)
!"
-
$ % (
-1 2
: .
(LBW) ! "#
! $ %
&' '$
( ) '*
.
% '+ , - ' ! % . $ /$$0 1 '2 3 40 +
5 6'$ ' 7! % )
.
% 40 + /! % : -
9 4*
) ' ! : ) (7 ;! % < 4=> # % )
1383
! %
#'B % 'C 40 + % 6'$ ' 7
' .
' * ! D ) E
2500 4 'B
$ ) E /$ % -
2500 4 #'B 'I % - 4 9 J K: 'B .
L - M
6 N!"$# 4 ! 0 % 4;3 94 7 ': O!'M P*
! 'B % J .
)
% "# ' ) Q J SPSS
Chi-Square
0 R+ % S$ D5 $ 'B%
% 05 /
=0
#'B % 'C ,$=U 4!"5 % .
2558 : 940 + L % )
202 'Q ) 9 / 7 (%
. K 6 )
01 /
P=0 (
! 9
%
% % %
) 001 /
P<0 (
% % % % % 7#': 9
) 001 /
P<0 ( ' * 4=> # 24
% =;C *! )
) 04 /
P=0 ( 0 \ ; %
( %
.
\ ; % 4 46 : <' , C % % $D % 4 , - ' LBW
] J C 9
'#
= 3 % )^! % % % ;C ' ($Q$ _ % 6 ' )^! 40 6
4$> '+ ':
. :
(LBW)
` '+ , -
`
% % % % % 7#':
`
% % !
% %
, -. / 0 1 23 '0 04 )
1 14 1 ' 7 3 9 - " . 7 1386
(
<) "
: 6 / 4 / 1385
" @AB :
20 / 3 / 1386 E "F.
: 20 / 6 / 1386
7 9 N ": ) N7 9 !% *$ J ) 'B % ! ` !% *$ a b `< cD ) D! 1
6'$ N ": =- )
d% J : 6'$
-
% Qf $ -
' - % *$
) g- ( - b
/Q=
: 9 - 4443001 - 0561 ' * : 4435168 - 0561 N$ ' N (D:
f-taheri@bums.ac.ir:
= J ) 'B% ! `i=C !% *$ a b 2
-
$ N ": =- ) 7 9 N ": ) N7 9i=C 6'
9 /!' * N!
E
( .
' * ! D
2500 % 'B
- (U 9
(LBW)‡
) $
) 1 .(
LBW . $ ) L Q j= b P 6 %
5
% - 7
%
40 % 7 %
4 # ! 19
%
% % 7 %
( L Q 40 < 3 .
E= . $ 3 J
17
% ]% "B
) ( ) 2 .(
/$ ;k C \ ; %
9 - * 6 ($02 LBW
% 6 /$! : C
. /! % )
. $
l m
9% !% *$ * J 94!no -
(;C '
% #
p_ ! L N7 ! % $ - 9 % %
) '
E !
% 6 LBW
) 1 (
` ' ! , -
) S
% 9
!% % 9/
4; % 9S! " 4=> # / " !% *$ 9% q $ *!
9% $ 1' 9%
% 7#':
/$! : C 9%
(Q6 /$ 6 4 \ ' Lm ' ! =C q 9%
K "$
! "# % LBW LBW .
) $ ^ %
: $Q ' ' )
391 .(
40 < 3 % % 7 % LBW
9 . $
% !m
`
) ;*! % < k - 4 9
/ 19
%
S$; 9
2 / 16
%
< r 9
5 / 21
% 1
/ 39
% ( ) ]% "B )
4 - 7 .(
- * 6 p! ' ; -
C 9
LBW . $
!
`
! % 4 % M 4
78 / 6
%
%
79 - 1978
4 $
9 / 4
%
% 97
- 1996
! ( 4 # )
8 .(
'$ 4 % 9
LBW . $
40 % 7 %
4 # !
! "# 4 % ( )
. N!' J % 1
/ 7
%
< % 1991 4
6 / 7
%
< % 2000 4 %
1990
%
8 / 5
% 4
6
% 97 / 4
< % 1988 4 48 / 5
< % 1995 ) $ %
( ) 1 9 9 .(
‡Low Birth Weight
E ! "# (=-
% 7 %
40 4 # ! 9 E ! "# (=- 4 s *- ' t d%
( ) .
= 3 9 ! =C q ! "# ' ! , -
E/ % m 35 % % $ 1' ! "# <
"$
( ) ' t )
1 9 9 .(
. $ /: u % 4 LBW
1950
1970 4 % )
4 1970
! "# 4 %
( 4 nB
` % % $ 1' ! "#
9% %
- % % ,;C /$! :
% % /$3 i '$B
! "# , - - 4 % $ (=- 4
% LBW
( ) ' t /: u % '$
) 10 .(
! "# LBW
! "!% *$
'$ &' ) '*
( . 75
%
4 \ ' B < 4 Q % &'
. &' < * 3 ) % LBW
B <
40
< < % ' ' 5
$ ' '
0$;M )
391 .(
40 + '2 3 1
/$$0
'
, - '+
%
E
5 6'$ ' 7! % )
! 'B .
% 40 + /!
-
< % 1383
% 4 ) 7!
5 6'$ '
.
%' % ($0*6 9
, 4*
E
M % ) ) ' ! : ) (7 ;! %
.
E '
' * ! D )
2500 4 'B
E /$ % -
$ )
2500 'B
4 #'B 'I % - 4 9 J K:
.
O$_U /! %
- M 3 4 4 7 ':
9L $ U "$ 9 *! 4; % 9/ , % % %
% !% *$ 9 % % % ;C '
)':
9 Dr
9 Dr
% 7#':
9 % % $ 1' 9( ! 9
L - M *! . % % % % ! 9p_ 4_
' % 9 C 9 9K 6 , 4 \ ' .
) ': 4 406 ' 9% 4;3 ] % 4 4 7 ':
N!"$# 4 ! 0 % % *$
! 'B ,$*N .
S ": ! " ' (;C ' (U 4 %
%
4 9 406 ' (;C ' ( 6 ( ,C 3 % % M
(;C ' -
(;C ' - 4 % '! )
9) 7 %
4 #'B 'I .
% I
% % % 7#':
940 + /! % % %
%
a$b7 % % % % % /$ 4 (
% 7#':
( ) ) .
N '
(C * J
±10 'B )
'$B .
) P*6
% J ) ) Q '
% "#
% J
J SPSS Chi-Square
$ 'B% <
R+ % S$ D5 0
% 05 /
=0
% ,$=U 4!"5
#'B % 'C .
! 0 40 + L % 2558
E )
) 9
202 )
9 / 7 (%
2500 ' * ! 'B .
/!
% ) 'B - 4 202
$
2500 'B
4D! _ ) 'B - 4 .
E/ /$ $ 'B % %
)
% 6 /
±5 09 / 26 ) 'B % <
8 /
±5 93 / 25
<
0 L Q 4
% ( ) 78 /
P=0 .(
) 'B /$ 9K 6 'I 9
0 L Q
6 %
( )
% ) 'B 7
/ 56
% ) 'B ' 3
/ 45
% '
(.
) 01 /
P=0 .(
% ! 4_ 6 'I
%
"$ % % % /$
'B 0 L Q )
%
( 6
`
% %
) 'B
% % 4 / 60
%
% ) 'B %
6 / 40
%
% % ! 4_
% %
% % )
001 /
P<0 .(
4_
% % 7#':
E "$ % % %
0 \ ; %
( %
`
% 4 U 4
%
% % ) 'B 3
/ 19
%
%
% ) 'B
2
%
% 4_
% % % 7#':
% %
% )
001 /
P<0 .(
"$ =;C *! *! 4=> # 'I 0 L Q
%
% % /$
) 'B
% 4 U 4 `( 6
% % % ) 'B 7
/ 38
%
% ) 'B %
9 / 25
%
9 % ' * 4=> # 24
=;C *! )
) 04 /
P=0 .(
\ ; %
. 40 + % '$o '! LBW
E/ 9 *!
1' 9p_ 4_ 9% L $ U "$ 9%
b % $
*! 4; % % % % ;C ' 9%
0
; % .
% J' ( 6 S$ D5 $ 'B% "$ J '$o K
) Q )
< 6 1 (
`
* ) 7 < 6 % 4 % M
9 ' * *! 4=> # 9 v c K 6 24
)
4_ 9 =;C *!
% % 7#':
% ! % % %
5! % '+ , - % % %
D .
"
' E . $ %' /! g! d
%
6'$ ' 7!
9 / 7
% .
% 4 7 40 +
1376 1382
. $ 6'$ ' %
4 LBW
i$ ' 8 / 6
% 10
% ]% "B ( )
) 12911 .(
< % ' % 0 6 40 + g! O;M 1368
. $
6 LBW
/ 5
%
% "B ] ) 13 .(
% L 0 + 4 7
% ' !
76 - 1375
' %
9
LBW . $ 4 / 4
% 2 / 6
%
]% "B
! 'B ) 15914 .(
% 7 % ' ! L 0 + )
<
1380 (
C 9
)
<
1379 ( Q> 9 )
<
78 - 1377 (
"! 9 )
<
1378 (
*3 '! 4! =$N 9
)
<
1378 ( i$ ' 4
. $ 78 / 13
% 9 8 / 11
% 9 10
% 9 97 / 7
% 4
% ]% "B )
( ) 16 - 20 .(
L 0 + '! 4 (;D '2 3 40 + g!
% 7 , % 4 7 3 %
+ .
!" # $ ! "
# $ %&'
! %95( )* + / 012
+ ! ! $ + ! ! $ &3 4 "5 01*
/
0 -
5 / 2 - 1 / 1
1 68 / 1
5 / 54
5 / 45
110 92
6 / 41
4 / 58
84 118
'D:
'
K 6 42
/ 0
- 82 / 0
2 / 11 - 37 / 0
- 39 / 2 - 5 / 0
03 / 2
1 1 / 1
1 6 / 92
4 / 6
2 187
13 2
1 / 91
9 / 6
4 184
14
<18 35 - 18
>35
*! % /
)
<
(
04*
/
0 -
2 / 3 - 02 / 1
1 81 / 1
1 / 74
9 / 25
83 29
3 / 61
7 / 38
68 43
>24
$24
=;C *! 4=> # )
) ( 001*
/
<0 -
3 / 3 - 5 / 1
1 2 / 2
4 / 59
6 / 40
120 82
6 / 39
4 / 60
80 122
% .
% .
% % % % % ! 4_
001*
/
<0 -
8 / 33 - 2 / 4
1 8 / 11
98 2
198 4
7 / 80
3 / 19
163 39
% .
% .
4_
% % 7#':
% % %
21 /
0 -
2 / 2 - 30 / 0
1 25 / 0
98 2
198 4
5 / 99
5 / 0
201 1
% .
% .
% $ 1' 4_
39 /
0 -
37 / 1 - 45 / 0
1 78 / 0
2 / 84
8 / 15
170 32
1 / 87
9 / 12
176 26
% .
% .
p_ 4_
R+ % *
05 /
=0 0 ( % .
'2 3 40 + % 'D: $ ' % LBW
`
w% , % ) 5 4 7 L 0 + ' 4 # ! /!
% b* 9% 7
) 15 9 19 9 21 .(
0 \ ; %
LBW %
% 7#':
%
%
' P6' O;+ '2 3 40 + % % %
( 4 7 L 0 +
) 1 9 15916 9 21 .(
40 + g! O;M
)':
Dr 9
LBW K
% 8 / 3 ! "# ' '
) 22 .(
% 7#':
%
!'6 % , O!'M
Q (Q6 (!
d% K
"$
IUGR*
! "# % .
40 + /! %
% ! 4_ LBW
%
% % %
0 \ ; %
% ( . - O!'M % % % % !
4!no l 5! % % % % % i '$B
% ! "# v-
LBW'+
.
. $ '2 3 40 + %
E % LBW
)
*Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
' * 4=> # 24
4 ( ! "# % =;C *! )
O;+
P6' '
4 7 L 0 +
) 2191 .(
% % 4!no l ! "# 4=> # *!
- * 6 , - ' -
4 $ C
) '* LBW
. /! %
LBW 40 + 0 \ ; % % /
%
(
` ! "# 4 3 % ' * % % LBW
19
D S! <
( x 4 y )
.
% / M ; %
40 + % LBW
'2 3 $ 4 ,$ /! 4
90
% E ) 'B % ^: /! % 40 + % %
18 - 35 <
.
. $ 40 + /! % 4=*6 ' ! '$o LBW
L $ U "$ 9 % % % % % $ 1' 9%
\ ; % % % % (;C ' 4; % 9p_ 4_
0
%
4 (
U ,$ 4 )
40 6 P!
% ^:
` 'B % s *- 4 % M 4
% 'C '+
.
"$ 9 4; % "$ C % 7 40 + %
% ,o L $ U
0 \ ; % LBW
( %
E/
' * 18 ! "# % <
LBW'+
) '*
) 17 (.
# $
% . *5 % ' \ ; % '2 3 40 + g! 4 46
5! % % , - , C % % $D % 4 LBW
<' '$ 7$:
_ % C 9
R+
# BJ
(! -% 9 6 ' )^! 40 6 '
4=> #
= 3 /$ % nB z 6 9($0*6 <'
_ % 9'+ ': /$ % = 3
% % (;C ' ($Q$
= 3 )^! 9 " ' 4 PC * . 6% '+ ':
3 d% *! z 6 a b S ":
N E ' 9 J 0 {% - LBW
4 .
& !
( 0 ) 3
L _$_U ] J
=- ) 7
CJ % N* 9 6'$ N ":
j!' 2' f
4!"5 % )
% N* % J ,$=U N ": J
P*6 % ! * | '
L - M % J
% C 'N7 9
.
' ( :
1- Behrman RE, Kligman RM, Jenson HB. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17thed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2004.
2- Valero De BJ, Soriano T, Albaladejo R, Juarranz M, Calle ME, Martinez D, et al. Risk factors for low birth weight: a review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004; 116 (1): 3-15.
3- Kligman RM. Intrauterine growth retardation. In: Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ. Neonatal, Perinatal Medicine. Disease of Fetus and Infant. 7th ed. Vol 1. St.Louis: Mosby; 2002: 1228-1262.
4- Feresu SA, Harlow SD, Weleh K, Gillespie BW. Incidence of and socio-demographic risk factors stillbirth, preterm birth and low birth weight among Zimbabwean women. Pediatr Peinat Epidemiol. 2004; 18 (2): 154-63.
5- Osman NB, Challis K, Cotiro M, Nordahi G, Bergstorm S. Maternal and fetal characteristics in an obstetric cohort Mozambique. Afr J Reprod Health. 2000; 4 (1): 110-19.
6- Mondal B. Risk factors for low birth weight in Nepali infant. Indian J Pediatr. 2000; 67 (7): 477-82.
7- Chhabra P, Sharma AK, Grover VL, Aggarwal OP. Prevalance of low birth weight and its determinations in an urban resettlement area of Delhi. Asia Pae J Public Health. 2004; 16 (2): 95-98.
8- Lu TH, Sung FC, Li CY. Demographic characteristics and trend in the prevalence of low birth weight in singelton pregnancies in Taiwan, 1978-1997. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003; 102 (5): 313-18.
9- Isaac N, Luginaah, Kyong-Soon Lee, Abernathy TJ, Debbie S, Webster G. Trends and variations in perinatal mortality and low birth weight: the contribution of socio-economic factors, Canadian J Public Health. 1999; 90 (6):
377-81.
10- Ohmi H, Hirooka K, Hata A, Mochizuki Y. Recent trend of increase in proportion of low birth weight infants in Japan. Int J Epidemiol. 2001; 30 (6): 1269-71.
11 -
$*3 ) .
, - %'
2% % *$ % /$! : ' 'xc
) . (
< 4 9 6'$
1376 ] .
! : 4 )%
*- N ":
.[
6'$ N ": =- ) 7 .
1377 .
12 - ' ; .
K $D %'
Q ' 6'$ ' ) 7! 4 % LBW 1382
].
! : 4 )%
N ":
[ *- . 6'$ N ": =- ) 7 .
1383 .
&
13 - } % b # 9
1 B J
.
% P! %'
. N ": ) N7 4=5 N ": =- ) 7
' . 1368
` /* )% *
Q : 27 - 31 .
14 -
~ % 'B
9 } % b # 9 . ;M ..
' 'xc , - . $ %'
' ' %
. 6 =- ) N7 ^: 9 ! : 4 = #
7 . 1380
` )%
1 ) )% * 1 :(
13 - 18 .
15 -
• C
9
] DU
. % '+ , - \ ; % %' (LBW)
.
"!'; N ": =- ) 7 N ": 4=5 .
1379 )% ` 34
)
% * ) 48 :(
41 - 44 .
16 -
) *U
. E ) 0 D , - .
'! ! ! 9 4=5
. 1382
` )%
5 ) 10 11 :(
64 - 71 .
17 -
€ $*!' .
*U .
~ C 6 .
< 9 C 7! % J p; ' , - /$! : ) . $ %'
1379 . 4 = #
•$# 7 ^: *=- .
"$! : 1382
` )% * 27 : 76 - 80 .
18 - ] %J 9
< -
$ . 4# 2 4D! _
Q> % ' % % % % % %
. Q> N ": ) N7 4=5 .
1379
` )%
18 ) 57 :(
1 - 4 .
19 - { 9 . $ M # .
. $
"! % .
"! C > $ N ": =- ) 7 4=5 .
1381
` )%
10 ) )% * 2 :(
3 - 8 .
20 - J ; 7B 9 1 D=5 9
. '# *$3%
.
< % *3 '! 4! =$N %
1378 . w ! N ": ) N7 4=5 .
1380 `
) 5 (:
51 - 55 .
21- Khan N, Jamal M. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight. Department of pediatrics, Children Hospital an MCH Center, Islamabad. J Coll Physician Surgpak. 2003; 13 (1): 25-28.
22- Xiao R, Sorensen TK, Williams MA, Luthy DA. Influence of pre-eclampsia on fetal growth. J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003; 13 (3): 157-59.
'
Title: Risk Factorsfor Low Birth Weight in Birjand, Iran (a case-control study) Authors: F. Taheri1, T. Kazemi2
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem. LBW is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and some risk factors in LBW infants delivered in Birjand maternity hospitals.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study all LBW babies (202) delivered during 6 months, between 20-4-2004 and 21-10-2004 in Birjand maternity hospitals were investigated. Every neonate whose weight was equal to or less than 2500 gm was taken as a case and the first neonate following the former whose weight was more than 2500 gm was taken as a control. Data gathering was done through questionnaires, interviewing the mothers, and physical examination. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square and Logistic regression tests at the significant level = 0.05.
Results: Out of 2558 neonates, 202 (7.9%), were LBW. It was found that LBW was associated with sex (P=0.01), emesis gravidarum (P<0.001), mother’s hypertension during pregnancy (P<0.001), and delivery interval less than 24 months (P= 0.04).
Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between LBW and some risk factors, which are mostly preventable, taking measures such as education of the public- especially young females-and promoting the quality of maternal care during pregnancy; particularly in high risk pregnancies, are recommended.
Key Words: Low Birth Weight (LBW); Risk factor; Pregnancy, hypertension; Emesis, gravidarum
1Corresponding author: Pediatrician; Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran f-taheri@bums.ac.ir
2Cardiologist; Assistant Professor, Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
