ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روش آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻔﺴﯿ

(1)

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ شور يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮑﺑ كﺎﺧ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

چﻮﮐ ﯽﯿﺤﯾ

1

ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :

12 / 12 / 1392

ﺗ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎ :

28 / 05 / 1394

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

) ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ (

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ،كﺎﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ

. ﺘﻧا ،ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ و ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ - ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ زا كﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ55 رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ ﻂـﺑاور و بﺎﺨ

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ هدﺎﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻦـﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧآ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ،سر ﺪـﺻرد و ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو يراد

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ )

،يﺮﻫﺎﻇ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ مﺮﺟ و ﻦـﺷ ،ﺖﻠﯿـﺳ

ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺗﺎﮐ ﯽﻟدﺎﺒﺗ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ (

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ هداﺪﻧ ﻪﺋارا ار يراد

ﺪﻧا . ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖـﺳا نآ يﺎﯾﻮﮔ ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﯿﺳﻮﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ كﺎﺧ رد ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ود ﻦﯾا رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ

. ﻪﺸﯾر رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ا ﯽﺑﺎـﯾ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ طﺎـﺒﺗر ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮑﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

. ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ) 98 /0 ( ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﺛا ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻖﻠﻌﺗ )

91 /0 ( د رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ ار ﺖﺷا

. ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎـﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد

ﺖﺷاد ار ﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ )

89 /0 ( ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ و )

81 /0 ( ﺖﺳا هداد ﻪﺋارا ار .

ﯽـﻣ نﺎـﻋذا ناﻮـﺗ

ﺸﻣ ،كﺎﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،كﺎﺧ نوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﺼﺨ

راﺬـﮔﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . هژاو يﺪﯿﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ :

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ،

نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ،كﺎﺧ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ 1 ﯽﮑﯾ ،كﺎﺧ ،ﯽﺘﺴﻫ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ رد

ﯽـﻣ بﺎـﺴﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺴﯾز ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ياﺰﺟا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﺪـﯾآ

. ﻢﻫاﺮـﻓ ،كﺎـﺧ

ا هﺪــﻧز تادﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻪــﯿﻠﮐ ياﺮــﺑ اﺬــﻏ هﺪــﻧروآ ﺖــﺳ

. دﻮــﺒﻬﺑ و ﺖــﻇﺎﻔﺣ

و ﻪـﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ،شزرا ﺎﺑ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﻤﮐ و ﻖﯿﻤﻋ كرد ﻪﯾﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ )

ﺖﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ

ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ( كﺎﺧ ﺖﯿﻠﻣﺎﻋ و ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ،ٌﺎﺸﻨﻣ ﯽـﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻢﺘـﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﮏـﯾ رد ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ ددﺮﮔ . ﺶﻟﺎـﭼ ﺎـﺑ كﺎﺧ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ،ﺮﯿﺧا ﻪﻫد ود رد يﺎـﻫ

رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ وﺮﺑور يﺪﺟ .

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻦﯾا و ﺪـﺷر زا ﺮﺛٌﺎـﺘﻣ ًﺎـﻣﻮﻤﻋ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺷر ﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يروﺎﻨﻓ دﺎﺠﯾا و مﻮﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ .

ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ

يرﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ و تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زوﺮﺑ و ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺖﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ

ﻊﯿﺳو و ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ و تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ مﻮـﻠﻋ زا يﺮـﺗ

ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ و يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ و حﺮﻄﻣ كﺎﺧ مﻮﻠﻋ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ

) 18 .(

ﯽـﮑﯾ

-1 ناﺮﻬﺗ ،سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يراﺪﻠﮕﻨﺟ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا

-*) لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ :

Email: [email protected] (

ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا نآ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،كﺎﺧ ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ زا ﻪـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﺘـﺷاد رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ زا يا

ﯽﻣ نآ عﻮﻨﺘﻣ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ،يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ زا -

ار رﻮﺑﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ

"

هﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ

"

ﯽﻣ ﺰﺠﺗ و ﺪﻨﻣﺎﻧ رد ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾ

ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ و ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﻦﺘﺷاد رﺎﯿﺘﺧا ﺖـﺳا ﯽـﺻﺎﺧ يرﺎـﻣآ يﺎـﻫ

. ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد

كﺎﺧ هزاﺪﻧا ﺖﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﮏﯾ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ

اﺪﯿﭘ عﻼﻃا و دﻮﺷ

ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ درﻮـﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ زا ﺎﻬﻧآ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ ﺎﯾ و يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ زا ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺳا نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﮐﺎﺧ .

ﯿﺒﻃ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا ترﺪـﻧ ﻪـﺑ ،كﺎـﺧ ﯽـﻌ

ﯽﻣ زا ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ يرﺎـﻣآ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ زا ﻪﮐ ار كﺎﺧ زا ﺖﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ود ناﻮﺗ

دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ .

شور ﯽـﻠﮐ رﻮـﻄﺑ ،هﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪـﻨﭼ يرﺎـﻣآ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا زا عﻮﻨﺘﻣ يا ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ و ﺎﻫ

هداد شزادﺮﭘ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ هداد ﻢﺠﺣ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪـﺒﺗر ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻘﺒﻃ و يﺪـﻨﺑ ﺪـﻨﺑ

ي ضﺮـﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ،دروآﺮﺑ و ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ،ﺎﻫهداد

ﻦﯿـﺑ ﯽﮕﺘـﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮑﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

.

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﯾار لوﻮﺳ يﻮﺳ زا رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺘﺴﺨﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ2

)1

1934 (

2- Path analysis

(2)

شور شﺮﺘــﺴﮔ ،ﺖــﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ دﺮﺑرﺎــﮐ ﺖــﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد و نﻮﯿــﺳﺮﮔر يﺎــﻫ

لﺪﻣ زرﺎﺑ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد يﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ـﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ

2ﯽ ﺖـﺳا

. ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻠﻋ ﻂﺑاور ﯽﻤﮐ يﺎﻫدروآﺮﺑ ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ نآ فﺪﻫ يا ﯽـﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ ﮏﯾ رد ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻂﺑاور .ﺖﺳﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻪـﺑ و ﺪـﺑﺎﯾ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد يﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ دﻮﺷ

. ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ

ﻪـﮐ ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ رادﻮـﻤﻧ ﯽـﻨﻌﯾ نآ هﺪﻤﻋ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ رد ﻠﻋ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﻣ رﺎﮑﺷآ ار ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽ

ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ،دزﺎﺳ دﻮـﺷ

.- ﯽـﻣ ﻢﺳر ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ زا داﺪﻧورد رادﻮﻤﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﻋ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ و دﻮﺷ ﺮﮕـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ يﻮﺳ زا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ

ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ًﺎﻌﻗاو ﻪﮐ ار ﻪﭽﻧآ داﺪﻧوﺮﺑ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﯽ

ﺪﻫد ) 12 .(

و ﺎـﯾاﺰﻣ ياراد ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ لﺎﺣ ﺮﻫ رد

يﺮﺗﺮﺑ شور ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﯾذ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﯽﻣ هرﺎﺷا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﺑ ددﺮﮔ

: -1 ﯽﮕﺘـﺴﺑاو ،نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ رد

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ ) ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (

ﺮـﮕﯾد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ )

ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ( ﮏـﯾ رد ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ

هﺪـﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﻂﺧ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌ

ﯽﻣ هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎـﻫﺎﺘﺑ ،ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )

(P

ﻪـﺑ ار ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا ﯽﻨﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﯽﻣ ﻞﺻو ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽـﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ رد و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

. ﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ و نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر-2 ﺮـﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ يور ﺮـﺑ هوﻼـﻋ ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﻫد

ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ )

ﺖـﻠﻋ ( ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو ﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ يور ﺮـﺑ

) لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ( ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو ﺮـﯿﻐﺘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ تاﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ ،

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ار ﺪﻫد

. 3 - ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻂﺑاور بﺬﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﻂﺑاور ﻦﯾا زا رﺪﻘﭼ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﺪﻫد

ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ زا جرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ رﺪﻘﭼ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

)4

.( ﻞـﻤﻌﻟا ﺲـﮑﻋ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻊﯾﺮـﺳ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد كﺎﺧ هﺪﻧز تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ رد كﺎﺧ تﺎﯿـﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا كﺎﺧ ﺖﯿﻔ

دراد ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ .

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻪـﮐ ﯽﺼﺧﺎﺷ ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﺳآ و ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺖـﺳا رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

) 16 .(

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ زا تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا يرﺎﯿـﺴﺑ رد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ يﺎـﻫ

ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ و ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ )

16 ، 20 و 24

.( و ﻢﯿﻘﺘــﺴﻣ تاﺮــﺛا ﮏــﯿﮑﻔﺗ و ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺰــﯿﻧ ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻖــﯿﻘﺤﺗ زا فﺪــﻫ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﻦﯾﺮـﺘﻤﻬﻣ يور ﺮـﺑ كﺎـﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿـﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎـﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ )

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ (

ﯽﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ اﺬﻟ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﯽﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نآ ﻪﺑ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯿﻟوا ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﺪ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ددﺮﮔ يﺰـﯾر

-

1- Swell Wright 2- Causal models

دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ كﺎﺧ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻨﯾآ يﺎﻫ .

شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ رد

سرﺪـﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ-

حﻼﺻ رد ﻊﻗاو ﻦﯾﺪﻟا

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﻬﺷﻮﻧ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﺑاﻮﺗ زا ﻼﮐ )

ﻞﮑـﺷ

1 .(

ﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا يﺮﺳ رد ﻪ 3

ياراد ﻪﮐ هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻊﻗاو لﺎﭼزﻮﻏآ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ

ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﻪﻨﻣاد 1700

- 100 ﯽﯾﺎـﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ لﻮﻃ و ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا ﺮﺘﻣ 39˝

47 51˚ ﺎـﺗ 20˝ 43 51˚ ﯽﯾﺎــﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ضﺮـﻋ و ﯽﻗﺮــﺷ 56˝

32 36˚ ﺎــﺗ

23˝ 29 36˚ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢﯿـﺴﻘﺗ رد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺪـﻨﺑ

ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﺑ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ءﺰﺟ ،ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻗا ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ شر

-500 300 ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ و ﺮـﺘﻣ

زا ﺶﯿﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا فﻼﺘﺧا 200

ﻢﯿـﻠﻗا رد ﺎـﻣد سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﺮﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ دﺮﺳ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ دﺮﯿﮔ

. ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎـﺳ ﯽﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ 8/

1308 ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ

دوﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ نﺎﯾداﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ 240

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ رد ﺮـﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﺳد ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

) ﯾا رﺎﻣآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺴ

.(

ﺮﺜﮐاﺪـﺣ

ﺎـﺑ هﺎـﻣﺮﯿﺗ و هﺎـﻣﺮﻬﻣ رد ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ و 4/

280 و 4/

37 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﯽﻣ خر ﺮﺘﻣ يﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ و ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ و ﺪﻫد

دادﺮﻣ و ﺮﯿﺗ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ 25

ﻦﻤﻬﺑ رد و 6/

6 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد داﺮـﮔ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رﺎﻤـﺷ ﻪـﻌﻄﻗ ،ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ه

301 رد ﻊـﻗاو

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ .

ﺖﺣﺎـﺴﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻞﺳرﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا 78

،رﺎـﺘﮑﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ شار نآ رد و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ،راﺪـﻤﻧ ،ﯽـﻠﯿﺠﻧا ،زﺮﻤﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﮏﻧارﺎﺑ و ﺖﻠﭘ ،رادﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻪﻧاد ،هدﻮﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و لﺎـﺴﻤﻫﺎﻧ داز

ﯽﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ هدﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺑﻮﮑﺷا ود ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. و ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪـﺣ

ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺘﺑ ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا 250

ﺎﺗ 800 ﻦـﯾا حﻮﻄـﺳ ﺮـﺜﮐا و هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺗ ﺐﯿﺷ ياراد ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

. لﺎﻤـﺷ ،ﻞـﺳرﺎﭘ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﻗﺮـﺷ

ﯽﮑﻫآ ردﺎﻣ ﮓﻨﺳ ياراد و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﻣﻮﻟود -

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . هدوﺪـﺤﻣ كﺎـﺧ

ﯽﺘﻠﯿﺳ ،كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و لﻮﺳ ﯽﻔﻟآ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ-

ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻟ - ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) 17 .(

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و كﺎﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ،يﺮﯿﮔ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ

هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ 20

ﻞـﺳرﺎﭘ زا يرﺎﺘﮑﻫ

هرﺎﻤﺷ 301 ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ درﻮـﻣ رﻮﮐﺬـﻣ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ رد ﻊﻗاو .

زا ﺲـﭘ

ﻞﮕﻨﺟ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ و ﯽﺷدﺮﮔ 55

كﺎـﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﻖﻤﻋ زا -15 0 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﻣ .

ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﺖـﻗد رﻮـﻈﻨ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻢﺘـﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﻪﺘـﺴﺑ ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ زا كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺮـﻈﻧ زا ﯽﺘﺧاﻮـﻨﮑﯾ و ﻦـﮕﻤﻫ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ شﻼﺗ و ﺪﺷ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫ

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

كﺎﺧ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﺲﭘ و ﺶﺨﭘ زﺎﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ رد كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ود ﮏﻟا زا و دﺮﺧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻣ

ﺪـﺷ هداد رﻮـﺒﻋ يﺮﺘ .

صﻮـﺼﺨﻣ مﺮـﺟ

(3)

ﯽﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﺮـﺑ مﺮـﮔ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ رﺪﻨﻠﯿﺳ شور ﻪﺑ كﺎﺧ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺐـﻌﮑﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ

) 13 (،

يﺮﺘﻣورﺪـﯿﻫ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ كﺎـﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

، شور ﻪـﺑ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ

ﯽﻠﮑﻟاو كﻼـﺑ

، لاﺪـﻠﺠﮐ شور ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﮐ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ )2

(،

لدﺎـﺒﺗ ﺖـﯿﻓﺮﻇ

ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺗﺎﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ ،هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ و زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ هدﺎﻣآ زا ﺲﭘ زا (تﺪﺷ) ﮏﯿﺘﯿﻨﯿﺳ ،(10) ﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻓﻢﻠﯿﻓ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺪـﻌﺑ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ

يﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻓوﺮﺘﮑﭙـﺳا شور ﻪـﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮕـﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ نﻮﯿـﺳﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧا زا )

رد مﻮـﯿﻧﻮﻣآ

جﻮﻣ لﻮﻃ 630 جﻮﻣ لﻮﻃ رد تاﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ 410

هﺎﮕﺘـﺳد ﺎـﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ

ﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻓوﺮﺘﮑﭙﺳا ) (

28 ( يﺮـﻄﺑ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ و

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ )1 ( هزاﺪﻧا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ يﺮﯿﮔ

.

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - ناﺮﯾا لﺎﻤﺷ ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ

Figure 1- Location of study area in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran

هداد يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

ﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫهداد

مﺮـﻧ رد هﺪـﺷ يروآ ﻞـﺴﮐا راﺰـﻓا

ﮏـﻧﺎﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ

ﺪﺷ هﺮﯿﺧذ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا .

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ و ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ و نﻮـﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘـﺴﺒﻤﻫ نﻮـﻣزآ زا كﺎـﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺪـﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ

. ﻪـﺑ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻂﺑاور ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ -

ﻣ و ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ ﻪﺼﺨﺸ

ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎـﻣآ شور زا كﺎـﺧ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ) ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ (

ﺪـﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا .

هدﺎـﺳ ياﺮـﺑ هار ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ

ﯽـﻣ ﯽﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر شور يﺮﯿﮔرﺎـﮑﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﺿوﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﮑﻧآ ﺮﺑ طوﺮﺸﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ راﺮـﻗﺮﺑ نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر يﺎـﻫ

) 12 .(

ﻦـﯾا رد

ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﺒﺜﺗ و نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﯾز دراﻮﻣ ،نآ .

هداد ندﻮـﺑ لﺎـﻣﺮﻧ نﻮﻣزآ يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﮐ نﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو و ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ . ﯽﻣ /005 زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا راﺪﻘﻣ ،ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

هداد ﻪﮐ ﯽـﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺒﺗ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ زا ﺎﻫ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ

. ـﻨﮕﻤﻫ نﻮـﻣزآ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو ﯽ

ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺪﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻄﺧ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻨﯿﺑ

. ﺶﻨﮐاﺮـﭘ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦـﯾا رد

ﺖﺳا ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ .

ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﻦﯿـﺑ ﯽﮕﺘـﺴﺒﻤﻫ دﻮـﺧ مﺪﻋ نﻮﻣزآ

ﻦﯿﺑرود هرﺎﻣآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﻮﺴﺗاو -

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا1

. ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻦـﯾا رد

ﺰﻧ ﺖﺳا لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ود ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾد .

هرﺎـﻣآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ تﺮـﭘ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ 1- Durbin - Watson

ﯽﺴﯿﮐ ﺲﮑﯿﺘﺳﻮﻨﮔﺎﯾد ﺪـﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا2

. ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪـﺳ هدوﺪـﺤﻣ رد ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻃﺎـﻘﻧ

ﯽﻣ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ تﺮﭘ ،ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮕﻧ راﺮﻗ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

. ﺪـﯿﯾٌﺎﺗ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ

ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿـﺑ نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو و

. نﻮـﻣزآ ،طﺎـﺒﺗرا ﻦـﯾا ﻦﯿـﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﭼ ﯽﻄﺧ نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر طﺎﺒﺗرا .

ﻪـﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ

ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا

11.5 ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧاSPSS

.

ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ هدوﺪـﺤﻣ كﺎـﺧ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ -

ﻫوﮋﭘ لوﺪـﺟ رد سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺸ 1

ﻪـﺋارا

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮـﺜﮐا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ

درﻮـﻣ ﯽـﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻢﺘـﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﺖـﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ و ﻦـﮕﻤﻫ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ يﻻﺎـﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ـﺳا كﺎـﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﻻﺎﺑ يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺖ

. (11) ﯽﺸﺒﺣ

كﺎﺧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﯾا دﺎﯾز يﺮﯾﺬﭘﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺰﯿﻧ

ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﮏﭼﻮﮐ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘـﺷاد هرﺎـﺷا ﯽﻠﮕﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

. ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ هدﺎﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

) نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪـﻌﻣ

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ (

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖـﺴﻧآ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻦـﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪـﺻرد و ﺎـﻫ

ﻞـﮐ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ و ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ،سر

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو يراد

-

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ هداﺪﻧ ﻪﺋارا ار يراد

ﺪﻧا ) لوﺪﺟ 2 .(

ﺎـﺑ

2- Casee Diagnostics

(4)

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺮﯿﺳﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ود ﻦﯾا رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر

لﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﯽﻬﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﯿﺳﻮﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ كﺎﺧ ﯽـﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

. ﻪـﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ هﻮﯿـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻠﺻا ) (PCA ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ ،نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪـﻌﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا نآ يﺎـﯾﻮﮔ

ﺎـﺑ ﯽﯾﺎـﻫرادﺮﺑ ياراد سر ﺪـﺻرد و ﻞـﮐ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ ،ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ،ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳار ﯽﻋﻮـﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﮕﻤﻫ ﺪﻫد

ﯽﻣ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

) ﻞﮑﺷ 2 .(

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ نآ زا طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯾا

ﺪـﻧراد راﺮـﻗ كﺎـﺧ رد ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻬﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ود ﺮﻫ نزوﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﻦﺑﺮﮐ . ) ﺪﺷ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﯽﻄﺧ يﺎﻫﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ رد ﻪﭽﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا لوﺪـﺟ

2 ( دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .

يﺎـﻫرادﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﻪﯾواز دﻮﺟو ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ و كﺎـﺧ يﺎـﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ درﻮـﻣ ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز يﺎـﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧآ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮـﮕﯾد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

يﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ )

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ( هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ ﺪـﯿﯾٌﺎﺗ ﺰـﯿﻧ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ زا يﺮﮕﯾد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻄﺧ هدﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

) لوﺪﺟ 2

.( ﯽﻨﻌﻣ و يﻮﻗ طﺎﺒﺗرا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ

كﺎـﺧ ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ﺎـﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ راد

) 94**

/0 = (r ﯽﻨﻌﻣ و يﻮﻗ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ و ﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ راد

ن ﯽﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا (^r = /084^**) ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دور

راﺪـﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﺰـﯿﻧ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ،ﯽﮐﺎﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا رد ﯽﻟآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﺶﺨﺑرﻮﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد )

23 ( ﻪـﮐ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد نﺎـﻋذا

ﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﺎـﺑ و ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو كﺎـﺧ ﯽﻟآ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ نژوﺮﺘ

ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ زا كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ -

دراد دﻮـﺟو ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ و كﺎـﺧ ﻞـﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ يﻮﻗ طﺎﺒﺗرا و دﻮﺷ .- ﯽـﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫكﺎﺧ رد نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ د ﯽﻟآ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﻦﺑﺮﮐ نﺪﺷ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ مﺪـﻋ و كﺎـﺧ ﺢﻄـﺳ ر

ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ود ﻦﯾا ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و نﻮﺗرﻮﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا

) 21 ( نارﺎـــﮑﻤﻫ و دوو و )

30 ( دراد ﻞـــﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎـــﻤﻫ .

و ﯽـــﻤﯿﻫاﺮﺑا

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ )9 ( ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ كﺎﺧC/N

بﺬـﺟ ،ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪـﺑ ،نﺪـﺷ ﯽـﻟآ ،كﺮـﺤﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ30 نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﯽﻣ خر نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺪﻫد

. ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿـﺑ يﺎﻫ

20

و ﯽـﻤﻧ قﺎﻔﺗا ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ دازآ و نﺪﺷ ﻦﮐﺎﺳ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ30 و ﺪـﺘﻓا

ﯽـﻣ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ لدﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺮـﮔا ﻪـﭽﻧﺎﭼ و ﺪـﻧﺎﻣ

زا ﺮـﺘﻤﮐC/N 20 ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﺖـﻓﺎﯾ ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا كﺎﺧ رد نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ يزﺎﺳدازآ .

ﻖـﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد

كﺎـﺧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ياراد زا ﺮـﺘﻤﮐC/N

20 (15/80 ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ) ﺪﻧاهدﻮﺑ

هدوﺪـﺤﻣ رد نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ اﺬﻟ ،

ﺖﺳا هدﺎﺘﻓا قﺎﻔﺗا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ )

لوﺪﺟ 2 .(

لوﺪﺟ 1 - ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

Table 1-Descriptive amounts of soil characters in study area ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ

ﺎﻫ Character

ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ Minimum

ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ Maximum

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ Mean

تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ مﺮﺟ CV

Bulk density )

gr/cm³

( ^1.09 ^1.20 ^1.11 ^1.80

ﻦﺷ )Sand

(% ^28.12 ^35.14 ^29.85 ^4.92

ﺖﻠﯿﺳ )Silt

(% ^34.18 ^40.19 ^37.57 ^3.54

سر )Clay

(% ^28.87 ^35.72 ^32.59 ^5.09

ﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﯽ Organic carbon )

(% ^2.10 ^2.70 ^2.37 ^7.59

ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ Total nitrogen )

(% 0.13 0.18 0.15 6.66

ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺗﺎﮐ ﯽﻟدﺎﺒﺗ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ )CEC

cmol₍₊₎kg^-1

( ^9.74 ^12.74 ^11.13 ^7.63

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ Nitrogen mineralization

) mg N kg^-1soil

( ⁵¹ ^51.16 ^51.06 ^0.09

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ Microbial respiration

) mg co₂-c/gr soil. day

( 0.19 0.75 0.45 44.44

لوﺪﺟ 2 - ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ و ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

كﺎﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ

Table 2-Correlation values of soil biological indices and physico-chemical characters

ﯽﻟدﺎﺒﺗ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺗﺎﮐ CEC ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ

Total nitrogen ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ

Organic carbon سر

Clay ﺖﻠﯿﺳ

Silt ﻦﺷ Sand صﻮﺼﺨﻣ مﺮﺟ

يﺮﻫﺎﻇ Bulk

density ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ /

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ -

كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ Biological

indices/soil characters

-0.12 ns 0.91**

0.84**

0.39**

- 0.20ns -

0.26ns -0.13ns

-0.00 ns 0.89**

0.94**

0.34*

- 0.21ns -

0.20ns -0.24ns

ﯽﻨﻌﻣns

،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ راد ﺢﻄﺳ رد*

5 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد و ﺖﺳا راد ﺢﻄﺳ رد**

1 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺖﺳا راد .

nsnon-significant,*

significant at 5 percent level,**

significant at 1 percent level

(5)

ﻞﮑﺷ -2 ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ شور ﻪﺑ كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ )

لوا رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ : هﮋﯾو راﺪﻘﻣ =

24 / 4 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺪﺻرد ، =

17 / 47 ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺪﺻرد ، =

17 / 47 مود رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ; :

هﮋﯾو راﺪﻘﻣ =

56 / 23 ﺪﺻرد ، ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو =

73 / 70 مﻮﺳ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ و :

هﮋﯾو راﺪﻘﻣ =

70 / 14 ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺪﺻرد ، =

44 / 85 (

Figure 2- Factor analysis of soil characters using PCA (PC1: Eigen value = 4.24, percent of variance = 47.17, cumulative percent of variance = 47.17; PC2: Eigen value 2.12, percent of variance = 23.56, cumulative percent of variance = 70.73; PC3:

Eigen value 1.32, percent of variance = 14.70, cumulative percent of variance = 85.44)

ندﺮﺑ ﯽﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟ زا ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ عاﻮﻧا هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﺮﺑرد كﺎﺧ ﻪـﺑ

نآ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ . ار ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ رد

ﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ فﺮﻌﻣ ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ رﺪـﻘﭼ ﺮـﻫ اﺮـﯾز ،ﺪﻨﻧاد

دﻮـﺑ ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ هﻮﻘﻟﺎـﺑ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ )

14 و 26

.( و ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ

تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽـﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ رد ناراﺪـﻧﺎﺟﺰﯾر ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ دراد يدﺎﯾز )3

.(

درﻮـﻣ هدوﺪـﺤﻣ رد ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ دﻮـﺟو ﺖﻠﻋ

ﻪـﺿﺮﻋ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياﺮـﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ كﺎﺧ ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟﺰﯾر هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ ،دﺮﯿﮔ

-

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ دﻮﺟو )

94**

/0 = (r و ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ناﺰـﯿﻣ ﻦﯿـﺑ

ﺖﺳا ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺒﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ .

و ﻢﻫﻮـﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا

نﻮﺳرﺪﻧا )6 ( ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ .

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺣ ﺮﻫ رد ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ﻪـﮐ ﺪﺳر

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ كﺎﺧ ﻪـﮐ يرﻮـﻄﺑ دراد ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد يا

ﻞﺋﺎﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ )

20 ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .

ﺠﻧآ زا ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎ

نﺎـﮑﻣ رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ زا ﯽﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ -

ﺖـﺳا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ دراد ار راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ )7

.(

و رﺎﮔﺎـﺳ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 27 ( ﻪـﺑ هزﺎـﺗ ﯽـﻟآ داﻮـﻣ دورو ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ هﺪﻧز هدﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،كﺎﺧ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و كﺎﺧ ﻧ كﺎﺧ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﯿ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

. نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻣدﺎﺧ )

15 ( ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮـﻨﻋ

ﺮﺑ ،كﺎﺧ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻟآ داﻮﻣ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ نآ ﻊﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ داﻮﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ور ﻦـﯾا زا و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮﺛا ﺰﯿﻧ كﺎﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ

ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ رد ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ ددﺮﮔ

. ﯽﻔﺳﻮﯾ نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و دار

) 31 ( دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽـﻣ دﺎﯾز ﯽﻟآ داﻮﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ دﻮـﺷ

ﯽـﻣ ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ياﺮﺘﺴﺑﻮﺳ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﮐ اﺮﭼ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. كﺎﺧ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ( )8 وداوﻻ و نﻮﺘﻨﭼ

ﻪـﺑ ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

داﻮـﻣ دﻮـﺒﻤﮐ ﻪﻠﯿـﺳﻮﺑ ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ كﺎﺧ ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟﺰﯾر ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﯽـﻤﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻟآ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﺑآ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ )

29 ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

. ( سر يﻮـﺘﺤﻣ) كﺎﺧ ﺮﺗﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا ﻞـﮕﻨﺟ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد

ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ ﺮﯾﺎﺧذ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ

. طﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺳا ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻄﺑ

ﯽﻣ ـﻓﺎﺑ هﺪﻨﻫد ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ياﺰﺟا ﺪﺻرد رد ﺎﻬﮐﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﺻا توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ ددﺮﮔ

ﺖ نآ

ﻦﯿـﻤﻫ توﺎـﻔﺗ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻬﮐﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ و هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳاﺰﺟا . ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا اﺮﯾز ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻫ

كﺎﺧ رد ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ- ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ رد سﻮﻣﻮﻫ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ دﻮﺷ

) 25 ( ﻪـﮐ

ﯽﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻔﻨﺗ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲ

. ﯽـﻣ ﺮﯿﺴﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ضﺮـﻓ ناﻮـﺗ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يور ﺮﺑ ﺰـﯿﻧ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد كﺎﺧ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ تاﺮﺛا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ .

ياﺮـﺑ

ﻖﯿﻗد كرد و عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺸﯾر و ﻂـﺑاور ﻦﯾا ﺮﺗ

زا ،ﺎـﻬﻧآ ﯽﺑﺎـﯾ

ﺖـﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ شور )

ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮـﺿ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ (

ﺪـﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻂﺑاور ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻄﺑ يﺎـﻫ

(6)

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ و ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

) ﻞﮑﺷ

- ﯾﺮـﺿ نﺎـﻤﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ رد^P ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ددﺮﮔﯽﻣ ﺮﮐﺬﺘﻣ^;4 و3 يﺎﻫ ﺐ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫماﺮﮔﺎﯾد ﻦﯾا .(ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ^Beta ﺎﯾ هﺪﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر يا ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا ناﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ يﺎﻫ ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ و نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪـﻌﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ار كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ دﺮﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا .

لواﺪﺟ رد تاﺮﺛا ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ 3

و 4 ﺖـﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا

. ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ

ﯽﻧﺪـﻌﻣ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ )

98 /0 ( ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻟﺎـﺣ رد ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﻖﻠﻌﺗ

يدﺎـﯾز ﻢﯿﻘﺘـﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺮـﺛا ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ )

91 /0 ( ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮـﺑ ار ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ

. ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد

اد ار ﺮﯿﺛًﺎـﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ ﻪﺘـﺷ

) 89 /0 ( ﻞـﮐ نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ و

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ )

81 /0 ( ﺖﺳا هداد ﻪﺋارا ار .

ﻪﺋارا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ

ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪـﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎـﻤﻫ هﺪﺷ ،ﻢﯿﻘﺘـﺴﻣ تاﺮـﺛا سر ﺪـﺻرد ددﺮـﮔ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يور ﺮﺑ ار ﯽﻧاﺪﻨﭼ ﯽﻠﮐ تاﺮﺛا و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ درﻮـﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا هداﺪﻧ ﻪﺋارا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .

ﯽﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ نﺎﯿﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﺎـﺑ طﺎـﺒﺗرا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد

ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ ﺎـﺑ طﺎـﺒﺗرا رد و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،كﺎﺧ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،كﺎﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽـﻣ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

-

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻞﮑﺷ 3 - ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ماﺮﮔﺎﯾد كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

Figure 3-Path analysis diagram of nitrogen mineralization with soil characters

ﻞﮑﺷ -4 ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ماﺮﮔﺎﯾد كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

Figure 4- Path analysis diagram of microbial respiration with soil characters

(7)

لوﺪﺟ -3 ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

) ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (

ﻌﻣ يور ﺮﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪ )

ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (

Table 3- Direct and indirect effects of soil characters (independent variable) on nitrogen mineralization (dependent variable) و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻊﻤﺟ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ Sum of

direct and indirect effects ﺮﯿﻏ تاﺮﺛا ﻊﻤﺟ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ Sum of indirect effects ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺛا

Direct effect ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ

Effect of independent variables on dependent variable

ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ Variables

0.80 0.91

-0.11 ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ

Organic carbon

ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ Organic carbon

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ Nitrogen

0.04 -0.03

سر 0.07 Clay

سر Clay

ﻦﺑﺮﮐ Carbon

- 0.98 نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ 0.98

Nitrogen

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﺛآ دﻮﺷ

Indirect effects are calculable using the multiply of path coefficients

لوﺪﺟ 4 - ﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺼ

ﻪ كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ) ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ يور ﺮﺑ )

ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ (

Table 4- Direct and indirect effects of soil characters (independent variable) on microbial respiration (dependent variable) ا ﻊﻤﺟ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ Sum of

direct and indirect effects ﺮﯿﻏ تاﺮﺛا ﻊﻤﺟ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ Sum of indirect effects ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺛا

Direct effect ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛٌﺎﺗ

Effect of independent variables on dependent variable

ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ Variables

0.87 0.81

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ 0.06 Nitrogen

ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﯽﻟآ Organic carbon

0.03 0.04

-0.01 سر

Clay

سر Clay

ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﯽﻟآ Organic carbon

سر Clay

- 0.89 ﻦﺑﺮﮐ 0.89

ﯽﻟآ Organic carbon

ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ Organic carbon

ﻣ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ بﺮﺿ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﺛآ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤ

دﻮﺷ Indirect effects are calculable using the multiply of path coefficients

(8)

هزاﺪﻧا ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻄﺑ و ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟﺰﯾر ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﯽـﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨـﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

هزاﺪﻧا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽـﻣ ﺖـﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ دروآﺮـﺑ رﻮـﻈ

دﺮـﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تزا هﮋﯾﻮﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ يزﺎﺳﺎﻫر )

19 .(

طﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺳا ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﯽﻣ ياﺮـﺑ يﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻮﺳ ﮏﯾ زا كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ هدﺎﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا نﺎﮑﻣا ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ

يﺎـﻫ

ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ار ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺖـﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﮏـﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎـﻘﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻣ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ بﺬﺟ ددﺮﮔ

) 22 .(

ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺳﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﺮـﻫ ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﻢﺘـﺴﯿﺳ رد يژﺮـﻧا و ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد ﯽﺸﺷﻮﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا كﺎﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ دﺮﯿﮔ

)5 .(

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻞـﻤﮑﻣ شور ﮏـﯾ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﯿ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر نﺎـﺸﻧ ﯽﻠـﺻا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﮐ داد زا ﺮﺛًﺎﺘﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ كﺎﺧ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ) نژوﺮـﺘﯿﻧ نﺪـﺷ ﯽﻧﺪـﻌﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ياﺮﺑ (

ﯽـﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮـﮐ و )

ياﺮـﺑ

ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ (

ﮋﯾو ﺮﯿﺛًﺎﺗ و هدﻮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﯽﮔ

ﺮـﺑ ﺮـﮕﯾد ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎـﺑ يﻮـﻗ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ رﻮﻄﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ و نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

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Nannipieri (Eds.). Academic Press. New York.

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4-Bakhshi B. 2009. Application of SPSS in agriculture statistical analysis: An overview on Excel and GDA software's.

Nashre Sepehr Publications. (in Persian)

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Soil Science Society American Journal, 61: 1147 - 1159.

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Publications. (in Persian)

14-Karlen D. L., Rosek M. J., Gardner J. C., Allan D. L., Alms M. J., Bezdicek D. F., Flock M., Huggins D. R., Miller B. S., and Staben M. L. 1999. Conservation research program effects on soil quality indicators. Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 54: 439 - 444.

15-Khademi H., Mohammadi J., and Nael M. 2006. Comparison some of soil quality indices in different land-uses management in Brojen region. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research, 29: 111-124. (in Persian with English abstract)

16-Kiss S., Dragan-Bularda M., and Radulescu D. 1975. Biological significance of enzymes in soil. Advanced Agronomy, 27: 25 - 91.

17-Kooch Y., Hosseini S. M., Mohammadi J., and Hojjati S. M. 2010. The effects of gap disturbance on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a mixed beech - hornbeam forest of Iran. Ecologia Balkanica, 2: 39 - 56.

18-Mohammadi J. 2006. Pedometrics (volume 1- classic statistics), Pelk Publications. (in Persian)

19-Mohammdi J., Khademi H., and Nael M. 2005. Investigation on variability of topsoil quality in selected ecosystems of Central Zagros. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences - Esfahan, 9:105-119. (in Persian with English abstract) 20-Nael M. 2001. Study on degradation of lands using of soil quality indices and theirs spatial pattern in forests and

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rangelands. M. Sc. thesis of Agriculture Sciences, Esfahan University. (in Persian with English abstract)

21-Norton B. J., Sandor J. A., and White C. S. 2003. Hill slope soils and organic matter dynamics within Native American agro ecosystem of the Colorado Plateau. Soil Science Society American Journal, 67: 225 - 234.

22-Nourbakhsh F., and Bahreini K. R. 2005. Study on relationship between biological index of N availability and some of soil features in soils of Esfahan Province. Iranian Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Gorgan, 3:

112-119. (in Persian with English abstract)

23-Nourbakhsh F., Moneral C. M., Emtiazy G., and Dinel H. 2002. Asparagines activity in some soils of central Iran.

Arid Land Resources Management, 16: 377 - 384.

24-Page A. L., Miller R. H., and Keeney D. R. 1992. Methods of soil analysis, In: II. Physical and properties. SSSA Pub. Madison.

25-Pare T., and Gregorich, E. G. 1999. Soil texture effects on mineralization of nitrogen from crop residues and the added nitrogen interaction. Plant and Soil, 30: 145 - 147.

26-Parkin T. B., Daran J. W., and Franco - Vizcaino E. 1996. Field and laboratory tests of soil respiration, In: Daran, J.

W., and Jones, A. J. (Eds). Methods for assessing soil quality, 233 -245, Soil Sci. Am. Special publication, No, 49, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

27-Sagar S., Hedley C. B., and Salt G. J. 2001. Soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in 25 year old Pinus radiata agroforestry regimes. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 39: 491 - 504.

28-Sheikh Hasani A. R., and Norbakhsh F. 2007. The effect of soil type and plant residual on nitrogen mineralization rate. Iranian Journal of Pajohesh-Sazandegi, 75: 128-133. (in Persian with English abstract)

29-Shekl Abadi M., Khademi H., Karimian Eghbal M., and Norbakhsh, F. 2007. The effect of climate and long-time management on some of soil biological features in Central Zagros. Iranian Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, 41: 103-115. (in Persian with English abstract)

30-Wood C. W., Westfall D. G., and Peterson G. A. 1990. Impacts of cropping intensity on carbon and nitrogen mineralization under no - till dry land agro ecosystems. Agronomy Journal, 82: 1115 - 1119.

31-Yusefi M., Khademi H., and Jalalian A. 2007. Reduction of soil quality during land use change of rangelands in Chesmeh-Aliestan region of Charmahal Bakhtiary Province. Iranian Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Gorgan, 14: 109-121. (in Persian with English abstract)

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Application of Statistical Method of Path Analysis to Describe Soil Biological Indices

Y. Kooch¹ Received: 03-03-2014 Accepted: 19-08-2015

Introduction: Among the collection of natural resources in the world, soil is considered as one of the most important components of the environment. Protect and improve the properties of this precious resource, requires a comprehensive and coordinated action that only through a deep understanding of quantitative (not only recognition of the quality) the origin, distribution and functionality in a natural ecosystem is possible. Many researchers believe that due to the quick reactions of soil organisms to environmental changes, soil biological survey to estimate soil quality is more important than the chemical and physical properties. For this reason, in many studies the nitrogen mineralization and microbial respiration indices are regarded. The aim of the present study were to study the direct and indirect effects of soil physicochemical characteristics on the most important biological indicators (nitrogen mineralization and microbial respiration), which has not been carefully considered up to now. This research is the first study to provide evidence to the future planning and management of soil sciences.

Materials and Methods: For this, a limitation of 20 ha area of Experimental Forest Station of Tarbiat Modares University was considered. Fifty five soil samples, from the top 15 cm of soil, were taken, from which bulk density, texture, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrogen mineralization and microbial respiration were determined at the laboratory. The data stored in Excel as a database. To determine the relationship between biological indices and soil physicochemical characteristics, correlation analysis and factor analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. To investigate all direct and indirect relationships between biological indices and different soil characteristics, path analysis (path analysis) was used.

Results and Discussion: Results showed significant positive relations between biological indices and clay, organic carbon and total nitrogen, whereas the correlations of the other soil properties (bulk density, silt, sand and CEC) were insignificant. Factor analysis using of principle component analysis showed that the behavior of these two biological indices in the same territory and controlled by the same factors. Path analysis was employed to study the relationship among soil biological indices and the other soil properties. According to results, soil nitrogen mineralization is more imposed by nitrogen (0.98) and organic carbon (0.91) properties as direct and indirect effects respectively. Whereas the values of soil microbial respiration were affected by organic carbon (0.89) and total nitrogen (0.81). It can be claimed that total nitrogen and organic carbon are the most important soil properties in relation to nitrogen mineralization and microbial respiration, respectively. Regarding to the strong relationship between soil organic carbon and nitrogen and also similarly strong relationship between nitrogen and organic carbon mineralization, enhancing nitrogen mineralization is expected by the increase in organic carbon. In this regard, Nourbakhsh, et al. (2002) claimed that nitrogen mineralization is depended to soil organic nitrogen and derived from total nitrogen. In addition, there is a strong relationship between total nitrogen and soil organic carbon. So, the greater amounts of nitrogen mineralization can be related to more accumulation of organic carbon and nitrogen in topsoil (23). This result is in accordance with Wood, et al. (1990) and Norton, et al. (2003) findings (21, 30). Ebrahimi, et al. (2005) stated that if the C/N ratio is more than 30, the process immobility or nitrogen mineralization stopwill be occurred. The ratios between 20 and 30 usually settle and release of mineral nitrogen does not take place, and the balance remains. If the C/N ratio is less than 20 net release of nitrogen in the soil will increase (9).In the present study, the values of soil C/N ratio were less than 20 (mean 15.80), so the process of nitrogen mineralization occurred in the study area. Suitable conditions for microbial activity of soil microorganism's especially adequate supply of organic carbon increased the microbial respiration in the study area. High correlation between the amount of organic carbon and microbial respiration confirmed this claim. However; it seems that the soil organic carbon is driver of microbial respiration rate. This finding is reported by different researchers (6, 7, 15, and 20).

Conclusion: Path analysis as a complementary method of regression analysis and factor analysis using

1- Assisstant Professor of Forestry, Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (*- Corresponding Author Email: [email protected])

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principal component analysis showed that the biological activity of the soil characteristics are directly affected by soil nitrogen (for nitrogen mineralization index) and organic carbon (for microbial respiration index) and other useful features influence them indirectly through strong correlation with the characteristics of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil.

Keywords: Biological Indicators, Microbial Respiration, Nitrogen Mineralization, Path Analysis, Regression, Soil