ا ﻔﺎده ی ﻪ از ﻨﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺪ - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد نجف آباد

(1)

ﺪ�ﺎﺑ یﺎﻨ�� زا ﻪ�ی�� هدﺎﻔ��ا

ﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻒﺠﻧ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﺑﺎﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ

ﻲﻧﺎﻐﻓ ﺩﺎﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ

ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺴﻤﻴﻧ 94

- 1393

(2)

Bandwidth Utilization :

2

Bandwidth Utilization 

ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ .

Efficiency 

ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻳ .

ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ 

.

(3)

ﺎﻳ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ Multiplexing

:

3

ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ 

ﻪﻛ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ

ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻚﻨﻴﻟ )

ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ (

ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﻭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ

ﺶﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ

ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ

ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ

،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ

ﺍﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ

ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔ

.

ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ 

ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

ﻱﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻜﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻪﻛ

ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻫﺩ ﺎﺗ

،ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ

ﻝﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ

ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺒﻋ

ﺪﻨﻛ .

(4)

ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﻱﺮﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻨﻴﻟ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ :

4

(5)

ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ :

5

ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﻛﺮﻓ (FDM)

(6)

Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) :

6

(7)

FDM:

7

FDM 

ﺖﺳﺍ گﻮﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻚﻳ ، .

ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻛﺮﻓ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻤﺴﻗ ،ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ 

ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ .

k₂ k₃ k₄ k₅ k₆

k₁

f

t

c

(8)

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺜﻣ : FDM

8

(9)

ﻩﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ FDM :

9

(10)

ﺭﺩ FDM ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ

:

10

(11)

ﻝﺎﺜﻣ :

11

ﺽﺮﻓ 

ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻚﻳ

ﻝﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ

ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ 4kHz .

ﺎﻣ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ 3

ﻝﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ

ﺎﺗ20 ﺯﺍ :،ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ 12kHz)ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ 32kHz (

(12)

ﻞﺣ :

12

(13)

ﻝﺎﺜﻣ :

13

ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ،ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﺞﻨﭘ 

100kHz ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ

. ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺽﺮﻓ

ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ 10kHz

ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻬﺟ ، .

ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ

؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﭼ ﻩﺍﺭ 

ﻞﺣ : 5 × 100 + 4 × 10 = 540 kHz,

(14)

گﻮﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﻛﺮﻓ ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ :

14

(15)

Wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM) :

15

WDM 

ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ گﻮﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻚﻳ ،

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻧ ﻞﺑﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻬﻟﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ .

ﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺝﻮﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻚﻳ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ 

ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ .

(16)

16

(17)

ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ : WDM

17

(18)

: TDM

18

(19)

: TDM

19

TDM 

ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺘﻴﺠﻳﺩ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻚﻳ ،

ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻝﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ .

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ 

ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .

f

t

c

k₂ k₃ k₄ k₅ k₆

k₁

(20)

Synchronous time-division multiplexing :

20

ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ 

ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻥﻭﺮﻜﻨﺳ TDM ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ n

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻧﺎﻛ n .

(21)

ﻝﺎﺜﻣ :

21

ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ 

6.13 ،ﺎﻬﻳﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺥﺮﻧ ،

ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ 1kbps ﺖﺳﺍ

. ﺮﮔﺍ 1 ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺑ

ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﺲﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ )

ﻒﻟﺍ ( ،ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ slot

) ﺏ ( ﻭ ،ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ slot

ﺝ)

( ؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﭼ ﻢﻳﺮﻓ

ﻩﺍﺭ 

ﻞﺣ :

ﻒﻟﺍ 

: ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺮﻫ 1/1000

ﺎﻳ ،ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 1ms

. ﺮﻫ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺲﭘ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ slot

1ms

ﺖﺳﺍ .

ﺏ 

: ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ 3

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ .

ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ slot

1/3 ms ﺖﺳﺍ

.

ﺝ 

: ،ﻢﻳﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ 3

،ﻢﻳﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ،ﺍﺬﻟ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ 3*1/3=1ms

ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ .

(22)

ﻱﺪﻨﺑﺮﻜﻴﭘ :

22

(23)

23

(24)

24

(25)

ﻲﻬﺗ ﻱﺎﻬﺗﻼﺳﺍ :

25

(26)

ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ :

26

(27)

ﻲﺗﻼﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﭼ ﮓﻨﻴﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻣ :

27

(28)

Pulse stuffing :

28

(29)

ﮓﻨﻴﻣﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻴﺑ :

29

(30)

ﻝﺎﺘﻴﺠﻳﺩ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ :

30

(31)

DS and T line rates :

31

(32)

T-1 line for multiplexing telephone lines :

32

(33)

ﻢﻳﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ : T1

33

(34)

E line rates :

34

(35)

ﻱﺎﻬﺗﻼﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ : TDM

35

(36)

ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻒﻴﻃ SPREAD SPECTRUM

:

36

ﺮﺘﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﻟﺎﻨﮕﻴﺳ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ 

.

(37)

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) :

37

(38)

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) :

38

(39)

ﻱﺎﻬﻠﻜﻴﺳ : FHSS

39

(40)

ﻲﻛﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻬﭘ :

40

(41)

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Synchronous (DSSS)

41

(42)

ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ : DSSS

42