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برنامه نمونه‌برداری و ترجیح میزبانی کفشدوزک خربزه، Epilachna chrysomelina (F.) (Col.: Coccinellidae). روی چند میزبان از خانواده کدوئیان در اهواز

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B C

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F) F . ) M L -

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(2)

7

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Epilachna

: ; !<'

!= '!=

4.!" 1 >8

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12 A<

6.

B # / &C

Epilachna chrysomelina (F.)

3.

D 5 6

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F=. G . , < !HE

(Anonymous, 1980)

. $ .

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6 ' .!L

6 M 8 < !HE = 6 NI. =

C F D O &@ /#!P NI. = Q # =E 3. 6.

. R S H

(Talhouk, 1969; Zahedi, 1993;

Moodi, 1994; Bagheri, 1995)

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< B ' - # . 8 1.! . U

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1966; Zahedi, 1993 & Moodi, 1994)

V = 5

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(Zahedi, 1993; Moodi, E

1994)

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^ + L

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$ 6.

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5

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4 4

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/ B '

`5 , 5 6 #!@ 4 5

6 e!K . F 4 !

/

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Khanjani, 2005)

. #!@ 23 %4 0

/

&D 3.

$

4 _ f.3 S ! /

(Izadpanah, 1989) # .

(1989) Rajgopal & Trivedi

. G . , 4

23 %4

5 6

Epilachna 7 8

# F=. $0 3. -

80 %

# . 4 4 . W @ 1 #

$ 1.

NKH # L # .!

d c A / 1 0 5 6 h&L9

W %L /

# . 3. /< D W Cij. E 1.! .

W @ 1.

E. chrysomelina

/% ] 6 8 W 8

# /V . /

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;= \A=

/ ,

.

# & $ . Q

V . NI.!

1.3 4 . # F 5. ,

V . NI.! FHE $ . W @ 3. 6! , &8 6.!#

/ l = # W ; , / mL 6 5

$ . 4 FHE $ . W @ F 5. $ ; n&A

3. 5.

/

# ) / oC W ;' 0

/] K@

.(

# mV A 6

3.

,Q

>

6 m 8 L / W HE

.!

.!d] c /

B &L 6 . !#

m 8 3.

> E F

/

# . 6 . !#

m 8 3.

# W.! I F L

/

. L#.

n= !# _

6 . !#

I.!j /

(Southwood & Henderson, 2002)

.

_ 4 ` E

n= !#

!#

6 .

; / m' N

$

m' n= . m'

I. n= Nd $

6 . !#

6 , m'

&I! $ 6

n=

` 5 ! I n= 1 3 M 9L . $

6 . !#

/

(Jafari et al., 2005) # .

6 . !#

NI.! 3.

X 6 ZV #

$

23 %4

5 6

Epilachna7 8

>8 F

L=

# / ' Cij. # /

.!#

6 K' b 9'.

W

! L /

!p B3X 6

3 F=.

KLD. W @ .!

6 c= ' : C

ZV # X NI.!

. $

$

23 %4

5 . + /

(Turnipseed & Shepard, 1980) Ghabn .

(1951)

I.

6 . !#

F>8 . 6 . !#

m 8 3.

F

#!@ 23 %4 _

!L q#!

FH!, !o )

.

Ali & El-Saeady, 1981

Turnipseed & (.

Shepard (1980)

' # 1 0' 1 3 ' G =

. 0 rL= 3. %L=.

6 . !#

3.

23 %4

Epilachna varivestis (M.)

6 ,

=

<

rL%5 j # !4 /

m 8 3.

5 X F

ZV #

$ 6 . !#

!4 . , 1 0' G > E .

s

!'!t

G $

6 . !#

m 8 3.

H!m F /

!4 .

Ali & El-Saeady (1983)

F>8 3. 6 . !#

m 8 I. #!@ 23 %4 F 6 . !#

. q#! !L

LH!, !o 5

H K' j # . /

M 9L .

h&L9 NI.! !4 6

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!4 G ;0 L%5

Azzam .

(2001)

I.

6 . !#

. 3 . m' !4 M 9L . ' # !5 3. @

. 5 H K' j # ' # /

FH!, !o .

Awadalla et al.

(2011)

I.

F>8 . 6 . !#

_ #!@ 23 %4 F m 8 3. 6 . !#

q#! !L

.

!4 M 9L .

1 . 1 L=3 @ W ' ; v%I . . . S 4

(3)

T> 6. 8. & 8 3. W HE / # \ 8!' 3. /5 ,E W HE F ! !#

/

# . W HE !r W ;C #

3. /wm#

1 # 5

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/ 5 / R p $ 5 3. 4 W HE F ! 1. '

%L=.

Giray .

1971) ( 23 %4 / # \ 8!'

#!@

6 . 1 # 5 . 5 @ #!@ 4 6

1 # . ;= @ !4 /= !# /5 r 3E c .!

E. chrysomelina \8!

H!m /

!4

Ali & El- .

Saeady 1986)

( 5 X YZ' 1. /= !# #

6 #!@ 23 %4 $ ZV # 1 #

5 4 @ 6

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>y. /5 r 3E c .!

$ !L # 23 %4 $ . $ ZV # 5 X 4 L . 3. . YZ' 1.

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5 1. $ !L 4 . 5 6

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mV A r` 5 1 4 ' 0 . # 8 ' # 6.

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n= !#

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C .!8. 6.

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% &

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!, F 4 1E .

C

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# 6 8 F 5 L "

.

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5

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Turnipseed &

Shepard 1980)

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NI.!

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G 6

.

#'

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j # ' #

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h&L9 NI.!

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5

> E G

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K) (

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!H 3.

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2

2 X

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:X

r

$

S2

: . 7 /m +' R 3. 4 > E F m 8 q 3 ' R # 8 ' #

# )

$ r 3. !L # 7 . (

. m'

n) (

!#

&# D S =.

!m' LC. F A@ M x >x h

6

m

!H 3.

;= d ! 3

Radjabi, 2004) (:

X K c

X n=K2+

:K

q +' •@

:X

r

$

10

c = % :

@!#

6.

) 6 ] (

$ r 3.

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/ G

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5 6 ' # 5

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!, F;t G .

6 NI.! 3. _ !5 7l=

6 3. G

' # 5

!, eYI L . !#

.

# [!# 6! 3 / • A= 6 ! I F m 8 $ #

!5 N4 F m 8 2

\A=

[!#

5 6 ' # 5

# @ 6

3. %L=.

!, 6 5

!, /= !# / = .

- () *

_ :X m ! I _ F m 8 3. 6 . !#

$ !L # 4 ! I F m 8 3. $ m 6 &I!

h&L9 NI.! N4 F m 8 # F; . /rL ; 5

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!,

(Mehdizadeh et al., 2008)

. .

$

= !#

/ . m'

(4)

h&L9 NI.!

6 #!@ 23 %4 6

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@ 3 =. 8 M 9L . 6

!, F;t G

A#.

# m 8 $

!5 F NI.! 3. _ 6

23 %4

m 8 # NI.! B ' R + F 3. %L=. # 6

=!, c#.

/ /= !#

.

$ ' . E. chrysomelina !

/ 0 1 2

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E. chrysomelina

6 O "

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!, 1 L V x TD . 5 6

@

3. 5. TD !; x 6

S !" = TD ;= @

#!@

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4 /

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= !#

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e!y _ - 3E $ .

=.

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R %' . 12

/L =

!L B + . .

_ G!#

4Y 1 5 , 3. [!#

) G!#

FI #

20 /L =

!L q#!

FI rL= #

B + . [!# O = .(

3. 6 N]. H # e!y h4

T5 /H K' j # M j! 6YP 4 L= _ 6

) 3 ' W .!j v%I o # ,

/

> E ( L .Y, .

4 }V # 23 %4 C _ 7l=

6

# # . Y, / 4 6 . @ ‚ &# 3. - "

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!, .

W 3E

23 %4 / # \ 8!' 8

B + . .!0' .

23 %4

5 6 3E %L=.

3. $= T5 -

!o 3 .YP /

# 1 0 .

6 !# e!y M 7l=

6! , &8 ! I .!H 3. ' FH!, .!D 1E

(Fujiyama & Katakura, 2001 & 2002)

. n '!' $ #

23 %4 & = # , !5 1 M 9L . 7

# 6 . 23 %4 1 5 , 6 I e!y 7l=

# ' # 0 . _ 1

oC 6

±1 30 /; F# j

±5 60 ] /

: /0 ' 10:14

FC =

L .Y, .

3. 7"

24

FI FC =

[!#

e!K

FI rL= & = # [!# , !5 3.

1O =

) S 5 F , F4! F@ = 7 &r . 2

(

!, ;= d

FH!, .!D %L=. 1 5 , \ 8!' m 1. C # .

. 3E $ -

# 4!' = , n 5 / B + . h&L9 .

1. Area measurement system 2. Gatehouse

1 ( ! '

3

. - 3E / # \ 8!'

E. chrysomelina

!; x @ ;= @ . 5 #!@ , >x $ # /= !#

.

1 ( ! '

4

@ . 5 #!@ 1 5 , 3. B - 3E

%L=. / 4 !; x @ ;=

.

1 ( ! '

4 )

E 3

# B = -

$ 23 %4 \8! 1 #

3E N;D - ) ;= @ (

, 5 /

" &I! 4 -

23 %4 ‚ &# 3.

6

!l= 1E 6

# ) 4

/ ( FH!, W ] .

B + . .!0' F 5 4Y W 3E 3. B. 4 !5 . 23 %4 & = [!# !5 3. YZ' \A=

m 3 .

# / -+ = 8!'

# \ . 8 W %'

YZ' • A= FI

z !j 3.

7 . +'

/H K' :i 4 •!j nV D

$ m'

!, .

< 6.!#

$ r 1 3E 3. 5 )LSD

B!

SAS . H.

(

%L=.

.

$ ' . E. chrysomelina !

0

&

L # 8 ' # 3. N] I O

8!'

\

# /

E. chrysomelina

.!

3E c 5 r

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C 6.

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!, . . 3E $ - 5 C

;P # / 3 4 0 . 6

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/= !#

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8 6

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# . 4 F 4 3. m# L%5 6 . !#

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6 . !#

# rL%5 W ] /

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3. 6 . !#

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F . . 12 , !5 3. ' # ' !5

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#

(5)

H K' j /

m 8 M 9L . h&L9 NI.! F

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B!

. H.

(SAS

<

..

/ 4

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8 . $ '

9:

1 7) % ; <=

3E L S =. !# B - 3E 3. N] I O

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C 6.

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\

# /

23 %4

E. chrysomelina

6

@ TD >x ;=

B #

5 6

!"

!" = 7 L !H S. E S

= 3 . .!

# / FH!, .!D .

- 3E N

4 .!0'

N .!0' !5 # 7

L "

8 8 6

# .

!5 j

L "

7

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5

67 / 0

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!@ ;0

j nV D 1 3 B + . /H K' N 4 6 >4 &# •!

(Mousavi Anzabi et al., 2009)

.

@ B D . ;=

&]. N C 1. C # /

6 '

~ 6 . !#

) 3.

13 / 3 / 1388 ' 17 / 4 / 1388 ( C!H N C 1. C # /

LH!, !o .

m -+ = F m 8 X T9'

23 %4

5 6

# }V # .

1 !4 ! o #

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eYI . 5 6

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N . 5 W ] # 5

/ 0

n+

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<

r

$ . H. B! 3. 5

%L=. SAS

. r

$

# 5

< $0 . 1 3E 3. %L=.

.

9 ( :/ ;

# $

% ! "

#' .

= !# $ / q +' •@

24 / 0

K= E F= #

. m'

!# F>8 3 6 . !#

2 / 12

n=

;= d .

.!# #

# !5 $ 6 . !#

12

h&L9 NI.! M 9L . 6

23 %4

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() * +,

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=!, /

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< [!#

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6 . !#

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$ . L 8 mV A O 6

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#

$ r m 8 $ F

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/

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m 8

\A= F 05

/ 0 F;„

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# \A=

3

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@ ' # [!# $

#

$ ;' n !p 99

/

=0

R2

/; 6 A@ L4 H 9

/ 3

RV=

\A=

n=

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\A= # /

F>8 [!#

6 . !#

F=.

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- () *

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/

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23 %4 }V # }V # NI.!

[!#

5 6 ' # 5 6

@ m 8 N4 #

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/ 0 F;„

/ m .

# + L

&I!

T9'

!p #

;' n

$

!L # ) 99 / 0

2= (R

n=

!' 3 &I! $ L

/ F>8

6 . !#

m 8 3.

23 %4 F /

# . .!# #

$

.!#

6 6 . !#

3 . F>8 #!@ 23 %4 3.

# /

m 8 ] ' 1E F /

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T9'

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3

!

D G [!# $

, .!

! .

$ ' .

/ 0 2

\A=

@

= # 23 %4 &

6

1 # 5 6 3E 8 - 1

. 1

F=.

. mV A 23 %4 !p I

E. chrysomelina

8!' - 3E = !5

\

# / ;= @

! = !# .

1 # . \ 8!' - 5 .

+' eiL@. 7 .

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23 %4

12 A<

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. 1 .

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\A= $

@

#

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@

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# .

23 %4

5 }V # 6

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=. / # 3. - " LH!, .!D %L

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# 8 ' #

4 # $ . !# oL . - 3E $ . 6. L#. 3. R p $ .

23 %4

5

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5 \ 8!' - 3E 1 f 4 .

I $ . #

23 %4

5 3E = !5 6

!# . ;= @ -

. \ 8!' 1 5 , ! = .

/ $ .!# # + L $ x 1. '

YZ' 1 # R 4 !4 6! ,

‚ &# 3. - "

6! t…' 23 %4 $ ZV # \ 8!'

E. chrysomelina

. .

(6)

8 1 -

(±SE)$ r

[!# 3. @ FI

) /L = q#! !L ( 23 %4 c= '

E. chrysomelina

6 1 # 5 h&L9 6

6 1 f 4 . @

±1 30 8 /L = .!, W 24 FC =

. 5

!; x @ ;= @

#!@

/ 4

@ FI )

- 3E 5

# b ( 027 /

±0 03875 / b 0 a 0

85 /

±0 63 / b 2 0008 /

±0 0125 / b 0 035 /

±0 07 / 0

@ FI )

- 3E 4

# b (

b 0 a 0

324 /

±0 137 / b 3 206 /

±0 471 / 0 -

@ FI )

- 3E 2

# ( -

a - 19 /

±0 97 / 1 b -

12 /

±0 285 / 0

$ r 5 . 1 # e !I # h !5 4 / / m eiL@. .

\A= . 5

% . .

8!' - 3E O L

\

#

E. chrysomelina/

.!

3E c . 5 1 5 , # r

!; x @

@

LH # / 4 #!@ ;=

Giray 6 5

1971) (

. F<# A .

, - 3E O L # # .!

6 LH 5 6

= !#

/ 8 6 ;= @ 23 %4 $ . 4 . 1

= # .

! 1 # 5 6 3E

\ 8!' - /

5 .

#

3E I $ . , -

.!

6 d 8!' n '!' /

, $ .

6

! = 1 # 5 6 5 , /

# n '!' # @ 3. m#

I ' 4 # . 5 #!@ 4 W ] 6

O L #

- 3E )

@ 4 ;=

/ #!@ . 5

!; x @ (

F=. W %L

Ali & El-Saeady .

1986) (

#

YZ' F V mH /= !#

/ # \ 8!' 6.

E. chrysomelina

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2. Ali, M. A. & El-Saeady, A. A. (1983). Phenology and population dynamics of the melon ladybird beetle, Epilachna chrysomelina (F) in Eygypt (Col: Coccinellidae). Agriculture Research Review, 61(1), 179- 191.

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3. Ali, M. A. & El-Saeady, A. A. (1986). Studies on food consumption and host selection of the melon ladybird beetle, Epilachna chrysomelina (F.). (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Agriculture Research Review, 61(1), 149-164.

4. Awadalla, S. S., Hori, A. A., El- Baky, N. F. & Abdel-Salam. S. S. (2011). Host pant preference of the melon ladybird beetle, Epilachna chrysomelina (F.). (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on different cucurbit vegetables in Mansoura rogion. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2(1), 41-47.

5. Azzam, M. A. (2001). Seasonal distribution of the different life stages of the melon ladybird, Epilachna chrysomelina on watermelon, Citrullus vulgaris in central region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(2), 19-24.

6. Bagheri, M. R. (1995). Coccinellids (Col.:Coccinellidae) faune of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province.

M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University Ahvaz. 126 pp. (In Farsi).

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11. Fujiyama, N. & Katakura, H. (2002). Host plant suitability of a recently naturalized thistle Circium vulgare (Asteraceae) for a phytophagous ladybird, Epilachna pustulosa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Ecological Research, 17, 275-282.

12. Giray, H. (1971). Investigations on the morphology, biology and control of Epilachna chrysomelina F.

(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae). Ege-Universites-Ziraat-Fakutesi-Yayinlari. P. 186.

13. Hossain, M. S., Khan, A. B., Haque, M. A., Mannan, M. A. & Dash, C. K. (2009). Effect of different host plants on growth and development of Epilachna beetle. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(3), 403-410.

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15. Jafari, A., Fathipour, Y. & Hosseini, S. M. (2005). Sampling programme and spatial distribution of Creontiades pallidus (Het., Miridae) and its predators Chrysoperla carnea (Neu., Chrysopidae) and Nabis capsiformis (Het., Nabidae). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 36(2), 295-303. (In Farsi).

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17. Mehdizadeh, P., Mossadegh, M. S. & Bagheri, S. (2008). Determining of the best level of cucumber plant and suitable life stage of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for sampling on under-cover cucumber in Khuzestan province. In: Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24-27 Aug., University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran, p. 375.

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thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University. 158 pp. (In Farsi).

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21. Rajgopal, D. & Trivedi, T. P. (1989). Status biology and management of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab. (Col.:Coccinellidae) on potato in India. Tropical Pest Management, 35(4), 410- 413.

22. Richards, A. M. & Filewood, L. W. (1990). Feeding behaviour and food preferences of the pest species comprising the Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) complex. (Col : Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 110(4), 501-515.

23. SAS Institute. (1997). SAS / STAT user guide. Version 6.9. Cary. NC.

24. Seraj, A. A. (2008). Integrated pest management. Shahid Chamran University Press. 540 pp. (In Farsi).

25. Shukla, G. S. & Upadhyay, V. B. (1983). Effect of ecological factors food preference of Epilachna dodecastigma (Col: Coccinellidae) on vegetable plants. Journal of Advanced zoology. 4(1), 49-54.

26. Southwood, T. R. E. & Henderson, P. A. (2002). Ecological methods. (3rd ed.). Blackwell Sciences, Oxford.

27. Talhouk, A. M. S. (1969). Insects and injurious to crops in Middle Eastern countries. Verlag Paul Parey,

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Hamburg. 513 pp.

28. Turnipseed, S. G. & Shepard, M. (1980). Sampling Mexican bean beetle on soybean. In M. Kogan and D. C. Herzog (Eds), Sampling methods in soybean. (pp. 189-200). Entomology Springer–Verlag.

New York. 587 pp.

29. Vejdani, S. (1966). Useful and injurious coccinellids of Iran. Tehran University Press. 101 pp. (In Farsi).

30. Wilson, L. J. (1986). Movement and feeding patterns of Epilachna cucurbitae Richards. (Col:

Coccinellidae) on pumpkin and zucchini plants. Australian Journal of Ecology, 11(1), 55-62.

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University Press Center. 143 pp. (In Farsi).

Referensi

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