• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

برآورد ارزش تفرجی دریاچه‌ی مهارلوی شیراز با استفاده از روش ارزش‌گذاری مشروط

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "برآورد ارزش تفرجی دریاچه‌ی مهارلوی شیراز با استفاده از روش ارزش‌گذاری مشروط"

Copied!
12
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

! "#

! $%

&!'(

)*

+(&

,

!-+

+(&

!

*

!

"

# $% &

!

"

) ' ( :

* /

* / +, -$ ( :

., / ..

/ +, (

!" " #$%

&'

% ( )*+

, ,"-. ),/ 0 (

,

1 23* 4

5 6 ) (

"-. 6 %3 7 (

) ( 8.

$ 9 :

* ( 8 &; <

=> %?.

$ @A 23*

. C$

"-. 6 %3 D (

7,> 6 6 E-,?

FG, ,

. , ,?

(

@A +

;. )H = IJ9

"5 I? K$L 6 I

;8 (

$ . E 8 ' ;/. M ,

?9 G NL &LO *

PQQ -8 )1. H 23* E$**$

PQR

<;"

$ . 8 , )G,8 S T

/ VW $,

X& IJ9 YL )>$**$

( E-? I"

H 1

$*

.

*Z;

X D O[.

7" \]

1,*" ? I

I

@ $ (*%

X I&K

^ 9 I;

*G \% $%.

-* @ 8J E$8 85? $ (

(*%

;. #;L ,

IJ9 .

=8 ;. D IJ9 _

"-. 6 # (

85?

/ VQPP ) / ١١٨٧ ر ن ل ( ﻣﻴ ﻠﻴ نﻮ , #

$ .

:

"-. 6 (

6 7>

= FG

"5

;. I IJ9

* :

: :

- E-mail: b-hayati@tabrizu.ac.ir

(2)

! "

#$%&' () )

*$+

, &

- *+

#$. /$) & $0#

112 % 3 4

,3) 5

,

#. /) '2

&

67!$) $)

128 . &

4 9:) #$. *$ %

'2 $

;%

<

;=2 *+ ' '2 % *#2

. ?&$ *$)4@

2A#B C#!1 &

2D $ & 4$% *$) "

& % ,%

'. '2 -

:) 2'2 E$ *$

?4@

+ )+ -

* 2A#B ' &

$+ '$B+ *$) .

*$+

-

F$G $ 4 $

! H) $I C#!$1

J /=%

EK 2D

K /) &

H + 'L1

? '2 M (B&

NG) *

#. &

'

L

% 4 )+ -

* + . $M

4 '. '2 & %

J * ($:) & ,$%

+ O%)

$+ *#$2 2$& 8 $'L1 $)

$

: P 8

+ / . ++

+ - 2 $ P $ '2 *$ !

$$K & $$M ($$B& 4 2K#$$% $$QR ;$$R

/ S

$$

4

14 T) )4&'

$) '$ *$+ *#

8 $ &

4&$)

K % & S ,#!

K U6#0)

H V *+

('&Q "

'2

6 1

% . W'2 +

-

'&Q XQ)

$+ *$ $%

$EK 2$D

$ /$) &

K H /$ *

&

$4 $%%

$ *$) $

-

#.

) ' *+

8 J$

$%

$+ ' C#!$1

+ 5 8 2 , .

*$+ $&2 *$

$ '2 X$Q) -

;%

<

*$ $% YV+

F$G $ 4 $ 2 '2

)4 J C#!1 *

& /=$%

K /$) 2$D

$H P$Z)

K

$$E

$$

W'$$

$$

$$

$$ ['$$< &

&

$$#R

W' 6) 8'2 *6R) *+

)

Majnonian, 1967

.(

C4' 'L1 T+)

=G % &

,#!

$ H) $I 4 *$

2 & 22A#B 1 % ?+

$) ('$.

1 $ '2 2

T) , & < )

!$ ^% "

*7' P7!) H)

^ 4

#!

A$ *$+ '

, 1 & 1$

*$$)+

'

$$

) _$$=' 2'&8 ,$$ /

$$

%

$$%

$$

2A#B

)8'2 &

=G *$VD) F9$.

(=$%H)

6) ) $6<2 `<

1$6 &

0 4 $ & O

+ '2+

+

&'

* 4 T+) -

% )

Fetras, 1998

.(

$+

QN *+ *

4&'

&/

*$

$QR ;$R '2 *$+ =!$

$$EK

$$

$$)

$$) /D 2$$

$$

6H & *

$$

$$a P -

I) 2A#B 3 *IN 4

V# &

%'+ &

P$)

#%<

* $# *$7' <@+ & ?2)

b $ $%'+ - & $

- 5 + 4 EK

'2 $M ($B& &

8 ' $2 2$& + * % '

('&$Q $6V *$+

1 L / % . # b $a $%'+ - $ $) $ '2

*)+

' /

*+

&

c + QN 2') '2

EK '$ *+

2 *#1

VQ) * 4 8 2') '2 *#L1 !+ 6KM

'

% 8 '2 d@#R &

& ('&Q

$+

5 $

2 <

)

Majnonian, 1967

.(

C9 $+ * $ C4' 2'&8$+

T+$) ()$<

^H) 4

#!

e@ *6 4 '2 &

a

* $) ?D $ 2

KVJ) 5N

) '2

*a'f:

% & !$

$ ,#!

$

=G K ) . ($I) 2< SI% '2 C4'

'L$1

%2 YV+

+ '$ & '#<$% *$+ _$+) (V9G *+

2

% ,#!

& X#) 5N &

8 R '2 $

4

! '

) 9 + '2 & 2 C4'

'L1 % ,#!

) $ '2 `<$ F9$. & 2$D $

!$ $'

&

*%

) ' g 2 . C4' 'L1 2A#B ' ) $

*1 *+

$+ =Z)

% 2$ $#+ *$a

$%

$

H) ^

#!4 22 <2 .

% - $ ,#!

?4@ '$& 4$% $

+ / $) , ' + ' 5

2'&8 +$+

- $ &

2 , P+B

4 T) -

@+

$% '2'$<+

)

Howarth & Farber, 2002

.(

'2 *$a $+ '$) $%&

hij '2 T$+) #)$6 hk

#)$6 e$

B$

$ $ 4 e$M '2 &

'2 *$a

E#0+

'B 2'2 . '2 - '2 *a +8 !+

' ' $%

&

;% "< ;A '2

: '! 4

" l'/+

$

) ' *+

8 . ' 4 $ '2 e8 2

*$a &$+ ' 2+'$

+ 4'&

% 2

T$#D) P$+N) '2

4 &#

4 '&8

"

'2 - *$a $+

$

*

(3)

! "#

$% &'( )* +, $&'( -/

01 2 $ 1 34 $ 516 !7 $ 5

18

1

2 2K#%

) . <' -

* $ $ *

'< "

'2 mG '2 /

2 *a % .

;% '2

nkoi A + O p 4& ( '2 V *+ ') *a

:

4 j E$$21 *$$ *$$NI)

$$

/1+

$$

$$

)

Azad University of Shiraz, 2008

.(

G '2 ) h ;$%

$$$+

) nkoo q nkor (

&

X$$$B

!$$$:<

& *$$$NI) '2

+ ;AH#%

&'

* 4R '2 e8

$ 0+8 $ / $ '2 - *$a

'2 * YV+

'$B $ "$< s) '2 ') *a

1 < - (g & 2 t

u!H) d9)v 4 + !

% . 2 -#'@+ & 4 *+ w ('x ;N#

$)

4 ,6B2< &

*$

4 $ '$g8 - $%

.

' 6. ' + 16 2+ 4 '2 - $) *a

$$6V 4$$R '2 e8 mA$$)

/$$0+8

$$% 8 5$$0+ &

*+ 4'&v ,) V

mA) -

'2 e8 v -

R 4

$$) $$K e8 mA$$) $$) '2 $$%% 5$$N $$v

)

Fars News Agency, 2009

.(

++

- '2 % C9 *I) - +

P$)V -

) + gy)

/ $ 24+ $<2 *$+ P

4 1$

$ -

'2

*a K C4'

2'&8+ 8 221

$ *#$ *$+

$ -

C4' 4 zKR ('&Q

4 T=) -

H) ! I + 5

2 .

4 (I)

2 C4' C&'

L1 _&) ' '

+

%'+

) %2 *+ T) / 24+ 4 )8

K {G)

H '$ *+

*#!+

. PE 2& T) C4' :'#%

^$%

Echeverria

;$$% '2 '$$: &

n||i

$$+

'$$#: $$

PE hko 8 $%2 *+ ;% '2 '@2 $)

. 2+'$ $+

$ -

C&'

Christofer

&

Thomas

) (1997

)8 '2 *$$+ $$:

$$

-

# %' *D + 2 *

e8 4 zKR

4 )4 $

@8 ++ '2

/ <2 *+ QR

*

khi #! ;% '2 '@2 .

$6) W'$ b$ HK C4'

+

%+

*6

& Han

)Lee

(2002

^$%#) '$G *$+

i}

/ n

$$+ '@2

;$$% '2 2$$< $$

8 $$%2 *$$+

$$) .

Amigues

'$$: &

) hh (

#z$$KR C4'

4

$$

E#!

*<2&' PR%

$E 4 2K#$% $+ ' *!$ &'1

I<

+

* 'E

# *6R)&2 &

*+ -E

O + ++

rr rj nk &

nkk $2'&8 $%2 *+ "

. C4'

f% !& '2 W' '4+M

^%

Salazar

&

Mendez

) (2005

nn|}h 2'&8$$+ ;$$% '2 $$&/

$$

.

Gurluk

) (2006

4 2K#$$% $$+

$$

()$$< C4' C&' -

% '2 ,#!

%'+

$ ' * }}

/ rj ;$% '2 '@2

+ 2$ 2'&8$+ 2$< $ .

MacMillan

&

Leinhoop

) (2007

R C4'

+ + '2 ' 6!

nr / h}k $ ' '2 &

$$2'&8 $$%2 *$$+ ;$$%

. *$$I)

;$$% '2 hj

^%

Sattout

': &

K C4'

H PE $ &$%

' = }k

/ }h $+ ;$% '2 '@2

*=$%H) 2$< $

2 .

%'+

'2 ?D (I)

)

* 2

$$%'+

$$

$$

'2

$$

)4 -

*$$

$$% $$ ?$$D .

Khorshiddoust

) (2006

C&' 4 2K#$% + C4'

'L$1

) _&) $

/ $ = ?2$) $<2 *$+ P $

' / $+

H) 4 zKR

^ 4 !

128 5 &

'2 2)

*) ^%#) 'G *+

}nn}

' $ 2'&8 $%2 *$+ ; .

C4' E$$21

*@$$%

W'$$

$$6) #!$$61

$$%+

*6

Khalilian

&

Amirnejad (2005)

$$$$+

C&' 4 2K#$$$$%

C4' 'L$$1 _&$$)

$$%'+

&

$$

$$<2 *$$+ P

24+

1 24+ +

kih

' 2'&8+ ;

. $ -

*I) C4' E21 *@$%

W'$

$6) ' #!$61

|r / n ) 6 ' P$ C4' & '#: '2 ; E$21

' 8

no ) 6 ' 2' 2'&8 %2 *+ ; .

E$&c - $

-

;% '2 hr #zKR C4' 2'&8+ *+

K &

$H P$E

% ^%#) * #<2 E!

$ 2$ $<2 *$+ P

+ #zKR C4'

K &

$H *$+ W'$

$ O rkri &

h}jj ' 2'&8$+ ; $

.

Amirnejad

'$: &

) (2007

2& C4'

*@%

PE ; 2K#% + '

C&' 4 C4' 'L$$1

$$+ _&$$)

2&$$R 2$$< $$

nh / k

2 2'&8+ '@2 .

Khodaverdizade

&

': ,

&

) (2008

C&' "$$ $$+

C4' 'L$$1 $$+ & _&$$)

$@ ;) 4 2K#%

$K C4'

*@$%

#$%&'

2&R ' &

nnjni

' '/

$ ; ) i / nnjn $6)

;' $ nj / n $' 2'$6)

; ( $2 2'&8$+

.

Dashti

&

Sohrabi

) (2008

4 2K#% +

4$ *+ C&' - $1

(4)

4 124+ <2 *+ P /) [ (= W'

$$ b$$# $$#<2 2

$$<2 *$$+ P$$ -E$$) 2

W' - HK C4' + 124+

kk

;$'

C4' & $$24+ $$ $$+

*@$$% $$HK

$$

W'$$ -

n}|

/ n}

) 6

$$

'$$#: '2 ;$$'

$$%

. $$K C4'

V% €' *)

^%

Emami

&

Ghazi

) (2008

+ / 4 5+ C&' - nji

P$ C4' & ;$' 6)

4 5$+ 8 *@$% HK h

2'&8$+ ;$' 2'$6) $

.

Khosravi

&

salarpour

) (2009

C&' " + C4'

'L1

@ ;) & _&) $

#z$KR C4'

K &

$H e@$

*+ ' $

O j / k &

|j /

 ) 6 $ ' $ '$#: '2 ;

$$2 2'&8$$+

.

$$

-

Godarzi

) (2009

4 2K#$$% $$+

) C&' -

E - 24+ $<2 *+ P

4 1$

+ ' '4) ' PE

2 h|i

' $+ & ; $

2<

n}nr

' 2 2'&8+ ; .

6 'G *+

+ $%' 2'&8$+ *$ *$I) m$ *$+

$$EK C4'

$$%

/ C&' 4 d@$$)

K$$% *$$

(Travel Cost Method)

&

C4' 'L$$$1 _&$$$)

(Contingent Valuation Method)

$$) 2K#$$%

2$$

)

Costanza et al, 1997

.(

6H / P

#=) K% *

+ *

22 G 4 $% *)$% & *=RA) { .

'2 $ C&' -

+ QN :) K H 24+ 2 u% +

'2 $

4 ;$$%

$$

#) P$$)V & W'$$ "

$$

2 $$)8'2 $$) $$E

24+

/ X

* (A$0) & K$% *$+ _+)

V#

q 2A#B ) - 2 . 1 24+ "

'2

G + K%

5 4 A$ "

(!$) 4 2K#$% $ ,

K :) C4' + *#2

H + B& R 4 5

2'&8$+

) 2 * ) $+

A$0 / ` ) 4 K$% *$

$

m$$$$

$$$$

P:$$$$) 1$$$$1

$$$$8

$$$$+ -

)

Loomis & Gonzalez, 1998

.(

'2 $R '2 ') *a

*

$ $% *$#1 '$B 4 &

24+ $Z

'2 1$

Travel Cost Method

Contingent Valuation Method

R

* 24+

4 2<

:) 2 4 $ - $

-

EK

/ 2 ) ++

'2 - C&' 4 *I) -

/ 2 *+ K% *

M 2'&8+ P

B&

K C4'

2K#$%

$$

C&' &

C4' 'L$$1 $$+ _&$$)

C4' 2'&8$$+

K H '2 $1 '$B 2K#$% 2'$) '$) *a .

C&'

C4' 'L1 C9 _&) )

$ $ $<2 *$+ P

2 )

WTP

( '% H '

Q '4+

) `0) -

)

Lee, 1997

.(

) s *1&2 e0# C&' '2

2$

'2 2$$$$ *$$$$

+6I) T+$$$$

$$$$

4

$$$$

#!$$$$

)

Lee & Han, 2002

:(

n (

U (Y, S)

8 '2 * +6I) T+ U

M N#!) , & 2$ )8'2 Y S

'2+

% 4 2A#B P)V

q V#

2 ) + . $

24+

$6=) $% $QR

$+ ' 2$< $)8'2 4

4 T=) 4 2K#%

! H) I $6=) $V *+

‚ $ 2

) (A

* 242f+

YV+ 2K#% -

+6I) 2D

+ &

) . ) +6I) /

T+$) 4 2K#$% g '2 2D

4

! H) I + 5 #R 4 & *$ $%

4 $ - T+$)

2K#%

4 *I+' *

) ' 8

2 :

h (

0

1 (0, ; )

)

; , 1

( YA S  U Y S  U

8 '2 *

0

&

1

#) 2A$

) $+

$ E K$. -

% 2A 'G *+ *

4 PN#!) &

: 4 E T .

(&K +6I) '2 $ 2$D $

)

U

( 4 2K#$% $g '2

4 T=)

! H) I 4 % ('=V :

k ( ) (

)

; , 0 ( )

; , 1

(    10

U U Y A S U Y S

$%'+ '2 *1&2 *)% '#<%

$ $<2 *$+ P

'2 2

#) "

*1&2 e0# + *#!+&

% *$+ *

Willingness To Pay

(5)

! "#

$% &'( )* +, $&'( -/

01 2 $ 1 34 $ 516 !7 $ 5

18

:

;) "

$K $ 4 2'2 . ;$) d@$) $

@ $

&

+&

+ C&' e0#

K 2K#%

) 2 *$+

2$$$N#V

Sinden

&

) king

(1990

'2

;$$$)

$$$

4 *$$$

#)

$$

4$$D) PN#!$$)

*$$=' &

2K#$$%

$$)

$$

4 $ +$+ 2$ $) ' ;$) T

;$) 4 -

@ ) 2K#%

2 . @ ;) - $

G$< *$+

12%

2#!1 'G *+

2A$#B ($I) '2

'$ *$+

% *#1 .

&

1c $ O=% ƒ *$I) '2

QR 4 / - 2K#% C&'

2 . E u% +

@

;#R )

pi

( 2 * -

$:

4 $ L$f+ ' 2

*$+ 2

*I+' ('.

4 + ) 2 )

Haneman, 1984

( :

} (

)}

( exp{

1

1

) exp(

1 ) 1 (

S Y A U U

Fn Pi

* 8'2 )

U

(

Fn

4 T+

$ $D T

$+

$ m9#$< "

#!

<+ & % 2'#% "

) 4

# V$#

q

2A#B ‚6=) )8'2 *6 4

2 !$ -$%

AH & '< 4

'2 (9

NH - $) P) ' {

2$

.

β γ &

θ

$$$Q 2'&8$$$+ P$$$+B O

$$$%

'$$$3# *$$$

) 2&'

0

 &

γ

&

θ l'/+

+ K. 4

.

+ C&' *%

*=%H) '$N) 2$& WTP

2'2 : C&'

^%#) *+ ?%) ;&

$+ 8 4 * % WTP

*=$%H)

'$3# 'N)

$%+ WTP

*6 ;$E#

1 $ 2$V '2

$+ $ K$. 2&H)

$ $) 2K#$%

2$

. ?&2 C&'

^%#) P WTP

(Overall mean WTP)

$+ * %

*=$$%H)

'$$3# '$$N)

$$%+ WTP

;$$E# *6 1

$$

2V H) '2 2&

$

 '$ *$+  $)

2&' C&' &

^%#) *+ ?%) ?%

#!B WTP

)

Truncated mean

(WTP

$$+ 8 4 &

'$$3# '$$N)

$$%+ WTP

*6

Logit Model

Model Probit

Overall mean WTP

Truncated mean WTP

;E#

1 2V 2&H) '2

K.

/) 2

,

) (A

) 2K#%

2 . + 4 C&' - ' % #+ ?% C&

4 '14% & (=g C&' -

2&H) '„ +

'

'$$)8

$$ &

T$$

$$

)

Aggregation

( ' …$$KR

)

*I+' 4 *

4 ) *=%H)

2$

)

Lee & Han,

:(2002

i (

) S Y

* (  

   

A

dA

dA U F WTP

E

MaxA

MaxA n

) ) (

exp 1 ( 1

) ( )

(

0 *

0

* 8 '2

E (WTP)

'3# 'N)

& $<2 *$+ P

α*

†=) 4 sV

P

% $%& *$+ *

*6 *$6

2A#B q V#

*$6 *+

6$. †$=) 4 s$V

) α (

% *Q .

E @ T$+ ? *+ % -:)

I<

'E

# 2'&8+

2 +$ ?$ *

$I<

$+

*=%H) ^%#) %8 WTP

($I) Z '2 & %

) 2K#% 8 4

2 .

#)' E @ #%'2 ZR C&' *+

$+

? 4 2K#%

'/

Eviews3

' (=$%H) &

$Q + $%

*6

? '/

Maple9

2'&8+

. Q 0 O ;)

@ $

!K 2A#B N#!) Q *:6+ 2'

= $+ *$

5 $

+ $ ($g $% ') 22A#B -

(Marginal

Effects)

% . #) 1 Q H ‡ $ $g +

N) ;#R .'2 '2

#) *#!$+&

) n =

Yi

( $+

g #) R& "

‡ ) '

2 . #) 1 $

Q H K g +

+ #) - % ('=V

.'2 4

N) ;#R '2

#) $ *#!$+&

) n =

Yi

(

# '2 *D #) K *$+ K. 4 $

$R '2 "

*$

$$% '$$N)

#) $$) *#$$2 *$$E $$+g $$

2$$

)

Judge et al, 1982

.(

Aggregation

Marginal Effects

(6)

G 4 ?4@ (V9G & ')8

: { P

% *$) + *)

'JR 24+ *+

'2 4 1$

$)8'2 *$ '$) *$a

#!+ PA '2 #2 PN#!) nkor

T$

'&8 $ .

+ 2 *$+ & $ ;) 4 ?4@ * 2 2'&8+

$ P

*) 2 2+ -E

*$ C&' *I) 2') 1

$

2A 2K#% 2%

)

Cochran, 1977

.(

*$ 2

*+

- O noo K

*=%H) . $+

$ & '$=#V -

&' 5%

)

* 4 3 2#%

4'&$ 2A$#B &1

= E2

: & / P h

*)%

5 2K#% )48

?$D ?4@ (R9$. ‰f% &

$ . '2 $ - $+ *$I)

4 1 ) $ / $ $<2 *$+ P 24+

4 1$

*)%

+&2 *1&2 e0#

(DDC)

$ 2K#%

^% *

Haneman

) (1984

& F9. +

$% P

*)

*7' *1&2 e0#

% . ?/6#!$) C&' - $

& -

e0#

"

+ 2 5 *$+

$ & 2 $

* $%

*$

+ 2 5 e *+

"6+

"

&

e$ *$+ # 2

"

<

"

) 22 2$

)

Venkatachalam, 2003

.(

*)$%

$RG 50+ &2 '2 'L)

$ ($V9G ;& 5$0+ '2

& *+ _+)

1c A$0 V$#

2A$#B &

2$

‹$$%

*$$+ _$$+) (@y$$% ?&2 5$$0+ '2 & $$1

$$

*$$+ P

F$$I) 2$$ $$<2

$$

. '2

$$

B *$$% 5$$0+ -

$$

2 *+

2N) ni

k

&

}i

' ('. *+ ;

FI) , *+ *#!+& (@y%

5 u% + e$0# $)48

. B ;& ;y% '2

2 ) ) k

'

; ( *$+

'2 *$ $1 'B 5% 2') ('. -

*$a '$)

:) + ' + C2$1 $

$ &

$ R#$% &

8 % 2 ,

$QR 4 2K#$% $ $

-

E21

k

' $V *$+ ' 2$< *$) $)8'2 4 ;

B 2&'&

+ * JV 4 "

$<2 2< 2<

$ .

$$K) e$$ *$$7' ('$$.'2

B $$

$$

2

- ) ni

'

; ( B =Z) e *7' ('. '2 &

2 @+

) }i

'

; ( 24+ 4 ;y% 1 .

Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice

P + 'L1g ‡ #) ')8 (.A< <+

4$ -$% $) *$a'2 4 1$24+ <2 *+

& ;$$% ;$$G '2 $$24+ 2$$ *$$) $$)8'2 '$$<

;%

*$.9< '$G *$+ 2 PAH '2

;&$

n ['2

% .

4+ 2 V 2

$% &$1 '2

hi q }

) & '2 'B ;%

E $% - 24+

1$

ki ;$%

% . 24+ '< 4 ^%#)

1$

i / } & 2$+ $K

2/

$$

*$$+ "

o

24+ $$.'2

'2 1$$

A$$H (9

E$$$$2 & *I$$$$%#)

#!$$$$

. $$$$)8'2 ^$$$$%#)

24+

1 h

) 6 &

oi

'/

'

; & 2$+

'$G *$+

24+ ^%#)

n

'2 4 ;$% ;$G '2 '$+

*$a

2 ) . ;& '2 * 'G h

$) ) 2$

‰&% TQ& 4 *a'2 124+ Z #+

E& 2=

$2 4$+ PH) 2= LM 2)

{$B (:) UQ ' $+ $K & $'

$ $%#%2

Q' #!$

. -$

h|

/ ko 1$24+ $.'2

& '2$a $3 O%) (:) 2D ('. '2 2 ?9V 1&2' QR )B *+

=

* '2 '&$D) *$a'2 #!$

&

hn / j

*a'2 4 0+ ŒA#< + 124+ .'2 c& *GH) 2D &

+ 2+ {) + 2K#%

. $

?

) - (VQ 5+ eL + ' *a'2 N+ (:) $

) E21 2

.

;&

k ) 124+ Z * 2

+ T$'

*+ eAV 2‡ & E#!<

'2 *a K%

2 4 2K#%

/1 & 5)'8 *+ %' & C4'& *a'2 HK (:) @2 E2 4 . & % 4 b' PH + 124+ P

K%

+ 2.

;&

} ' 2 <2 *+ P 4 P.R b#

$$) $$

$$2 . nhh $$K ) o|

/ r}

$$.'2 ( E$$21 4

#!0 - <2 *+ 6 & #Lf ' 2 k

*$ $R '2 #$ 2$< *) )8'2 4 ;' rr

$K

) n

/ ki .'2 ( ' 8

#L . $# ‚$6=) *$ )$E

) ni

;' ( $ 2 }o

$K ) ik / hi $.'2 ( ' 8

#Lf * R '2

j}

K ) kr / k|

.'2 ( ;$=B ' 8

2 . ‹% 4 *#%2 8 *#L ' ;& 2 * 1

(7)

!" #$

%& '() *+ ,- %'() /0 1

2 % 1 34 % 516 "7 % 5

18

9

@+ ‚6=) CL 2') '2 2+

) }i

;' ( {$R +

^$N *$ $ T$B& 5$% 2') *2&'&

hi ‹$%

$1

) k

/ nk .'2 ( & L ' 2 - }n

$K ) o

/ hn

.'2 ( 8 2 2' ' .

) b#

Z * 2 *)

1 6=) <2 *+ Q'

+ *$a'2 4 2K#$%

')

#!

4 $ 2&$R }j / j}

1$24+ $.'2

QR 2+

6=) + *a'2 HK (:) 4 2K#%

<2

.

)

(

) ( )

(

) (

!

/

/

/

/ /

/

/

!

"## $ %&'(

)*++&,' -" '# . /&, , , 01#" ,2

3 . /&, '# )# 45, * &,' 6&7, "## $ %&'(

8

&49:; <=

3 ,.+>; ?@2

# )*++&,' <#, ; 6&( 2:A

"#$ %&' *+,$ -./

0' ) 1222 (

$ *+,$

) 3422 (

5 *+,$

) 6422 (

-./ "#$

*+,$

!"

/

/

/

-./ "#$ 78

*+,$

!"

/ /

/

9:;

!"

/

/

/:<

=> ' ?&

@A

>

B C /

D<<

<

%

'

; ?& ' /:<

' E

F*

C /:<

GF'H

#I C

!"

/

/ /

/ /

J

C @A

"' 9H

CGK

' L D M ' NO

9:;

!"

/

/ /

/

/

(8)

' ;& '2 @ E 2'&8+ 4 P.R b#

i

% 2'&8 .

) %'+ + %1' P '2

')8 4 2'&8+

#%' =!

) 2K#% (LR

.

248 *'2 '2 ')8 - 'N) j

+ ++

j /

|j ) +

8 4 &

#%' ;#R 4 @+ 'N) - * *7'

% SI% '2 ')8 H 4 2'&8+ E P L

;#R n

) .'2 ) '2

+ . OQ ')8 'N)

") - + ++ 2

}i}n /

 - * 2+

* + 'N)

% +6I) 'N) *#!+& #) () 2 *+

.

5 .'2 + ‚+ / 2'&8+ E SH. +

oi

) .'2

8 4 & + 5 .'2 ;=B P+B 'N) *

-

$+ $++ $+& & $@ E + SH. + j

.'2

% 5 .'2 'N) 2 *+ SH. +

$)8 $%

) ' +6I) ,B' E - '2 $2

. $E -+$+

P6H & */D + G P+B ƒ $% $+ $

.

;& * 'G i

) $ 2'&8$+ OQ 2

'2 ) SI% '2 ! HQ #) + n

$) SI$% '2 2 B & (9AH .'2

'2

i & .'2 '$< 4$

;$% ;$G '2 $24+ 2$

$) SI$% '2 *a'2 +L & )8'2

'2 n 4 $.'2

) ')8 H ) '2

+ .

#) 24+ 2

'$< 4$ ;$% ;G '2 &

B 2 '2 $K) $g

$) '2 #) &

$

! AH L$ & $)8'2 (9 +

'2 '2 *$a

$g

=Z) ) '2 &' + 24+ <2 *+ P

4 1

'2 ') *a

% . -$ *$+ *$ $+

O$Q 2$N) *$

E '2 #)

@ ' ‡ !K 6+B $g L 2

8 *=%H)

.

*$I+' 4 2K#$% $+ $<2 *+ P -E) i

$+

2 ') *a' kk|h

$%2 *$+ 24+ + ;'

)8 . '2 ;$% ;G '2 6H) 2'&8+ u% + -

2&R ki

K '/

24+ ') *a'2 4 )

$ L$

*=$%H) $4 *$I+' {=G *a'2 - *@% K C4' ) 2:

r

(

=

*@% K C4'

) <2 *+ P -E ×

*@% 124+ 2

j (

= ') *a'2 *@% K C4'

;' nnojh

= kk|h × ki

*$a'2 $K C4' -$ '$3) *$+ *$I) - - O!R+ 4 ') $<2 *$+ Q' ?2) 8 *

#! *a'2 - 4 2K#% + *2&'& V *+ 6=) ?D .

- 2& + $+ *$% ;$R '2 ' *

^$$%#) $$ -$$ $$)8'2 SI$$%

$$%

i / j}

$$.'2

4 2K#$% $ 6=) <2 *+ QR 124+

#! *a'2 .

$<2 *$+ P -E) *I) - '2

4+

12 kk|h

;' ) $+ *$2&'& B V *+

$24+

( &

*$a'2 $K *@$% C4' noj

/ n

2'&8+ ;' 2'6)

. $<2 *$+ P ^%#) /)

') *a'2 4 124+ + *=%H) )

kk|h

;' ( ^$% $ *=%H) ‚6=) *+ "2/

Amirnejad

&

Khalilian

) (2005

W'$$ 4 $$24+ $$+

$$6) #!$$61

) kih

;' (

Dashti

&

Sohrabi

) (2008

2K#$% $+

[$ ($= W' 4 )

kk

;$' (

Khodaverdizade

&

':

) (2008

&$ #$%&' 4 $24+ + )

k|i

;$$' ( &

Godarzi

) (2009

'$$ P$$E 4 $$24+ $$+

'4) )

h|i

'

; (

% $) ) - ‚$6=) $2

$<2 *+ P ^%#) /) 2&H) '2 *=%H) 2'2 'B ' =G EK 4 124+

.

$#) * 22 *I) b#

'2 $24+ 2$

'< 4 ;% ;G K) g '2 2 B &

) #) & '2 +L & )8'2 (9AH !

) =Z) g '2 *a'2

$<2 *+ P &' + '2

'$) *$a'2 4 124+

$%

. $#) -gy$)

*a'2 +L ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻲﻳ ﺪﺷ -$ $ $g *=$%H) *

(9)

!" #$

%& '() *+ ,- %'() /0 1

2 % 1 34 % 516 "7 % 5

18

) #) K$. 4 8 $ * 2

) 2$= eL$

*a'2 ( " *+

) L *$a'2 2$+ e (

5/$ O=$%

hj

) 124+ <2 *+ P ;#R .'2 2

.

*# + {+I) g - $

Khodaverdizade

'$: &

) (2008

ــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ

Dashti

&

Sohrabi

) (2008

$$%

.

$$)8'2 $$ 2'&8$$+ $$E '2 gy$$) $$#) -$$)&2 ) 124+

/$ ;$' $ $+

O=$% $)8'2 5

5/$$$

hi $$$<2 *$$$+ P$$$ ;$$$#R $$$.'2

$) 1$24+

2$

. ($I) b$#

Amirnejad

&

Khalilian

) (2005 Emami

&

Ghazi

) (2008

&

Godarzi

) (2009

+ / )8'2 =Z) g

% .

) ! #) g !$ * 2

24+

K. 4 )

4 ( " *+

) 2$) ( 5/$ O=$%

h

$) <2 *+ P ;#R .'2 $

2$) $ 2

5+ P 4 2K#$% $+ *$2&'& ‚6=) <2 *+

'2 *a'2 HK (:) .

SI$% '2 ;$% $ 5/

5/$$ Y$$V+ 1$$24+ (9A$$H k

/ nn $$.'2

<2 *+ P ;#R ) 24+ '2

P2 * 2

5+ 18 8 O) 4 2

ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز zKR &

4

ﺒﻃ ﻴ ﺖﻌ SI% 5/ ,N#!)M b# 4 ) - * %

(9AH ) e!H)

2 . *# + {+I) *D# -

Amirnejad

&

Khalilian

) (2006 Sattout نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ و

) (2007 Khodaverdizade

': &

) (2008

&

Dashti

&

Sohrabi

) (2008

% .

B

# <7 4# , '# 6C D&"

/&, E( F'#

.

7 P&Q

RS z C+

C* T

#$ %&

/ ' /

'

/ (

)*+,

/ /

/ /

-.0 /

/

/

/

12 134 " 567 /

'

/ '

/

/ '

"38 9

/ ' /

'

/

/ '

:;+<= )>

/ '

/ '

/ /

'

?"

/ /

/ /

@A6" )7B,

/

/

/

/

/ Probability (LR stat) =

/ Percentage of Right Prediction =

/ McFadden R-squared =

/ LR statistic (7 df) =

/ 24+ 2 5

K) g ;% ;G '2

$) '2

&' + ;#R

$+ 2'2 $<2 *$+ P '$G *

$+ *$

/ 24+ 5

;$% ;G '2 kh

/ nk ;$#R 4 $.'2

24+ <2 *+ P

) *#% 1

* 2

) -

2 *+

+6I) 5 P

/ &

/ g 5

* $ ‚$6=) -

&' + 2<

+ ($2 *$ % $

# 4 ;$% '2

'2 2 *a ) . K) g ) '2 '< 4 $

/

'2 2'2 'B #%' -

/ 5 4 *+ K "

2 *+ 2<

/ g P

* $+

5 5$ O=$% $ kr

/ o

.'2 ;#R

) <2 *+ P

2 .

# *I) *D

Dashti

&

Sohrabi

) (2008

y) / ) -

% . $g

B 2 / ) /$ *$ 2

$ 5

' B ; 2 5 O=%

h /

 .'2 ;#R

24+ <2 *+ P

'2 4 1

) *a 2 . g -

) '% H * 2

$Q '4$+

B $1 $

2 /$

5 ;$#R $+

$=Z) ‹$%

'2

WTP

$) 5

$+

. $ $) - $ -$x 4 '&2 / ?$ & 2$=

6=B (I)

p O6I) -

% .

(10)

8 4 #) *

+L$

'2 gy$) *$a

$+ P$)V -

<2 *+ P

% &

*+ * + /

# ;& b

h

&

k ) 2 2 K (:) C#!1 + @„!)

H

' 4'& &

`B T' & *NI) '2 $) $2= &

2=+

K #+ (:)

$ 4$% &

' $

%#%2 &

$+ O$%) (:) 2D

2$<

$ 3 $

1&2' E& &

LM 2) eL$ Y$V+

$ $

'2 & *a / *+

$ " *) ' 5 .

m$G 4

2 / E 24+ (2 2 5

V 4 P)

*+ P

<2 )

+ . ++

- ) +

*7' K0 U &

$ c

24+ *+

'2 'G 1

*$VB ?D *a $

&'

6+

^ 2&'&

&

† & / $ ;$#R 1$+ *$+ c

24+ $<2 *+ P

/$ ' 1$

T$) & 22 5

6+ 4 P.R

^ 2&'&

* + ' / +L 5 H) & ^

24+ ' 2+ ' *+ 1 .

*+ * +

XB&

!:<

<

"$< & *$NI) '2

@$$+ $$.'2 $$

'2 4

$$+ 4 O=$$% *$$ *$$a

-#$$' -

4 (2) *NI) '2 2)

gp K) $6B + ,

*NI) *#2 &

*+

+ 4 K ($:) -#$' -

$H '2 *$a

ﻣﺎﺠﻧا ﻴ هﺪ . %

) * 6V ()B 2

+ ;$#

0+8 4R '2 e8 2+

'2 / 1 ('. *a $

('$3 & 2

B2 { + ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻴ ﺖ <'

* ?B * *NI) '2 2)

+ 2+ *+

&' e8 * + 4%

8 F9) )

$

1 ('.

2 .

+*

$B8 4 *6$%& - '2 *$ 2$. & '$ u$)

*)% P:

T &

22 '&8

$2 '$:

) 2'B & : 2

.

- Amigues, J., C. Boulatoff & B. Desaigues, 2002. The benefits and costs of riparian analysis habitat preservation: a willingness to accept / willingness to pay contingent and valuation approach. Ecological Economics. 43:17-31.

- Amirnejad, H. & S. Khalilian, 2005. Estimating the tourist value of national park Golestan and determination effective variables on willingness to pay of individuals. The 5th Iranian Conference on Agriculture Economics, Sistan and Balochestan University, Zahedan. 7 - 9 September.

- Amirnejad, H. & S. Khalilian, 2006. An estimating the recreational and protective value of forest parks of sisangan, Nowshahr by using a willingness to pay of individuals method, Iranian National Resource Journal, 20:

365-376.

- Amirnejad, H., S. Khalilian & M.H. Assareh, 2007. Estimating the existence value of north forests of Iran by using a contingent valuation method, Ecological Economics, 58: 665- 675.

- Azad University of Shiraz, weblog of jeoclima Group, 2008. Maharloo lake, on available in www.blogfa.com.

- Cochran, W. G., 1977. Sampling techniques, 3 rh edition, Whley and Sons, Inc, USA.

- Costanza, R., R.d. Arge, R. de Groot, M. Grass, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R. V. O., Neil, J.

Paruelo, R.G. Rakin, P. Sutton & M. Van den Belt, 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, 387: 253-260.

- Dashti, Gh. & F. sohrabi, 2008. Estimating the recreational value of nobovat park of Karaj by using a contingent valuation method, Iranian National Resource Journal, 61(4): 921- 932.

- Echeverria, J., M. Hanrahan & R. Solorzano, 1995. Valuation of non- priced amenities provided by the biological resources within the monterverde cloud forest preserve, Costarica, Ecological Economics, 13: 43-52.

- Emami Meybodi, A. & M. ghazi, 2008. Estimating the recreational value of saee park of Tehran by using a contingent valuation method, Iran Economics Researchs Journal, 36: 187- 210.

- Fars News Agency, 2009. Interview with natural Environment assistant of total office of Fars Environment Protection, on available in www.farsnews.ir.

(11)

" #$

! %& '() *+ ,- %'() /0 1

2 % 1 34 % 516 "7 %

18

185

- Fetras, M. H., 1998. Look over the value theory in economics and investigation of valuation methods in ecological estimates, Agriculture Economics and development Journal, 23.

- Godarzi, M., 2009. Estimating the recreational value of nour forest of Mazandaran by using a willingness to pay of individuals method, Abstracts of 7th Iranian Conference on Agriculture Economics Articles, p.9.

- Gurluk, S., 2006. The estimation of ecosystem services value in the region of Misi rural development project: Results from a contingent valuation survey, Journal of Forest Policy and Economics. 9(3): 209- 218.

- Haneman, W.M., 1984. Welfare evaluation in contingent valuation experiments with discrete responses, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(3): 332- 341.

- Howarth, B. R. & S. Farber, 2002. Accounting for the value of ecosystem services, Ecological Economics, 41: 421- 429.

- Judge, G., C. Hill, W. Griffiths, T. Lee. & H. Lutkepol, 1982. Introduction to the theory and practice of econometrics, New York: Wiley.

- Khodaverdizadeh, M., b. Hayati & M. Kavosi kalashmi, 2008. Estimating the outdoor recreational value of kandovan tourism village of east Azarbayjan with the use of contingent valuation method, Environmental Science Journal, 4: 43- 53.

- Khorshiddoust, A.M., 2006. Contingent valuation in estimating the willingness to pay for environmental conservation in Tabriz, Iran, Environmental Studies, 30: 12-21.

- Khosravi, M. & M. Salarpour, 2009. Estimating the recreational and protective value of parishan pond by using of contingent valuation method, Abstracts of 7th Iranian Conference on Agriculture Economics Articles, p.113.

- Lee, C., 1997. Valuation of nature- based tourism resources using dichotomous choice contingent valuation method, Tourism Management, 18(8): 587- 591.

- Lee, C. & S. Han, 2002. Estimating the use and preservation values of national parks tourism resources using a contingent valuation method, Tourism Management, 23: 531- 540.

- Leinhoop, N. & D. MacMillan, 2007. Valuing wilderness in Iceland: Estimation of WTP and WTP using the market stall approach to contingent valuation, Land Use Policy, 24 (1): 289- 295.

- Loomis, J. B. & A. Gonzalez- Cabon, 1998. A willingness to pay function for protecting acres of spotted Owl habitat from fire, Ecological Economics, 25: 315- 322.

- Majnonian, H., 1967. Method of economics study about parks and recreation places, Environmental Studies, No. 9.

- Salazar, S. & L. Mendez, 2005. Estimating the non- market benefits of an urban park: Dose proximity matter? Land Use Policy: 24(1): 296- 305.

- Sattout, E. J., S. N. talhouk, & P. D. S. Caligari, 2007. Economic value of cedar relics in Lebanon: An application of contingent valuation method for conservation, Ecological Economics, 61: 315- 322.

- Sinden, J.A. & D.A., King, 1990. Articles and notes adoption of soil conservation measures in manilla shire, south weales, Review Marketing and Agricultural Economics, 58 (2,3): 179-192.

- Thomas, H. & B. Christopher, 1997. Conjonint analysis of groundwater protection programs. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 57: 188 - 198.

- Venkatachalam, L, 2003. The contingent valuation method: a review, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24: 89- 124.

(12)

Estimating the Outdoor Recreation Value of Maharloo Lake of Shiraz with the Use of Contingent Valuation Method

M. Manafi Mollayosefi1 and B. Hayati*2

1 Postgraduate Student, Agricultural Management, Tabriz University, I.R. Iran

2 Associate Prof., Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, I.R. Iran (Received: 25 June 2010, Accepted: 08 February 2011)

Abstract

Maharloo Lake, located at 23 kilometers from Shiraz, has high value for local people and passengers due to its mild weather and natural interests. Studying recreational values of this place is necessary to predict needs, remove scarcities and tourism development. The aim of this research is to estimate the outdoor recreational value of Maharloo Lake with the use of contingent valuation method. To study the effective variables on willingness to pay per visit by individuals, logit model was used to estimate maximum likelihood. Requested data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing 188 individuals who visited the lake during summer 2007. Results revealed that 74.5 percents of individuals agreed to pay for each visit. Also results showed that education, lake absorption, gender and revenue had a positive significant effect and bid, number of yearly visits and family size had negative significant effect on probability of willingness to pay. Mean willingness to pay for each visitor per year was 3392 RLs and annual outdoor recreation value of Maharloo Lake was estimated 1187200000 RLs.

Key Words: Outdoor recreation value, Contingent valuation method, Logit model, Willingness to pay, Maharloo lake

Corresponding author: Tel: +98 411 3392784 Fax: +98 411 3356004 E-mail: b-hayati@tabrizu.ac.ir

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

یپوکسورکیم عطاقم فیصوت همادا رد هنومن ره یارب لیصفت هب یپوکسورکیم عطاقم فیصوت م ی :دیآ لکش 6 - لودج 2 I-1 هنومن ۀیلا زاI-1 LN127 ؛تسا یعیبط ۀیلا ،یرافح میت شرازگ ساسا رب هیلا

Results and Discussion At the palm oil processing plant, the sterilizer is a pressure vessel that functions as a cooking tool for Fresh Fruit Bunches using Steam with a Steam pressure