169
Behavioral Beliefs about Cesarean Section According to the Theory of Planned Behavior in Pregnant Women
Parvin Rahnama1, Khadijeh Mohammadi2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2 Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
(Received January 26, 2014 ; Accepted March 20, 2014)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cesarean delivery on maternal request is so common in Tehran,
Iran. Behavioral beliefs have an important role in the intention of selective cesarean and could influence the choices for educational training. The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral beliefs about cesarean section based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in pregnant women.
Materials and methods: A qualitative study with purposive sampling was designed in which data was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed.
Content analysis was performed in which exploratory interviews were performed according to the principles of TPB. Afterwards, the information was coded and each interview was analyzed.
Results: A total of 36 women (mean age 27.8 ± 4.5) was interviewed. Two main themes were
extracted from the interviews: positive and negative beliefs about cesarean section. Then four sub themes were explored including long term and short term complications, and long term and short term advantages of cesarean section.
Conclusion: In this study women had both true and false beliefs about caesarean section. Thus, health care providers should be aware of misunderstandings about caesarean section among pregnant women.
Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, cesarean section, qualitative study
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(122): 169-178 (Persian).
ﻣ ـ ﺠ ـــ ﻠ ــــ ﻧادﻪـ ـ ـﺸ ـ ﻋهﺎﮕــ ــ ــ ﻠ ـــ ﭘمﻮـ ـــ ﺷﺰ ـــ ﻣﻲــــﻜ ــ ﻧزﺎ ـــ ــ نارﺪ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ 122
ﺪﻨﻔﺳا لﺎﺳ 1393 ) 178 - 169 (
رﺎﺘﻓر يرﻮﺌﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳراﺰﺳ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ هﺪﺷ يﺰﻳر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ :
ﺎﻤﻨﻫرﻦﻳوﺮﭘ 1
يﺪﻤﺤﻣﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ 2
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫو ﻊﻳﺎﺷزاﻲﻜﻳناﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷردﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣﻢﺘﺧرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳمﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑردﺎﻣيﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ: مﺎـﺠﻧاﻞﻳﻻدﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳاﻦﻳراﺰﺳ اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .
عﻮـﻧبﺎـﺨﺘﻧاردﻲـﻤﻬﻣﺶـﻘﻧﺪـﻧاﻮﺗﻲـﻣﻲﺑﺎـﺨﺘﻧاﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﺎـﺑطﺎـﺒﺗراردنﺎﻧزيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻦﻳ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادناردﺎﻣياﺮﺑﻲﺷزﻮﻣآتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ اﺬﻟ .
ﻢﺘـﺧﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧﻪـﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎـﻧزيرﺎـﺘﻓريﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﺮـﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣفﺪﻫ
ﻣهﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳشورﻪﺑﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ ﻲ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳارد: ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻖـﻴﻤﻋﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃزاتﺎﻋﻼﻃاوﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧافﺪﻫﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣشورﻪﺑيﺮﻴﮔ
ﻊﻤﺟ آ ﺪﺷيرو ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻲﻜﻳرﻮﺌﺗبﻮﭼرﺎﭼ. دﻮﺑهﺪﺷيﺰﻳر
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣﻪﻴﻠﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳارد. ﻪـﺑﻪﻤﻠﻛوﻂﺒﺿﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻲﺴﻳﻮﻧﻪﺨﺴﻧﻪﻤﻠﻛ ﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺖﻬﺟ .
ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳااﻮﺘﺤﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻦﻳاﻞﻴﻠﺤ .
دﻮـﺑﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻦـﻳاﻪﺑنآاﺮﺟاشور
هﺪـﺷيﺰـﻳرﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎـﺘﻓريرﻮـﺌﺗهﺪـﻧروآﺪـﻳﺪﭘﻂـﺳﻮﺗهﺪـﺷﻪـﺋارالﻮـﺻاسﺎـﺳاﺮـﺑﺶﻫوﮋـﭘدرﻮـﻣهوﺮـﮔداﺮـﻓاﺎـﺑﻪـﻛ
(Theory of Planned Behavior )
ﺪﻣآﻞﻤﻋﻪﺑﻲﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛاﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻊـﻤﺟزاﺲﭘ .
اﺬـﮔﺪـﻛ،تﺎـﻋﻼﻃايروآ وﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗوير
،تﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣﺮﻫياﺮﺑ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ هﺪﺷﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣداﺮﻓاداﺪﻌﺗ: ﻦﺳﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺎﺑﺮﻔﻧ36
5 /
±4 8 / ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ27 . ﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧﻲﻠـﺻانﻮﻤـﻀﻣودﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳارد
رﺎـﻬﭼودﻮـﺑﺖـﺒﺜﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ،ﻲﻔﻨﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻞﻣﺎﺷﻪﻛﺪﻳدﺮﮔجاﺮﺨﺘﺳاﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟترﻮﺻﻪﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳ نﻮﻤـﻀﻣ
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧﻪـﻛﺪـﻧدﻮﺑيدراﻮﻣﻪﻠﻤﺟزاتﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑوتﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛتاﺮﻀﻣ،تﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃيﺎﻳاﺰﻣ،تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛيﺎﻳاﺰﻣﻞﻣﺎﺷﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗارﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﻞﺻﺎﺣيرﺎﺘﻓر داد
.
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﺪﻧرادﻦﻳراﺰﺳشورﻪﺑﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣﻢﺘﺧنﻮﻣاﺮﻴﭘﻲﻄﻠﻏوﺢﻴﺤﺻيﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎﻧز:
ﺰﻛاﺮﻣردﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ .
هﺮﭘ هروﺎﺸﻣولﺎﺗﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑهﺎﮔآﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎﻧزﻂﻠﻏيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺪﻳﺎﺑ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫهژاو ﻲﻔﻴﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ،ﻦﻳراﺰﺳ،هﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗ :
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
رديﺎﻫرﻮـﺸﻛصﻮـﺼﺧﻪـﺑﺎـﻴﻧدردﻦﻳراﺰـﺳعﻮﻴﺷ
نآﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻲﻠﺻاﻞﻣاﻮﻋوﺖﺳاﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﻪﺑورﺪﺷرلﺎﺣ
ًﻼﻣﺎــﻛ ﻣ ﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺸﻧﺺﺨــﺸ ﻪــﻫدﻞــﻳاوارد.
عﻮﻴــﺷ80
ﻤﻳاز ــ ﺳنﺎ ـ ﻳراﺰ ـ ﻧزرد،ﻦ ــ ﺨﻧنﺎ ـ ﺖﺴ از 8 / ﻧزردو26 ـ نﺎ
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ:
ناﺮﻬﺗ - ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،هدازﻢﻴﺣرﻪﭼﻮﻛ،ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﻊﻃﺎﻘﺗ،ﺮﺼﻋﻲﻟونﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ:
E-mail: [email protected]
،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا1 ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣهوﺮﮔ
،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد، ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،
،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ2 هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣهوﺮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
، ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،
ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
5 / 4 / 1393 تﺎﺣﻼﺻاﺖﻬﺟعﺎﺟراﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
6 / 5 / 393 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
20 / 12 / 1393
رﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫر ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود
مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ،
،122 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1393 171
ﭘ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋ
ازﺪﻨﭼ 5 / ﺪﺷدروآﺮﺑ،ﺪﺻرد25 نﺎـﻤﻳازﺪﺻرد87
ﺎـﻫ رد
نﺎﺘــﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ وﻲــﺘﻟودﺮــﻴﻏيﺎــﻫ
ﺎــﺗ15 نﺎــﻤﻳاز39 ردوﺎــﻫ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ دﻮـﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳشورﻪﺑﻲﺘﻟوديﺎﻫ
دﻮـﺑ.
) 1
.(
ﻖـﺒﻃ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ترازو شزﻮﻣآوﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
رد لﺎـﺳ
،1384 6 / نﺎﻤﻳازﺪﺻرد40 ﺎﻫ
رﻮﺸﻛرد ﺑﻪ
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳراﺰﺳ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
) 2
.(
ناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳاﻪﻛ ﺎﺗ3
درﻮﻣناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑاﺮﺑ4
ﻲﻣﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑنﺎﻣزﺎﺳلﻮﺒﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
مﺎـﺠﻧاﻞﻳﻻدزاﻲﻜﻳ.
ﮓـﻨﻫﺮﻓﺎـﺑيﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛردﻦﻳراﺰﺳ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ،توﺎـﻔﺘﻣيﺎـﻫ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳمﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑناردﺎﻣ نﻮﻴﺳﺎﻜﻳﺪﻧادﻮﺟونوﺪﺑ)
يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺒﻃ ﺖﺳا ( . ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋزاﻲـﻜﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻢﻬﻣﻦﻳا ردﻲﻠـﺻا
ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷحﺮـﻄﻣﻦﻳراﺰـﺳناﺰﻴﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
)
،3 4
.(
ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا
ﺖـﺳاﻞﻜـﺸﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳياﺮﺑناردﺎﻣﺖﺳاﻮﺧردعﻮﻴﺷ
) 5
.(
ـﺑناردﺎـﻣﺖـﺳاﻮﺧﻪـﻛﺖـﺳانآﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃ ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﻦﻳراﺰـﺳعﻮﻴـﺷناﺰـﻴﻣﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺮـﺑيراد
ﻲﻣ دراﺬﮔ
) 6 (
ناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑردﺎﻣﺖـﺳاﻮﺧردﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑو.
ﻮﻘﺣزاﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻣﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردردﺎﻣﻲﺳﺎﺳاق
ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣدﻮﺷ
ﺖـﺳاﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاهﺎﮔﺪﻳدﻦﻳازا
) 7
ردﺎـﻣﺖـﺳاﻮﺧرد(
ﺎـﻳﻲﺒﻃنﻮﻴﺳﺎﻜﻳﺪﻧاﻪﻛﻲﻌﻗاﻮﻣردﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻦﻳراﺰﺳياﺮﺑ نﻮﻴـﺳﺎﻜﻳﺪﻧاﺖـﺴﻴﻟﻪﺑدراﺪﻧدﻮﺟوﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻦﻳراﺰـﺳيﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدوﺰﻓا
)
،8 9 (
ناﺮﻬﺗردهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ.
ﻟدﻪﻛﺖﺳانآﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻞﻴ
72 ﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﺪـﺻرد ﻲﺑﺎـﺨﺘﻧاﺎـﻫ
نآﻦﻴﺑزاوﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
22 ردﺎـﻣﺖﺳاﻮﺧردﻖﺒﻃﺪﺻرد
ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻ
) 10 (
.
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ دﻮﺟو دراد ﻪﻛ زا ﺶﻘﻧ روﺎﺑ ردﺎﻣ رد
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺰﻴﻧﺎـﻜﻣ يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ رد ﻲـﻃ نﺎـﻤﻳاز
ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺪ
)
،11 12
.(
بﺎـﺨﺘﻧاﻪﻛﻪﺘﻜﻧﻦﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ﺎﻤﻳازشور مﺎـﺠﻧاردﺮﺛﻮـﻣﻞـﻣاﻮﻋزاﻲﻜﻳردﺎﻣﻂﺳﻮﺗن
ﻲــﻣنﺎــﻤﻳاز ﻲــﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎــﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓﺮﻴﺛﺎــﺗﺖــﺤﺗوﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
زا
ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟاوﻲﺘﻴـﺼﺨﺷ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺸﻧاوريﺎـﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓﻪﻠﻤﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ راﺮـﻗﻪـﺟﻮﺗدرﻮـﻣﺪـﻳﺎﺑﺮﻛﺬـﻟاقﻮـﻓﻞﻣاﻮﻋ،اﺬﻟ
دﺮﻴﮔ ﺶﻴﺑهﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗ . ارهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻦﻳﺮﺗ
،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟايﺎﻫدﺮﻜﻳوررد ﻲﻣوﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷادﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
بﺎـﺨﺘﻧارﺎـﺘﻓرﻦـﻄﺑردﻪـﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗوﻲﺳرﺮﺑرد دﺮــﻴﮔراﺮــﻗهدﺎﻔﺘــﺳادرﻮــﻣ،دراددﻮــﺟونﺎــﻤﻳازشور .
رﺎــﺘﻓريرﻮــﺌﺗ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻢــﻬﻣزاﻲــﻜﻳ،هﺪــﺷيﺰــﻳر ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ
يرﻮــﺌﺗ ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑيﺎــﻫرﺎﺘﻓردﺎــﻌﺑاردهﺪــﺷحﺮــﻄﻣيﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻣ يرﻮـﺌﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑيدﺎـﻳزتﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗوﺪﺷﺎﺑ رﺎـﺘﻓر
شزﻮـﻣآﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﺗﺎﻋﻮـﺿﻮﻣﺎﺑﻪﻄﺑارردهﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎــﺳيﺎــﻫرﺎﺘﻓر
، ﻲﻧﺎﻤــﺴﺟﺖــﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
، رﺎﮕﻴــﺳكﺮــﺗ
،
زﺪـﻳاﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻳﺎـﻫيرﺎـﻤﻴﺑزايﺮﻴﮕـﺸﻴﭘونﻮﻴﺳﺎﻨﻴﺴﻛاو
،
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ
، ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاهداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗوﻞﺳ
) 13
.(
ﻲـﻜﻳ
ﻲﻳﻮﮕــﺸﻴﭘﻞــﻣاﻮﻋزا تادﺎــﻘﺘﻋا،يرﺎــﺘﻓرﺪــﺼﻗهﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
ﻓروﺎﺑﻲﻨﻌﻳيرﺎﺘﻓر ورﺎـﺘﻓرﻚـﻳمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧدرﻮﻣرددﺮ
ﻲﭘﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا رﺎﺘﻓرﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧياﺮﺑدﺮﻓﻪﻛﻲﺷزراﻲﻨﻌﻳﺎﻫﺪﻣآ
ﻲﻣﻞﺋﺎﻗﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ دﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳا . زايرﺎـﺘﻓرتادﺎـﻘﺘﻋاﻲﻀﻌﺑ
ﻲـﻣﻪﻤـﺸﭼﺮﺳﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣبرﺎـﺠﺗ ﻖــﻳﺮﻃزاﻲـﺧﺮﺑ،ﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔ
يﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗدﻮـﺧترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺮﮕﻳدﻲﺧﺮﺑوتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﺐﺴﻛ ﺑدﺮﻓرد ﻪ ﻲﻣدﻮﺟو ﺪﻳآ
نﺎﻤﻫ . ﻛﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺮﻓاروﺎﺑﺪﺷﺮﻛذﻪ
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﺎـﺑودرادناردﺎـﻣيﺮـﻴﮔﻢﻴﻤـﺼﺗردﻲـﻤﻬﻣﺶﻘﻧ ﻪــﻨﻴﻣزيﺎــﻫروﺎﺑ ﻖــﻘﺤﻣ،ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮــﻣهوﺮــﮔداﺮــﻓايا
ﻲﻣ
هﺪـﻨﻫدﺦـﺳﺎﭘﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷلﻮـﺻاﺎـﺑﻪﻄﺑارردﺪﻧاﻮﺗ زاﺎـﻫ
ﺑﻲﻓﺎﻛﺶﻨﻴﺑﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪ
دروآﺖﺳد
) 14
.(
رﻮـﻈﻨﻣﻪـﺑ
ﺗوﺮﺛﻮـﻣتﻼﺧاﺪـﻣدﺎـﺠﻳاورﺎﺘﻓروﺪﺼﻗﻲﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐ
وﺪﺼﻗ ﻪـﻛﺖـﺳايروﺮـﺿﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﻚﻳداﺮﻓارداررﺎﺘﻓر
ددﺮـﮔجاﺮﺨﺘـﺳافﺪﻫﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟزاﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑيﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
) 15
.(
هدادنﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣﻪﻛﺪﻧا
ﻮﻣآيﺎﻫ ز ﻲـﺷ
ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ رﻮﺤﻣيرﻮﺌﺗيﺎﻫدﺮﻜﻳور ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
يﺎـﻫﻮﮕﻟازاﻪﻛ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔﻪـﺸﻳر ﺪـﻧا
ﺎـﻫﻮﮕﻟاﻦـﻳا نﺎـﺣاﺮﻃياﺮـﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اﺮﭼ ﻪﺒﻨﺟﻪﻛ ارﻲﺻﻮﺼﺨﺑيﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ
ﻮﻣآتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ز
دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘﻲﺷ ﻲﻣ
ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ. بﺎـﺨﺘﻧاﻦـﻳا
ردمﺎـﮔﻦﻴـﻟوا،ﺖـﺷاﺪﻬﺑشزﻮـﻣآيﻮﮕﻟاﻚﻳ ﺪـﻨﻳآﺮﻓ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻮﻣآﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻚﻳيﺰﻳر ز
ﺖـﺳاﻲـﺷ نآزا.
ﻲﻳﺎـﺟ ﻪـﻛ
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗ
رﻮﺤﻣروﺎـﺑيرﻮـﺌﺗﻚـﻳهﺪـﺷيﺰـﻳر
ﻲﻣ دﺎﻫروﺎﺑكرداﺬﻟﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗوﺶﻫوﮋﭘدرﻮﻣهوﺮﮔر
ﻲﻣرﻮﻛﺬﻣداﺮﻓاﺪﺼﻗﺮﺑﺎﻫنآﺮﺛا ردﻲـﻤﻬﻣﺶـﻘﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘـﺷادرﻮـﺤﻣيرﻮـﺌﺗﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻦﻳوﺪﺗ .
ﺮـﺑ
يرﻮﺌﺗﻦﻳاسﺎﺳا
، ﻲﻠﺻايرﺎﺘﻓرﺪﺼﻗ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﻦﻳﺮﺗ
هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣرﺎﺘﻓر زاﻲـﻜﻳﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﺖـﺤﺗدﻮـﺧيرﺎﺘﻓرﺪﺼﻗوﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ويرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻲﻨﻌﻳﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زاﻞـﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣنآ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
) 16
.(
مﺎـﺠﻧافﺪـﻫﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزاﺶـﺨﺑﻦـﻳارد
ﻲـﻣرﻮﻛﺬﻣﻞﺣاﺮﻣلواﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺶـﺨﺑﻦـﻳاردﻪـﻛﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
بﻮﭼرﺎــﭼسﺎــﺳاﺮــﺑﻦﻳراﺰــﺳﺎــﺑطﺎــﺒﺗراردنﺎــﻧزروﺎــﺑ ﻲﻣجاﺮﺨﺘﺳاهﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ دﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻣﺶﺨﺑﻦﻳارد ارﻦﻳراﺰـﺳمﺎـﺠﻧاﻪـﻛﻲﻳﺎـﻫروﺎﺑناﻮـﺗ
ﻲﻣﻲﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ دﻮﻤﻧجاﺮﺨﺘﺳاﺪﻨﻛ
. رﻮـﺤﻣيرﻮﺌﺗتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺮـﺜﻛاوهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻦﻳراﺰﺳﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗراردﻲﻛﺪﻧا
ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔترﻮـﺻرﻮـﺸﻛزاجرﺎـﺧردﻪـﻨﻴﻣزﻦﻳاردﻲﻤﻛ
ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑاﺬﻟﺖﺳا ردرادرﺎـﺑنﺎـﻧزيﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺪﺳر
ﻦـﻳاردﺪـﻨﻣفﺪـﻫتﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣمﺎـﺠﻧاوﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗرا درادتروﺮﺿﻪﻴﻨﻣز .
و داﻮﻣ شور
ﺎﻫ
يﺎــﻫروﺎﺑجاﺮﺨﺘــﺳارﻮــﻈﻨﻣﻪــﺑﻲــﻔﻴﻛﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦــﻳا ﺖــﻓﺮﮔمﺎــﺠﻧاﻦﻳراﺰــﺳﺖﺒــﺴﻧﻪــﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎــﻧزيرﺎــﺘﻓر زا .
نآ يﺰـﻳرﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎـﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﺟ سﺎـﺳاﺮـﺑنآمﺎـﺠﻧاﻞـﺣاﺮﻣاﺬـﻟﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷمﺎﺠﻧاهﺪﺷ
ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔاﺮـﺟاوﻲـﺣاﺮﻃﻪـﻳﺮﻈﻧهﺪﻧروآﺪﻳﺪﭘدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
) 17
.(
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيﺮﻴﮔ ﻪـﺑﻪـﻛﻲﻧﺎـﻧزﻦﻴـﺑزاودﻮﺑفﺪﻫﺮ
5
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑردﻊﻗاولﺎﺗﺎﻧهﺮﭘهﺎﮕﻧﺎﻣرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣردﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪـﺷمﺎﺠﻧا،ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ
. ﻪـﺑدورويﺎـﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ
ﻦﻴﺑﻦﺳ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺗ18
35 ﺮـﻄﺧﻢـﻛﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،لﺎﺳ )
مﺪـﻋ
ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣﻦﻣﺰـﻣيرﺎﻤﻴﺑدﻮﺟو يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ
يﺎـﻫ رﺎـﺸﻓﺮﭘ،ﻲـﺒﻠﻗ
،ﻲﻧﻮــﺧ يرﺎــﻤﻴﺑ يﺎــﻫ
،يﻮــﻳر ــﻤﻧآ ﻲ ﺮــﻘﻓ
،ﻦــﻫآ
،ﺖــﺑﺎﻳد
،ﻲﻤﻧآ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﺠﻣ يراردا
،ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ- يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ
طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ
،ﺪـﻴﺋوﺮﻴﺗ عﺮـﺻ
،( ﺺﺧﺎـﺷﻦﺘـﺷاد هدﻮـﺗ
ﻲﻧﺪـﺑ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
، مﺪﻋ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا يوراد ﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎـﺣﻦـﺳوصﺎـﺧ
زاﺶﻴﺑ دﻮﺑﻪﺘﻔﻫ32
. يﺰـﻳرﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣﻲﻓﺎـﺸﺘﻛاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣمﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧداﺪﻌﺗهﺪﺷ 25
ﻲـﻣﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗوﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣمﺎـﺠﻧاياﺮـﺑﺮﻔﻧ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
) 15
.(
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هدادعﺎﺒﺷاﺎﺗيﺮﻴﮔ هدادﻪـﺑﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘـﺳدمﺪﻋوﺎﻫ
يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﻪﻣاداﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻢﻧﺎـﺧﺎﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣياﺮﺟازاﺶﻴﭘ .
ردﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻳﺎــﺿرنﺎــﻧآزاوﺪــﺷﺖﺒﺤــﺻﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣفﺪــﻫدرﻮــﻣ ﺪـﺷﺐـﺴﻛﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآوﻲﻫﺎﻔﺷ
. ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ داﺮـﻓا ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺒﻠﻃواد ودﻮﺑﻪﻧﺎ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻧﺎﻣز ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗﻪﻜ
ﻲﻣ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧﻮﺷجرﺎﺧﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣزاﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ
مﺎﺠﻧازاﻞﺒﻗ.
ﺖﻛﺮــﺷعﻼــﻃاﻪــﺑﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزافﺪــﻫﻪﺒﺣﺎــﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪﺷهﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﺗو
ﺄ ﺪـﻴﻛ ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲـﻌﻗاوتﺎـﻋﻼﻃاﻪـﺋاراﻪـﻛ
نﺪﻴـﺸﺨﺑرﺎﺒﺘﻋاﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘمﺎـﺠﻧاﻪـﺑ
ﺪـﺷﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ .
ﻦﻴــﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎــﺼﻣنﺎــﻣزتﺪــﻣ ﺎــﺗ35
دﻮــﺑﻪــﻘﻴﻗد45 مﺎــﺠﻧا .
ردﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ زارادرﺎـﺑناردﺎـﻣشزﻮﻣآرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﻪﻛﻲﻗﺎﺗا
ﻲﻣهدﺎﻔﺘﺳانآ ﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻﺪﺷ
. ﻲﻄﻳاﺮـﺷردﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣ
ﺖﻛﺮـﺷﻪـﻛﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻ وﻲﻤـﺴﺟﺮـﻈﻧزانﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷادﻲﮔدﺎﻣآﻲﺣور .
زاﻲـﻜﻳﻂـﺳﻮﺗﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣمﺎـﺠﻧا
ﺖــﻓﺮﮔترﻮــﺻحﺮــﻃنارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻪــﺑ .
ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣهدادنﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا ﺪﺷ
نآتﺎـﻋﻼﻃاﻪﻛ ًﻼﻣﺎـﻛﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ
نآتﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣوﺖـﻳﻮﻫ،دﻮـﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﺰـﻴﻧﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺷﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧشراﺰﮔ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣﻪﻴﻠﻛ.
ﺲﭙـﺳوﺪـﺷﻂﺒﺿﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻪﺨﺴﻧﻪﻤﻠﻛﻪﺑﻪﻤﻠﻛ
) 18
.(
زﺎـﺑترﻮـﺻﻪﺑتﻻاﻮﺳ
ﺪﺷهﺪﻴﺳﺮﭘداﺮﻓازا داﺮﻓاﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏشﺮﮕﻧﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗرارد.
داﺮﻓايرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻲﺗرﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑو وﺎـﻳاﺰﻣﻞﻣﺎﺷتﻻاﻮﺳ
ﻲﻣﺖﺳاﻮﺧردداﺮﻓازاﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫدﻮﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳتاﺮﻀﻣ
،ﺪﺷ
نﺎﻨﭼ ،ﺪـﻧرادﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﺎـﺑطﺎـﺒﺗرارديﺮـﮕﻳدﺐـﻠﻄﻣﻪـﭼ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧحﺮﻄﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻦﻳاﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺖﻬﺟ .
ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳااﻮﺘﺤﻣ هدادﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ .
ولواﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣنﺎﻤﻫزاﺎﻫ
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣمﺎﺠﻧاتازاﻮﻣﻪﺑ ﺪﺷعوﺮﺷﺎﻫ
ﻠﺤﺗ ) نﺎـﻣﺰﻤﻫﻞـﻴ (
ﺖﺷاددﺎﻳﻪﻛترﻮﺻﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺎـﺗﺪـﺷﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرﺎـﺑﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼﺎﻫ
ﻂـﺧﻪﺑﻂﺧﻦﺘﻣﺲﭙﺳوﺪﻳآﺖﺳدﻪﺑﻦﺘﻣزاﻲﻠﻛﻲﻛرد ﻲﻣهﺪﻧاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ
. ﺪـﺷﻲـﻣمﺎﺠﻧالواﺢﻄﺳيراﺬﮔﺪﻛاﺪﺘﺑا
هﺪـﺷحﺮﻄﻣتﻻاﻮﺳﺦﺳﺎﭘﻪﻛﻲﺗﻼﻤﺟﻪﻛترﻮﺻﻦﻳاﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﺺﺨﺸﻣﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣرد ﺪﺷ
. ﻲﻠـﺻاﻢﻴﻫﺎـﻔﻣﻪـﺑﺲﭙﺳ
ﻼﻤﺟﻦﻳارد ﻲﻣهدادنﻮﻤﻀﻣﻚﻳت
ﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺎﺑﺪﺷ
ﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣﺮﻳزوﻲﻠﺻاﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣزاﻲﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑﺎﻫ
ﺪـﻣآﺖﺳد ﺎـﺑﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣيﺎـﻨﻌﻣﺎـﺑﻲﻠـﺻاﻦﻴﻣﺎـﻀﻣﺲﭙـﺳو
ﻪﺘﺳدﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﻲﻣيﺪﻨﺑ
ﻲـﻣﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗتﺎـﻘﺒﻃوﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺪـﺷ
.
وﺪـﺷمﺎـﺠﻧاﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣﻂـﺳﻮﺗتﺎـﻘﺒﻃﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗويﺪﻨﺑﺪﻛ ﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣﻂـﺳﻮﺗهﺪـﺷﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺪـﻜﻳﺎـﺑ
رﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫر ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود
مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ،
،122 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1393 173
ﭘ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋ
ﺪﺷﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .
ﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣﻦﻴـﺑﺚﺤﺑزاﺪﻌﺑفﻼﺘﺧادراﻮﻣرد
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﻲﻳﺎـﻬﻧﻦﻴﻣﺎـﻀﻣعﺎـﻤﺟاﻪﺑنﺪﻴﺳرﻲﺟرﺎﺧﺮﻇﺎﻧو ﺪﺷ . ﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧﻪﺑﻲﺸﺨﺑرﺎﺒﺘﻋاياﺮﺑﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫرﺎﻛهار هد
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣرﺮﻜﻣنﺪﻴﻨﺷﻞﻣﺎﺷﺪﺷ
،ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻲﻧﻻﻮـﻃيﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑنارﺎﻜﻤﻫتاﺮﻈﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاو ﻪﺑ .
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺑرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲـﺸﺨ
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ نﺪﻧاﻮﺧ رﺮﻜﻣ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ و هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا تاﺮـﻈﻧ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ رد ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ5 لوا ﻪﻛ ﻲـﻃ ود زور مﺎـﺠﻧا هﺪـﺷ
دﻮﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ردﻪﻛﻲﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫزاﻲﻜﻳزاﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗرا ياﺮـﺑﺖـﺷادﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣيﺰـﻳر
ﺪـﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﺶﻳاﺰﻓا .
زاﻲـﺸﺨﺑﻪـﻛﻲـﻨﻌﻣﻦـﻳاﻪـﺑ
هداد ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻣﻪﺑوﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧﺶﻫوﮋﭘﺎﺑﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗراﻪﻛﻲﻘﻘﺤﻣﻪﺑﺎﻫ ﺰﻴﻧواﺎﻳآدﻮﺷﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﺗﺪﺷهداددﻮﺑﻲﺟرﺎﺧﺮﻇﺎﻧﻚﻳ
هدادزاﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣكرد درادﺎﻫ
. هدﺎـﺳتﻻاﻮـﺳزاﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ
ناﺰــﻴﻣ،ﻞﻐــﺷ،نﺎــﻤﻳازداﺪــﻌﺗ،جاودزاتﺪــﻣ،ﻦــﺳﺮــﻴﻈﻧ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘتﻻاﻮﺳﺎﺑوعوﺮﺷتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻲﻣﻪﻣاداﺮﺗ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
د ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣر عﺎﺒـﺷارﻮـﻈﻨﻣﻪـﺑيﺮـﻴﮔ
هداد ﺎــﺗﺎــﻫ ﺖــﻓﺎﻳﻪــﻣاداﺮــﻔﻧ36
نآﻦــﺳﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ. ﺎــﻫ
5 /
±4 8 / دﻮﺑلﺎﺳ27 هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ) 1
( .
هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 1
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣدتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ:
داﺪﻌﺗ ) 36 ﺪﺻرد (
ﻦﺳ
± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا) (
5
/
±4 8 / 27
نزتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺘﺑا ﻲﻳاﺪ
ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
3
3 / 8
22 1
/ 61
11 6
/ 30
ﺮﺴﻤﻫتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑا
ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
5 9
/ 13
16 4
/ 44
15 7
/ 41
نزلﺎﻐﺘﺷا رادﻪﻧﺎﺧ
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ
30
3 / 83
6 7
/ 17
ﻪﻤﻴﺑﺖﻴﻌﺿو دراد
دراﺪﻧ
26
2 / 72
10 7
/ 27
ﻒﻟا يرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ-
زاﻞـﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧﻞﻣﺎﺷﻊﻗاوردﻪﻛيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ رﺎﺘﻓرمﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﻣ
دداﺮـﻓاروﺎـﺑﺮـﺿﺎﺣﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﻪﻛﺪﺷﺎﺑ ر
ﻦﻳراﺰــﺳشورﻪــﺑنﺎــﻤﻳازمﺎــﺠﻧازاﻞــﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧدرﻮــﻣ
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ)
2 .(
1 ﻲﻔﻨﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ -
1 - تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛضراﻮﻋ1
ﻪﻛتﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛضراﻮﻋوﻲﻔﻨﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑزا دﻮـﺑﻦﻳراﺰـﺳمﺎـﺠﻧازاﺪـﻌﺑدردﺪـﺷحﺮـﻄﻣداﺮﻓاﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺷاداردﺎﻘﺘﻋاﻦﻳاداﺮﻓاﺮﺜﻛا ﻪـﺑنﺎﻤﻳازم
ﻲﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳشور ﻲﺷﺎﻧدردوﻢﺣررددردﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ددﺮﮔﻢﺧزﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗزا .
"
ﻲﻣ،ﻪﮕﻳدﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋﻚﻳﻦﻳراﺰﺳ شﺪـﻌﺑﻦـﮔ
ﻲﻣدردنﻮﺸﻧﺎﻤﻳازﻂﺧنﻮﭼهراددردمدآ ﻲﻣنﻮﭼﻪﻨﻛ
هراددردﻢـﻫﻢـﺣردﻮـﺧهرﻮـﺨﺑشﻮـﺟداﻮﺧ
"
) ﻢﻧﺎـﺧ
ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣداﺪﻌﺗ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ30
،2 ﻴﺒﻃلوانﺎﻤﻳاز ﻲﻌ
.(
"
ﻲــﻣﺢﻴﺟﺮــﺗﺖــﺴﻫشﺪــﻌﺑدردﻦﻳراﺰــﺳﻮﺗ نوامد
ﻲﻣﻪﻛﻲﺘﻳذانواﻢﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧارﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑدرد ﻦـﺷ
ﻦﻳراﺰــﺳزاﺪــﻌﺑ ولدرﺎــﮕﻧاﻲــﻨﻜﻴﻣﻪﻓﺮــﺳويراددرد
ﻪـﻴﺨﺑوﺖـﻨﻫدﻮﺗدﺎﻴﺑداﻮﺨﻴﻣتﺮﮕﺟ ،ﻪـﻨﻜﻴﻣدردتﺎـﻫ
يراﺪﻧﻲﺘﺣارباﻮﺧهﺮﻴﮕﻴﻣدردﺖﻤﻜﺷ
"
،ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣﻢﻧﺎﺧ)
ﻣﺎﺣداﺪﻌﺗ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ32 ﻲﮕﻠ
ﻲﻠﺒﻗﻦﻳراﺰﺳ،2 .(
ﻢﻫ نآزايداﺪﻌﺗﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺷادارروﺎﺑﻦﻳاﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادﻦﻴﻨﺟوردﺎﻣيورﻲﻔﻨﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ .
"
ﻪـﻛﻲـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑيورادنواﺐﺧﻦﻳراﺰﺳضراﻮﻋزا ﻲـﻣفﺮﺼﻣ
ﻲـﻣردﺎـﻣردﻪـﻛيﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﻦﻨـﻛ هراذ
نﺎـﻜﻣا،
ﺖـﺴﻫﻢــﻫﺎـﻨﻳاﺶﻧﺪــﻣﺎﻴﻧشﻮـﻬﺑ
"
ﻪــﻠﻣﺎﺣنز) ــﺳ38
،ﻪﻟﺎ
ﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﻠﺒﻗﻦﻳراﺰﺳ،مﻮﺳﻲﮕﻠ (
"
ﻪـﻧﻮﺘﻧمداﺶﻴـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑورﻪـﻨﻜﻤﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳنﺎﻤﻳازﻮﺗ
مﺪﻴﻨـﺷﺪـﻨﻨﻜﺑﺖـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑﻪـﮔاهﺪـﺑﺮﻴـﺷﺶﭽﺑﻪﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻪـﭽﺑنراﺬـﮕﻧﻢـﻫزورﻪـﻳﺎﺗﺖﻋﺎﺳﺪﻨﭼﺖﺳاﻦﻜﻤﻣ ور
ﺶﻴـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑﻦﻴﻤﻫﻂﻘﻓﻦﻳراﺰﺳيﺪﺑﺮﻴﺷ
"
ﻣﺎﺣنز) ﻪـﻠ 28
لواﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ (
"
ﺑتﻼﻜــﺸﻣويرادﻪــﻴﺨﺑﻦﻳراﺰــﺳﻮــﺗ ﻮــﺷﺎﭘﻦﻴــﺸ
ﻲﺑداﻮﻣوﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑنواﺮﻃﺎﺧﻪﺑﻢﻫﺪﻌﺑيراد ﺲﺣ
هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
يﺪﺑﻪﭽﺑﻪﺑﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﺗﻲﻤﻧيﺪﺑﺮﻴﺷﻪﭽﺑﻪﺑنراﺬﻴﻤﻧ
"
،ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنز) ﻲﻠﺒﻗﻦﻳراﺰﺳ،مودﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ30
.(
هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 2
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑدرﻮﻣردﺎﻫﺪﻛوتﺎﻘﺒﻃﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ:
ﺎﻫﺪﻛ ﻲﻋﺮﻓتﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻠﺻاتﺎﻘﺒﻃ
ﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣﺮﻳز
ﻲﻠﺻاﻦﻴﻣﺎﻀﻣ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺲﭘﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃدرددﻮﺟو
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺲﭘﻢﺣردرد
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻞﻤﻋﻞﺤﻣدرد
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑﻪﻴﺨﺑدﻮﺟو
دازﻮﻧوردﺎﻣيورﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑﻲﻔﻨﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻢﺧزﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗندﻮﺑﺮﺗﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ
كﺮﺤﺗوﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑ
ﻦﻳرا
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻞﻤﻋزاﺪﻌﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳاﻪﺑزﺎﻴﻧ
ﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋﻂﺳﻮﺗﻢﻜﺷنﺪﺷزﺎﺑ
ﻞﻤﻋﻞﺤﻣﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑردﺎﻣنﺪﻣآشﻮﻫﻪﺑمﺪﻋ
ندادﺮﻴﺷردﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗمﺪﻋ
نآضراﻮﻋﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاسﺮﺗ
ﺎﻬﮔررددﺎﻘﻌﻧاﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻪﺘﻜﺳلﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳيﻻﺎﺑﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ
ددﺎﻳزيﺰﻳﺮﻧﻮﺧ ردﺎﻣر
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيدﺎﻋﻲﮔﺪﻧزﻪﺑﺮﺗﺮﻳدﺖﺸﮔزﺎﺑ
نآضراﻮﻋﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاسﺮﺗ
ﺎﻬﮔررددﺎﻘﻌﻧاﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻪﺘﻜﺳلﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳيﻻﺎﺑﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ
ﻒﻟا تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛضراﻮﻋ(
1 ﻲﻔﻨﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ-
يرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑﻪﻴﺨﺑضراﻮﻋ
ﺎﺠﻧاردﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗمﺪﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳيﺎﻫرﺎﻛم
ﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﺤﻣرﺎﻜﺳانﺪﻧﺎﻣﻲﻗﺎﺑ
ﻢﺣرﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ ﻢﻜﺷﻞﺧادﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ
يﺪﻌﺑنﺎﻤﻳازردﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازنﺎﻜﻣامﺪﻋ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑتﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃضراﻮﻋ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑﻲﻤﺣرتﻼﻜﺸﻣ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑناﺪﻤﺨﺗﺖﺴﻴﻛ
دردﺮﻤﻛ ﻢﻜﺷنﺪﻧﺎﻣﻲﻗﺎﺑگرﺰﺑ
ﺮﻤﻛﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧزاﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑزاﺪﻌﺑضراﻮﻋ ﺷ ﻢﻜﺷنﺪﺷﻞ
ب تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑضراﻮﻋ(
ﺮﺘﻤﻛدردسﺎﺴﺣا
ﺖﺣارنﺎﻤﻳاز درددﻮﺟومﺪﻋ
كدﻮﻛنﺪﻣآﺎﻴﻧﺪﺑنﺎﻣزندﻮﺑﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ردﺎﻣردسﺮﺘﺳاﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳرددازﻮﻧياﺮﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻲﻨﻤﻳا
ﻦﻜﺴﻣﺎﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑدردنﺪﺷفﺮﻃﺮﺑ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازمﺎﺠﻧاﺎﺑدازﻮﻧﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﻒﻟا
تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛﺖﺒﺜﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ( ﺖﺒﺜﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ-2
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﻴﺨﺑﻪﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳﺖﺣاﺮﺟوﻪﻴﺨﺑﺖﻴﺤﺟرا
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧهدرﻮﺧشﺮﺑيﺎﻫﻪﻳﻻﺮﺘﻬﺑﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ
ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗهﺎﮕﺘﺳدﺐﻴﺳآمﺪﻋ
ﺖﺳﻮﭘيورﺮﺑرﺎﻜﺳادﻮﺟومﺪﻋ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳردضراﻮﻋدﻮﺟومﺪﻋ
ب تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ (
2 - 1 تﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃضراﻮﻋ .
ﻫروﺎﺑزا ﻂـﺳﻮﺗدراﻮـﻣﺮﺜﻛاردﻪﻛﻲﻔﻨﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎ
ﻲﺷﺎﻧتﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃضراﻮﻋﺪﺷحﺮﻄﻣنﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﻛﺮﺷ دﻮــﺑﻦﻳراﺰــﺳمﺎــﺠﻧازا .
ضراﻮــﻋوتﻼﻜــﺸﻣﻪــﻠﻤﺟزا
دﻮﺑﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋزاﻲﺷﺎﻧﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼهﺪﺷحﺮﻄﻣ .
"
ﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﻪـﻴﺨﺑﻪـﻧﻮﻣﻲـﻣشﺎـﺟﻦـﻧزﻲﻣﻪﻛﻪﻴﺨﺑ هرﻮـﺧﻲـﻣشﻮـﺟﺮﺗﺮﻳدو،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃزاﺮﺗﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ .
ﻦـﻳازا
ﻓﺮﺣ دﺎـﻴﻣدﻮـﺟوﻪـﺑﻢـﺣرﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒـﺴﭼﺖـﺴﻴﻧﻢـﻬﻣﻪـﻛﺎ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﻃﺎـﺧﻪـﺑهرﺎﻴﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳﺎﺑﻪﻧﻮﺘﻴﻤﻧمداﻪﭽﺑﺎﺗودزاﺮﺗ
ﻢﺣرﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼنوا
"
) 33 نﺎـﻤﻳاز،مودﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ
رﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫر ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود
مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ،
،122 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1393 175
ﭘ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋ
ﻲــﻌﻴﺒﻃﻲــﻠﺒﻗ ﻢــﻫ.(
نﺎــﻴﺑﺰــﻴﻧدراﻮــﻣزايرﺎﻴــﺴﺑردﻦﻴــﻨﭼ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻧزﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛ دردﺮـﻤﻛرﺎـﭼدﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻢـﻫﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
زاارناﺪـﻤﺨﺗﺖـﺴﻴﻛنﺪـﺷدﺎـﺠﻳا
ﻲﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳتﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃضراﻮﻋ ﺪﻨﻧاد
.
"
نوا ﻲـﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫ نﻮـﺸﻧوﺪﻤﺨﺗاﺪـﻌﺑﻦﻨـﻛ
ﻲﻣزﺎﺳﺖﺴﻴﻛ ،هﺪـﺑﻲـﻠﻴﺧﻦﻳراﺰﺳزاﺪﻌﺑضراﻮﻋوﻪﺷ
ﻲـﻤﻧﻦـﻣزﻮـﻨﻫﻲـﻟوﻪﺸﻟﺎﺳﺖﻔﻫمﺮﺴﭘﻦﻣنﻻا ﻪـﻳﻢﻧﻮـﺗ
ـﺑﺎﺟﺖﺣارورﺪﻤﻛ ﻪ
ًﻼﺜـﻣﺎـﻳﺎـﺟ هدرﻮـﺧﻪـﻳﺢﺒـﺻﺮـﮔا
ﺮﻃﺎﺧﻪﺑ،ﻪﺸﻴﻣﻚﺸﺧﻼﺻامﺮﻤﻛ،باﻮﺧزاﻢﺷﺎﭘﺮﺗﺪﻳد ﻲﺑلﻮﭙﻣآ
ﻲـﻣﺮـﻤﻛﻪﺑﻪﻛﻲﺴﺣ
،ﺪـﻨﻧز
"
) ،ﻪـﻠﻣﺎﺣنز 30
ﻂﻘﺳﻚﻳ،ﻲﻠﺒﻗﻦﻳراﺰﺳ،مودﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ .(
2 ﺖﺒﺜﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ -
2 - 1 تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛﺖﺒﺜﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .
ﻪـﻄﻴﺣنﺎـﻧزﻦﻴـﺑردﺰﻴﻧﺖﺒﺜﻣيرﺎﺘﻓريﺎﻫروﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻣﻞﻣﺎﺷار طﻮﺑﺮﻣﺖﺒﺜﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑزايداﺪﻌﺗﺪﺷ
ﻮﺑدازﻮﻧياﺮﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋمﺎﺠﻧازاﻲﺷﺎﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﺑ د
.
"
ًﻼﺜﻣ ﺶﻴﺑﻲﻨﻤﻳاياﺮﺑ ارﻞـﻤﻋ،ﻪـﻠﺑ،دازﻮـﻧياﺮـﺑﺮﺗ
نﺪﻴﻣمﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻪـﻛﺖﻗوﺮﻫﻪﻛﺖﺴﻨﻳاﻦﻳراﺰﺳﺮﮕﻳدﻲﺑﻮﺧ
ﻲــﻣﻲﻫاﻮــﺨﺑ ﺶﻧﺎــﻣز،يرﺎــﻴﺑﺎﻴﻧﺪــﺑارتاﻪــﭽﺑﻲﻧاﻮــﺗ
ﺮﮕﻧﻪﮕﻳدوﺺﺨﺸﻣ يراﺪـﻧﻲﻧا
"
) ﻪـﻠﻣﺎﺣنز 35
،ﻪﻟﺎـﺳ
ﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻲﻠﺒﻗنﺎﻤﻳاز،مﻮﺳﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ .(
ﻢــﻫ ﻦﻴــﺑردﻪــﻛيﺮــﮕﻳدﺖــﺒﺜﻣيﺎــﻫروﺎﺑزاﻦﻴــﻨﭼ
ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ درددﻮـﺟومﺪـﻋدﻮـﺑﻊﻳﺎﺷﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗردنﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ زاﺪـﻌﺑﺪﻨﺘـﺷادروﺎﺑﻲﮕﻤﻫﻪﭼﺮﮔدﻮﺑدازﻮﻧﺪﻟﻮﺗﻲﻃرد
دﺮﻛﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗاردردﻦﻳراﺰﺳمﺎﺠﻧا .
"
ﻲﻣسﺎﺴﺣا زراﻢﻨﻛ
ﺪﻨﭼماﻮﺨﺑﺎﻌﻗاوهراﺪﻧارﺶﺷ
ﻢﺸﻜﺑباﺬﻋﻲﻠﻴﺧﻲﺘﻋﺎﺳ )
ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎـﻤﻳازرد (
ﺢﻴﺟﺮـﺗ،
ﻲﻣ نﺎﻤﻳازمﺮﺑﺮﺳدردﻲﺑمد ﻦﻳراﺰﺳ)
( نوﺮـﻴﺑمﺎـﻴﺑﻢﻨـﻛ
"
ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣ) لواﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ24
.(
2 - 2 تﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃﺖﺒﺜﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .
زانﺎـﻤﻳازردﻪـﻛدﻮـﺑﻦـﻳاﻊﻳﺎﺷوﺞﻳاريﺎﻫروﺎﺑزا ﻲﻜﻴﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻖﻳﺮﻃ دﺎـﺠﻳاﻲﻠـﺳﺎﻨﺗهﺎﮕﺘﺳدرد
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪـﻫاﻮﺨﻧﻲﺴﻨﺟتﻻﻼﺘﺧارﺎﭼددﺮﻓهﺪﻨﻳآردودﻮﺷ ﺪﺷ
". ﻲـﻣﺚـﻋﺎﺑﺎﻫﺰﻴﭼﻲﻠﻴﺧﻦﻳراﺰﺳرد نزﻪـﻛﻪـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻛتﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺎـﺑتﻼﻜﺸﻣدرﻮﻣردﻼﺜﻣﻦﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاديﺮﺗ
مدآﻢـﺣرﻪـﺑﻪﻛدﺎﻳﻲﻤﻧﺎﻴﻧدﻪﺑﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘزاﻪﭽﺑ،نﻮﺷﺮﻫﻮﺷ دﺎــﻴﺑرﺎــﺸﻓ نژاو)
ﻞــﺜﻣﺰــﻴﭼﻪــﻤﻫﻪــﺸﺑﻞــﺷو ( ﻲﻗﺎــﺑلوا
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻣ
"
ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنز).
30 لواﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎـﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎـﺳ .(
تﺎـﻜﻧزا
وهﺪـﺷمﺎـﺠﻧاشﺮـﺑعﻮﻧهﺪﺷحﺮﻄﻣتﺪﻣﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺖﺳاﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻲﺣاﺮﺟردنآﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ .
ﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﻲﺣاﺮﺟرد
ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃشﺮﺑﻪﻛﻪﺘﺳرد
ﻪـﻳﻻﺖـﻔﻫﻮﺗنﻮﭼﻲﻟوﺖﺳاﺮﺗ
ﻲــﻣ ﻲــﻣشﻮــﺟﺐــﺗﺮﻣوبﻮــﺧنزود شﺎــﺟوهرﻮــﺧ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻳزﻢﻫﺶﻠﺤﻣﻪﻧﻮﻣ ﻲﻤﻧمﻮﻠﻌﻣﻪﻛﻢﻜﺷ
ﻮـﺗﻲـﻟوﻪﺷ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳاز نز ) .
ﻂﻘﺳود،مﻮﺳﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ،ﻪﻟﺎﺳ27 .(
ﺚﺤﺑ
زﺮـﻃﻪـﺑﻪـﻛﻪـﭽﻧآﺖـﺳانآﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻴﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ يرﺎـﺘﻓرروﺎﺑ،ﺖـﺳاﺮﺛﻮﻣنﺎﻤﻳازشوربﺎﺨﺘﻧارديزرﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳاداﺮﻓا .
دﺎﻬﻨـﺸﻴﭘسﺎـﺳاﺮـﺑﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦـﻳاردﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧرد ﻛهﺪﺷيﺰﻳرﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑرﺎﺘﻓريرﻮﺌﺗNoar
روﺎﺑيرﻮﺌﺗﻚﻳﻪ
ردفﺪــﻫهوﺮﮔروﺎــﺑجاﺮﺨﺘــﺳارﻮــﻈﻨﻣﻪــﺑ،ﺖــﺳارﻮــﺤﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳادرﻮـﻣﻦﻳراﺰـﺳشورﻪـﺑﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣﻢﺘﺧﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ
) 18
.(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاردﻦﻳراﺰﺳمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺖﺒﺜﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﻪـﻛدﻮـﺑتﺪـﻣﺪـﻨﻠﺑوتﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛﺖﺒﺜﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﻳازمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧارداﺮﻓاشﺮﮕﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃزانﺎـﻤ
ﺪﻫدﻞﻜﺷﻦﻳراﺰﺳ .
ﺖـﺷرردﻲـﻤﻛﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻚﻳرد
رد
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣردﺎﻣ210 نآﺪﺻرد92
ﺪـﻌﺑﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺷادروﺎﺑﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷادﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧدردﻦﻳراﺰﺳزا
) 19
.(
ﻢﻫ مﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻴﻨﭼ
ﻂــﺳﻮﺗهﺪــﺷ
Cleeton
ﻪــﻛدادنﺎــﺸﻧ 4
/ زاﺪــﺻرد15
ﻲـﻔﻨﻣوﺖﺒﺜﻣﺢﻴﺤﺻيﺎﻫروﺎﺑيارادﺶﻫوﮋﭘيﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ـﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑﻦﻳراﺰ
) 20
.(
يﺎـﻫروﺎﺑدراﻮـﻣﻪـﻴﻘﺑردو
نآ ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺒﻧﺢﻴﺤﺻﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑزاﻲﻜﻳﻪﻠﻤﺟزا .
ﻢﺘـﺧرددازﻮـﻧياﺮـﺑضراﻮـﻋﺶﻫﺎـﻛﺮـﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد دﻮﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳشورﻪﺑﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ .
هﺪـﺷمﺎﺠﻧاتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻞـﻳﻻدزاﺪﻧزﺮﻓﺎﻳدﻮﺧﺖﻣﻼﺳﻆﻔﺣﻪﻛﺖﺳانآﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻦﻳراﺰﺳيﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗياﺮﺑردﺎﻣ ﺖـﺳاهدﻮـﺑ
)
،21 22
.(
ﺮـﮕﻳدزا
مﺎــﺠﻧاندﻮــﺑﺖــﺣارﺮــﺿﺎﺣﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﺖــﺒﺜﻣيﺎــﻫروﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘردﻪﻛﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Johanson
ﺰﻴﻧنارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
ﺶﻴﺑ
،ﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧناردﺎﻣشﺮﮕﻧردﻖﻓاﻮﻣدراﻮﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﺣار ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃنﺎﻤﻳازﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧنآندﻮﺑﺮﺗ
) 23 (
.
ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻴﺑرﻮﻛﺬـﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪـﻛﺖـﺳانآ
ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑنﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد -
لﺎﻤﻋاتاﺮﻄﺧوﻲﻔﻨﻣﺐﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻚــﭼﻮﻛرﺎـﻤﻴﺑياﺮــﺑارﻦﻳراﺰـﺳﺮــﻴﻈﻧﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺎﻣ هﻮــﻠﺟﺮـﺗ
ﻲﻣ
ﺖـﺳردتﺎـﻋﻼﻃاﻪـﺑناردﺎـﻣدراﻮﻣﻲﺧﺮﺑردوﺪﻨﻫد
ﺪﻧراﺪﻧﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد
) 23
.(
ﻪــﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦــﻳارديدﺪــﻌﺘﻣﻲــﻔﻨﻣيﺎــﻫروﺎﺑ
وتﺪـﻣهﺎـﺗﻮﻛضراﻮـﻋﻞﻣﺎـﺷﻪﻛﺪﺷشراﺰﮔﻦﻳراﺰﺳ
ﺑ دﻮﺑﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣتﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠ ﻲﻔﻨﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻪﻨﻴﻣزرد .
ﻪـﻛﺖـﺳانآﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻴﺑﺰﻴﻧتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺮﻳﺎﺳﻦﻳراﺰﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﻊﻳﺎﺷرﺎﻴﺴﺑﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻦﻴﺑردﻞﻤﻋزاﺪﻌﺑدرد
) 24
.(
ﻢﻫ ﻲـﻃردردﺎـﻣﻪـﻛﻲـﺗاﺮﻄﺧﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻲﻔﻨﻣروﺎﺑﻦﻴﻨﭼ
ﻲﻣﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳمﺎﺠﻧا دﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻨﻴﻨﺟتاﺮـﻄﺧﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺰـﮔﺮﺗ
ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷشرا
) 25
.(
مﺎـﺠﻧاﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻚـﻳرد
دادنﺎـﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺰﻴﻧﻦﻴﺘﻧاژرآردهﺪﺷ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣيﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻪـﻛ
زاﺪـﻧرادﻦـﻫذردﻦﻳراﺰـﺳياﺮـﺑرادرﺎﺑنﺎﻧزاريدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﻳاﻪﻠﻤﺟ باﻮـﺧودراﺪـﻧلﺎـﻌﻓﺶـﻘﻧنزﻦﻳراﺰﺳردﻪﻛ زاﺪــﻌﺑوﺖــﺴﻴﻧﺪــﻟﻮﺗسﺎــﺴﺣاكردﻪــﺑردﺎــﻗوﺖــﺳا
نآردﻲﮔدﺮــﺴﻓالﺎــﻤﺘﺣانﺎــﻤﻳاز ــﻫ
ﻲــﻣﺶﻳاﺰــﻓاﺎ ﺪــﺑﺎﻳ
.
ﻢﻫ ﺶﻴﺑدردﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲـﺣاﺮﺟﻞـﻤﻋﺮﻫﺎﺑﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣتاﺮﻄﺧ،ﺮﺗ
ﻲـﺷﺎﻧضراﻮـﻋ،دازﻮﻧﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗرايراﺮﻗﺮﺑردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ،ﺮﮕﻳد رﻮـﺒﻋ،ﻲـﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑمﺎـﺠﻧاﻲﻃرددردسﺎﺴﺣاوﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑزا
دردﺪـﺿيورادفﺮـﺼﻣياﺮـﺑﺖﻴﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣوﺮﻴﺷزاوراد ﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻔﻨﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑزاﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋزاﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷحﺮﻄﻣﻦﻳراﺰﺳ
) 26
.(
ﻲﻣنﺎﻳﺎﭘرد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧناﻮﺗ
ﻪﻛدﺮﻛيﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤـﺼﺗذﺎﺨﺗا
يﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻪﺑرﺎﺘﻓرمﺎﺠﻧاويرﺎﺘﻓرﺪﺼﻗﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗراردداﺮﻓا نآهﺪــﺷكرد يﺎــﻫروﺎﺑرادرﺎــﺑنﺎــﻧزدرادطﺎــﺒﺗراﺎــﻫ
شورﻪــﺑﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎــﺣﻢﺘــﺧﺎــﺑطﺎــﺒﺗراردﻲــﻄﻠﻏوﺢﻴﺤــﺻ ﺪﻧرادﻦﻳراﺰﺳ .
ـﺑﻲﺑﺎـﻳزراودﻮـﺟﻮﻣيﺎـﻫروﺎﺑ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗروﺎ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗردﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎﻧز نآيﺮﻴﮔ
اﺬـﻟﺖـﺳاﺮﺛﻮـﻣرﺎﻴﺴﺑﺎﻫ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳشﻼﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘوﻪﻧﺎﺳر،ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑيﺎﻫ
ردﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻞﻨـﺳﺮﭘﺪـﺷﺎﺑﻂﻠﻏيﺎﻫروﺎﺑﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺖﻬﺟرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫيداﺮـﻓاﻦﻴـﻟواءﺰﺟﻪﻛهروﺎﺸﻣولﺎﺗﺎﻧهﺮﭘ
نآياﺮــﺑوﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫسﺎــﻤﺗردﻪــﻠﻣﺎﺣنزﺎــﺑﻪــﻛ ﻪــﺋاراﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻣﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻂـﻠﻏيرﺎـﺘﻓريﺎـﻫروﺎﺑﻪـﺑﺖﺒـﺴﻧﺪـﻳﺎﺑ
رددﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﺘــﺧياﺮــﺑﻦﻳراﺰــﺳﻪــﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﻪــﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎــﻧز
ﻂـﻠﻏيﺎﻫروﺎﺑﻪﺑﻪﻛﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧشﻼﺗوﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑهﺎﮔآﻲﮕﻠﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣنﺎﻧزﻦﻴﺑرددﻮﺟﻮﻣ .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
وﺮﻜﺸﺗﺐﺗاﺮﻣﻪﻠﻴﺳوﻦﻳﺪﺑﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣنﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻧادرﺪـﻗ
ﻮﺷمﺮﺘﺤﻣيﺎﻀﻋازااردﻮﺧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘيار
نﺎـﻧزوﺶﻫوﮋـﭘﻦﻳاياﺮﺟازاﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘوﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﻣزاﺮﺑاﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣحﺮﻃﻦﻳاردﻪﻛيا ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ
.
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رﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫر ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ
هرود
مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ،
،122 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1393 177
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
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