1
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﺖﻗد ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد اﺮﮔ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
يا ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ رد8
GIS
ﻢﺴﯿﻟ لﺪﻣ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ
(نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا ،يﺎﭼرﻮﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ :يدرﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ)
يﺮﻈﻧ يﺪﻬﻣ ،1
ﯽﻗﻮﭼ ﯽﮑﻤﮐ ماﺮﯾﺎﺑ ،2
ﺦﯿﺷ يدﺮﺑﺪﺣاو
3
.1 نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
.2 رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺑﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﯿﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ
.3 يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﯿﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻖﯿﻗد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ زوﺮﺑ و
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يا
شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ يﺎﻫ
هداد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يا ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و يﺪﻨﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يا
ﯽﻣ -
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ زا تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يا ﻪﺋارا ،ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻗر
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا زوﺮﺑ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ، ﻒﯿﻃ
يﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺛ ياﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ
و
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻋ هﺪﺷ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يا
ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا
رد ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ
ﮏﯾ ﻢﺴﯿﻟ لﺪﻣ لﺪﻣ
ﯽﻣ كﺎﺧ ﺶﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺮﺜﮐا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ نآ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺎﭼرﻮﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ اﺮﮔ
يور ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ8
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد 2017 ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ
. ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد اﺮﮔ ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻌﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺪ
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ زا تﺎﻘﺒﻃ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ داﺪﻋا ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و
ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ داﺪﻋا
تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﻣﻮﻗر ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ﻻﺎﺑ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ رد زوﺮﺑ ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑQGIS
GOOGLE EARTH .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نآ يور نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭙﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ
نآ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ
/ 20 ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺻرد91 ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
، ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﻗد ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رد اﺮﮔ
ﻢﺴﯿﻟ لﺪﻣ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و .دﻮﺑ
:يﺪﯿﻠﮐ تﺎﻐﻟ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
،يا ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ،اﺮﮔ
يﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،
، QGIS
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺷ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﯽﮑ طﺮ
يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ياﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا
،ﻦﯿﻣز جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻋﻼﻃا تﺎ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﺿارا و ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ زا تﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
نآ ﺎﻫ رد ﯽﺿارا ،ﯽﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و ﺖﺒﺴﻧ زا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ .ﺖﺳا نﺎﻣز لﻮﻃ ﺷ
يﺮﻬ و ﻪﺑ تازاﻮﻣ نآ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ نآ ﺎﻫ رد
لﻮﻃ
،نﺎﻣز ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺰﯾر و ﺖﺤﺗ طﺎﻘﻧ و ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻦﯿﻣز زا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ يراﺬﮔ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺸﻓ
رﺎ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
ﻮﺗ ﺳ ﻪﻌ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ يا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ دراد . ﻦﺘﺴﻧاد يﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻣز ،ﯽﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ زا ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ ﺪﺻرد ﺑ و
ﻪ هوﻼﻋ
عﻼﻃا زا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ آ ن ﺎﻫ رد لﻮﻃ
،نﺎﻣز ياﺮﺑ فاﺪﻫا يﺰﯾر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يروﺮﺿ
ﺳا ﺖ ) ﯽﻀﯿﻓ هداز و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ اﺮﺑ .(
ي
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ندروآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يا
شور ﺎﻬﻧآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و و تﻮﻗ طﺎﻘﻧ ياراد ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧراد ار دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ﻒﻌﺿ شور ﻦﯾا رد .
شور ﺎﻫ ﯽﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ مﺎﺴﺟا ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ اﺮﮔ
شور ﻪﺑ )ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ BLASCHKE, 2010
( .
2
ﯽﻀﯿﻓ )نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هداز شور ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ (1394
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑALOS
ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا شور ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﺷ شور و يزﺎﻓ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ار ﻪﻏاﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ اﺮﮔ
شور ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﯿﺘﻧ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ يزﺎﻓ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا /28
ﺻرد93 ﯽﺷ شور و ﺪ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ اﺮﮔ
/06 ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻗ درﻮﻣ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد 88 ﻦﯾا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ
.دراد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﯽﻀﯿﻓ هداز ) (1386 يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ رد ار اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ و ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ شور ﻪﯿﻣورا ﻪﭼﺎﯾرد ﯽﻗﺮﺷ ﻪﮕﻠﺟ ﯽﺿارا
ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد
ﺴﮑﯿﭘ ﻞ - ﻪﯾﺎﭘ زا ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا يﺎﻫ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ زا ﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦ و حﻮﻄﺴﻟا يزاﻮﺘﻣ
ار اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و هدﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺴﻤﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﯾﺎ مﺎﺠﻧا هداد و ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ماﺪﻗا
ﻤﻧ هدﻮ و ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﯽﻣ دﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﮐ رد ﻦﯿﺑ شور يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ
،ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﻢ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺎﺑ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يﺎﭘﺎﮐ و86
ﺖﻗد ﯽﻠﮐ /67 ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺪﺻرد87 ﻪ
ﺎﺑ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا يﺎﻫ يزاﻮﺘﻣ حﻮﻄﺴﻟا و ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد زا ،ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ زا
،ﺖ ﺎﻣا
دﻮﺧ ﻦﯾا ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺰﯿﻧ رد رد ﻪﯾﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ياﺮﮔءﯽ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
زا ﺖﻗد يﺮﺘﻤﮐ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا
اﺮﭼ ﻪﮐ اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ شور رد ﻪﯾﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﭘﺎﮐ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ لدﺎﻌﻣ
و93 لدﺎﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻗد ﺪﺻرد94
ﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺒ هﺪﺷ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﮐ دﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا سﺎﺳا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا رد ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا زا
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯽﺿارا
ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد زا ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ .
ﻦﭼ ﻤﻫ و نارﺎﮑ ) ( 2009 ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ا ي اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ و ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ شور ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ SPOT
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا رد ﻋﻼﻃا
تﺎ زا ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يا ماﺪﻗا ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ رد
شزادﺮﭘ ﺷ ياﺮﮔءﯽ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يا زا ﻣﻮﻗر لﺪﻣ ﯽ
ﺎﻔﺗرا ع تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻞﻣﺎ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻗد ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ اﺮﮔءﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ و ﺲﭘ زا
مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺎﺑ ود شور رد يزﺎﻓ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ و ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ شور
ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ 42
/ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺪﺻرد 96 ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ شور رد لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
/79 رد ،ﺪﺻرد77 ﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد زا ،يا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ﺖ .
ﯽﻀﯿﻓ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هداز )
( 1387 ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ
شور وSPOT
ﯽﺷ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ اﺮﮔ ﺳا ﺎﺑ
جاﺮﺨﺘ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺖﻗد ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
،ﺎﭘﺎﮐ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ
،ﺎﻄﺧ ﭘ ﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يراﺪﯾﺎ يﺪ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرادرﻮﻣ ﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ
ﺖ نآ ﺖﻗد ﻪﮐ . /20
ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ94 .دراد ﺖﻟﻻد يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻖﺑاﻮﺳ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺳ يﺎﻫ هداد
ﺶﺠﻨ زا رود ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻌﯾﺮﺳ زا ﯽﮑﯾ راﺰﺑا
ﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
ﯽﺿارا هدﻮﺑ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ زا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ عاﻮﻧا .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ
ﻦﻤﺿ رد ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
يﺎﻫ
يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﺿارا زا ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﻣﻮﻗر ﯽ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يا شور شزادﺮﭘ ياﺮﮔءﯽﺷ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ
زا ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ و ﺖﻗد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا
. ﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا
،سﺎﺳا
رد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﺮﯾز
ﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا دوﺮﻧﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا
، ﻦﯾﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳد
ﯽﺑﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻗد ﻻﺎﺑ زا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ياﺮﮔءﯽﺷ شزادﺮﭘ
:ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور و داﻮﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ
3
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﮑﯾرﻮﻄﺑ ،ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ دوﺮﻧﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ زا ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ هزﻮﺣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ لﻮﻃ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ
24 02 ﺎﺗ 55 47 16 ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻔﺟ ضﺮﻋ و ﯽﻗﺮﺷ55 26
48
ﺎﺗ36 05 03 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ37 دوﺪﺣ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ .
25380 ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا و هدﻮﺑ رﺎﺘﮑﻫ
دوﺪﺣ زا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ 2850
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ بﻮﻨﺟرد ﻊﻗاو ﺮﺘﻣ 150
ﺣ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ)ﻪﺿﻮﺣ لﺎﻤﺷ رد ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا ﺮﺘﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ (ﻪﺿﻮ
)ﻞﮑﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ .(1
ﻞﮑﺷ - - 1 ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ زا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ يا
لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 8 مﺮﻧ رد هﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ و 2017
راﺰﻓا
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑQGIS GOOGLE EARTH
مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يور تﺎﺤﯿﺤﺼﺗ
ﻢﻫ و يا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ يرادﺮﺑ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ مﺮﻧ زا اﺮﮔ
راﺰﻓا ARCGIS 10.4.1 .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد اﺮﮔ ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ شور ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ 8 ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﻢﺴﯿﻟ لﺪﻣ ،ﺖﺳا ﻢﺴﯿﻟ لﺪﻣ رد كﺎﺧ ﺶﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳ
يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ دراد زﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ24
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ زا ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺖﻗد ﻦﺘﻓر ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ اﺬﻟ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ يزﺎﺳ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد ﯽﺿارا يﺮ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ
يﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ زا ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻂﻔﻓ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد اﺮﮔ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا راﺰﺑا زا ﺖﺳا مزﻻ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
و فﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
.ددﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺖﻗد
4
راﺰﺑا MASK
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ يا
نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻞﮐ ياﺮﺑ8 هزﻮﺣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
ددﺮﮔ اﺪﺟ نﺎﺘﺳا زا يﺎﭼرﻮﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ندﺮﮐ اﺪﺟ ياﺮﺑ ،
راﺰﺑا زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺳاMASK
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ زﺮﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘ
ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﻣﻮﻗر ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
راﺰﺑا WATERSHED ﻼﻃا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋ
) ﻞﮑﺷ رد ،ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ زﺮﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هﻮﺤﻧ (2
ﻞﮑﺷ - ﻪﺿﻮﺣ زﺮﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هﻮﺤﻧ2
راﺰﺑا ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ
ﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎ
ﺪﻧ ﺼﺗ بذﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﺎ
ﺮﯾو ﯽﺳﺎﮑﻌﻧا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ ي راﺰﺑا زا8
راﺰﺑا .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاPCA ﯽﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑPCA
يﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ و هﺪﺷ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻢﻫﺎﺑ بذﺎﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يورﺮﺑ
.
راﺰﺑا (ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ)يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ زا ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﮏﯾ ﻞﺧاد رد ﻪﯾﺎﺴﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
) ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و يدﺪﻋ شزرا ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ(
رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧآ Blaschke and Lang, 2006, 6)
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هداز ﯽﻀﯿﻓ 1387
. ( يﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺎﻫءﯽﺷ ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
-
ﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ،يزﺎﺳ يﺪ
ﻪﺼﯿﺼﺧ و تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ زا يدﺎﯾز ﻢﺠﺣ ياراد ﺎﻬﻧآ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ يﺎﻫ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ
رد نﺎﺷﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﻣز يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا رﺪﻗ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
رد ًﺎﻤﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ،دﺮﯿﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ﺷاﺬﮔ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ اﺮﮔ ءﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺖ
) Baatz & Scha pe, 2000, 15, Chaudhuri & Sarkar , 1995, 75Hofmann et al., 1998, 810
.(
ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد -
يﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺎﻫءﯽﺷ ،يزﺎﺳ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﺪﺣ
و ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ
سﻼﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺴﻔﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ و ﯽﻔﯿﻃ ﺎﻫ ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ زا ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﯿﺳﻮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ
ﻨﮐ ﺪ ﯽﻣ ﻮﺷ .د
راﺰﺑا و ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
يﺪﻨﺑ )نﺎﺒﯿﺘﺸﭘ رادﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺷﺎﻣ (svm
5
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﮐ هﺪﺷ ترﺎﻈﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ اﺮﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ دﻮﺷ ﺷزﻮﻣآ
ﯽ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ هداد ار يﺪﻨﺑ
ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا سﺎﺳا ﺎﻫ
راﺰﺑا زا شزﻮﻣآ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺖﺳا يدورو ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا دﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاSVM
يدورو هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ يا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نآ ﺮﮕﯾد يدورو و هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﻣﻮﻗر ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻌﺗ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻌﺗ
ﺪﻧﺎﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ MULTISPECTRAL
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ا
ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ ي ﻪﺑ و 8
راﺰﺑا ﻪﻠﯿﺳو IMAGE
CLASSIFICATION مﺮﻧ رد
راﺰﻓا ARCMAP 10.4.1 يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
يﺎﭼرﻮﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ )لوﺪﺟ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺎﻫ ( 1
.ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ مﺎﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﻌﺗ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ
ﻞﮕﻨﺟ 14000
ﻊﺗﺮﻣ 3000
ﺖﻋارز 2000
ﯽﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ 1500
لوﺪﺟ - - 1 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻌﺗ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺮﻌﻣ يﺎﭼرﻮﻗ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ
راﺰﺑا CLASSIFY RASTER
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﯾﻻ ندﺮﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ سﻼﮐ ياﺮﺑ راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا اﺮﮔ
ﯽﻣ يدورو ود ياراد ﺰﯿﻧ راﺰﺑا ﻦﯾا .دﻮﺷ -
ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﻨﻤﮕﺳ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﮑﯾ راﺰﺑا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺮﮕﯾد و هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ
) ﻞﮑﺷ .ﺖﺳاSVM ﯽﺷ لﺪﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ (3
رد اﺮﮔ
) ﻞﮑﺷ وGIS يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ (4
ﯽﺿارا ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار اﺮﮔ
.ﺪﻫد
ﯽﺷ رد اﺮﮔ
GIS لﺪﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ- 3- ﻞﮑﺷ
6
ﻞﮑﺷ - - 4 يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﺿارا
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ اﺮﮔ
ﯽﻠﺻا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
مﺮﻧ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ زا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺪﯾدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ راﺰﻓا
ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يور ﺮﺑQGIS GOOGLE EARTH
ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ
يﻻﺎﺑ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺮﺼﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ د ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻗ ﺸﻘﻧ
ﻪ لﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻗد ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
قﻮﻓ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ و دﻮﺑ ندﻮﺑ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا يﻻﺎﺑ هدﺎﻌﻟا
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﺖﻗد ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد اﺮﮔ
) ﻞﮑﺷ .دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ يﺪﻨﺑ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ (5
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ارQGIS .ﺪﻫد
7
ﻞﮑﺷ - - 5 رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ QGIS
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ زا اﺮﮔ
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا8
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺖﻗد رد اﺮﮔ
مﺮﻧ رد ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﮏﯾ اﺪﺘﺑاGIS راﺰﻓا
QGIS و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﺿارا زا ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﺷ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد اﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ رد يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗGIS
يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ود ﺮﻫ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ
، ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﻗد ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺻرد 91
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد اﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ
.ﺪﻫد
) لوﺪﺟ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ (2
يﺎﻫ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﺿارا ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ود زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﺎﻨﺒﻣ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ اﺮﮔ
نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار .ﺪﻫد
عﻮﻧ
يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ
ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ رد
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ
-
اﺮﮔ نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﻞﮕﻨﺟ 15317
13784
/91 0
ﻊﺗﺮﻣ 4936
8546
ﺖﻋارز 4795
2567
ﯽﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ 332
483
ﻊﻤﺟ 25380
25380
لوﺪﺟ - - 2 ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ود زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺿارا
هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
اﺮﮔ
تادﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ نﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو لﻮﺒﻗ درﻮﻣ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ نﺎﻣز فﺮﺻ ﻞﯿﻟﺪﺑ اﺮﮔ
ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ دﻮﺷ
ﻢﻫ و دور ﻻﺎﺑ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ
ﻪﮐ ددﺮﮔ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ زا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺪﯾدزﺎﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺖﻗد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ
.دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ
ﺬﺧﺎﻣ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
-1 ﯽﻀﯿﻓ )ﻦﯿﺴﺣ ،يﺪﺑﺎﻋ ،شرآ ،ﯽﻤﯾﺮﮐﺪﻧز ،ﯽﺒﺘﺠﻣ ،ﺮﻈﻧﺮﯿﭘ ،رﺎﯿﺘﺨﺑ ،هداز ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا .(1394
يزﺎﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺖﻗد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺷ شور ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،اﺮﮔ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ . 94
-2 ﯽﻀﯿﻓ )ﻦﯿﺴﺣ ،ﯽﻟﻼﻫ ،رﺎﯿﺘﺨﺑ ،هداز شور ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ .(1388
ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ رد راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ و ﻪﯾﺎﭘ
يﺪﻨﺑ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﯽﺑﺮﻏ نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ يﺎﻫ
ص ،71 -84 . 73
8
-3 ﺿر ﯽﯾﺎ مﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺿر ،ﻦﯿﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ، ﯽﻀﯿﻓ ،ﺪﯿﺠﻣ ،ﻪﺸﻔﻨﺑ
ﻢﻈﻧ ،رﺎﯿﺘﺨﺑ ،هداز )ﻦﯿﺴﺣ ،ﺮﻓ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ .(1387 يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﺷ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﺿارا هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ و اﺮﮔ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،يا هرﺎﻤﺷ ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
. 87
-4 رﺎﯿﺘﺨﺑ ،هداز ﯽﻀﯿﻓ )
(1386 ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ . ﻪ يﺎﻬﺷور ﻞﺴﮑﯿﭘ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ و اﺮﮔءﯽﺷ رد ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺸﻘﻧ ﻪ يﺎﻫ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
،ﯽﺿارا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾﺎﭘ
ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ
،ﺪﺷرا ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺰﯾﺮﺒﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧادGIS
ﻪﺤﻔﺻ -103 . 97
-5 ﺴﺣ ،يﺰﯾﺰﻋ ،رﺎﯿﺘﺨﺑ ،هداز ﯽﻀﯿﻓ ﻦﯿ
و هداﺰﯿﻟو ﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﻠﺧ ،ناﺮﻣ )
.(1386 جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺿارا يﺎﻫ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
نﺎﺘ نﺎﮑﻠﻣ
ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يا
،ﺖﺳﺪﻨﻟ ود هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣآ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ م.
6 ﺳ ،هﺎﻨﭘ يﻮﻠﻋ - ﺪﯿ
ﻢﻇﺎﮐ ) (1382 تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ،ﻦﯿﻣز مﻮﻠﻋ رد رود زا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ. ﻪﺤﻔﺻ) ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
.(45
7- Chen, M, Su.W, Li.L,Chao.Z,Yue.A and Li.H., 2009 of Pixel-based and Object-oriented Knowledge- based Classification Methods Using SPOT5 Imagery, WSEAS TRANSACTIONS onINFORMATION SCIENCE and APPLICATIONS, ISSN: 1790- 0832, pages 477-489.
8- Gao,Y, Mas.J.F and Navarrete.A, 2009, The improvement of an object-oriented classification using multi-temporal MODIS EVI satellite data, International Journal of Digital Earth, Volume 2, Issue 3 September 2009 , pages 219 – 2369.
9- Zhaocong, W, Lina, Y. and Maoyun, Q., 2009, Granular Approach to Object-Oriented Remote Sensing Image Classification, RSKT 2009, LNCS 5589, 2009. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009, PP. 563–
570.
10- Blaschke.T , 2009, Object based image analysis for remote sensing, ISPRS Journal of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/isprsjprs.pp.10-21.
11- Huang, .L and Ni.L. 2008, Object-Oriented Classification of High Resolution Satellite Image for Better Accuracy, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China, June 25-27, 2008, pp. 211-218.
13- Blaschke.T, Lang.S,2006, briding remote sensing and GIS-what are the main supportive pillsrs.
International Conference on Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA 2006), university of Salzburg, Austria,pp.20.
14- Eckert, S and M.Kneubuhler. 2005. Application of Hypeion Switzerland, remote sensing laboratories (RSL) University of Zurich interthurestrasse. Page 3-17.
15- Walter, V., 2004. Object-based classification of remote sensing data for change detection. Page 4-19.
16- Yan, GAO, 2003, Pixel Based and Object Oriented Image for Coal Fire Research, http://www.ITC.com (accessed in July 2008). pp. 3-99.
17- Chavez, P.S., 1988, An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheri scattering correction of multi-spectral data, Remote Sensing of Environment,Vol.24,no.3,1988.pages 459-479.
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Assessing the accuracy of the object-based technique in land use mapping classification using Landsat 8 satellite imagery in GIS for use in the Lisem model
(Case Study: Ghorchay Watershed, Golestan Province)
Mehdi Nazari 1, Chooghi Bairam Komaki 2, Vahedberdi Sheikh3
1. MSc student Watershed Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2. Faculty Member, Department of Desertification, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Assistant Professor
3. Member of faculty member of Watershed Engineering Department of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Associate Professor
Abstract:
Due to the need for accurate information and incidence in natural resources, the use of satellite images is very common. One of the methods of information extraction and the use of satellite data classification and the use of different techniques for classification satellite images. The characteristics of satellite imagery, such as digitization, presentation of information, the use of different spectra for image recording and objective information, have led satellite imagery to be regarded as an invaluable source of information in natural resources. LISEM model of a physical model of soil erosion Most of the maps are based on the land use map. In this research, the land use map of Ghorchay watershed was prepared using Landsat8 satellite images using the object- based technique in 2017 in the Geographic Information System (GIS). Then, using the object- based technique in the geographic information system, the image was classified. After classifying the image and calculating the required numbers, the image classes provided with the numbers of the user-land-based digital map layers were carefully compared with the accuracy of the QGIS software based on the aerial view of the GOOGLE EARTH. Then Pearson correlation test was performed on it, which correlation coefficient was 91.20%, which indicates the acceptable
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accuracy of the object-oriented technique in determining the land use classes and the proper capability of this image for use in the LISEM model.
Key words: Satellite images, Object- based Technique, Geographic Information System, Pearson Correlation, QGIS
