! "#
!" # $% & ' ! ( ) *
+ ,- . / 0
12 3
4 1 5 6, - 77$
8
+*9: ; & 7
< 7$- = 52 > 77$
&* & ' !+ ?
1- 2
% # "
8
@ ' + 0 ( &
. # *. A
% :$
B @ ' - 6*
C2 6D0
6 - -
% 8
E FD 4 B % $ B ( * $% & 0 & A G
* H< 47
8
; I - B *.J -
1= B E FD # A ;0 4B # !
DFDF '
70 $ A*K LF ? E ?*? # A - ( $ 9 M - "! 9
$ - 0 70 $ NOP
0 8
#4
$ B 1 0
% Q$
, 6D0 " 6 R
S *, 7 7
% Q$ 7: /
=T . 6D0
S *, *3
#4 &60 A*,U F " 1 *V- / - 0
B*
,
$ ?
% W - ! 9! &60 A*," 1 5 8
!$%
&
X - 6D0
*
Y
% , Z P [ PO [ O J C.Y
Z P [ P [ O
8 ($ 9 M - ' "!1=B E F D # A Rasouli57@yahoo.com
8 W 70 $ E F D # A 0 m.moradi99@Gmail.com
!!%
Q
$- R !"H 3 3 R8!
M2 RM *V0 3!M- !"M - h $- 3 " t 4 # h
c3!" 3 !%
R 3 ; /. / 3oa
Z :( 4
!" a e/ MK "&3 $M- M
M M- Y " < 3!- $#
T n ; M6 3 ,M2 b M 4 ' M / MH0 3!M7
4 G 8'+3 ,* !-
M:( /. M / RM >'& iVM 4 !"M - M ‚!W g
!M5 ;
$H 3 -
/ !M / RM 3 , ,"; / ,8 "(3 K ">3 ,AH !0
,M M= 3 $M- C M 3 M 3 ,a i6!8 3 (
/.
Z e/
g hM
$V 4 i , ,"H e/ i"0
3 $# - gTT]
M- / RM 3 M ‚!MW '
! 3 $# , 3 # 3 -3
" / M 3 #/!M E M "(3 M- $# 3 $V ( 3 ,
R 4
! …m4 , 3!>
Z e/
g / H0 3 ,2 e/ iV 4
M !M &3
R 3 $"0!a 3!> 11 $( 4 Z
e/
g M M $M# RM 3 ( $- / ,-'1 3 C > h
3!M- ,2)M / V4 3!- , / / e/ G ^6 L ,A Ak M iVM 4
, e/
- D )6 / ,*'(
PP
\ Q ZF
e/
g
, 3 HV R# % i !- k $
R# M% R# M% Y 3 / H#
,M !- 3 ," / • $# R 3 ,V ( M- 4
Z 3 ,MV ( !M& $M# ,"# M%
R &
$ $- 3 e/ ( , :^ / /. , 3 03
# - , V4 3
!
R 3 D , 3 PP
\ ] ZF
$2) e/ R 3 - - 3 -3 3 ,2 ,8 "(3
g M Hk $# H"
H 3 0 G 6 $- ! &3
!# e/ 3
3 Z , t>3/
Y 3 3 4 M - M+
$2) $# !#
# ,8 "(3 M: / Y !M4
e/ 3 M-3 Y !M4 g
,8 M $M- $M# M-
3 !- e/ 3 -3 !A
g , H - Z
$2) i / $- , 3!03 ,8 "(3
H 3 4
1. World Wide Web 2. Tim Berners-lee
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!!&
e/ $# , 3 -3 h # $- / N ~' # b h g
$M- RM 3 M 3!M0
` / 3 !|-G 8'+3 )4 / V4 $- !A 2 - q "<
D
\ QO ZF
e/ ^ - , H . Y 5 $*1 Y 3 g
$
$2)M / ,8 M "(3 M
,M $"&3 ! E 5 Y 3 $- ,8 "(3
"M NM% 3 $M# M i
G M+ )4 3 C M 8
A% 3
$2)M n M*W / 3 M" M *4 3 $k $- 3!:4 t>3/
M
} 3 R# % ,8 "(3
! / $%
3 MH8 RM 4 M ( $- C > $" oa Hk ,+ :(
U / e X /
3 3 i e/
g e/ ,# 3 G „ !z $# $" 3oa g
, MV4 u )4 3 2 3 n ) $-
RM 3 $M"0!a 3!M> !) M M€ 0 3!- M# )1"M 3 $ / Z
† M" MH#3
L /J
!A -
$2) $- R) N s V0 L 3 03
$M# RM 3 ,8 M "(3
e ) $- , H# !K 8 e/ E Y !4
R M- > LM<- 3!- M# / M M- M
$2) Y 3 $- 3 & R>/ 3 ,:( 4 3 Š K "&3
3 Z
e/ 3 "-3
, 63 0 3 G 8'+3
T M4 gTTT ' M
• M / M- qM "< G M8'+3 $M- , MA ,M !" N 3 - / R& "
$M a
," / -'1 3 ,2 0
iH „ !A ,
R0!M% / G 8'+3 $- , !"
e/ . 3 _ / !# N 3 8 g
e/ / R M
$2)M / $ M / M ,8 M "(3 M
3 N
gTTT
$"& M Ma!a Hk 3 G + )4 3 H# 4 3!- M# $M# M 3
c3 M& $M- C3 M>3 ~K < & C R0 Y 5 )H3 R M ,M
Œ'M-/ / M M
, 3 ! Z Œ'-/ ` !" a 3
3 3! 3 / ' PT
M- ,
3 Œ'M-/ / Œ'M-/ M- $W-3 R > 3 3 A 3 _ /! Y Hk 3 3 ,M
!!' / MM MMˆ.
$MM- 3 MMH8
$ MM / MM 3
!MMj#3 $MM# ,4 MM6 $MM- $MM"0 RMM 8 3
Œ'-/
- 3!- Œ'-/ 3 M- / ^"M 3 $M>'8 M G 8 5 - u )4 3 •
$- hH * ! a # M "&3 3 M& $M>'8 M • ; ) !# ) 2 3 V"
! M 3 , Ma. / !M7 M • M; ) R#!M Y 5 3 :. / 3 3!> a H 3 &
a
$W1 / 18 - $- n ˆ!4 ( , & G3!7
HH#
Z
$0!+/ G + )4 3 Y 3 E N e/
g
$2) N 3 n ) ,Ma - ,8 M "(3 M
_ 0 ?
gc - D Œ - iV ( Y F
,2 / D
Œ -
!4
! 3 Y M „ V *3 F
$H , 4 !A - /
,8 M "(3 b M-3/ , M 4 ,8 $- / !%- ,a
R 4 3 !%- iV (
! …m4 R 3 3 3!> &
D
; 3 P
\ Q M Q ZF
% " . 3 1'
2 -8
= . -8 2
$ 3 ^" 3
$2)M MH ,8 "(3 R M ,8 M "(3 M
c3!"M 3 M
M:( i6!8 , ƒ / ! / K 4 YM N 3 / MN M
G M>' 3!M> YM ' . M
L ,"VH6 H R 3 t ! - - / E H"
Z
$- RVH6 Y 3 +
,8 M
R iH h q "<
qM !V4 e & ~") ,M RM- > M M- M
MHH#
Z
,*;
$#
$1)+ Y 3 H-
$ M 3 ^" 3 3 " 3 ~' # ,8 M "(3 M
H#!"% - ,aJ/ Hk Z
: 3 ,2 Y !4
,aJ/
YM 3 !"M% - $M# RM 3 Y 3
R
!" a !+ $- M:. $M# M 3 $ 24 !- # b 4 *4 3 " !- 3
Y 3
^" 3 a HH#
$ƒ3 3 K ; 4 $# H"
Y M V4 3 R#! b 4
, HH#
(Zhang & Sarvary, 2011: 2)
Z
1. Interactive 2. Facebook 3. Wikipedia
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!!(
$ , 3 ,8 "(3
RM^ 3 4
$"M /!Ma
!M# MH- Z
Œ' M-/
M
g ,2 / R #
M C/!M0
] M ," M#
, 3 M" M Œ' -/!M2
QM /
$2) ,8 "(3
$ E R^ O
,M e ,8 "(3 M
Z
!M- /' M8
:H 3 R ,&!- N
H2M M )> 3
PqM s M 3 M a i 3 !MA
$
"(3 , ,8
$# H 3 R 3 H 3 & !"% - ` !" a H .
Z
Œ' -/
$"& H $#
$ M E M Y !4 ,M e M ,8 M "(3 M
M
/l
$- 3!- # ( 3 " - $# H" ,H ' . , /
Z
,2 / R
(3 3!- # $- $# H" , 3! / / !# $0 5 3
3 3 M" L
, H
$#
*4 3 "
R € 83 R# % 6 ; Z
R # 0 M c!"M% RM - > M- $# H" ! K 4 / ,4 6
3 3!> R !"H 3 3
Z
C/!0
$ C :^ *4 3 L 3 / 3 $#
,M RM *V0 ,8 "(3 M !#
A"^a / • - ‚!+ 3!- , € 0 , e q "< G 8 5
Z
," # , 3 "
c3!" 3 $- / R ! 2 3 3 M" 3 ,6 & E 3oa
)> 3
\ 0 _28 , 3!0 3 hH * Y" , ƒ /
HH#
Z
Œ' -/!2
$2) 3 ,1 ^4 $#
Œ' -/ / ,8 "(3 M- H"M hk #
- 3!- # 4 # 3 "
$ , / Z
$2) ,8 "(3
M(3 % € 83 $- ,MK < G ^M6 R& M
3!M>!-
$2) / u )4 3 , 3 Y ' . " / -
H
(Mayfield & Antony, 2008) Z
1.weblogs 2. Wikis 3. Podcasts 4. Forums
5. Content Communities 6. Microblogging 7. Social Networks 8. Second Life
!!
$2)
"M / 3!M03 M:. $M# H"M , M€ 0 $M# ; Y 8 ,8 "(3
, 3 (
HH#
, > " / ,a M G3!M =4 M !( 3 M&
3!M> M
, 2 H )4 3!- ,
a / 18 3 ( :. $# H" !7 3 M&
, c3!" 3 $- 3oa
Z M%# !MA M& Mj3 - 3 "- 3 ( h $# R - > Y 3
$2)M Y 3 )4 • 8 - H# 3!>!- u )4 3 , M2 $M- M
3!M- M- • M - / ,M0!V
3
, (
D 3 H P
\ ZF
/ 3!03 $- /3 i ;! $# R 3 ," ,8 "(3 i2) h (3
3 MN
,MM . / 3 MM & G ^MM6 9 MM 3 !MM- G ^MM6 YMM 3 C/ iMM ;! / MM
c3!" 3 , K " $- a a
Z 3 R) 6 ,">/
,M ,8 M "(3 i2) M
iV ( ," # $- -
!# 3 !- #
Z 1;
i2)M h R1 ,8 M "(3
3 R 3 G )8
R $8 N R
,M 3 2 3 Y 3 & 3!- # $- $# , M
$>'8 H R *V0 / 203 M 3!MA / M 3oA- c3!"M 3 $M- 3!A - 3 %
"
$>'8 ~'- 1 H
3oA- c3!" 3 $- . - 3 &
Z i2) ! 3 ,4 M& ,8 "(3
, $ƒ3 3 Z
, G & Y 3 - R G 2 3 - n H" 3 4
Z
$2) / Œ M- M
, 3!0 3 2 3 Y 3 !)"V 3 M& M YM2 G M& Y M- 3 !- M# M4 HH#
MH# e <" 3 Z
3 M:.
YM% 2 3 SM !+
,M $Mƒ3 3 3 G M& YM 3 M MH
D RM / V
L /J ,8 "(3 / ,AH !0
P
\ M ZF
F 0 7-( <d I
8 -
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!!
Y !&.
S 1 4 gT
R#!
,4 1 1 4 U
I H C/
X ,a H#3!
g i2)M
,8 M "(3 YM ' .
„ /!MV M
\
Facebooke, Twitter, Linkedin, Orkut, Tumblr,
Foursquare, MySpace, LiveJournal, Hi5
/ 3 Bebo
! 3!
:(
, !-
!M#
$#
† "
! 6 ; R 3
\
‹ _ 0 c - e ) Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3
$ #!4 / ' ƒ/ / R 3 Z
‹
!" 4 e ) Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 ' ƒ/ /
/
!- R 3 Z
‹ Y 2H * e )
Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 H
/ H R 3 Z
‹
!) 4 e ) Y !4 i2) Y | 0
/
!- R 3 Z
‹ 2 3 0 e )
Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 / 3
/
* R 3 Z
‹ _ | 3 e )
Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 2 4
/
$ !- R 3 Z
‹ ( s AH
/
$ / e ) Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 R 3
Z
‹ 0 H 4 / , / e ) Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 R 3
Z
‹ )- e ) Y !4 i2) ,8 "(3 H*! 3
/ H*
R 3 Z
G MM# /3‹ MM
MM !- /
$MMƒ a3 e MM) Y !MM4 i2)MM ,8 MM "(3 RMM 3
Royal.pingdomD FZ
= . / "
2> * -8 2
, 3! 3 C - Y */3 3!-
$)4 / H0 H- H 3
Œ'-/ C - ," !"
M Y N8 Z
,M 3! 3 M H"M 3 4 M M
P / P]
C M:k iM)4
Œ'-/
$- 3 :(
/. R Z
M $M)4 YM 3 V" s $- $")*3
gTT
$- (
% - $# !# 3 H4 A
,) R (/ H
, 3! 3 $H Y 3 -
Z
!a3
• $k ,M 3 a , M tM(3! 3 h
1. Pingdom
!#"
Œ'-/ . - tM ( M- M 3 RM 3 !2 !%"H , 0
M . MH-
Œ'-/
R)…
Œ'-/ / Œ'- V0
_ /!
,M ,M 3! 3 M 3 M4
$# Y <4 PP
/ ; ~V ( Q
R)…Œ'-/
,M 0 M
$# R 3 (/ R !"H 3 € 0
> Y 3 3 T
,MHV M6 QTT
3 M
, e V0 Œ'-/
Z ,M 9 3 Y 3 !- RM^a 3 M4
\ U
"M a'-/
3 ,2 , 0 Œ -
!4
$2) / N G 8 "(3 Y M 3! 3 ,8 M "(3
, e X
D L /J R / V ,8 "(3 / ,AH !0
P
\ T ZF
$2) 3 ,2 H 4 > ,8 "(3
R 3 G # /3 R Z
- L :k / ;
$2) C :^ $#
$- ,8 "(3 , 3! 3 3!- # G # /3 € ; - !" a +
, 4 # G / !# 3 p3/
.
>
M2 ! . / M !- 3 _ $# !# t !
G # /3 !5 ; %# Y 3! 3 {
$V M M 3
M , p3/ M
3 3 % Y N 3 Y 3 R € 8 - $# !# 3 Z
, a a $# H"^a D
H 3 !a
G # /3 F a Sƒ'8 ,K < G 8'+3 $- S !+ Y 3 3 ,M6 K & G M+ )4 3 /
, 3 R 3!03
3!M03 ,K < R H 3 Y"0 Y - 3 • 8 - # Y 3 R 3 Y2 / H#
Z
, a 3 L Hk
R / M 3!M(3 M5 14 a a 3 !- , M
/!a 4 !# G # /3 _ /!
„ o; G # /3 3 $ " ! 3J Z
3 Ma a $M")*3
R 3 -! 5 14 Y 3 3!(3 D
3 H P
\ O Q FZ
, 3! 3 L 3!a G # /3 !" 0 - G3 e # , &3 i2) $-
3 B C #
!#
Z
, 8 3 !5 ; ; e # R
H#
Œ -
!M4 M 3! 3 MN iMV ( Y
R 3 Z
$2) ! $ ) ,4 2 3 R Y 3 8 M "(3 M
3!M> 3!- M# M "&3 ,
, D L /J R / V ,8 "(3 / ,AH !0
P
\ ZF
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!#!
6G$71
%C -' $ 2 %/ K 2
= . -8 2
w i 63
$2) iV*W ,
M A 3 M 4 3 G )8 N ,8 "(3 , M
, B :. $- Y" $- 3 C ! $# R 3 M
Z M A 3
$M- 3 C !M ,4/ M^" M
$2) R ,M N ,8 "(3
M%#
Z M)4 G M8'+3 M:
M 8 Y !M4
R 10 Y 3
$ a
$2) , M - Z M)4 M2 3 '+3
G M8
$2)M ,8 M "(3 M
(3 N
2 G/ M^" G'2M% / ƒ $- t(3 A"^a / • ; ) ! a
, 3 Z
$2) R1 1;
3 !4 M ,W ,"H G' 2%4 3 !":- #o
)4 / 2"-3 N 3 " 3 , 3!0 G 8'+3
D
% P
\ Q ZF
)H(
i
"(3
, $H Y 3 A 3 Y / ,8
$ $2) € 83 t>3/ - M:H4
$)H( † /!4 !- $2 - 3 " !- ,8 "(3
#m4 3 Z 3!MA M- M $M- C !
/!a 3! 3
$M- ,M2 # / $"M 3oa M:. M "&3 3 G 8' +3 3 ,V)H
,8 "(3 R h N 3 / „ 3 3 n # R 3 :.
D
\ O ZF
)4 Y 3!- H- M: 3 ,8 M "(3 9 M 4 / G 8' +3
M A 3 Y !M4 C !M M
$- Y"
$2) , N ,8 "(3
- Z
!M- 3!AM% /J ,&!- ; Y 3 -
R / :. 3 ,2 $# 3 (/ !A s $# !7 Y 3
R 3 ,- Z Y 3
$W-3 C/!0 /!a / • ; )
gRk , )4 H 3 4 3 ,K < G 8' +3
: 4
H Z V 4 / C/3 4 3!- 4 Y H?
i ," / Y 3 E ( $- S %4 3 ‡ € 83
, N iV ( Y 3 $- !2 Z
R 3 , !a! A 3 Y !&.
Z
$-
‚!MW • ; ) 3 - , # +
M
$ ,"H
!A - 4 $ ) , !a! 3 ( 2 R !"H 3 $# R 3 .
, 4
- D
\ P ZF
1. Information Exchange 2. Chat Groups
!##
( 1 -" & -) $ 3 V4
$ ,V ( / N;
,4 8' +3
$#
$-
!%- /! 3
$ƒ3 3 , M n )M
R 3 4
!K 8 /! 3
!K 8 G 8' +3 /
G + )4 3
$- +
$M#
iMV (
$"0!%
/! 3 3 , 3 4 / - h U
"
I H , 8 X K 4
!#
Z
$ / S 8 ,M /!M 3 M:( Š M& C M7 3 $M# G 8' +3 $- i) (
,
3 n )
/ G 8' +3 R0 $- $# R
$ !- ,
$M- M& M
$ $- Y" 3 , !" $# N . 4 H# G 8 . i / 3!M- ,M"; !M)&
, N 3 / ) # / ‘ & Hk / Hk
M C N 3 , a $# H#
Y !M4
R 3 $" -3/ ( G 8' +3 R0 $- a 3 Z
!M2 8 RM 8 $- Y 3
E' +3 C 7 J/
, 9 ;3 , Z
/! 3 , :(
,a , H#
$#
/ ; . 3
$ ,V ( / C M7 ,4 M8'+3
!4
!#
/
! C3 # 3 4 R N .
$#
$ 3!-
!4 ,M MHH#
Z YM 3
R V>3/
• 4 3 , 3 R)
$M- M:(
!M5 ; Y - M- ,M MH#
/ 3 M
!MA
G /!5
€ ;
!…r 2
3 G 8'+3 3
3!- i /.
, Z
R !"H 3 Y 3
$ - $ 1
$-!MK H ,MaJ/ h 3 3 !A
!M0
R 3 Z ,M $MH Y !M" # M- !0 ! $# R 3 3 . € 0 R !"H 3 / M203 M 3 4
$% 3 M 3!M> M M)+ < M • !V . 3 ^" 3 - 3 L
Z iM)H( 3
R#! N4
- u -! G 8'+3 - G /
3!M> RM !"H 3 3 M& $
3 3 Z
"M $M(3 RM !"H 3 G M8'+3 3 , M)3 MN; - H#3 n 4!4 Y 3 $- R 3 !"% - G 8'+3 Y 3 3 $"0!% %# : $# R 3 ,: - Z
8 : $2 . 3 $" oa N4 G 8' +3 3 3
$-
* MK ">3 M> i 3 "%
$V 4 t 3 ( . $- $"0
C !M M 3 !"% - ,K < G 8' +3 { 3 S V4
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!#$
, 3!> R!"H 3 %# Y 3
$- 3!- - %# H#3 ! a
M)"83 /. R
, S %4 3 & C ! !"% - 3 !|-R!"H 3 G 8'+3 *4 $- 4 HH#
CitnaD FZ
b 4 $# “1 1 4 U
G :H*3 . X
/ U ( MA
X iM 0 gTT]
C MN 3
3!M> “M !- M M2 ! . C !M b M 4 R !"H 3 G 8' +3 *4 R V5 / R0!a Z S 1 4 Y 3 S)+
]]
2 ! . R !"H 3 3!- # 6 D
“HV
!^
F
$-
$ a
$" 3 R# % R !"H 3 ’ 3!- G 8' +3 *4 ’ 3 3
Z R# M% 3 7H
*4 3 RM 3 G M)8 G 8' +3
\ e/ hM MN 3
’ 3!M- G M8' +3 M 3 R M
e/
R# M% / ’ !MH !…3 _28 3 Œ' -/ ’ 3!- n W Y" !A “"
/!a
’ !)& ’ Z
3
$"M 3 R# M% G M8' +3 *4 $# ’ !^
M 3 M 6
e/ n ; 6 . !"% - $k!a3 { H" “K < R
e/ G 8' +3 3 M& R M
$-
$- n 4! +
“ /
HH#
Z M:H4 T e/ a M 3 M6 G M6 $M- R M
e/ “4 8' +3 $ 3 /
“ 3!> & R
!" # $"^ - h $ 1- “*/ H
e/
$- 3 & R
“ / HH#
Z
3 " a HH# *4 3
“MaJ/ $Mk R !"H 3 g
“ M
“*M; } M 3
$M#
gQ
H" “ A% 3 G' K 4 ’ 3 3 3!- # 6 ]Q
3 M" a MHH# *4 6
3 “ A% 3 G' K 4 R !"H 3 ’ 3!- Z
Y H?
g L 3 3!03 Y 3 6 M .
H"
Z
$-
!7
“ E M5 Y 3 / 9 3 b 4 s - - ’ H: !# 3!0
L 3 $#
- 3 .
$- 3 H8
^*24 3 “%<- HH# *4 R !"H 3 ’ 3!- “ 3 " %
LM 3 M6 - s -
“M- 3 M" a MHH# *4 M# $M- R)M 3 M .
! …mM4
1. Newsgroup 2. Content Creators
!#%
) Z 3 8 3 s - - ’ H: Y" 3 "&3
!…r
’ 3!M- G M8' +3 M *4
$- R 3 R !"H 3
’ +
$M#
O a MHH# *4 M6 _ /!M 3 3 M"
^"M 3
“ R 3 “ s - ~") > 3!- # # - $ 1 $# HH#
CitnaD ZF
( %5 1' 2 2 -) & -8 d ' 6 . $
/ % F
$ 3 ^" 3
$2) H ,8 "(3 ,8 "(3
D _ 0 G M# /3 / c - F
R / ! / K 4 Y" 3oa
, ƒ D e 4 F M6!8 i M:(
MN M
D C/ ,a F Y N 3 / L G >' 3!> Y ' .
M- / E MH" ,"VHM6 MH
R 3 t ! -
Z
$- RVH6 Y 3
R M ,8 +
hM qM "< M
q !V4 e & ~") iH , R- > - Y ' . G >' 3!> ~' j
HH#
Z
,*;
$1)+ Y 3 $#
H-
$ M 3 ^"M 3 M 3 M " M 3 ~' # M
H#!"% - : - ,aJ/ Hk ,8 "(3
\ R Y 3 !"% - $2H 3 /3
$-
!" a !+
!- 3 YM 3 M:. $M# M 3 $M 24 !- M# b M 4 M *4 3 "
^" 3 a HH#
; 4 $# H"
$ƒ3 3 K Y M V4 3 R#!M b M 4
, HH#
Z
$- y (!4 !- # ! ,8 + 3 3 M& $M- S V" , /! - , 3 "
y (!4 - $#
3 / R 3 G/ ^" !A 3!- # M 3 M $M- !MNH $ wM Y
i2) , ,a - ,
(Zhang& Sarvary, 2011: 2)
,*; $2H 3 C/
/!- $#
$ 3 - i $2) 3
$M- ,8 "(3 M+
$1)+ R 3 Y / ,K <%
q "<
i
$M- 3 M#! 4 3 ,4/ M^" ‚ W ,8 "(3
, L 3oa Z
n *ˆ R h L 3 3 - 3 ,&!-
D e M 4 MH
_ 0 / ƒ / !% RVH6
$2) RVH6 c - M "(3
,8 F
"& M hM / U
$M
!- k
X
$2) t H6 ,8 3 - 6 ; $# "
,"H R 3 Z
1. Broadband
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!#&
^" 3 3 ,&!- $2H 3 C YM N 3 ,A & Hk $- 4 a HH#
M
3 n >
,*;
,M M:V" R h $- :H4 $ 1- $#
MH Z C MN 3 ,M !- M
•! b 4
$2) a - 3!- # M2 ! . ,8 "(3
,* M
3 L - $# 3 % ]T
¡
$- )+/3 3
$M MHk 3 3 $M s V0 + D
M 0/!
F
e/
R ,*; H" q "<
$#
T
¡
$" 3 :z3 )+/3 3 M:H4 :. $# 3
e/ h $ h Y" 3 $- , R8 H> R
# HH
(Ibid: 3-4)
2 Z1c T T ,+ M)4 3 i !7 $ 3 " Y 3 U
$2)M iMV ( 3
X U ,4 M8' +3 iMV ( X
/
U H 5 / ^" 3 X
R 3 ^" 3 Z
$2) iV (
, 3 3
$M- $M# !# q !V4 $V ( 3 , 2 3 4
$M a MH 3 0 3
$2) 3 & b -3/
$
,M M 3
{ M
$2)M
$M- $M# , M
† M4
$2) Y A ( , / / G + )4 3 ,8 "(3
,M 24 3 :.
MHH#
Z
$2) $# R 3 ,HV 3 - Y 3 / ,8 "(3
$
$- 3 2 ; 3
U
, X 63 / , U
"&
X
iV ( : -
H"M Z
$2)M YM 3 M
/ ;3/ C 4 R >
G 6 Y 3 H-
D /!a 3!03 /
F
$M- 3 M+
, K " $- , / 03 / H#
D : 3 P
\ P ZF
" # !7 3
\
$2) ,8 M "(3 RM<
,M 2M%4 3 M tM 3 ( M ( MH
/
$2) SWH ` !" a H 3!0 † " / G 8 ! A %k G3! =4 3
N4 *4 , N 3 I H !0 / G > $-!
MH#
Z
$2)M M- , "& M M
1. Information Society
!#' , $# H"
x & M u M1 / MH- ` !" a ," / • / - H 3 4
u M)4 3 , 3 4 u 1 Y 3 $# , 4 3! o & / 3 ( c!"M% ,+ M)4 3 # 3 $# C3 ,HV H - $" 3 3 $2) D
3!M-
j
` 3
!# # „ 3 3 F
, ^" 3 HH#
D PT
\ ] M ] ZF
$ !7 3 !A ,&!- „ ' & $- " # • - RM Y 3 ,4 8' +3 iV ( 3 3 !
3 $#
$ ! 3 /
!# oa 3 { 3
$M# R 3 .!- /3 $2 - U
$2)M $MV ( 3
X
$ a !A
$ ! 3 ( 3
/ 9 3 / 3 3 M> M N4 / - *
3! - ”_ 3 . i
OT R 3 Z
$2) iV ( iK <%
RM 3 G M8' +3 / MH0 / G M8' +3 Y" 3 R #! 3 Z
iV ( $? . Y H? " # U
G 8' +3 !- ,H") X
, iMV ( / U
,4 M8' +3 X
, ƒ > 4 V ( C :^ {
i M8' +3 LM1 !- ,4 8' +3
$MV ( G
M #m4
, , " # $2 . ;
$# a
/ M: 9 M ; ,M%1 3 M G M8' +3
R 3 $" 3 :8 !- $V ( ,4 ; Z
C :^ 3 $? . U
G M8' +3 !M- ,H") X
^"M
, C :^ „ ' &!- U
G 8' +3 X
U ,8 M "(3 3 ,6 & 2 X
$M# RM 3
$-
*
*4 $ 3 / H0 b 3!
3 M4 M H- / 9 M 3 $M- G M8' +3 1" 3 / ` 3 !
)4 G > / *4 ,
D h ,#
PQ
\ M T ZF
U HH# a - ,4 8' +3 iV ( ‚' W63 l *H24
M8' +3 Y M M N4 / ,4
- $V ( R 3 G 8' +3 !(
X D ,H PT
\ ZF
* k ! 3 )> ,4 8'+3 iV ( R<
$M% $# R 3 V" 3 03
,H0 "&
: 3 / 3 . ,8 "(3 M ,M "& M Y 3 ‡3 (3 Y !4
3 M $M- 3 M4
H
\ ,*" N 3 M6 , 4
G M8'+3 / M D
ƒ M / / ! MK 4 3 M6 Y"M F
1. Digitalization
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!#(
!M &– G M> iVM 4 ,K < !4 | # 3 ^" 3 R 8 M
M" N
- L 3 H !4 | # Y
VM 4 HTML
i
$2)M ‡3 M(3 , M 4 M
,43!- <
D
YM^4 3 M M M- #
/ M FZZZ / M:. ,MA M !&s M-
~' 8 3 $2) $# R !"H 3 C $- "&
, )> 3 3 D
,M ,M M
/ FZZZ ,
!# 3
D
\ ZF
G 8' +3 !K 8 ,HV . $- $ ) ^ / ,4 8' +3 iV ( l3/
K ">3 L 3 /
g
$V ( , q 6 4 3 3
$M- M ,A" -3/ G & / s # E3 3 *4 3!- $# H#
3 G 8' +3 l *H24 !- # Z
l M*H24 Š MK & 3 ,aJ/ †H ,4 8' +3 iV ( • - " # ƒ , !- G 8' +3
\
RM 3 . C & G 8' +3 $# R 3 Y 3 ( 3 3 ,aJ/ Y */3 D PT
\ ZF - ! a3!0 $- 3 ,aJ/ Y /
! …mM4 l M*H24 3 M ( M
D
\ ZF
$2) SWH $- ,aJ/ Y ,MW-3/ $M8 N M "M !M
24 Y 3 3 $# 3 3 H
l * , ^" 3 G 8' +3 (
HH#
Z
$2) ,aJ/ $- $# C :k ,aJ/
, u -!
~' M# Hk !
$MM- G MM8' +3 l MM*H24 3 3 MM $MM# RMM 3 YMM 3 RMM 3 MM " . 3
„ WV 3 R 3 ,2" ! o D
\ ZF
l M*H24 e'M1 3 Y 3 NH ,aJ/
M 3!a l M*H24 MH 3 0 ,M M
Š MM&
! MM . $MM# RMM 3 NMM H MM - "MM hMM /
, x <%4 - >! ˆ $ a3 ( / , > h l *H24 D
\ ] ZF
1. Information Age 2. Knowledge Economy
!#
!7 i M A3 / !- n + < Y" A3 V0 Y 5 H 5 / ^" 3 / M
$ 3 ^" 3
#m4 ,
` 3 $# R 3 . !- / H#
SMƒ'8 LM1 / ,8 M "(3
,M 3 $M? . 3 8 Y 3 9 3 !- C ! / R 3 : )+ <
HM%- / MHH )- MH 3 &
, e <" 3 HH#
Z
$ M 3 C !M 3!Mk $# R 3 . $ !7 Y 3 , 3 L !
^"M 3 M
,
$- 7H $k 3!- 3 :. / HH#
, # , 3 $# ,< } ! a RM 3 YM 3 M
n # 3!- C ! $#
2M / G M8'+3 a M LM 3 . , M H 3
RM !M a
$ 3 ,K <
, ^" 3 HH#
D : 3 P
\ Og ZF
n M+ < $- $( 4 R ^# ,V+ > ~' # ! =4 H 5 / ^" 3 i !7 !…3
3 /
Z
$M !7 i # !- ' W- b & $ !7 Y 3 M%# $ M !M…3$M- u M-! M
Z
+ <
$- { !# • !0 V0 3 n +
$#
LH Ma / e M<" 3 9 3 !- ` &
, H#
Z
; $# !# s " 3 4 # iV*W R 3 G $- „ !% G + )4 3 $# 3
u )4 3 R 3 8 1" 3 H8 R 4 ,V ( Z
L ! 4 # U
$ M M- C !M
$Mk M
, } HH#
X L ! Y A ( 3 U
$
$k C ! - ,
} HH#
X
!#
Z
$M# 3 M% /3
, q "< 3!03 C 3 H 3 4
u )4 3 G/ M^" M - „ 3 M 3 3!- $- % ,V (
HH# ^" 3 D
2 4 / Y P]
\ g M g ZF
A , 63 „ U
3 M" M *4 G M+ )4 3 NM% 3 R# M% 3 , !-
$2) ,8 "(3
X - Z
„ G )8 ,8!0 3 3
\
Z ,- "
$2) N% 3 $# , 3 " E $- , *4 ,8 "(3
HH#
Z
g Z
^" 3 / !- # E R& H
$2) 3 N% 3 $# 3 3 ,8 "(3
Z
Z ,- "
$2) R € 8 3 N% 3 A 3 $-
{,8 "(3
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!#
] Z
$2) , H
"% - $# ,8 "(3 3 3 n + < Y !
Z
Z
$2) , H Y !"% - Š & ,VW1 $# ,8 "(3
! …m4 3 3 Z
2 3H 8 i" N% 3 C 4 , !- Y 3 A% 3 ,8 "(3 G + )4 3 C 8
$M '8
M#! 3!M:4 M;3/ 3 . 3!:4 , )+ )+
, MK 4 t+ M1 G M1 1 4 C M 8 /
# , H # , H
!"# / 3 T
. R V ( , e
M Z 3 MV4
i" N% 3 A% 3 ,8 "(3 G + )4 3 C 8
/ M; M- M
g / 3 M ]
, !^
3!# # !0 9 3 !- $# - g
, 2%4 3 $ N; !^
H Z
1 1`
2 $0
$ 3 NH 3
$1)+ ! a 3
" 3
R 3 ^
Z
$ 3!
$1)+ ! a 3!- , / 3
,- "
- „ !V 3 !4s - i( $-
$- 3 , R Z
$
$1)+ ! a 3
$- (
$2.
i
# 3 ! 2 3 &
,MM MMH +3 MM H# e MM<"3 RMM V ( MM6 H8 3 ,)MM H 3 MMV4 $MM# MM -
! 3
$8 N !
"3 R V ( A , e <
D ,)- P
\ ]]P ZF
Z
;!
i
$1)+ :. K 4 A% 3 9 3 !- 3 N% 3 /3 MH-
$1)+ 3 h ! Y - 3 $V ( 3!03 t 4 / ( / !#
!# $ :4 Z
g Z
$1)+ 3 h ! : / 6 R)
!# $) $V ( R V ( # 3 Z
Z
$1)+ ! : $- $( 4 -
$M 3!03 3 $1)+ . : / R) $V (
!# Y V Z
] Z
$ ` / 3 ^" 3 - $ ;! Y !&.
iM 3!03 3 V4 ,0 K 4 ! a
1. Stratified Sampling
!$"
!# e <" 3 $1)+ # Y - 3 3 $1)+ ! Z
, 'M 3 3 . AM% 3 3 n M 4!4 Y -
M#! 3!M:4 ;3/
]Q . AM% 3 NM% 3 G M1 1 4 C M 8 M;3/ , 'M 3 3
g
3!:4 A% 3 N% 3 ]Q
, )+ )+ $ '8 A% 3 / N% 3 T
e M<" 3 3 NM% 3
!#
Z
$- 4 )8 , H # N% 3 Y - 3 !A , g g
, H # !^
M 3 P / !M^
!"#
g
!# e <" 3 ,0 K 4 ` / 3 ^" 3 - 3 !^
Z
- "
I$L 8 N ' %
3 L<- Y 3 Qg
$M- ,M 3/3!0 t 4 / ( 3 MV4 $M- M:H4 M . RM
$- $# 3 /
$ 5 !0 $- 1" + , u -! , !-
Z
7-(
Q
=
@ ( % + JK O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7
3 D F
!A - Y 3
$# R 3 n W V !^
Q f Q A< 3 6
3 !"% - / ~s V ]
, ^" 3 R !"H 3 3 R8 HH#
{ ,4 6
$M#
Q
!M^
V g f g 6 g 4 R8 QP V !^
f gT 6 4 g R8 T
!^
V ] f 3 !" # 6 R8
MV !^
] f M6 M4
] 3 R8 M
!# e <" 3 3
Z , _ A<M !"M% - R^a 3 4 3 L M- / ~s M V
]
, ^" 3 R !"H 3 3 R8 HH#
Z
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!$!
7-(
.
= ) 1 & M 7 IF 0 + 737k 8 O 4C 3+ 7
( 8 -
$MM"0
3 MM MM
D g F ,MM MM%
$MM# MM TT MMV !MM^
f g MM6 3
!# :z3 A<
$2)M 3 ,M2 M€ 8 $# 3 MH ,M" !"H 3 ,8 M "(3 M
_ 0 H" c - ,*;
$#
3 V4 Q V !^
f ] MH a 6 i
!M &
e M<" 3 3
!#
3 Z ,
$2) 3 ,2 € 8 A< R !j#3 $# R0!a $N " Y Hk 3 4 M
_ 0 H ," !"H 3 ,8 "(3 c -
H"
Z
7-(
\
=
#F #3 n O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7 T K KR( 8 - 1
Ky € 73
3 D F
!A -
$# R 3 n W Y 3 P
V !^
g f P A< 3 6
!# :z3
$2) $- :. , !" $# 3 _ M0 !M 7 ,8 M "(3
3 !M ˆ / c M-
3 Y2 !" 0 S !+
, C N
,*; {
$M#
TP MV !M^
g f M6 3 VPN
!# e <" 3 3
Z , _
$2)M $M- A<M RM !j#3 ,M !" R^a 3 4 M
_ 0 ! 7 ,8 "(3 , C N 3 Y2 !" 0 S !+ 3 ! ˆ / c -
Z
7-(
X
= P 1 39F !K % + JK O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7
#F #35 8 - 1
!$#
3 MM $MM- $MM( 4 MM- D
] F ,MM
$MM# RMM0 3 MM4 gT
MMV !MM^
] f Qg 3 MM6
, & / 3 $- A<
$2)M $- K 43 3!- Y2 !" 0 3 ,8 M "(3 M
, ^" 3 HH#
,*; { 3 V4 $#
Q V !^
gT , & / # $H a 6 3 MV4 M#
]
!^
V f H a 6 i
!M# e M<" 3 3 ; 4 M 3
Z ,M
$MN " Y MHk 3 M4
$M- MK 43 3!M- Y2 !" 0 3 , & / 3 $- A< R !j#3 $# R0!a
$2) , ^" 3 ,8 "(3
HH#
Z
7-(
]
=
% + JK O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7 VPN
#35 P 1 3
#F 8 - 1
$MM"0
3 MM MM
D F ,MM MM%
$MM# MM g]
MMV !MM^
g f P 3 MM6
!# :z3 A<
3 $- $# 3 /
,M &
M 3
$M- MK 43 3!M-VPN
$2) , ^" 3 ,8 "(3
HH#
3 MV4 $M# ,4 M6 { ]
MV !M^
f
, & / # iH a 6 3 V4 #
QP MV !^
f gT 3 M; M4 iMH a M6
!# e <" 3 3
Z , 3 $- A< R !j#3 $# R0!a $N " Y Hk 3 4 M
/
, &
3
$2) $- K 43 3!-VPN
, ^" 3 ,8 "(3 HH#
Z
7-(
[
=
#A 8 O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7
^ ( #31
#F 8 - 1
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!$$
3 D Q F
!A -
$# R 3 n W Y 3 gT]
MV !^
O f Qg 3 M6
$M- A<M
>'8 , & / 3
$
$2) / )&3 $# H MHH# !%"H ,8 "(3
{
,4 6 3 V4 $#
Q V !^
] f ,M & / M# iH a 6 M#
P MV !M^
O f
a 6
!# e <"3 3 ; 4 iH 3
Z , _ A<M !"M% - RM^a 3 4 3 M $M-
>'8 , & /
$
$2) / )&3 $# H HH# !%"H ,8 "(3
Z
7-(
Z
=
#A 8 O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7
#F T F8 ( #31 8 - 1
3 D O F
!A - n W Y 3
$# R 3 MV !^
QT M6 3
$M- A<M
>'8 , & / 3
$
$2) _28 $# H
MHH# !M%"H ,8 "(3 {
,4 6 3 V4 $#
Q V !^
gT ,M & / M# iH a 6 M#
] MV !M^
Q f g
!# e <" 3 3 ; 4 iH a 6 3
Z , _
!"% - R^a 3 4 A<M
3 M $M-
>'8 , & /
$
$2) _28 $# H
HH# !%"H ,8 "(3 Z
7-(
m
= O 4C 3+ 7 ) 1 & M 7 Kj`
#F 1 N,
o7$ ( 8 - 1
!$%
$"0 3
D P F
!A - R 3 n W Y 3
$#
MV !M^
Q f Q 3 M6
A<
$2) RM G M- <" 3 3 ,M" !"H 3 ,8 "(3
3!M 3 M: (
! …m4 , 3oa
,*; H 3
3 V4 $#
P V !^
g f gQ 6 B ^43 E >/
M:
9 ' "M&3 MH MK ">3 / , Q
MV !M^
gT
,M Gs M 4 M6
$1WH %#
]g V !^
f g B ^43 E >/ 6 MH ,8 M "(3 M:
">
!# e <" 3 Y 3 3!- 3 / 3
] YM 3 $- !^
3rM 3 M •M
M 3 Z
,
$2) A< !"% - $# R0!a $N " Y Hk 3 4 3 ,M" !"H 3 ,8 "(3
R G - <" 3 3! 3 : (
! …m4 , 3oa H 3
Z
$< / >3
$- † " 9 3 !- R
M- ,M !- YM 3 i 5 !0 $ . +3 M6
/ MH
W& 6 m4
Z
5 IKe M *4 N% 3 R# % 3 / R !"H 3 3 ^" 3 3 Y -
$2) 3 "
3 (/ u )4 3 ,8 "(3 Z
5 Q
= JK @ ( % + JK 9K3IY3 31 3 4 - • (
@ W +
#F 1 7 $ K<7 + 7H ( 8 - 1
,A" ) 3 1
( i 3 . 3 HV yW
Y ! | 3 f
T P
Tg f T
!M-3!- ,A" ) 3 f
T
!M-3!- . 3 . iM( / P
3 MHV yWM M- Tg
f T
R 3 Z
3 3 HV yW 3 k
T f T /3 i M5!0 3oM*R 3 !" # M m4
,M { M
Y 3!- H- Y - 3 M" M *4 NM% 3 R# M% 3 M / R !"H 3 3 ^" 3 3
$2) 3 (/ 3 HV iW-3 ,8 "(3
Z
!"M% - $M# , # s - / ( $- $( 4 -
, ^" 3 R !"H 3 3
$2) 3 " *4 !"% - HH#
H" 3 R# % ,8 "(3 Z
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!$&
Ke I 6 Y -
$2) $- , !"
NM% 3 R# M% 3 / ,8 "(3
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ u )4 3 ,8 "(3
Z
5 .
= +7 '• (
^ 31 3 IY3
9K3
#F #3 + 7H ( @ W + JK 8 - 1
#F 1 7 $ K<7 8 - 1
. 3 1
3 . i(
3 HV yW
/ ,&
O f g g
]T f T
. 3 ,&
/
!-3!- O f g
!M-3!- . 3 . iM( / g
3 MHV yWM M-
]T f T R 3 Z
3 3 HV yW 3 k
T f T C/ i M5 !0 3o*R 3 !"% - M m4
, Y 3!- H- { Y -
$2) $- , !"
NM% 3 R# % 3 / ,8 "(3
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ 3 HV iW-3 ,8 "(3
Z
IKe 67
$2) R € 8 Y - NM% 3 R# % 3 / ,8 "(3
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ u )4 3 ,8 "(3
Z
5
\
= +7 '• (
^ 1 3 3 3 IY 9K3
#F @ 7k 8 8 - 1
+ JK + 7H ( @ W
#F 1 7 $ K<7 8 - 1
. 3 1
( i 3 . 3 HV yW
/ ,&
] f Q ]
TT f T
. 3 ,&
/
!-3!- ] f Q
!M-3!- . 3 . $( / ]
3 MHV yWM M-
TT f T R 3 Z
3 3 HV yW 3 k
T f T M- C i 5 !0 3o*R 3 !" #
¡
H +3 /
¡ W&
m4 , Y 3!- H- { Y -
$2)M R M€ 8
/ ,8 M "(3 M
$2) 3 " *4 N% 3 R# % 3
MW-3 ,8 M "(3 M i
3 MHV
3 (/
Z
$2) $# , # s - / ( $- $( 4 - M - M€ 8 ,8 M "(3 M
$2) 3 " *4 !"% - 3 R# % ,8 "(3
H"
Z
6 2* IKe
\ 3 M / $MV ( ,M / ,8 M "(3 b 3!M / , / Y -
!$' N% 3 R# %
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ u )4 3 ,8 "(3
Z
5 X
= +7 '• (
^ 31 3 IY3
9K3
#G K 8 - v ( |
+ JK
+ 7H ( @ W
#F 1 7 $ K<7 8 - 1
. 3 1
3 . i(
3 HV yW
,&
/ TT f P Q
TT f T
. 3 ,&
/
!-3!- TT f P
!M-3!- . 3 . i( / Q
3 MHV yWM M-
TT f T R 3 Z
3 3 HV yW 3 k
T f T M- C M:k i M5 !0 3oM*R 3 !" #
¡ / H +3
¡ W&
m4 , Y 3!- H- { Y -
/ / ,8 "(3 b 3! / ,
$2)M 3 " *4 N% 3 R# % 3 / $V ( , ,8 M "(3 M
W-3 i
3 M(/ 3 HV
Z H"M 3 M1"83 $M# , M # s M- / M( $M- $M( 4 M-
$2) RM G M- <" 3 ,8 "(3
3!M 3 M: (
! …m4 3 !4 3oMa RM
$2) 3 " *4 !"% - H" 3 R# % ,8 "(3
Z
>H IKe
\
$2) I H !" 0 Y - N% 3 R# % 3 / ,8 "(3
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ u )4 3 ,8 "(3
Z
5 ]
= +7 '• (
^ 31 3 3
IY 9K3
#F !K
8 - 1 + JK
@ W
#F 1 7 $ K<7 + 7H ( 8 - 1
. 3 1
3 . i(
3 HV yW
,&
/ g
f P P
] f T
,& . 3
!-3!- / g
f P
!M-3!- . 3 . iM( / P
3 MHV yWM M-
] f T R 3 Z
3 3 HV yW 3 k
T f T NH i 5 !0 3o*R 3 !"% - M m4
, Y 3!- H- { Y -
$2) I H !" 0 N% 3 R# % 3 / ,8 "(3
$2) 3 " *4 3 (/ 3 HV iW-3 ,8 "(3
Z
. /0 . & 1 0 23 !!!
!$(
* $-1 6&& B$) "G* 2 $0
Y 3
"
„ -
U 3 M" M *4 G + )4 3 N% 3 R# % 3 , !-
$ ,8 "(3 X 3 R 3 ! ‚! $- . 3 6 ; † " $# R 3 $"0!a C N
\
3!03 R !j#3 ,M ^"M 3 R !"H 3 3 $"^ / !
3 !"M% - / ~s M V MHH#
]
, ^" 3 R !"H 3 3 R8 / HH#
, K " R !"H 3 $- # 3 Z
S !+ 3 H ,M2 € 8 3 , !" R !"H 3 $-ADSL
$2)M 3 M
_ 0 H ," !"H 3 ,8 "(3 H" c -
€ 8 , 3! 3 ,8 "(3 i2) h H# 4
) 3
$2) $- A< R !j#3 , !"
_ 0 ! 7 ,8 "(3
! ˆ / c -
, C N 3 Y2 !" 0 S !+ 3 Y2M !" 0 3 ^" 3 $# 3 1"83 3!03 !"% - /
. :. 3!- R 3 9 !" /
Z
:
^"M 3 M * Y !M4 A<M RM !j#3
$2)M 3 n M # ,8 M "(3 M
R / )&3 / G 8' +3 ƒ M M 3! MA"^a "M / M- u )4 3 / ( ,-
R 3 3 " *4 / , !a! ,8 "(3 / , Z
M:. !"M% - M 3
^"M 3 3 MHk
, 8
$2) 3 ,8 "(3
,
# : Y - Y 3 / HH M * Y !4
^"M 3 M:.
3
$2) R 3 )&3 / G 8' +3 n # ,8 "(3
Z
$>' 8 , & / 3 $- 3!03
$ ( $# H / )&3 0 ,- 3
$2) Y" / _28 , !a! n *W Y M- YM 3 / MHH# !M%"H ,8 "(3
$>' 8 !"% -
$- H H" / )&3 %" 3 Z
: 3 M" M *4 3 :. A 3 Y !4
$2) R 3 , !a! ,8 "(3
Z
. 3 MMV- 3 MM& / G MM- <" 3 E MM5 $MM# MM 1"V A<MM !"MM% -
$2) _ 0
e 4 c -
!" 4 M) M , & / 3 $- Y !4s - R /
Y - Y 3 / _ 0 i2)
$2)M ! M 3 !"M% - c M- E M5 $M- ,8 M "(3 M
!$
$2)MM A<MM !"MM% - / RMM 3 $MM"&3 ! . 3 MMV- 3 MM& / G MM- <" 3 MM
R G - <" 3 3 ," !"H 3 ,8 "(3 3! 3 : (
! …m4 , 3oa H 3
Z
1"V A< R !j#3
i2)M G + )4 3 N% 3 € ;
_ M0 c M-
$2) 3 !"% - 3!M- ,M 3! 3 ,8 M "(3 i2)M hM MN 3 / RM 3 M- !A
, /!5 3 G + )4 3 3 " 3 / N% 3 H # M1"83 M:. !"% - / H 3
$2) I H !" 0 $# 3 ,M ,M # ,M & / M# 3 M $M- ,8 "(3
M 3 4
C 8 R Y 3 $- N% 3 , !"
! …m4 - $" 3 Z
N^‚ M3
Y ; , 3 D
PP ZF g v 3 !-8 1 7-8
. 9Ki3? i- 9K< o B #87-H h i!!-<
v 3 7-8 . 3!:4
\ Y - _ 3!^H# , ƒ3 $ &! - b -3/ , *3
3! 3 , 8 Z
3 ,)- D P r =p 8 - 67!8 tKB$ 1 i (!4
3!:4 5 0 5
\ R Z
, 8 ,*' ( )6 ' / !)#3
D PP ZF g v 3 7-8 . v i3 @ 9 7(1 k
| Ji 7i-8
67 9K3? - 9K< o B #87-H h v 3 !!-<
7-8 . 3!:4
\ Y - _ 3!^H# , ƒ3 $ &! - , *3
b -3/
3! 3 , 8 Z
;
, 8 3
D P FZ U
#F W W + i (i2 iP 8 1 iH 8 - 1
X
$ H MK 0
+ (2 1 G<Y
/3 L /3
Z
2 4 ( / ! / Y D
P]
=p g
# R(
1 h
3!M:4 M1 M5 ! 8 iM (!4
\ G3 M%" 3
3 . A% 3 Z
ƒ " # D
PT 8 P 8ZF
#F #G 72b 1
M ( )# & Y %03 / 1 8 ;3 i (!4
3!:4 /3
\
‚!+
Z
: %
D P
#( 1 k 6 ( ZF
#iK!8 iF '6 i( i BK Y 3
#& 8 +
#( 1
9 7( 1
3!:4
\
‡ 8 Z
!:k H ,H D
PT
#G ZF 8 #G
3!:4
\ 3 Z
L /J R / V ,8 M "(3 / ,AH !0
D P
#F ZF o7i$ i2('? iB( 8 - 1
+ K
3!:4
\ C 7 R K x <%4 t N h J43!" 3 G 1 1 4 #!
Z
h
M*H / | / 2 - ,#
D PQ tKB$ ZF 8 IG
Y M 3 iM (!4
3!:4 !#
\
$ iV 4 / G V*W !"0 Z
: 3 D
P
# R(ZF
#( 1
# (
, • 1
1 B(1 3!:4
\
!:%
Z
3 3 ( H D P ZF g S
#( t D W ( 8- 1
h
$ H K 0 2 D W
"
Z
!%"
http://royal.pingdom.com/2011/10/21/social-network-popularity-around-the-world-in-2011 www.citna.ir/1390/6/12
Mayfield, Antony. (2008), What is Social Media, Retrived 01, 19, 2010. From icrossingan e-book.
Scot, John, (1991). Network Analysis social, London: sage publications
Zhang, Kaifu& Sarvary, Miklos, (2011, September 1), Social Media Competition:
Differentiation with user- Generated Content, an e-book.