĭ ſƺƫƺƳř ǀ žĜºſƹƵŵźºĩƶƬưůƮūŚƸƯŮƐſƶŝƶĩŶƴŤƀƷŢ

ſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ ƱōƶŝŚƷ ƯŚƷ ƾ ěǀ ŶƳŶƳƺ

(Chapman, 1998)

ƾƿŚŬƳōŻř ƶƧ ƠºƃƶºŝŻřžºě ǀ

Ƶź ƲŤºƟŹ

ƀŝŚƷƹŹǇ ǀ

ŹŚ ƽ ŢƟŚŝŻř ŝŻřŚƷ ǀ ŢƟŚŝŚŝƹƶŤƟŹƲ

ŚƷ ƽ Źŵ ƩŚů ĪƄţ ǀ ƵźƄůƪ ƽ ŚºūƪºƯŚĩ ƿ

żĮ ƿ Ʋ

Ư ƾ ŵŵźĭ

ŵřŶƘţźěŹƺƌůřŸƫ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ

ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƹŹǇƮŬƴěƲſŹŵ ƽ

ƀŝ ǀ ƪºưŤŰƯŹŚ ƹƵŵƺºŝ

žĜºſ

ƱōŹřŶƤƯ ěƂƷŚĩŚƷ ǀ

ƯřŶ ƾ Ŷƴĩ

(Jalali & Salehi, 2008)

ƢǀƤŰţŹŵ

Falleiros & Gregorio (1995)

ƩƺƬſƽƹŹ

ƶƣŚſƭźƧƾƳƺųƽŚƷ

źƨƄǀƳŹřƺų

Diatraea saccharalis Fabrici

ƾºƳřƹřźƟźŨƧřŶºů

ƩƺƬſ ſƺţŚưſǈěƽŚƷ ǀ

ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŢ ǀ

Ţ ƺƫƹźƠſř ſǀ Ţ

ſƺƳƺŗř ǀ Ţ ƹ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ ŝŢ ƶ źŝřźŝŜǀţźţ

ÏÖ

Ò ÐÒ

Ô ÐÏ

Ð Ò ƹ Î Ñ ƶŞſŚŰƯ

ƹ ƵŶƷŚƄƯŢǀƀǀƯŹƹƩƺƬſ Ŷƿŵźĭ

ƾºƳřƹřźƟƲƿř

ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇƽřźŝƾƳƺƴƧƢǀƤŰţŹŵ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŝŹŚŬƃřŶ ƶ

źºŝřźŝŜǀţźţ ÐÓ

ÏÕ

ÎÖ

Ð ƹ Ò

ƹ

īźŝƽřźŝ ŝšƺţŹřƺų ƶ

źºŝřźŝŜǀţźţ ÏÐ

ÏÔ

ÎÑ

ÎÑ ƹ Ô ƺºŝ ŵ ƩƹŶºū Î

ƲǀºƴĤưƷ

ŢǀƀǀƯŹƹƩƺƬſ ƶƳƺĭƹŵƲƿřŹŵ

ƹŵźƷŚƯřŶƄƳƵŶƷŚƄƯ

ƽřŹřŵƶƳƺĭ ō

ŶºƳŵƺŝŢǀſƺưƷƺĜƿŵ

Źŵ

ƤǀƤŰţ šŚ

Al-Harini & Suhail (2001)

ƾƿřźŰƇŲƬƯƽƹŹ

Schistocerca gregaria Forsk

żǀƳ Ūƴě

ƾƳƺºųƩƺƬſƕƺƳ ºſƺţŚưſǈě

ǀ ºſƺƫƺƳřźĭŢ ǀ

ƺƫƹźƠſřŢ ºſ

ǀ Ţ ºſƺƳƺŗř

ǀ Ţ ƹ ºſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

Ţ

ƾƿŚſŚƴƃ ƹ

ƾƳřƹřźƟ Ʊō ŚƷ ŝƶ źŝřźŝŜǀţźţ Ñ

ÎÓ

Ö ÎÕ

Ó ÎÕ

Ö ƹ Ï ÐÔ ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ ƶºƧ

ƩƺƬſƾųźŝƾƳřƹřźƟ

ŢǀſƺưƷƹźěŶƴƳŚƯŚƷ

ŢǀſƺţŚưſǈěƹŚƷ

ƶºƔůǈƯƪŝŚƣšƹŚƠţŚƷ

ŚºŝřŹƽř

(11)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÒÔ

ƢǀƤŰţ źƋŚů ƾƯƱŚƄƳ ŶƷŵ ƶƘƫŚƐƯŹŵ ƎſƺţƶƧƽř

Brayer et al. (2004)

ƩƺƬſƽƹŹ

ƾƳƺųƽŚƷ

ƶƄººě ƽ

Culex quinquefasciatus L.

ŶººƃƭŚººŬƳř

Ƃººƃ ººſƺţŚưſǈěƾƳƺººųƩƺƬººſƕƺººƳ ǀ

Ţ

ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ

Ţ ŢǀſƺƫƹźƠſř

ſƺƳƺŗř ǀ

Ţ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ ƹŢ ō ŢǀſƺưƷƺĜƿŵ

ºŝ ƶ Ŝºǀţźţ Śºŝ ƾºƳřƹřźƟ

Ñ ÑÐ

Ð Ñ

Ó Î

Ó Ñ

Ð Ö ƹ Õ å

ƃƾƿŚſŚƴƃ ƪŝŚƣšƹŚƠţƮƷŻŚŝƶƧŶ

ƶƔůǈƯ ƽř Żř

ƾƳřƹřźƟźƔƳ ŢǀſƺưſǈěƲǀŝ

ŢǀſƺƫƺƳřźĭŚƷ

ŚƷ ŢǀſƺƳƺŗřƹ

ƶºƳƺĭŚŝƶƳƺĭƲƿřƽŚƷ

ŵŹƺºƯƽŚºƷ

ƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯƾƳƺƴƧƢǀƤŰţŹŵƶƘƫŚƐƯ

ƺƃ ŵ ƲǀƴĤưƷ

ƶƘƫŚƐƯŹŵ

ƽ

Brayer et al. (2004)

ƵŻřŶºƳř ƽ

ƩƺƬººſ ººſƺţŚưſǈěƽŚººƷ ǀ

ººſƺƫƺƳřźĭŢ ǀ

Ţ ŢǀººſƺƫƹźƠſř

ººſƺƳƺŗř ǀ

Ţ ººſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

ƹŢ

ō ŢǀſƺưƷƺĜƿŵ ƶŝ

Ŝºǀţźţ źºŝřźŝ ÏÏ Ó

ÎÐ Õ

ÎÍ Õ

ÎÐ Õ

Õ Ò

ÎÒ Õ ƹźºƨǀƯ źºŤƯ ƶŞºſŚŰƯ

ƶƧŶƿŵźĭ ƲŤƟźĭźƔƳŹŵŚŝ

ƵŻřŶƳř ƽ ƽřźŝƵŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ ƩƺƬſƲƿř

ŚƷ ƢǀƤŰţŹŵ źºƋŚů

ƩƹŶºū

Î

ƹŢǀſƺţŚưſǈě

ŢǀſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇ

ƽ īźŝƭźƧƹŹŚŬƃřŶǀƠſ

šƺºţŹřƺºų šƹŚºƠţ

ƶƌůǈƯƪŝŚƣ

Śŝƽř ƶƄě ŹƺƧŸƯƽ ƶŤƃřŵ

ƪƧŹŵƾƫƹ

ƵŻřŶƳř ƽ Ʋƿř ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ īźºŝƭźºƧŹŵ

Źřƺºų

ŵŹřŵƶƄěƶŝƽźŤƄǀŝƾƨƿŵżƳšƺţ

ſƺưƷƪĩƁŹŚưƃ ǀ

Ţ ƳŚƷ ǀ ºſŹźŝŵŹƺƯż ƾ

īźºŝƹŹǇŹŵƶºĩŢºƟźĭŹřźºƣ

šƺºţŹřƺºų

ÍÕÎ Í t ÎÕÍÍ ƶƳřƹźěƹŹǇŹŵƹ

ƽ Ơſ ǀ ŹŚŬƃřŶ ÑÎÐ t ÍÐ ÐÍÎÐ ƯŹŵƩƺƬſ ǀƬ

ƾ ŜºƘĪƯźºŤƯ

ſŚŰƯ ŶƃƶŞ ƩƹŶū Ï ſƺưƷƪĩŵřŶƘţ ǀ

ŶěƞưƫƺưƷƮŬůƶŝŢŞƀƳŢ ƿ

ƵŶ ř ƽ ƜŤƯ ǀ ľǇƺưƘƯƹź

Ə ƾ ŶƃŹƱřŹƹŵ ƽ

ŢſřšƹŚƠŤƯ

ŝƹ ƶ ƆųřŹƺƏ

ŵźĭŵƱřŹƹŵŹŵ ƿ

ƀ ƾ ƭřŶƳřƝŸůƹ

ŚºƷ ƽ ƛ ºǀ ź

ŹƹźƋ ƽ ƜţšŶƃƶŝƱōŹřŶƤƯ ǀǀ

Ưź ƾ Ŷƴĩ ƶŤºſřŹšřźƄůŹŵ

ŚºƷ ƽ ƞºƬŤŴƯ

ºŤůƹ ƾ ŵƺºųŹŵ

ƩŚŝ Ĩƫƺě ƱřŹřŵ

Ƴ ǀ ƱōŹřŶƤƯż ƵŻřŶƳřƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ

ƽ ƜţƞưƫƺưƷƮŬůƹƵźƄů ǀǀ

ź ƾƯ ŶºŝŚƿ řźºŝ ƽ

ƩŚŨƯ

ƮŬƴěƲſŹŵ

P. demoleus

ŵƹŶůƱōŹřŶƤƯ ÎÑÍÍÍ

ŹŵƩƺƬſ Ưǀ

Ƭ ƾ ƞºưƫƺưƷŜºƘĪƯźŤƯ

(Jalali & Salehi, 2008)

Źŵƹ

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner

ÖÐÏÔ Ư ǀƬ ƾ ƞºưƫƺưƷŜƘĪƯźŤƯ

ŢºſřƵŶºƃƁŹřżĭ

(Andrade et al., 2003)

ƮƄºƃƲºſŹŵŹƺĩŸºƯŵŶºƗ

Spodoptera litura

Fabricius

ŝŜţřźƯƶŝ ǀ

źŤƄ

ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ÏÐÍÍÍ Śţ ÏÖÍÍÍ ſŹŢŞŧƶŝ ǀ

ŢſřƵŶ

(Sharma et al., 2003)

ŵŶƘŤƯƪƯřƺƗšŹƺƇźƷŹŵ ƽ

Ư ƾ řŶƳřƺţ ƿ ƜţřŹŹřŶƤƯƲ ǀǀ

ŹŵƕƺƴţƪƯŚƗƕƺƳƶŝŢŞƀƳƶĩŶƷŵź

ƹƂƷŚĩ Ťů ƾ řżƟř ƿ ŢſřŹŚƔŤƳřƪŝŚƣƂ

ŤſřřŸƫ ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷƩŚưƘ ƾ

řŚŝI

ºƿ ƶºģƶºĩƝŶºƷƲ

Ɯţ ǀǀ ţřź ƾ ƯřŹ ƾ ĩŹŵŶƳřƺţ ǀƠ

ǀ ưĩƹŢ ǀ ƩƺƬſŢ řŚƷ ƿ ŵŹŵŶƴĩŵŚŬ Ż

Ƈƺţ ǀƶ ƶŝƵŶƃ ŶºƃƶŤƟźĭŹŚĩ

(12)

ÒÕ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƂƷŚĩƶĩŵřŵƱŚƄƳƹ ÒÍ

ŶƇŹŵ ƽ řŹřŶƤƯŹŵ ƿ

ƩƺƬſƲ ŢºſřƶŤƃřŵƶƳƺĭƹŵźƷŹŵŚƷ

ƩƹŶºū

Ï

ƩƹŶū Ï ƩƺƬſƪĩŵřŶƘţ

ŚƷ ƽ Ƴƺų ƾ ƹŹǇ īźŝƭźĩ ƺų ƶƳřƹźěƹšƺţŹř

ƽ Ơºſ ǀ ƪºŞƣŹŚŬºƃřŶ

ŶƷŚƃ ƹ ÔÏ ŢƗŚſ ţŻřžě ǀ ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷŚŝŹŚư ƾ

I

Table 2. Total haemocyte counts of the larvae of G. pyloalis and H. cunea before (control) and 72 h after treatment with juvenile hormone I.

Total haemocytes (treated) Total haemocytes (untreated/Control)

Insect

1373.3 ± 74.23a 3013.3 ± 413a

H. cunea

920 ± 23.09b 1800 ± 0.081b

G. pyloalis

Number of observation = 3. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p<0.05).

řƿ ŚŤƳƲ ƿ ŵřŶƘţŚŝŪ ƽ

ƤŰţŻř ǀ ŚƤ ŵŹřŵŢƷŚŞƃƶŤƟźĭšŹƺƇš

řźŝ ƽ ƩŚŨƯ

Źżţ ƿ ƱƺºƯŹƺƷƢ

Ƴřƺū ƾ ƶŝ

T. molitor

źƟŻř ōƿ ƶƫƺƀĜĩŶƴ

ſƺưƷƱŵźĩ ǀ

Ţ ĭƺƬūŚƷ ǀź ƽ ƫŵƶºĩŵźºĩ ºǀ

ƬºƇřƪ ƾ Ʊō

ƺưƷƪưƗƩżƴţ

ſǀ Ţ ŻŚſ ƽ ĭƺƬūƹ ǀź ƽ Żř Śưţ ƿ ƫƺƬſż ƾ Ţſř

(Rantala et al., 2003)

ƴĤưƷ ǀ Ʋ

ſŹźŝ ƾ ŚƷ ƽ ƶŝ ƪưƗ ō ºūƱƺºƯŹƺƷƂºƤƳŵŹƺƯŹŵƵŶƯ Ƴřƺ

ƾ īźºŝƭźºĩƹŹǇŹŵ

ƹŹŶºƴƜģŹřƺºų

ŚƤƯ ƿ ƶƀ ƽ źěŚŝƱō ƿ ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷŶƋƶĩƲſƺĪ ƾ

Ţſř

ƤƤŰƯ ǀ řƶŝřŹƲ ºƿ ŤƳƲ ǀ ƳŚºſŹƶºŬ ǀ

ƶºĩŶ

ƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷ ƾ

ƫŚƘƟƂƷŚĩŜŞſ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ ƽ ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ ƯŚƷ ƾ ŵƺƃ ƹ ƫŚƘƟ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƾƿ ƔƳ ºǀ ěƺţŚºưƷź ǀ

Żƺ

Śưţ ƿ ŨĪţƹż ǀ ƫƺƬſź ƾ ţƂƷŚĩ

ǀ Żƹź ƿ ƪƴƟƹƲ ƀĩř ǀ ŻřŶ ƵŶƷŚƄƯ Ư ƾ ŵƺƃ ƫŚƘƟƶĩ ºǀ Ţ ŚºƷ ƽ ŞƏ ǀ ºƘ ƾ

ŝƪƯřƺƗźŝřźŝŹŵƵźƄů ǀ

ŹŚư ƽ ŻřŹŚěƹřŻ ƿ

ŗƺŤ ǀŶ ƯŚƷ ƾ řƹŶƃŚŝ ƿ ƫŚƘƟƲ ǀ Ţ ŹżţŚŝŚƷ ƿ źěƢ ƿ źŝƲſƺĪ

ƯžĪƗ ƾ ŵƺƃ

(Khafagi & Hegazi, 2001)

ƵźƄů Ƃĩ ŚºƷ ƽ źºģŌŚƄºƴƯŚºŝ ƿ

ƂƷŚºĩŜŞºſƂ

ſƺưƷ ǀ ŹŵŢ

Danais chrysippus L.

(Pandey et al., 2008)

Źŵƹ

S. litura

(Sharma et al., 2003)

Ŷƃ Ǉŵ ƿ źĩŷƪ řŹŵƵŶƃ ƿ ƯƱŚƄƳƖŝŚƴƯƲ ƾ

řƶĩŶƷŵ ƿ ƩƺƬſƹƵŵźĩƪưƗƮſŶƴƳŚưƷŵřƺƯƲ

ŚƷ ƽ

Ƴƺų ƾ ƜţŹŚģŵřŹ ǀǀ

ŹŚŤųŚſšřź ƽ

Ư ƾ ŚưƳ ƿ Ŷƴ ſŹźŝŹŵ ƾ ƳźƋŚů ǀ Ɯţż ǀǀ ƶŝŚƄºƯšřź

ƔƳ ºǀ ź ƭŶºƗ

ŹŵƶŤƀººƷŵƺººūƹ

ººſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ

ƶŤƀººƷƹŵ ř

ƽ ººſƺƫƺƳřźĭƱŶººƃ ǀ

Ţ

Ŷě ººƿ ƵŶ ƽ ĪƄººţ ǀ Ƶŵƺººţƪ

ĜƯǈĩ ǀ Ĭƴ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵ ǀ

Ţ ĪƄţƹ ǀ ƺĩřƹƪ ƵźƄºůƹŵźºƷŹŵƪŗ

ƽ ţǀ ŹŚºư ƵŶºƃ ŶºƃƵŶƷŚƄºƯ

ƪĪƃ ŚƷ ƽ èÑ æè ŻŢƷŚŞƃ ƿ

ŵŚ ƽ ŝǀ ƜţƲ ǀǀ řšřź ƿ ŵŚŬ ſŹźŝŹŵƵŶƃ ƾ

źƋŚů ƹ Ɯţ ǀǀ řšřź ƿ ŵŚŬ

ſƺưƷŹŵƵŶƃ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ ƽ řƿ ƵźƄůƹŵƲ

ŚſƶŝŚƄƯ ƿ

ź ƞºƬŤŴƯŵřƺºƯƶŝŢŞƀƳƹšřźƄů ƪºǀŞƣŻř

(13)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÒÖ

ƵźƄů Ƃĩ ŚºƷ ƽ ƗƺƴƈºƯ ƾ

(Zaidi & Khan, 1977; Azam & Ilyas, 1986; Younes et al., 1999)

ƹ

ƵźƄů Ƃĩ ŚƷ ƽ Śŝ

ŌŚƄƴƯ

ĭǀ

ƷŚ ƾ (Saxena&Tikku,1990;Sharmaetal.,2003;Pandeyetal.,2008)

ƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯ

ŵƺƃ źƷŚƓŢƷŚŞƃ ƽ

Ɯţ ǀǀ řšřź ƿ ŵŚŬ ƵŶƃ Ƶřźưĭ ůƶĩřźģŢſřƵŶƴƴĩ ǀ

ƶŝƩƺƬſšŚ

Ưǀ ŻƺŤ Śưţƹ ƿ ŝřƹƱōż ƯƶŤƀ ƾ řźĭřƹŶƃŚŝ ƿ

ºŝƩƺƬºſīźƯŵƺƃƪŤŴƯƩŚưƗřƲ ƶ

ŶºƷřƺųƕƺºƣƹ

ěǀ ƜţƹŢſƺ ǀǀ

řšřź ƿ ŵŚŬ ƫŚĪƃřƶŝƩƺƬſīźƯŻřƪŞƣƵŶƃ ƾ

ŵźƋŚůšřŶƷŚƄƯŹŵƶĩŢſř ƿ

ƵŶ

ŢſřƵŶƃ

ŹŵƶŤƀºƷŵƺūƹƭŶƗ

ºſƺţŚưſǈě ǀ

Ţ

ƹŵ ƶŤƀºƷ ř ƽ ºſƺƫƺƳřźĭƱŶºƃ ǀ

Ţ

Ŷě ºƿ ƵŶ ƽ

ĜƯǈĩ ǀ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵĬƴ ǀ

Ţ ĪƄţƹ ǀ ƺĩřƹƪ ƪŗ ŝǀ źŤƄ ƿ ţƲ Őŧǀ ºſŹźŝŹŵƱƺƯŹƺƷź ƾ

ƹŹźºƋŚů ƽ

ƩƺƬſ ŚƷ ƽ ƮƸƯ ƿ ƴƘ ƾ ſƺưƷƹźě ǀ

Ţ ſƺţŚưſǈěŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭƹŚƷ ǀ

Ţ ŶºƃƵŶƷŚƄƯŚƷ

ƩƹŶºū

è ƹźěƩƺƬſ ſƺưƷ ǀ Ţ

ě ǀ Ƃ ŻŚſ Śſ ƿ ƩƺƬſź ŚƷ

ŶƘŝƩƺƬſƹŵƹ ƽ

ƩƺƬºſŻř

ŚºƷ ƽ ĭŹŵ ºǀ Źŵź

źƟ ōƿ ƶƫƺƀººĜĩŶººƴ

ĪƄººţƹƱŵźººĩ ǀ

ūŹŚººųƪººƯřƺƗƝŸººůŹŵƵźººĭƪ ƾ

ººƯśƺƀººŰƯ ƾ

ŶƳƺººƃ

(Nation, 2002)

ƫŵ ǀ ƫŚưŤůřƪ ƾ řŽƺƀŰƯƂƷŚĩ ƿ

ƩƺƬſƲ ƜţƹŚƷ ºǀǀ Ŷºƃšřź ƿ

ĥƺºƫƺƟźƯŶ ƿĪ

ƾ

Źƺƌů ĭƺºƬūƹƞºưƫƺưƷŹŵƶƟŚƋřJH

ǀź ƽ źƟŻř ōƿ ƯŶºƴ ǀ ºſƺưƷƹźěŻƺºŤ ǀ

ŚºưţƹŢ ƿ

Ţºſřż

ƶƘƫŚƐƯ ƽ ƯźƋŚů ƾ ƵřŹŶƳřƺţ ŚƄĭ ƽ ŶºƘŝšŚºƘƫŚƐƯ ƽ

ƹŹ ƽ ſ ºǀ řƮŤƀ ƿ ºƴư ƾ ř ºƿ ƮºƸƯŢºƟōƹŵƲ

ŵŚƈŤƣř ƽ ŶƃŚŝ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ æÑ æè ÎÐ ŹŵƶŤƀƷŵƺūƹƭŶƗ

ŢǀſƺţŚưſǈě

ƽŚƷ

H. cunea

ŶƷŚºƃŚŝƶƀƿŚƤƯŹŵ

ÎÑ īŹżŝ ƾƿŚưƳ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 13-14. 13. Absence of nucleus in plasmatocytes of H. cunea compared to the control (14) (2000 X).

(14)

ÓÍ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ æÓ æÒ æÒ ƹŵ ƶŤƀƷ ř ƽ ŢǀſƺƫƺƳřźĭƱŶƃ

ƽŚƷ

H. cunea

ŶƷŚƃŚŝƶƀƿŚƤƯŹŵ

ÎÓ

īŹżŝ ƾƿŚưƳ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 15-16. 15. Binucleation of granulocytes in H. cunea compared to the control (16) (2000 X).

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ æí æì ÎÔ Ŷě ƿ ƵŶ ƽ ĜƯǈĩ ǀ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵĬƴ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ ƽ

H. cunea

ŚƤƯŹŵ ƿ ŶƷŚºƃŚŝƶƀ

ÎÕ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÎÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 17-18. 17. Clumping in granulocytes in H. cunea compared to the control (18) (1000 X).

(15)

ç

ÎÐÕî

ÓÎ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ çå æî ÎÖ ĪƄţ ǀ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵƪŗƺĩřƹƪ ǀ

Ţ ŚƷ ƽ

H. cunea

ŚƤƯŹŵ ƿ ŶƷŚƃŚŝƶƀ

ÏÍ

īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 19-20. 19. Vacuolization in granulocytes in H. cunea compared to the control (20) (2000 X).

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ çç çæ çæ ºſƺţŚưſǈěŹŵƶŤƀºƷŵƺūƹƭŶƗ ǀ

Ţ ŚºƷ ƽ

G. pyloalis

ŚƤƯŹŵ ºƿ Śºŝƶƀ

ŶƷŚƃ ÏÏ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 21-22. 21. Absence of nucleus in plasmatocytes of G. pyloalis compared to the control (22) (2000X).

(16)

ÓÏ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ çÑ çè çè řŵ ƿ Ƶź ř ƽ ƱŶºƃ ƩƺƬºſ ƹ ºſƺţŚưſǈěŹŵƶŤƀºƷŵƺºūƹƭŶºƗ ǀ

Ţ ƽŚºƷ

G. pyloalis

ÏÑ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 23-24. 23. Rounding of cells and absence of nucleus in plasmatocytes of G. pyloalis compared to the control (24) (2000 X).

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ çÓ çÒ çÒ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵƶŤƀƷŵƺūƹƭŶƗ ǀ

Ţ ƽŚƷ

G. pyloalis

ÏÓ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 25-26. 25. Absence of nucleus in granulocytes of G. pyloalis compared to the control (26) (2000 X).

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ÓÐ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ çí çì çì ƹŵ ƶŤƀƷ ř ƽ ƱŶƃ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƽ

G. pyloalis

ŚƤƯŹŵ ºƿ ŶƷŚºƃŚºŝƶƀ

ÏÕ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 27-28. 27. Binucleation of granulocytes in G. pyloalis compared to the control (28) (2000 X).

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ èå çî çî ĪƄţ ǀ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭŹŵƪŗƺĩřƹƪ ǀ

Ţ ƽŚƷ

G. pyloalis

ŚƤƯŹŵ ƿ ŶƷŚºƃŚºŝƶƀ

ÐÍ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 29-30. 29. Vacuolization in granulocytes in G. pyloalis compared to the control (30) (2000 X).

(18)

ÓÑ ƽŶƴſƾƫǈūƹƾƿŚŞƿŻ

ƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ èç èæ èæ ĪƄţ ǀ ſƺţŚưſǈěŹŵƪŗƺĩřƹƪ ǀ

Ţ ƽŚƷ

G. pyloalis

ŚƤƯŹŵ ƿ ŶƷŚºƃŚŝƶƀ

ÐÏ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÏÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 31-32. 31. Vacuolization in plasmatocytes in G. pyloalis compared to the control (32) (2000 X).

ƪĪƃ ƽŚƷ èÑ èè ÐÐ Ŷě ƿ ƵŶ ƽ ĜƯǈĩ ǀ ŹŵĬƴ ſƺƫƺƳřźĭ ǀ Ţ ŚƷ ƽ

G. pyloalis

ÐÑ īŹżŝ ŚưƳ ƾƿ ÎÍÍÍ źŝřźŝ

Figs 33-34. 33. Clumping in granulocytes in G. pyloalis compared to the control (34) (1000 X).

ƩƹŶū Ð źƐƣ Ư ƹźĪǀ źŤƯ ŻřƕƺƳƶſ ŢǀſƺưƷ

ƶºƳřƹźěƮŬƴěƲſƹŹǇƽŚƷ

ƽ ƹŹŚŬºƃřŶǀƠºſ

īźŝ ƾƳřƺūƱƺƯŹƺƷŚŝŹŚưǀţŻřžěšƺţŹřƺų

I

Table 3. The width (micrometers) of three haemocytes of 5^th larval instars of H. cunea and G.

pyloalis after treatment with juvenile hormone I.

Granulocyte Plasmatocyte

Prohaemocyte Insect

0.33

4.66 0.33

3.33 0.0

4 H. cunea

0.33

5.66 0.33

3.33 0.57

4 G. pyloalis

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