بررسی سمیت تنفسی اسانس سه گیاه دارویی روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوبات Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

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g#

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X²=17.27, df=5, P=0.004

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yR I

LC50

1 n =+

5 t(

(M

# ,

!I N

*+

0+!.:

! ,2

V 7 8 + 1

!BH ;2

*+

#

@+;

+

"

yR I n =+

*+

, 2 ) - 5 .(

-

1 -

n =+ 7(T+ 0 ?#5!) @+;# 1 + * 2 @ *

, *+ @ I #H

Foeniculum vulagre

5

Teucrium

t(

polium Satureja hortensis

*!

E - K

=

1

1387

3.

*+

Composition

(%) RT^* Compounds n =+ E?

32 /

2 10/39 Alpha-pinene

09 /

2 11/55 Beta-pinene

12 /

2 12/3 P-cymene

92 /

8 12/92 Limonene

14 /

12 14/74 Fenchone

47 /

5 17/72 P-allyl anisole 61

/

60 20/51 trans-anethol 33

/

6 ... Other

*+, Foeniculumvulgare

33 /

11 10/42 Alpha-pinene 77

/

5 11/57 Beta-pinene

34 /

4 11/68 Myrcene

03 /

5 12/9 Limonene

29 /

2 16/83 Cis-verbenol

29 /

11 19/03 Carvone

58 /

1 19/36 Trans-piperitenone oxide 72

/

21 22/55 Piperitenone oxide 72

/

2 24/19 Beta-caryophyllene 2

/

3 25/72 Germacrene D

23 /

6 28/17 Spathulenol

4 /

3 28/33 Caryophyllene oxide 28

/

4 29/91 Beta-eudesmol 82

/

16 ... Other

t(5 Teucriumpolium

01 /

1 10/14 Alpha-thujene 33

/

1 10/39 Alpha-pinene

82 /

1 11/68 Myrcene

68 /

4 12/56 Gamma-terpinene 31

/

4 12/76 P-cymene

77 /

27 13/83 Thymol

13 /

50 20/71 Carvacrol

21 /

2 18/92 Carvacrol methyl ether 74

/

6 Other

*! Saturejahortensis

-

2 -

T

|!

!#

N= = e 5 0+!.:

3[

,P\

0 2 ?: 1+

C. maculatus

)

#8 1 PR

"#W #

± (

7 ' ) 9# = !f+

n =+

I

*! t(5 , *+ 1

9`(&

*+ nD X(BY 1 I 24

9M =

n =+ E?

!.: n - n =+ 9`(&

(JL.L^-1)

#8 1 PR

"#W #±

! 81

/ 14

67 / 16

52 / 18

33 / 23

30 / 26

63 / 29 67

/

±1 67 / 11

11 /

±2 33 / 23

67 /

±1 33 / 38

24 /

±2 00 / 55

07 /

±3 71 / 67

67 /

±1 33 / 88

,*+ Foeniculumvulgare 26

/ 19

85 / 21

52 / 28

59 / 32

04 / 37

22 / 42 00

/

±0 00 / 10

00 /

±0 00 / 20

07 /

±3 33 / 38

11 /

±2 67 / 56

11 /

±2 67 / 76

24 /

±2 00 / 95

! 52

/ 38

81 / 44

48 / 51

63 / 59

26 / 69

00 / 80 67

/

±1 33 / 8

33 /

±3 67 / 26

58 /

±2 00 / 50

07 /

±3 67 / 61

33 /

±3 37 / 73

65 /

±3 00 / 90

t(5 Teucriumpolium 59

/ 62

74 / 70

00 / 80

00 / 90

85 / 101

81 / 114 58

/

±2 00 / 10

58 /

±2 00 / 30

11 /

±2 67 / 56

58 /

±2 00 / 70

67 /

±1 33 / 78

07 /

±3 67 / 91

! 19

/ 45

19 / 55

04 / 67

48 / 81

00 / 100

22 / 122 58

/

±2 00 / 10

28 /

±4 00 / 25

58 /

±2 00 / 40

07 /

±3 33 / 58

11 /

±2 33 / 73

07 /

±3 67 / 91

*! Saturejahortensis 19

/ 85

52 / 118

04 / 137

96 / 162

89 / 188

22 / 222 67

/

±1 33 / 8

58 /

±2 00 / 20

58 /

±2 00 / 40

11 /

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24 /

±2 00 / 65

11 /

±2 33 / 83

*: Retention time

-

3 -

A2+

9#2 !D ;#a K

|!

!#

-

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24

= *+ 7

9M =

7 ' ) 9#

n =+

I 1 *! t(5 , *+

1

,P\ 3[ N= = e 5 0+!.:

C. maculatus 1+

n - N#/') ,2

.5 9`(&

(µl.L^-1)

)

@ # V+ : 95

T

( n - n =+ E?

n !.:

)

#8 1 PR (±

¥g#

M² (df=4) 9?

t 7B# ~ !BI

) 95 / 0 ( B5 6 LC50 g

LC90

!

AB 420 ) 72 /

±0 ( 09 / 7 59 / 2 81 / 9 65 / 0 039 / 31 0

/ 21

36 / 22 - 32 / 20 29

/ 32

37 / 36 - 77 /

29 , *+

F. vulgare

a 420 ) 71 /

±0 ( 58 / 7 97 / 5 70 / 10 49 / 1 10 / 45 0

/ 29

98 / 31 - 11 / 27 47

/ 43

18 / 53 - 72 / 38

!

A 420 ) 76 /

±0 ( 55 / 7 14 / 3 98 / 9 79 / 0 038 / 63 0

/ 54

13 / 57 - 18 / 52 75

/ 80

66 / 89 - 97 /

74 t(5

T. polium

a 420 ) 93 /

±0 ( 43 / 9 91 / 3 13 / 10 98 / 0 037 / 75 0

/ 80

70 / 83 - 72 / 77 43

/ 110

43 / 119 - 37 / 104

!

B 420 ) 56 /

±0 ( 73 / 5 02 / 1 17 / 10 26 / 0 037 / 36 0

/ 74

96 / 78 - 06 / 70 40

/ 124

04 / 143 - 59 /

112 *!

S. hortensis

b 420 ) 62 /

±0 ( 69 / 5 68 / 1 21 / 9 42 / 0 045 / 66 0 / 156

53 / 166 - 80 / 147 91

/ 263

06 / 309 - 58 / 235

:n

< *K 0+!.: + 8) :¥ ,2 . u !: 2 } PR g#

)

| ;2 :

! +!6+

5 [ N : +!6+

( u%BR+ !W / 2 @ B=

7 8 + + 1 ) } PR @ 2 1*+ ,#s!6 @ *K

P<0.05

(

-

4 -

9?

LC₅₀

1 I

@ # V+ :

95

¥%

\

93-

3 K N= = !

0+!.: 9#= : "#2 ,

,P\ 3[

0 2 ?: 1+

C. maculates

7 ' ) 9# = !f+

n =+

I

!#cB LC509?

@ # V+ : 95

T

n =+ E?

LC50) ! LC50: (

n =+ !I ,2 9? ! 0+!.: 9#= : "#2 , \

, *+

38 /

* 1 48 / 1 - 29 / 1

t(5 48

/

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11 /

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%

!( !D @ )!2 b Q =+ !2 )

1992 ( ,?= $ .

:*

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%

+ -

.

-

5 -

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LC50

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95

¥%

9# = , \

93-

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I

= 1 ,P\ 3[ N=

0 2 ?: 1+

C. maculatus

') ,2 /

# N n -

!#cB LC509?

@ # V+ : 95

T

!.: n - LC50)

, *+

LC50:

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( 9# = "#2 , \

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32 /

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!.: n - LC50)

t(5 LC50:

*!

( 9# = "#2 , \

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/

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94 /

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LC50: t(5 ( 9# = "#2 , \

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74 /

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%

!( !D @ )!2 b Q =+ !2 )

1992 ( ,?= $ .

:*

u%BR+

7 8 + "#2 1

LC50

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%

+ -

.

@-

v B 7= !2 9# = 7 ' ) n =+

I 1 , *+

t(5

*!

1 0+!.:

e 5 N

* N= =

3[

,P\

1+

@ . + ,5

@+;#

0 '() 0+!.:

e 5 2

< +;6+

9`(&

n =+

< +;6+

96 . - A2+

9?{

"#2 T 0 '() 9`(&

n =+

I ,2 ,(#=

;#a K

9#2 !D

;#

# )

!H ) - 2 .(

!f+

9`(&

n =+

9# = 7 ' ) 0 \#\$)

X(BY

;#

@ . +

9=+

.

*+

,( - 9# = 7 ' ) n =+

Heracleum

!t(H

persicum Desf.

Q R P=+

Lavandula

officinalis L.

@ R!)

Artemisia dracunculus L.

7) 5 5

Ziziphora clinopodioides Boiss.

7I 5 1

0+!.:

e 5 N= = 3[

,P\

1+

2

< +;6+

9`(&

n =+

+

< +;6

(Lolestani & Shayesteh, 2009;

96

Manzoomi et al., 2010)

. , \ 9#= : 0+!.:

!

2 'B=+

*+

9?

LC50

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0+!.:

9?

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L \

!) 2 ) - 4 .(

9#= :

!B.#2 +!6+

!

N= = 1 I

#R 2 , \

2 +!6+

9?

,2

9# = 7 ' ) n =+

I 1 7I #H 0 \#\$)

X(BY

@ . +

(Papachristos & Stamopoulos,

9=+

2002; Papachristos et al., 2004)

.

!2 Q =+

b +;H

Papachristos & Stamopoulos (2002)

+!6+

N= =

Acanthoscelides obtectus Say

#2 a

, \ 2 +!6+

! 9 \ 1!B.#2 ,2 9# = 7 ' )

n =+

I 1

Rosmarinus officinalis L.

1 * r 8

Mentha viridis L.

;?=

Citrus sinensis

\)!D

Osbeck

@ . + .

^ e a B:+

7 0 ')

= :

# 9

0+!.:

! ,2

n =+

/

"

9=+

7

*+

0 ')

0+!.:

!

*+

!`

*+ +

@*

#

@+;

2![

7

@ 2

#

; 0 ') b

]=

+ * 7 n =+

!I N

*+

n - I

(Weaver et al., 1991; Weaver et al.,

2

1994; Papachristos & Stamopoulos, 2002;

.

Papachristos et al., 2004)

.

v B 7= !2

!s :

@ . + ,5 n =+

, *+

*!

,2 g#)!)

" !B.#2

" !B 5 9# =

+ (M

# ,

0+!.:

5 e N= = 3[

,P\

1+

0 2 ?:

B + .

LC50

@+;#

n =+

*!

<#2

*+

5 / 3

!2+!2

LC50

n =+

, *+

<#2

*+

5 / 1

!2+!2

@+;#

" + yR

n =+

t(5 2 ) - 7 .(

9# = 7 ' ) 0 'B

n =+

I 1 X(BY 1

N , H

!.:

0 8a P

! =

@+ . +

;#

@ . +

(Keita et al.,

9=+

2001; Aslan et al., 2004; Manzoomi et al., 2010)

.

9# = 7 ' ) n =+

, *+

*!

1 7R!2 0 6K

*+

,( - ,.t

; !Z

Tribolium castaneum Herbst

K

N( M

Bemisia tabaci Genn.

,? D E2

7 (M

7= !2

(Kim & Ahn, 2001; Aslan et al.,

9=+

2004; Chaubey, 2006) Chaubey

.

(2006)

@+;#

LC50

7 ' ) n =+

*+

, 0 24 9M = ,#(M

,.t

; !Z K +

!2+!2 55 / 18

!B#a !/#

!2 a#

!B + I

b +;H 5

! . 0 \#\$)

Aslan et al.

(2004)

+ \

LC50

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*!

1 0+!.:

e 5 N( M

,? D 8 44 / 0

!/#

!B#a

!2

!B#a + I b +;H

!H

,5

# 2

!B 5

LC50

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n =+

54 1

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,P\ 3[

1+

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= :

# 9 2#

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( M N

,? D

\ , 2

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,P\

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2 .

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!.:

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I 1 +!YB=+

*+

9#8 - 1 I N H , 7I #H yY.

pV

<

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*+

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,B + 2 ,5 ,G#B

0+!f+

7/ ~ a #2 7'(BY

1 0+!.:

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(Isman et al., 2007; Ngamo et al., 2007)

.

0 8a P 0 T ,B6!H

@ . 7 I ,5 n =+

I 1

7I #H ,2

!V R 1+;-+

* =

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1 # 2

*+

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1 ? + + . 9\#\:

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1 +!6 B I ,5 1+!2

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g=

7

(Lee et al., 2003; Garcìa et al.,

2

2005)

.

;#a K

#

# 7 n =+

I 1

= !2 7

,8a P R+

#

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,5 7(T+

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, *+

n +!) -

B +

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t(5

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5+

'aK

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-

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0+!f+

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7R!2

*+

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0+!.:

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# )

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9=+

2001; Lee et al., 2003; Moravvej & Abbar, 2008)

.

!2 Q =+

0 \#\$)

Kim & Ahn (2001)

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@ l 6 B=+

H+!

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, *+

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,P\

1+

0 2 ?:

,.t

Sitophilus oryzae L.

v !2

B + .

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42 / 0 7(#

L!H

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) 8 98 / 49

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nD

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7I 100 T 0 '() 1

.:

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,.t

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v !2 ,.t

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0

surinamensis L.

7= !2

(Lee et al., 2001,

!H

2003, 2004)

.

!2 Q =+

b +;H

Lee et al.

(2001)

"D!) 1 I + D -

" #=

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0+!.:

e 5 ,.t

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@ H !?

LC50

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€ 6

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5 / 61 7 / 79 7 / 69

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Najafi et al.

v

(2010)

: 60 - 55

T

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n =+

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1 :

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2 .

,8a P

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; 5 + 5

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1. Estragole

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Lee et al.

(2001)

9# =

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? !\) ,2 .

LC50

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) 1 / 74

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, *+

*!

t(5 7

@+ ) 9# = 7 ' ) n =+

I 1 54 1

N= = 3[

,P\

1+

7= !2

!s : + ,#- )

!5 .

v B

" + 7= !2 75 :

*+

9# = 7 ' ) e2 Z ,- )

n =+

I 1 , *+

t(5

*!

1 N= = 3[

,P\

1+

0 2 ?:

e# BD 1 !2 5 3 K

9h ':

*+

0 2 ?:

,#(M N= = 3[

,P\

1+

7 2 . Na+48

'B=+

1 !2 5

" + n =+

I ,2

@+ M

9h ':

5 1 I 1 ? + L;(B

L G + 0 \#\$)

!B H , # *

+ B=+

1* = n =+

I 7 =

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86 72 #B=

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@ #=^ !6 g=

@ !\

,2 ,6!T 93-

!2 5 3 K

A#$

? + 7 2 .

AB C

<I iD

!s : .Y2 7

*+

D

@ , 5

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W + 7 2 .

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= !6 7 3.

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B.D

#

? 7 a 7

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:

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7

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+

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<I iD l I

#

"

*+

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!H .

REFERENCES

1. Aslan, I., Ozbek, H., Calmasur, O. & Sahin, F. (2004). Toxicity of essential oil vapours to two greenhouse pests, Tetranychus urticae Koch. and Bemisia tabaci Genn. Industrial Crops and Products, 19, 167-173.

2. Behdad, E. (2002). Introductory Entomology and Important Plant Pests in Iran (1^th ed.). Yad Bood Publishing, Isfehan. (In Farsi)

3. Boateng, B. A. & Kusi, F. (2008). Toxicity of jatropha seed oil to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4 (8), 945-951.

4. Caswell, G. H. (1980). A review of the work done in the entomology section of Institue for Agricultural Research. (ed.), Samaru Miscellan Paper (Nigeria). (pp. 12).

5. Caswell, G. H. (1981). Damage of stored cowpeas in the northern part of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Research, 1, 154-158.

6. Chaubey, M. K. (2006). Toxicity of essential oils from Cuminum cyminum (Umbelliferae), Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) and Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae) against stored-product beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 34, 1719-1727.

7. Chaubey, M. K. (2007). Insecticidal activity of Trachyspermum ammi (Umbelliferae), Anethum graveolens (Umbelliferae) and Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) essential oils against stored-product beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 (11), 596-600.

8. Chaubey, M. K. (2008). Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pluse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Oleo Science, 57 (3), 171-179.

9. Garcìa, M., Donadel, O. J., Ardanaz, C. E., Tonn, C. E. and Sosa, M. E. (2005). Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum. Pest Management Science, 61, 612-618.

10. Golestani-Kalat, Z. (2009). The biological effects of Zataria multiflora Bioss. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). MSc.

dissertation. Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi)

11. Ilboudo, Z., Dabire, L. C. B., Nebie, R. C. H., Dicko, I. O., Dugravot, S., Cortesero, A. M. & Sanon, A.

(2010). Biological activity and persistence of four essential oils towards the main pest of stored cowpeas, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 46, 124- 128.

12. Isman, M. B., Machial, C. M., Miresmailli, S. & Bainard, L. D. (2007). Essential oil-based pesticide:

New insights from old chemistry. In H. Ohkawa, H. Miyagawa and P. W. Lee (Eds.), Pesticide Chemistry, Crop protection, Public Health, Environmental Safety. (pp. 201-209). Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim.

13. Kazemi, F., Talebi, A. A., Fathipour, Y. & Farahani, S. (2009). A comparative study on the effect of four leguminous species on biological and population growth parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae). Advances in Environmental Biology, 3(3), 226-232.

14. Keita, S. M., Vincent, C., Schmit, J. P., Arnason, J. T. & Belanger, A. (2001). Efficacy of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. applied as an insecticidal fumigant and powder to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 37, 339-349.

15. Kim, D. H. & Ahn, Y. J. (2001). Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 57, 301-306.

16. Kim, S. I., Park, C., Ohh, M. H., Cho, H. C. & Ahn, Y. J. (2003). Contact and fumigant activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).

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