• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

اثر برخی عصاره‌های گیاهی و آفت‌کش‌ها روی رشد میسلیوم و تندش قارچ بیمارگر حشرات Beauveria bassiana در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "اثر برخی عصاره‌های گیاهی و آفت‌کش‌ها روی رشد میسلیوم و تندش قارچ بیمارگر حشرات Beauveria bassiana در شرایط آزمایشگاهی"

Copied!
10
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

, ) (

*

:

:

E-mail: samia_aminir@yahoo.com

هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺛا ﺖﻓآ و ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﺶﻛ ﺪﺷر يور ﺎﻫ

تاﺮﺸﺣ ﺮﮔرﺎﻤﻴﺑ چرﺎﻗ شﺪﻨﺗ و مﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ

Beauveria bassiana

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد

ﻣا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻤﺳ ﻦ

1 ﻠﻋ ،* ﻠﻋ

2هداﺰ ا هﺰﻤﺣ و دﺰ

3ي

!"

#$%

)

&% '(

:

* / + /

*, - .!( '(

: 0 / /

*, (

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

.

! "#$ % & ' ()

* +, - /

&,0 12 3#/

. 45 ' &

% ( ()

3* 6#7 3 5#7

8$ 0 ( 9

(Azadirachta indica)

&#:

Meliaceae

#1 3

(Ferula assa-foetida L.)

&#:

Apiaceae

: 3

(Nerium oleander)

&#:

Apocynaceae

; ( 9 8$ <2 =

>

? 2 / =#76 / A -#B

/ ' #C .

' &,0 &# *#D#

() 8$

E7F "/

Gl/l

HIJ )

(0.5MC

Gl/l

IJJ )

(MC

Gl/l

LJJJ )

&#(2MC

. M0

8$ N9 % -) && *

> ; ( 9 3#1 3 : ?

2 / A

-#B O& =#76 / *P 05

B. bassiana

&

Q & / -6R L

O&

) JL / J

p<

( T

&

&#

.

> ; 8$

? 2 / A

( & * 6#7 () UJ

-#B =#76 / & & O&

&# #C : #1 8$

0) & 5#7 () VJ

-#B =#76 / & & O&

&# #C .

ژاو ه يﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ : 3 8$ 3 3 3(

Beauveria bassiana

.

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

!"#$ % &#'( ) * !"+

, #

-( . /)"%#01 #2 + ) .3 4 53 5 #$ #

.

"#$ 7 # " -##2 #2 /&#'( &"#8 "#9 !$

4#; # "+

-< = <' >? /"#1 3

,'( @

=1 , ) A 2+( % # +4

)

Samih et al., 2005

.(

#D ) +$"#1 # !#

0E

=1 /#

FG -"#H !%" &#?1 I

.$ @J , &0E K %

(Casida &

Quistad, 1998)

. L?M -#4+ ,LH N1 =#1

) 2"#O4 P5 )"#D % #

# ( Q F $ /

%

#H % .$

#H

!#"<501 .$ 4#; , !#"<501 ) &H#9 # + ) O ,+ "%+ # % "R -# ) !#

"#$

0E

=1 L?M -#4+ !%" # .R5 .1 4#$

(2)

-# ) % &#'( ,LH N1 = <' / -( !#

#

4#$

)

Brust et al., 1985

.(

/&#'( -#SM % T52

-< =#3 !$ #4 51 "+ !U)#$ &"%V ,'( @

=1 0 % # T%" !2"#O$ % WX !#

Y#R " Z [$ 51 K % .$ #4J 1

.

) &0E 7"#\ !#2"#$ /Z [$ ]* -# "+

K % ,^' "+"8$ !

, . /]* $ )

_"#\

`H !#

Beauveria

.2 %

B. bassiana

%

&0E "+ 4 .58#4 !< "#$ _"#\

.$ % 4#$

4 'L +"#O !"#$ a#

,

(Leathers & Subhash, 1993; Mugnia et al., 1989)

.

+52 #$< .+ !"+ _"#\

=$ !%" % +$

) b .5" ) .2 .1/&0E -2#2 !#

% #

+#R !"#$ /U + -# #D$

1

(Inglis et al.,

2001; Goettel et al., 2001)

. _"#\

&0E 2"#$ !#

&#'( +" "+ .?#H . ]#* Z -* .$

/&0E ,LH 51 "+ #9 .$ % %" "#1 .$

4 \%

. 2K % ) O _"#\ ,?c !#

!#

K $ &0E 2"#$

B. bassiana

#$ -( !"#2)#

,'(

=1 # 4#$

(Anderson & Roberts, 1986;

DeOliveira & Neves, 2004; Alizadeh et al., 2007)

.

" Z [$ 51 ]*

#$ -

,'(

=1 !$ #9 .$ # % #2 % * !#

.5D L ]D ]?\ ) !1 &#'( #$ )"#?

Aganiscena Pistaciae Burck. & Laut.

/

(Alizadeh

et al., 2006 & 2007)

^ Q$ Z#$ / !

Bemisia argentifolii

)

James & Elzen, 2001

( .$

$ $8 . % +$ "#1 d #9( Z1 #$

- ) +#5

,'(

=1 #4 !#

"

=#1 9H ]$#\ -< .$

++

(Lacey & Goettel, 1995)

. ,'(

=1

!#

G0 #$

% eM ]#E #2 ,$#5 ) L

"' . #F !#

9 =^ 0E % #2 ]$#^5 A$%" "+ .1 5 "+

(Panda & Khush, 1995)

.

"$

!%" .1 #

!#"f$ "#* ]$#^5 F

Azadirachta indica

!%"

51 g$ .?D Z#$

/ B (Baldin et al.,

2007; De Souza et al., 2005; Nascimento et al., 2008)

/ FG = 7 "f$ % Q$ $( "#*

A. indica

%

#$ 51 +)( >1 ]#4 -h' Z ,'(

=1

"D .* <'D$

^ Q$ Z#$ !#

!

(Bleicher et al., 2007)

/ FG "#*

Melia

azedarach

#^$ !%"

!

"D

^ Q$ Z#$ !#

!

B. argentifolii

P5 )"#D %

Eretmocerus rui

(Abou-Fakhr et al., 2006)

&# / FG +$"#1 5 )

!"#R

neem (NeemAzal-u17%)

.*

.?D Z#$

)

Kumar et al., 2008

( , 4 a#R /

-#0 +#8 -##2 .1 +

Meliaceae

K % .$

#4 + !"+ = 7 ,8"+

% +$ 2#2

,'( F !"+

, h#$ 01 .

)( N =1 0E

/ j )

NeemAzal-T/S

( #2 <S "#* )

= 7 ,+ .$

% ( % O &#'( 51 !$

.1 % H "# !#

)

"01 "+ "#$ % !$

(

, 4 .

-##2 / -#58"+ !$

#X2 . ]UH % k"< /5 ) -##2 / .<8 /#

!#

#"#D( -##2 % #94 <? !#l' /#9 Fm

, . n "#*

)S( o

#$

* a#

Ferula assa-

foetida L.

!"#R a# %

Wight Hing

-# 57 )

)

Apiaceae

( 0E ,n#8 !"+ -##2 ) U + O

, 01 .

#*

on "

,H +# &0E !$ )S(

+O !2 ,H % +1 !2 %

"# #22 a1

(Ectomyelois ceratoniae)

+ 21 "%+ ,n#8 +"

)

"#U ( . _"#\ +$"#1 #E .$

"+ >J #9 .$ #

#4 + -+1 +"% % +$ '#1# &#'( 51 -h' "+ "#2)#

"#\ !#

&F , O 7

+ = <' ,'( &0E !%" " _"#\

(Kaakeh et al.,

1997; Quintela & McCoy, 1998; Lacey et al.,

.

1999; Ramakrishnan et al., 1999; Furlong &

.

Groden, 2001; Ying et al., 2003)

. 5'2 p "+ #$

"#* , #2 !#

) Tq )% .3 +4

<U #H ,'(

4 !#4 =1 (

,LH 51 "+

UU7 -+$ .58#4# % &#'(

FG =3 N$ %

"$ a#R /#97"#\ # Z [$ ]* #$ + #

p .$ !"%V /.) "+

"

. #$

-#M

# H L?M >1 .1 ,4+

: ]#* Z

#F >1 Z /$%O # % #2 >1 Z /.

1. Stinking assa

(3)

@ % A !$ E r 1

# ) .2

4#$ .54 .

+#D 50$ .72 ,'(

!"+ 5 ) !#

% /5 @J &+H !$ 1 "#$ s8 $ + >1 Z -+$ L?M .1 , N9

$ , -( -+$ s8 )

(Izadi & Samih, 2006

. "+

"#* ) 5'2 t3 #$ 4 L =%KD !#

,'( % #2

=1 _"#\ !"#2)# -< /u " !#

&0E 2"#$

B. bassiana

WX0 &#?3 %

+4 .

"#* ) +#5 -+$ "#2)# &"n "+

!#

$ .$ .H #$ /&#'( 53 "+ #2 #9( -+$ s8

,'( .$ ,?

=1 /!#4 !#

&s8 ) -

A +"% .3 !#4 + s , ) 4

+3 N3 .

=D ++ v#D =%KD #$ .1 #

"#* # ( .1 , +4 _"#\ !%" #

FG

"#* % _"#\ $ =w$ x"+

&"n .$ #

"#* F . #^ x, 52#5( # 5 [ .3 = 7 #2 .9 #U0 #)( "+ #

.$ ,? N3

x, &"n .7 .$ _"#\ !%" -( "#R a'

شور و داﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫ

. H =%KD "+

_"#\ ) !

B. bassiana

1 #$

DEBI008

v !%" ) % -9 "+

Chorthippus

brunneus (Ort: Acrididae)

4 H +#5 /,

4 . -+1 +( ) `D /_"#\ < "#$ &#?F !$

!1 ) /2"#$ .$ .5D ]D 0E "+ .1 #

.4h ys "+ ,01 !$ +$ 4 #z .5D ]D !

A !#

PDA

%

SDAY

4 +#5 .

1. Potato Dexterose Agar

2. Yeast Extract+Sabouraud, s Dexterose Agar

.

$ .$ .H #$ /=%KD "+ #2 !#

"

0E F 54+ $ ? e5X $#

Y#X5 01

4 . "\ $# )" +" =%KD "+ .3 ##2

]#4 5'2 (

{ +$ )8 % = 7 /)S

)( N !"#R -h' )

/ #2 ) .3 j

.5'2 = 7 4 +#5 +4

) %H .(

" -##2

H ) `D

!"%(

Y( #$

,4 s^

% #$ |# "+ ++ 4

+%E !#+

± }~

" =$# ) "%+ j .H"+

.1 "+ `; % Z08 4"8 # !#

)

"#* !$

!2 ( !"9U 4

. "+ !$

,'#$ -4 Z08 +#5 .OD ) /#2 !#

4 .

hL ]2 Q$ /)%" uD # . ) L$ #

# # %+ ) L$

.\# % )%" "#97 Z08 )%" uD # "#97 ) L$ #

p +" ,'#$ Y( -< .$ U5$ .1 4

+"+

.

"#* "p .$

/!2 } `8 "+D ) a2

-%"+ % .5X " T"#1 ]8+ " #2 4 +

#U5

.1 #U5+ #$ "+ % 4 ++ "\

€‚

5

-5 + .5X " s^ Y( 5 4

.

"#*

.1 !

& "+

} H #U5+ "#1 ,*#

( "+ 4 !"%

= #)(

+#5 # +2

.

„X5 "#*

A 4

"%+ q8 "+ s^ #U5+

!#+ "+

… .H"+

,* % j

.$ /4 †S .^\+ "+ "%+

!"M

#9 "#* NRE „X5 -# #D "+ .1 †S

.$ 4 5

"

. .9 "#*

-%"+ 4

.04 @%z =4D #$ -( Y"+ % 4 .5X " !

!#+ "+ #{X -%"+ % 4 #4D a(

…

4 !"9U j .H"+

(Mahdavi Arab et al.,

2008)

.

3. Soxelet

4. Rotary evaporator

-/0 1 #$ 23! 4 "

+

!

"#$ %! $&$

' * +%

-%./

Ferula assa-foetida

%#$

01 Azadirachta indica

%! 23

%#$

'-4 Nerium oleander

5

%#$

6$-/ 7 8 / :$

Azadirachta indica

%!

%;%!

<=8 >

(4)

! "#$% &'%

()

&*+, - F "$ !$ :

"#* !"#2)#

!#

4 „X5 % = 7 /)S )

a# #$ = 7 "#* !"#R a' { )8 N )(

/ ,'( % j

=1 D1 /)5( !#

O'' % _"#\ 4" !%" -%

B. bassiana

‡q58 T%" .$

"#*

$ ,01 A #$

"

4 . !$

"p ) #$

A !%" _"#\ 0 %" 4" !2

_"#\ 5$ /"#* !%#E ,03

B. bassiana

7 "+

,03 A !%#E !5D

$ % 4 ++ ,03PDA

.

.9 ? 7 &"n +2

. Zq' !%#E !#

A

,01 4 ++ "\ |#M !#+ "+ /%q1 ) `DPDA

.$ #9( !#+ # …

…} j .H"+

$# <

.

,03 A ,pJ .$PDA

!#

} / %

,'( % "#* 5%O ,01 A 5 "+ =1

T%" ˆ?M

De Oliveira & Neves (2004)

> .$

.$

-*

,pJ !#

0.5MC

/ % MC

.2MC

.5'2 p "+

.$ % 4 A !%#E !# Zq'

.$ % .'#V PDA

( +H% .$ ,8O - # 4 +) N .

A !#

]n#E -%"+

@%z

!5D .$

s\

~

5#

N^ !5 )

? ^ "^

5 ( %

++2 #H A # 4 ++ )#H .

Z + `;

!#

7"#\

s\ .$

Y7 A 5

‰" .?D 1

)

,01 !#

-H _"#\

B. bassiana

% .9 Z + Z

_"#\

A% ,\ "+

@%z

!5D ,01 A !%#E

4 ++ "\

. ,pJ ) t !$

# … % "w … "w

"#* -%$ N )

#4 ,03 A (

.5'2 p "+ /

4 .

!5D . # !#

) 4

!#+ "+ "#$O "+



±

Š

+U5# .H"+

? ,$M" %

Š

±

ŠŠ

% n"+

"%+

#4%"

‹:~

4 ++ "\

. A ys .3 #)

!5D ,03 _"#\ A #4 !#

]#1 "s$

#S4

4 ) .5 . ,4f2 ) `D (

) !2 !#s\ )

4 a#R #"# ) Z 4"

. n"+

2"+)#$

,pJ !#

e5X

"#*

# 9$ #$

) !2

' &$

)

Abbott

( +2 L .

×

IP= C-T/C

n"+ IP

2"+)#$

/ U#C

"+ _"#\ .# s\

#4 "#

/ U# T

+" "# "+ _"#\ .# s\

p . ()

.*

*/' &.

.H n"+ : )

"

,03 A !%

PDB

4 "$

. .9 !$

4 ]* ) &"n .$ ,01 A .

} a2

>

# #4H Y( 5 t +%E ]8+ " )

>

) ) "#$ 7 " ‡X `; 4 . #

'#4 ) > "#* # ++ "?* ] .7"#D .$

,+

`; ( }

'#V -( .$ )%53+ a2 % +3 .

] ' % .?D #$ -( % 4 #" 5 t NRE .$

4 .54f2 %q3 ]8+ % 4 #4D a(

. `D

"#* -( .$ /A -4 + ) /= 7 /)S !#

L?M "#* % )8 "+ = 7 #2 ) TS

,pJ !#

} / % 5 "+ 5%w )

ˆ?M

T%"

De Oliveira & Neves (2004)

( .$ % 4 .'#V

$ >

. ,pJ -*

!#

0.5MC

/ % MC

"+ 2MC

!"^ % 4 "$ _"#\ !%" #9( F % 4 .5'2 p ,03 A ) "#* -%$ <PDB

-* .$

53

4 .54+ .U .

) X0 -#; .9 ,9H

+ -+1 ] 5 #$ 5$ /_"#\ !#";

.$ ] #% %

"+ ++ T8 " ,01 A ys . Z .%

"^ % .5X " "

) 5

Tween 80

} /

$ % +%<' -( .$ n"+

. Z # +) N

+4 ,"+ 58O -#;

. `;

++ "?* . h%+ ] .7"#D ) .n#E -#;

H -( ) a &#Ls\ # 4 4

. T"#4 !$

ah ) -#; ,pJ L % #";

4 +#5 .

-#; ,pJ ,+ .$

(

× / } "+ ";

L 5 +2

. .'#V ) L$

A .$ _"#\ -#; -+3 % "#* !%#EPDB

,4f2 % /53 A }…

. /,*#

) !

4 .5X " "#4 ?2 ah !%" % .54+$ A .

4 L +) .H !#"; n"+

. -< .?# #$

.H . #^ % #"# ) t "+ _"#\ "; )

.H "+ "#* !"+)#$ -< /N #$ #"#

_"#\ )

4 WX0 .

#$

,+ .$

-(

FG

"#*

"+ #

%+ 2"+)#$

"#* % _"#\ !"#2)# 5"#D

4 WX0 .

1. Potato Dextrose Broth

2. Heamocytometer

(5)

0'

++ . <R a ) +#5 #$ #

"<'

SPSS 13.0

/

(SPSS, 2004)

a #$ #"+ N" % "<'

Excel

a#R

4 . ++ . <R ) ]?\

`# "% <#( A 4 !"\$ #

U /##s8 -+$ '+# % -+$ # ,9H )

"%

`#

`# "% U5? % # +#5 #$ U# #$ #

a ) "<'

Minitab 14.0

] ? % "$

a#R a)h !#

4 . ,'( F "$ !$

=1

"#* % # "+ #2 !#

/!"#( ] % . <R ) ]?\ +$ a)h .1 !+"

++

.$ #

Log (x)

4 ] ? .

#^

.

%2 % !$

# U 7 -)( ) +#5 #$ # .+

a#R O+ !

4 .

ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

1 ( "2 % - 34'

5+6 783

n"+ % a 4" !#5"#D .1 ++ -#0 u #5 .H ys "+ _"#\ )

n"+

) /

p<

( "+ L

, +$

.

#5 #$ #S5 . 7 -)( ) +

.+

ys "+ w+ !

% 4 !$ %2 n"+

u #5 ,+ .$

%H "+ ( }

, 4 ++ -#0 .

%H 5"#D !$ # -5 "+ .$#0 @%E

"#* $ @q58 54 # .$#0 %2 U#$

% #

,'(

=1 ys "+ #

Š F 5"#D !$ , n"+

* "#

,'( % _"#\ a 0 %" 4" !%" =1

% )S( /)8 /#4 /2"#$

D3 . "+

,pJ

Š‚

/

Š‚‚

%

€‚‚‚

% "#* 5%O ,'(

=1

"+

0 %" 4" !%" " F 51 ,01 A 5 _"#\

)( N /-%O'' % .# "+ )5( /,4+

/

= 7 "#* % j 50$ ,pJ . "+

,4+ _"#\ a 4" !%" " 2"+)#$

.

!$

,'( F 5"#D

"#* % =1 .H n"+ !%" #

)

_"#\ ";

,pJ "+ 2"#$

} /#4

,pJ "+ /%2 Z "+ )8 % )S( / D1 Z "+ D1 % )8 /)S /#4

2 ,pJ "+ % %

€‚‚‚

% D1 /)S /#4

n"+ !%" " F 51 % %2 Z "+ )8 .H ,4+ _"#\ "; ) .

)( N /-%O''

/ 50$ ,pJ . "+ = 7 "#* % j

.H n"+ !%" " 2"+)#$

,4+ _"#\ "; ) .

#5 $ 3 TU #$

u ,4+$ "M .3 +4

,'( % )S % )8 "#* ) +#5 =1

51 "+ &0E 2"#$ _"#\ #$ D1 &#'( ^ ,^'

% 4#$ <(

,'(

=1

)( N % = 7 "#* /-%O''

/ !"+ j

, _"#\ !%" 2"+)#$ F .

( 1

"2 - 34'

"#* "#97 F % = 7 /)S /)8 #2

N )(

/ ,'( . % j / D3 =1

,pJ "+ )5( % -%w'' !#

} / %

,'( % "#* 5%O ,01 A 5 "+ =1

> .$

-* .$

,pJ !#

0.5MC

/ MC

% 2MC

-/0 6 1 78 9 ; + "

)

±SE

( ()* ! " #$ >? ' & @4&

/ + (AB C2D & ,

40 /E F49 GHI & J K + "4L! M

B. bassiana

)

!

"#$ $!

(

%&

) $!'$*

+ ,- $!' (

%&

) $!'$*

+ ,- $!' (

./0 /00

1000 ./0

/00

1000

$$2 3/

56 ±9/78 a 5

/ 56 ±9/6 a :6

/ :7 ±9/;9 c 7<

/

39 ±7/:< a

==

/

63 ±7/:; b

<

/ 6; ±=/5; b

>

39 / 5< ±9/;8 c 7<

/ 55 ±9/<: a 77

/ 38 ±93/ ab 97

/

6= ±7/5: b 9

/

;3 ±7/:; d

; /

;9 ±7/79 d

?$@

68 /

93 ±9/9< c 97

/

9: ±9/97 b 79

/

< ±7/6; d 59

/

; ±=/68 d 73

/ : ±=/:9 f 6

/ 7 ±=/76 e

A B C D / E 73

/ 9= ±9/=8 c 9;

/

76 ±9/93 bc

;8 /

8 ±7/:: b

=<

/

: ±=/:5 d

;5 / 9 ±=/;6 f

;:

/ 7 ±=/:< e

8<

/ 58 ±9/39 a 8<

/ 58 ±93/ a 8<

/ 58 ±93/ a 6<

/ 3: ±=/7 a 6<

/ 3: ±=/7 a 6<

/ 3: ±=/7= a

?$FGH?

=;

/ 8= ±7/76 a 76

/ 5= ±93/ a

<3 / 68 ±6/6 b 3<

/

;8 ±=/8< b

<9 /

;5 ±=/55 cd ::

/ :5 ±:/99 c

I$JK 65

/ 9 ±=/;7 c :;

/

9 ±=/:: d 6:

/

= ±=/:: d 9<

/

9 ±=/:< d 97

/

= ±=/=< g

= /

= ±=/== e

$!

7;

/

;= ±7/99 b 98

/

77 ±7/:6 bc 5<

/ 7= ±=/; d 3:

/ 7; ±=/8 c 3;

/

< ±=/63 e 5

/ 9 ±=/97 e

=3 / 87 ±9/53 a

=3 / 87 ±9/53 a

=3 / 87 ±9/53 a 3<

/

;8 ±=/8< b 3<

/

;8 ±=/8< c 3<

/

;8 ±=/8< c

! % " #$ &

'( )

* .

(6)

.H n"+ % a 4" -< !%"

_"#\ )

&0E 2"#$

B. bassiana

a A

"<'

SPSS10

4 !"#( ] % . <R .

!#5"#D . #D $

.H n"+ % a 4"

ys "+ _"#\ )

n"+

) /

p<

( , +$ "+ L .

#$ #S5 .

7 -)( ) +#5 .+

ys "+ w+ !

n"+

%2 u #5 % 4 !$

,+ .$

%H "+ (

-#0

, 4 ++

. !$ -5 "+ .$#0 @%E

@q58 54 # .$#0 %2 U#$ %H 5"#D

"#* $ ys "+ #

F 5"#D !$ , n"+

"#*

\ a 0 %" 4" !%" # 2"#$ _"#

, #4

4" !%" " F 51 % %2 Z "+ )8 % /,4+ _"#\ 0 %"

,'(

=1 "#* % -%w''

Ts

,pJ "+ = 7 "#* /,pJ . "+

)5( %

,pJ "+

2"+)#$ 50$ 5 $ 5%O

,4+ _"#\ a 4" !%" "

.

* F 5"#D !$

"#

.H n"+ !%" # "; )

. "+ D3 % )S( /#4 2"#$ _"#\

,pJ "+ )8 % ,pJ }

% $ 5%O

%" 4" !%" " F 51 % %2 Z "+ /5

"#* /,4+ _"#\

)( N /a%+ %2 "+ )8

/ )5( /a %2 "+ = 7 % j /a"#97 %2 "+

"#* /,pJ . "+ -%w'' % % Ts

,'(

=1

,pJ "+ )5(

% "+ = 7 "#* %

,pJ " 2"+)#$ 50$ 5 $ 5%O

,4+ _"#\ a 4" !%"

.

,4+$ "s %H .R5 $ 3 TU #$

)S "#* ) +#5 .3 +4 % )8 /

,'(

=1

51 "+ &0E 2"#$ _"#\ #$ D3 &#'( ^ ,^'

= 7 "#* % 4#$ <(

)( N %

/ % j ,'(

=1 )5 % -%w''

, _"#\ !%" 2"+)#$ F !"+

.

-/0 N 1 78 9 ; + "

)

±SE

(

& & @4&

()* ! " #$ >? ' /E F49 / + (AB ! ,

40 GHI & J K + "4L! M

B. bassiana

*

?/

0@

&' A

B

? )

?@ CD! #E 3 * #EF!

(

$%G &H

%I$ - %J! &

)

# K3! #!

(

'-4 LMN

O/

PM ±L/QR a QS

/

OL ±Q/TS a

MNN P

/ PM ±L/M a NN

/

MO ±Q/TU b

QNNN TM

/

TQ ±L/UL cd S

/ MU ±N/PU b

-%.$

LMN OL

/

PS ±L/UR a LQ

/

MN ±Q/PT c

MNN QS

/

PP ±L/ST a L

/ UO ±Q/TU d

QNNN QQ

/

OR ±LO/ ab U

/ UL ±Q/QL e

01 LMN

MR /

LO ±L/LS de PL

/

U ±N/MR i

MNN LQ

/

LT ±L/LQ def QO

/

T ±N/TL ji

QNNN QL

/

S ±Q/MU fgh M

/ Q ±N/QM ji

01 TS LMN

QO /

LN ±L/NR defg NS

/

T ±N/TP ji

MNN LU

/

QM ±L/LO efgh UP

/

L ±N/UM ji

QNNN UR

/

R ±Q/TT gh UT

/

Q ±N/TS ji

* &' VV

RS /

PR ±L/OL a MS

/ OT ±N/Q a

&$W%X$&$

LMN NU

/

RN ±Q/QM a OS

/

UR ±N/RS dc

MNN QM

/

PN ±LO/ ab SL

/

UP ±N/PP dc

QNNN SO

/ MR ±M/M b TT

/

TP ±T/LL f

>JYZ%

LMN TU

/

L ±N/UQ h LS

/

L ±N/TS ji

MNN MP

/

L ±N/TT h LQ

/

N ±N/NS j

QNNN MT

/

N ±N/TT h N

/ N ±N/NN j

-$#!/

LMN QU

/

UN ±Q/LL c OT

/ QU ±N/R g

MNN LR

/

QQ ±Q/TM fgh OU

/

S ±N/MO h

QNNN PS

/

QN ±N/U fgh P

/ L ±N/LQ ji

&'

?/

0@

NN NU

/

RQ ±L/PO a OS

/ UR ±N/Q b

(7)

u #5 ,+ .$

"#* !"#2)# "$ ) ( !#

% = #)( +"

,'(

=1 2"#$ _"#\ 4" !%" #

&0E

B. bassiana

-#0 1 "M .$ .1 +

% )8 % )S "#*

,'(

=1 ,? D3

,'( %+ % "#* %+ .$

) 51 !"+ U + =1

.H % a 4" "+ 2"+)#$ n"+

"; )

N "#* % ++ -#0 !50$ !"#2)# % +$ _"#\

)(

/ % j ,'(

=1 ) 50$ !"+ -%w'' b

.H % a 4" "+ 2"+)#$ n"+

"; )

++ -#0 !51 !"#2)# % +$ _"#\

) ]O4 % } .(

B. bassiana J K 4L! M40 +,()*N #$ >? /M & ' /E 43! 4 1 P O (AB ! C2D &

6QR QRR PRRR ()* #$ 3S (H, TU 3S ,

O 1 #$ >? /M & ' /E 43! 4 N

()*

, K F49 / + J

B. bassiana

(AB ! C2D &

6QR QRR PRRR ()* #$ 3S (H, TU 3S ,

(8)

.$ _"#\ !2"#1 .$ "+ 9 .E !1 4"

, O [$ 51 ]#* -*

. .E "+ )

-#O

 N' -#$< ,'#$ -%"+ _"#\ !1

+4 .

" &"\ % _"#\ ,^' -< $ !1 0 %

&0E 51 "+

Fm ,

(Batista Filho et al.,

1998; Oliveira & Neves, 2004)

. ++ -#0 # =%KD

"#* .1 L F )S( % )8 <H .$ #

!%" !"+

54+ !1 4"

. F ,'(

=1 _"#\ !%" )5(

B. bassiana

.% .$

Oliveria & Neves (2004)

4 "$

. .1 ++ -#0 =%KD u #5 ,'(

=1

!h#$ 2"+)#$ F !"+

% 2"#$ _"#\ !%"

#$ =%KD "+ .1 !5X &%# % +"+ &0E + # &#0 #)(

.$ ‡$ +# ) #5E .$ +4

, . H &%#

. &#0 #)( .1 7

Olmert &

Kenneth (1974)

"+ _"#\ e5X !# . H ++ -#0

_"#\ $$

=1

"+ &%#5 ,#E # .

F ;1 -U0%KD u #5 j#$

u #5 #$ .1 +" 2"#$ _"#\ 4" !%"

,+ .$

(

+"+ X =%KD )

(James & Elzen, 2001;

Alizadeh et al., 2007)

. F { 21 0

,'(

=1 _"#\ #$ ;1 < &0E 2"#$ !#

4 "$

,

(Ying et al., 2003; Kaakeh et al.,

1997; Quintela & McCoy, 1998; Lacey et al.,

.

1999; Ramakrishnan et al., 1999; Furlong &

.

Groden, 2001)

. ,'( < # =%KD "+

=1

D1 G

F .H !%" 7 "; )

,4 .

Alves et al.

(1998)

#4 &#?1 ,4

++ "\ = #)( +" " .*"< A 4 "+

. !+H% #$

.$ #U0 #)( A 4 "+ &#?1 -+$ l .1

$ " &#?F $ ) .*"< "+ #9( $#X5 F Z4

,'" 8 .

/U + &"#?* .$

!h#$ ,

-h' A 4 "+ &#?1 #8 !#

"+ #9( .$#0 , $ + #U0 #)(

, N9 .*"< A 4 "+ .{( % 4#$ .*"< A 4 ) ,L#

.H )

!1 " n =^ .1 , #

# 1

(Neves et al., 2001; Alves et al., 1998)

u #5 -#0 # .1 +

,'(

=1 !"+ -%O''

!"#2)# % , 2"#$ _"#\ $ h#$ 2"+)#$ F +" +H%

. )( N "#* {

/ % j ,'(

=1

) 50$ !"+ -%w'' b

"+ 2"+)#$ n"+

.H % a 4"

!"#2)# % +$ _"#\ "; )

++ -#0 !51 ^ 51 .#$ "+ $#$

.%< _"#\ ) +#5

DEBI008

)

B. bassiana

%

,'(

=1 .H !"#2)# a* .$ 5 #$ "#* #

% )8 % )S "#* #9 % +4 ,'(

=1

" _"#\ #$ ^ +#5 ,$#\ .1 , D3 O !#90%KD +H% #$ +"+

"#4 "$ !$

"#* ) !50$

% # ,'(

=1 -< "$ % #

, a)h "<501 % #U0 #)( "+ _"#\ #$ #9( !"#2)#

51 ]* # % L?M -#4+ !%" #9( F # +4 4%" Z [$

.

"$

!#

Alizadeh et al.

(2006)

/)5 / D1 .1 ++ -#0

' D1 /-%1' +

.%<

DEBI008

)

B. bassiana

"D "+ " % Q 50$

]D !#

, .54+ .5D .

=%KD "+ .H >#H .5O

. H .1 , ,'( )%+ e .$ _"#\ !

=1

+#5 ) .$ !% Q .5 D1 ,'( !#9 " =1

51 , "+ .# % +#R

)+ -+1 N1 #$ N5$ # .1 , N9 "#$ &#'(

,'( ' N1 51 " ,'( =1

. a +#5 "+

,'(

,'( $ "+ _"#\ . H #$ =1

=1 ,'( /#

=1

4 ‡X _"#\ . H #$ .1 #) "+ -%1''

"D "+ " % Q 51 !#

.5D ]D

+1 +#R .

.1 =%KD u #5 #$ +"%#5+

,'(

=1 _"#\ !%" h#$ 2"+)#$ F -%O''

N , .54+

+"+ 8 .

يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ

L% #U0+ 0%KD )E )

)

.1 -#R'" (

+1 # " =%KD . <

a#9 #$ "#1 %

$ -#H % ! a#R "+ !"#O >? .$ #

0%KD ‘M +"\

++2 .

(9)

REFERENCES

1. Abou-Fakhr Hammad, E. & McAuslane, H. J. (2006) Effect of Melia azedarach L. extract on Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its biocontrol agent Eretmocerus rui (Hymenoptera:

Aphelinidae). Environmental Entomology, 35, 740-745.

2. Alizadeh, A., Kharrazi- Pakdel, A., Talebi-Jahromi, Kh. & Samih, M. A. (2006). The effect of combination of some pesticides and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) viull on common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. & Laut. In: Proceedings of the VIII European Congress of Entomology, 17- 22 Sep. Kusadasi, Izmir, Turkey, p.132.

3. Alizadeh, A., Samih, M. A., Khezri, M. & Saberi Riseh, R. (2007). Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. with several pesticides. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 9, 1, 31-34.

4. Anderson, T. E. & Roberts, D. W. (1989). Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana isolates with insecticide formulation used in Colorado beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76, 1437-1441.

5. Baldin, E. L. L., Vendramim, J. D. & Lourencao, A. L. (2007) Interaction between resistant tomato genotypes and plant extracts on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B. Scientia Agricola, 64, 476-481.

6. Bleicher, E., Goncalves, M. E. D. C. & Da Silva, L. D. (2007) Effects of neem derivatives sprayed on melon crop to control silverleaf whitefly. Horticultura Brasileira, 25, 110-113.

7. Brust, G. E., Stinner, B. R. & McCartney, D. A. (1985). Tillage and soil insecticide effects on predator- black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) interactions in corn agroecosystems. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78, 1389-1392.

8. Casida, J. E. & Quistad, G. B. (1998). Golden age of insecticide research: past, present or future. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 1-16.

9. Charnley, A. K. (2003). Fungal pathogens of insects: cuticle degrading enzymes and toxins. Advance.

Botanical Research, 40, 241-321.

10. De Souza, A. P. & Vendramim J. D. (2005) Translaminar, systemic and topical effect of aqueous extract of neem seed on Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B on tomato plants. Neotropical Entomology, 34, 83-87.

11. Furlong, M. J. & Groden, E. (2001). Evaluation of synergistic interactions between the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) pathogen Beauveria bassiana and the insecticides, imidacloprid, and cyromazine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94, 344–356.

12. Goettel, M. S., Hajek, A. E., Siegl, J. P. & Evans, H. C. (2001). Safety of fungal biocontrol agents. In:

Butt T, Jakson MC and Magan N (Eds), Fungi as biocontrol agenta. CAB International, walling ford, UK., pp. 346-7.

13. Inglis, G. D., Goettel, M. S., Butt, T. M. & Strasser, H. (2001). Use of Hyphomycete fungi for managing pests. In T.M. Buut, C.W. Jackson, and N. Magan (Ed.), Fungi as Biocontrol Agents Progress, Problems and Potential. (pp. 23-96). CABI Publishing, Wallingford.

14. Izadi, H. & Samih, M. A. (2006). Biopesticids compounds with novel mode of action. Jahad-e- Daneshgahi, Tehran. (In Farsi).

15. James, R. R. & Elzen, G. W. (2001). Antagonism between Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid when combined for Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94, 357-361.

16. Kaakeh, W., Reid, B. L, Bohnert, T. J. & Bennett, G. W. (1997). Toxicity of imidacloprid in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), and the synergism between imidacloprid and Metarhizium anisopliae (Imperfect Fungi: Hyphomycetes). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90, 473–482.

17. Kumar, P. (2008). Studies on loss of bio-efficacy of two indirect neem applications over time (seed and soil) against Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) under semi-field conditions. Journal of Asia- Pacific Entomology.11, 185-190.

18. Lacey, L. A. & Goettel, M. S. (1995). Current development in of microbial control of insect pests and prospects for the early 21 century. Journal of Entomophaga, 40, 1-25.

19. Lacey, L. A., Horton, D. R., Chauvin, R. L. & Stocker, J. M. (1999). Comparative efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, and aldicarb for control of Colorado potato beetle in an irrigated desert agroecosystem and their effects on biodiversity. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 93, 2, 189-200.

20. Leathers, T. D. & Subhash, C. G. (1993). Susceptibility of the Estern tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) to the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Journal Invertebrate Pathology, 61, 217- 219.

21. Mahdavi Arab, N., Ebadi, R., Hatami, B. & Talebi Jahromi, Kh. (2008). Insecticidal effects of some plant extracts on Callosobrochus maculates F. under laboratory conditions and Laphigma exigua H. in greenhouse. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 11, 42, 221-235.

22. Nascimento, F. J. do, Diniz Filho, E. T., Mesquita, L. X. De, Oliveira, A. M. de & Pereira T. F. C.

(10)

(2008). Extratos plant in control of pests. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel, 3, 1-5.

23. Neves, P. M. O. J., Hirose, E., Tchujo, P. T. & Moino, A. R. J. (2001). Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi with neonicotinoid insecticides. Neotropical Entomology, 30, 2, 263-268.

24. Oliveira, R. C. & Neves P. M. O. J (2004). Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with acaricides.

Neotropical Entomology, 33, 3, 353-358.

25. Olmert, I. & Kenneth, R. G. (1974). Sensitivity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and Verticillum sp. to fungicides and insecticides. Environmental Entomology, 3, 33-38.

26. Pathak, N., Mittal, P. K., Singh, O. P., Vidya Sagar, D. & Vasudevan, P. (2000). Larvicidal of essevtial oils from plants against the vector mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi (Liston), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Aedes aegypti (L.). International Pest Control, 42, 2, 53-55.

27. Quintela, E. D. & McCoy, C. W. (1998). Synergistic effect of imidacloprid and two entomopathogenic fungi on the behavior and survival of larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in soil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, 110–122.

28. Ramakrishnan, R., Suiter, D. R., Nakatsu, C. H., Humber, R. A. & Bennett, G. W. (1999). Imidacloprid- enhanced Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera Rhinotermitidae) susceptibility to the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, 1125–1132.

29. Ying, S. H., Feng, M. G. & Xu, S. T. (2003). Field efficacy of emulsifiable suspensions of Beauveria bassiana conidia for control of Mysus persicae population on cabbage. China Journal Applied Entomology, 14, 545-548.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Apoptosis detection in rats’ mammary by Double Staining method (A) DMBA control group: apoptosis was negative in DMBA control group; (B) treatment group (DMBA and FEE):

The research objective is to compare the effect of company profits on stock prices in the infrastructure sector listed on the Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021