With the collapse of the Soviet Union, a power vacuum arose in the South Caucasus. The result of this situation is the competition between Tehran and Ankara in the region. In this article we tried to answer these questions; what is the most important aspect of rivalry between Iran and Turkey in the South Caucasus.
In the same vein, the Republic of Azerbaijan is the center of the disputes between Iran and Turkey in the South Caucasus. The position of Iran and Turkey in the South Caucasus has not been formed on the basis of their actual capabilities.
The Arrival of Iranian and non-Iranian Tribes in the Caucasus, their Lasting Impacts on This Area
Intellectual and Political Typology of Sufism in Afghanistan
West and Arab world raised the idea that one of the extraordinary growth of excommunication and Salafi movements in the region and the groups of Sufism in Islamic societies weakened and marginalized. For this reason, the strengthening of such groups tends to marginalize excommunication through Western thought as one of the proposed options and strategies in those states involved in the phenomenon of Salafism and its security implications. In these circumstances, analysis of the nature of these groups and their position in the regional security equation will be important, especially with regard to Afghanistan due to its position as one of the main centers of Salafist movements.
This study attempts to explain and analyze the dynasties of Sufism in Afghanistan from the monastery that entered the world of politics. This research has used descriptive and analytical methods to analyze and explain the question: “What do the political and intellectual currents of Sufism in Afghanistan have in the process. And what role have they played in political and social developments in the country?”
It also raises the opinion that "Given the situation in Afghanistan, Sufi groups can be found in the country's political landscape. This study examines the development of Sufi groups in Afghanistan and the ups and downs of contemporary history. The special relationship between disciple and sheikh in the Sufi sects and the absolute adherence of the disciples to elders certainly has something special to give political parties originating from Sufi groups, and distinguishes them from other parties.
The status of energy resources of the Caspian Sea in the strategies of the European Union on Central Asia and.
The Status of Caspian Sea Energy Resources in the Strategies of European Union on Central Asia and
Caucasus
Internal factors include the rise in energy prices, the decline in production in the North Sea and the growing concerns about Europe's ability to meet future energy needs. The external factors are the increasing tension in the relationship with global demand by emerging powers such as China and India, the uncertainty in energy producing regions such as the Middle East, and Russia's willingness to use energy for political purposes. The problem of energy security in the region will intensify the growing demand for energy in Europe in the future.
Thus, Central Asia and the Caucasus are considered as a potential oil and gas supply area and a transit route for Caspian energy to Europe. Economic growth was stable due to the high level of oil and gas production and the increase in the prices of these products. Therefore, there are several factors that make the EU pay attention to Central Asia and the Caucasus.
Asia and the Caucasus can be useful for the European states on the one hand, and also reduce its dependence on Russian oil and gas on the other. The main question is therefore which factors can improve the position of Central Asia and the Caucasus in the policy of the European Union. In response to the question, we review this hypothesis that the EU strategy to reduce its dependence on Russian oil and gas has improved the region's stance (Central Asia and the Caucasus) in EU policy.
In the second part, the multilateral policy of the EU in the energy charter and the transport of gas and oil will be discussed.
A Comparative Study about Communicative Situation of the North Middle East with Central Asia in Comparison
A comparative study on the communicative situation of the North Middle East compared to Central Asia. This study is an attempt to examine the communication indicators of this area (cluster) with Central Asia compared to the other areas of the Middle East. This research also records communication intensity of internal networks and extra networks in the Middle East.
The Northern Middle East is a geopolitical concept that emerged with new developments in the Middle East region. This study is an attempt to examine the communication indicators of the Northern Middle East (cluster) in comparison to other areas of the Middle East. Therefore, the polarity of the regional network is centered on communication flows on this Middle East cluster.
Therefore, the theoretical model is to explain the network formation of the North Middle East. The third section is focused on the relationship between the north of the Middle East and Central Asia. Therefore, we can define a new structure in the Middle East as "The North Middle East".
The Middle East has an unstable network and we cannot receive integrity in the area.
Status of Women and the Family in Contemporary Russia
The most important role of women was motherhood and parenthood and the role of wife. During the communist era, attempts were made to highlight the role of women in politics. This was the result of competition between two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The women in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were the most effective in the Soviet Union. In the early 1990s, society, disillusioned by the demands of the former government, rejected everything that was remembered from the communist era. Women's economic independence has increased their social position and led to a redefinition of the marital relationship.
The results of the studies show that the women can change their role outside the home faster than the men at home. One of the factors for the development of the family is the globalism of culture. It resulted in a decline in moral values and in the tendency of families to revive national traditions.
According to the studies conducted on the positive and negative aspects of modernism on the condition of women and the family in
Overlapping and Competitive Regional Security Policy- Making in the Caucasus
Thus, until 2016, 17 regional institutions were responsible for the development of joint peacekeeping and peacemaking activities in the Caucasus. It is for this reason that geographical and cultural issues are of great importance in explaining regional security policymaking in the Caucasus. The basic question of this article is "what are the features and symptoms of the process of making regional security policies in the Caucasus".
The article's hypothesis indicates that “post-Cold War regional security policymaking in the Caucasus has an overlapping and competitive character.” In the Caucasus, Russia was considered an influential regional and international power; but regional crises have gradually weakened its position. In such circumstances we can see signs of phased competitiveness in major power relations.
Regional actors such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Israel are trying to expand their spheres of influence in the region. In such circumstances we can see signs of unstable balance in the relations between regional actors. This means that the Euro-Atlantic complex is trying to provide the necessary bases to expand the scope of Western security norms in the Caucasus.
Since stability and security balance are limited in the Caucasus, "Regional Security Complexes" will not be formed in the Caucasian geopolitical arena.
The Spatial-Geo-Economical Analysis of Iran Trade Relations with CIS
According to the available evidence, in addition to the fluctuations of the commercial value of Iran's trade relations with CIS countries, during the years 2001 to 2012, Iran's exports to this region with an increase of 202 percent had approximately 16970 million dollars. In the overall evaluation of Iran's trade relations with the CIS countries, in general, despite the increasing level of mutual trade relations from 2001 to 2012 (by 125 percent between 2314 and 5198 million dollars), the mainstream of trade relations, in terms of quality is not satisfactory. This is particularly important due to the significant increase in the level of trade relations in Iranian import department, while the increase in Iranian exports is only significant in trade relations with some of the CIS countries.
Now, in view of the above discussion, in fact, this research together with the study and statistical analysis of Iran's trade relations with CIS countries, following the spatial - geo-economic analysis of the mainstream of mutual business relations. So the question is, in terms of the principles of geo-economics, what is this general nature of Iran's trade relations with the CIS countries. It seems that in the spatial-geoeconomic aspect there is no balance and much success in the general nature of Iran's trade relations with the CIS countries.
The research was done using descriptive-analytical method, in particular descriptive analysis of the raw data statistics of Iran's trade relations with CIS countries and spatial analysis of the deductive models and the group analysis models that are based on the nature of mutual trade relations withdrawn. According to results of this research, the most important geo-economic feature of Iran's trade relations with CIS during years is the complete leadership of Iran imports, the dominance of the non-dynamic trend of the trade relations, the falling place of most CIS in the area of Iran's exports and reciprocally their place improvement in the area of Iran's imports. Indeed, despite the causal explanation to the improvement of the mutual trade relations due to economic-geographical facts, the current trend in the different parts of mutual trade relations, now according to spatial analysis of the Iran trade relations with CIS, does not have a suitable geo -economic and spatial balance.
Even sometimes this trend is not in accordance with the geographical reality and does not represent the geo-economic complementary principle in mutual trade relations.
