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Effect of Functionalized Nano_Zeolite with Nitrogen on Nitrate Leaching in the Cultivation of Two Bean Species
Moslem Heydari1*, Seyed Mohsen Moussavi Nik2, Noushin Mir3
1. Ph.D. Student, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
Received: December 31, 2019 Accepted: September 14, 2020
Abstract
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has caused contamination of soil as well as surface and groundwater resources. For this purpose, an experiment has been conducted to investigate the possibility of reducing surface water pollution with nitrate and also the effect of nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of beans as a factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in Hamadan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center between 2013 and 2014. The first factor includes four types of nitrogen fertilizers, X1 (zeolite - EN), X2 (zeolite - AcAcEN), X3 (zeolite - HED), X4 (urea fertilizer), and X0 (control sample - no fertilizer use) and the second one involves two bean species, namely red beans (Phaseolus vulgarize L.) of Derakhshan cultivar and genotype 29005 of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Applying functionalized zeolite nanofertilizers reduces nitrate leaching from the experimental units (pots). Meanwhile, zeolite X3 fertilizer is capable of reducing nitrate leaching by 48% in comparison with urea fertilizer. The amount of soil nitrogen in pots, containing X3 fertilizer, is 0.115 ppm and, compared to the urea fertilizer treatment, it improves this element’s maintenance in the soil by 30%. Accordingly, X3 fertilizer increases chlorophyll, protein, and grain yield by 44%, 64%, and 56%, respectively, in comparison with the control. In general, the application of functionalized nano zeolites has a beneficial role in reducing nitrate leaching and improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bean plants.
Keywords: Bean,clinoptilolite zeolite, nanofertilizer, nitrate leaching,
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* * .6 4 q 9 % * * 9 , R D [
* 9 3* 4 $
| 4 . & -& *
' , -& 5d | 4 #& ?@
I .*
-&
, R 3* 4 $ % [ % &
.6 4 ) $
Hosseini et al., 2000; Abedi-Koupai
& Asadkazemi, 2006; Gholam; Heydari et al., 2015
.(
, R % & * ;4 * D G
.6 4 $ *
' * % O" ZG < 9 3* 4 $ $
Q $ B .6 4 . * * C 4 * '/O
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2009; Timsina et al., 2001
.(
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Shaviv, 2000
2& .(
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Shaviv, 2000; Asghari Moghaddam &
Adigozalpour, 2016
' ' ( '
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Q * _4 % H4 D * G ' .6 4 ,(Oh - .6 4 .*F ': & ' , * l *F 9
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) Yoldas & Esiyok, 2004
, R b * ) * .( X3
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X3
789
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q 9 * w
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Xiubin &
Zhanbin, 2001
q 9 )4 ;9 @G Q(
. ,= & * Q $ B .6 4 ' F
$
)
Afrous et al., 2005; Hosseini Abary et al., 2007;
Heydari et al., 2015; Gholam Hosseini et al., 2000
.(
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= X1
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AcAcEN
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HEN X4
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(
.
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. * 789
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#4[* o * 1
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3 .(
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D = O * 9
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% &
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E
") $ 4
.(
-& 5d | 4 -& 5d % &
0 > - *F=* 789 ' .*
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* ,J p [ )
Heydari et al., 2018; Gholam
Hosseini et al., 2000; Mumpton, 1999
( .
… D = O c $ ' '4/ ) * ' '" 9 .6 4 #&* = -& , R -J
$
E G ' 5 * / F } I9 * .6 4 )
Gholam
Hosseini et al., 2000
* ;4 * D = O F4 .*F (
.6 4 - ( ' ., * '4= I< , R '
* Q, R % , $
$ $ .6 4 %
!I $ B > G ) * #&* = - *F=*
, * D = O F4 I<
)
Gholam Hosseini et
al., 2000
.(
p [ -& 5d D = O F4 F
, R H - *F=* &
) #& .,= % *
4 * -& 5d .*
, R ' l *F
! … D = O Q.6 4 # 9 ' J *
& $ 13 ) * - *F=* E
Madani et al., 2010
.(
3 . 4 GA .
| 4 . 1 j * ' Fq9 2C 3* 7* ' &
.6 4 % &
2& * ' D J4 7* ) :
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% 4 .(
p [ 'H •
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, R ' OIC % &
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)
Heydari et al., 2018; Gholam Hosseini et al., 2000;
Mumpton, 1999
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( ' Q ( * F C '
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1999; Heydari et al., 2017; Gholam Hosseini et al.,
.
(2000
' Q * _ & #&
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Mumpton, 1999; Gholam
Hosseini et al., 2000
.(
v* _ * . @G
, R '_ * 9 &
) , * , B %i % *
Smith,
1976; Breck, 1984
D C p [ 'q 4 ) * Q(
., * ' " 9
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% O" * . 1 * , R w 6 /O#G ) l *F * *fh E G % & *
Gholam
Hosseini et al., 2000
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) * ' '" 9 .(
% & # 9 '
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H 3 ;9 w 6 /O#G % & * " % *
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, R * ;4 * ' * . 1 3 u % -& 5d | 4 % &
D G /O#G - *F=* I< ZG $ *
$
)
Abedi-Koupai & Asadkazemi, 2006
) * | 4 .(
-& 5d | 4 #& ?@ -& 5d ) _ .*
Heydari
et al., 2015; Heydari et al., 2018; Gholam Hosseini et
.
al., 2000; Mumpton, 1999
( ' . $ ( 789
- - *F=* r B * > 9 % .6 4 o 9
2 / % *f 789 … $ O 'H 9 % &
)
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(
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Abari et al., 2006; Heydari et al., 2017; Gholam
.
Hosseini et al., 2000
( D C p [ 'H 'q 4 ' " 9
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< ZG # $ % & , R * - %
9
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.(
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, O C '
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)
Yasuda et al., 1998
.
( 789* % O" , R .6 4 - *F=* .6 4 $
D C ) , * 3 I7* ' b 4
Hosseini Abari et
al., 2006; Heydari et al., 2018; Gholam Hosseini et
.
al., 2000
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3 I7* ' F _ & % &
) , *
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.(
4 + . ! <
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5 I< ZG , * 9 (X3
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