1
هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣو يزروﺎﺸﮐ يروﺎﻨﻓ ي يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ و ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ هوﺮﮔ
نﺎﯾﺎﭘ
ﻪﺟرد ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ي
ﻪﺘﺷر رد يراﺪﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ي
:ناﻮﻨﻋ
نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز ﯽﻔﻠﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣﺎﺑ
ﻞﯿﺑدرا يﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﯽﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐارد(ﺖﺧرد نوﺪﺑ)زﺎﺑ
دﺎﺘﺳا (ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا) ﺎﻤﻨﻫار
:
ﻮﺠﻬﺑ ناﻮﯿﮐدﺎﺷﺮﻓﺮﺘﮐد
دﺎﺘﺳا (ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا) روﺎﺸﻣ
:
ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﺖﻣﺎﻬﺷ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ و ﯽﻔﯾﺮﺷﺮﺑﺎﺟ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ :
ﻞﺻا هدازﻼﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ
لﺎﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ
نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1393
2
:ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻞﺻا هدازﻼﻣ
:مﺎﻧ ﻦﺴﺣ
:ﻪﻣﺎﻧ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز ﯽﻔﻠﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ يا زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﺘﺧرد
نوﺪﺑ)
ﻞﯿﺑدرا يﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﯽﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا رد(ﺖﺧرد :ﺎﻤﻨﻫار دﺎﺘﺳا ﻮﺠﻬﺑ ناﻮﯿﮐ دﺎﺷﺮﻓﺮﺘﮐد
:روﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﺖﻣﺎﻬﺷ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ ،ﯽﻔﯾﺮﺷ ﺮﺑﺎﺟ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﻧ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ :
ﻪﺘﺷر ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ :
ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ يراﺪﻌﺗﺮﻣ :
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ : هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣو يزروﺎﺸﮐ يروﺎﻨﻓ : عﺎﻓد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ
رﻮﯾﺮﻬﺷ 1393
ﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﺤﻔﺻدا 109
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
نﺎـﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز رد ﯽﻔﻠﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﯽﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﻠﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا كﺎـﺧ و ﯽﻫﺎـﯿﮔ ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ يرادﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮـﺻ ﻞﯿﺑدرا يﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣرد ﺖﺧرد نوﺪﺑ و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳرد و ﺖﮑﺴﻧاﺮﺗ18
) تﻼﭘ240 و عﻮـﻨﺗ ﻪـﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮـﺑ تﻼﭘ180
اﺮـﺑ تﻼـﭘ60 شور ﻪـﺑ (ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺮـﯿﮔ هزاﺪـﻧا ي
ﯽﯾﺎـﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺖـﻬﺟ و ﺐﯿـﺷ ﻪـﻘﺒﻃرﺎﻬﭼرد نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و ﺖﺧرد نوﺪﺑ وزﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳزا ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد كﺎـﺧ يرادﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻬﺟ ،ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﭘ ﺎﺗ0
و20 ﺎﺗ20 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ40 يﺎـﻫ تﻼـﭘزا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎﺑ .ﺪـﺷ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ هﺎﮕـﺸﯾﺎﻣزآرد و ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺮﺘﻣ ﯽ /5
رد0
/5 ) ﯽﻌﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣرﺎﻬﭼ يﺎﻫ تﻼﭘ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﺮﺘﻣ0 رد2
ﮓﻨـﺳ ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ ﺪﺻرد يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣرﺎﭘ (ﺮﺘﻣ2
و يرادﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽـﺸﯾور ﻞـﺼﻓ ﮏـﯾ لﻮـﻃرد ﯽﻫﺎـﯿﮔ يﺎـﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧ ناﺰﯿﻣ و هﺰﯾر ﮓﻨﺳو ﺳاﺎﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ و ﻊﻄﻗ شورزاﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ وﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزا هدﺎﻔﺘ
نﻮﻧﺎﺷ و نﻮﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧزا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ ﻒﻟﺎﮔرﺎﻣ و ﮏﯿﻨﻬﻨﻣ يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺮﻨﯾو–
.ﺪـﺷ دروآﺮـﺑPast
ﺑﺮﻣ نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ مﺮـﻧزا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎﺑ... و ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﺟﺎﺗ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ تﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ طﻮ
راﺰﻓا SPSS ﻪـﯾﺰﺠﺗ) هﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣﺪـﻨﭼ يﺎـﻫ شورزا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎﺑ نﺎـﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾزوزﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻬﺟ و ﺎﻫ ﺐﯿﺷ رد
ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ هﺎﮕـﺸﯾور رد هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ (ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو رﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ) (هرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ،ق
،هﺮﯿﺗ20 و ﺲﻨﺟ114
زﺎـﺑ ﻊـﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ .ﺪﻧراد شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ149
نﻮﻧﺎـﺷ و نﻮـﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ عﻮـﻨﺗ يﺎـﻫ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هدﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ بﻮﮑـﺷاﺮﯾزردﺮﻨﯾو–
ﺮﻣ يﺎﻬﺘﯾﺎﺳ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃرد .ﺪﺷﺎﺒﯿﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳزا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ قرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ نﺎـﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗا
،ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو ﻪـﯾﺰﺠﺗرد ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ و دراددﻮﺟوﺎﻫ نآ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻬﺟوﺎﻫ ﺐﯿﺷرد عﻮـﻧ ﯽﻠـﺻا تاﺮـﺛارد يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ سﻼﮐﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺛا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ و ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ سﻼﮐ و ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو ﻪـﯾﺰﺠﺗ سﺎـﺳاﺮﺑ .دﻮـﺷ ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد(ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ) ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮ
ﯽﻘﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ودرد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﮐﺎﺧ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ - 20
و0 - 40 توﺎـﻔﺗ يﺮـﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺎـﺳ20
.دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ود ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا و كﺎﺧ ﻖﻤﻋو ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛارد يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﻞﯿﺑدرا يﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،عﻮﻨﺗ :هژاو
3 ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ
...ناﻮﻨﻋ ...
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ﻪﺤﻔﺻ...
ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗﺮﺑ يروﺮﻣو ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ :لوا ﻞﺼﻓ
-1 .1 ...ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ...
2
-1 .2 ﺖﯿﻤﻫاو تروﺮﺿ ...ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ...
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-1 حﺮﻃو فاﺪﻫا .3 ...ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ...
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-1 ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ .4 ...ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ...
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-1 -4 عﻮﻨﺗ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ .1 ...ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ...
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-1 -4 عﻮﻨﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ .2 ...ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ...
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-1 -4 عﻮﻨﺗ يدﻮﺑﺎﻧ و ﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ ،ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ .3 ...ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ...
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-1 -4 عﻮﻨﺗزا ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ .4 ...ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ..
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-1 ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ.5 و ﺎﻨﻏ ،عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
...ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ...
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-1 -5 يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .1 ...عﻮﻨﺗ ...
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4
-1 -5 -1 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .1
...ﻞﯿﻫ ...
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-1 -5 -1 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .2
...نﻮﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ .
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-1 -5 -1 نﻮﻧﺎﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .3
...ﺮﻨﯾو ...
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-1 -5 -1 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .4
...ﻦﯿﯾﻮﻠﯾﺮﺑ ...
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-1 -5 -1 يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .5
...ﻒﻟﺎﮔرﺎﻣ ...
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-1 -5 -1 يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .6
...ﮏﻨﯿﻬﻨﻣ ...
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-1 -5 يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا .2 ...ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ...
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-1 -5 -2 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .1
...نﻮﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ ...
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-1 -5 -2 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ.2
...ﻮﮔﺎﻣرﺎﮐ ...
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-1 -5 -2 و ﺖﯿﻤﺳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .3
...نﻮﺴﻠﯾو ..
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-1 -5 -2 ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .4
...ﯽﻧ ..
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-1 ﻦﯾارد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ.6
...ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ...
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-1 -6
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .1
...ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ .
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-1 -6 -1 ﯽﻤﮐ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .1
...ﺶﺷﻮﭘ .
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.ﻒﻟا ...ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ...
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...ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ.ب ...
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16 ﺪﻣﺎﺴﺑ.پ ...ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓﺎﯾ ...
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.ت ...گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ...
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ﮓﻨﺳ.ث ...هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳو ...
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كﺎﺧ .ج ...ﺖﺨﻟ ...
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مﺮﻓ)ﯽﺸﯾور ﻞﮑﺷ .چ ...نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ(ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ ...
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.ح ...نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ(ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟرﺎﺸﺘﻧا)ﭗﯿﺗوﺮﮐ ...
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...رﻮﻠﻓ .خ ...
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18 -1 -6 تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .2 ...كﺎﺧ ...
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-1 -6 -2 ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .1
...كﺎﺧ ..
...
19
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .ﻒﻟا ...كﺎﺧ ...
...
...
...
...
19
ﻖﻤﻋ .ب ...كﺎﺧ ...
...
20
-1 -6 -2 ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .2
...كﺎﺧ ..
...
20
.ﻒﻟا )ﻪﺘﯾﺪﯿﺳا ....(PH
...
...
...
21
ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ.ب ...كﺎﺧ(يرﻮﺷ)ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ..
...
..
...
21
ﯽﻟآ هدﺎﻣ .پ ...كﺎﺧ ...
...
...
21
ﻢﯿﺴﻠﮐ تﺎﻨﺑﺮﮐ .ت ...كﺎﺧ ...
22
...ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘ.ث ...
...
...
22 .ج ...نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ...
...
...
22
...ﺮﻔﺴﻓ.ح ...
...
22
-1 .7 ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ...ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ...
...
23
-1 -7 ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ .1 ...نﺎﻬﺟرد ...
. ...
24
7
-1 -7 -1 و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ نﺎﺘﺧرد ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ ﺮﺛا.1
...عﻮﻨﺗ ...
...
24
-1 -7 -1 ﻞﻣاﻮﻋو يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ طﺎﺒﺗرا .2
...ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ....
...
25
-1 -7 ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ .2 ...ناﺮﯾارد ...
27
-1 -7 -2 ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ نﺎﺘﺧرد ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ ﺮﺛا .1
...عﻮﻨﺗو ...
...
27
-1 -7 -2 ﯽﺧﺮﺑﺮﺛا.2 عﻮﻨﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻓاﺮﮔﻮﭘﻮﺗ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ زا
...ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ...
...
29
ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ :مود ﻞﺼﻓ
-2 درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ .1 ...ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ...
. ...
33
-2 -1 ﯽﻣﻮﻗر لﺪﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧو ﯽﻓاﺮﮔﻮﭘﻮﺗ طﻮﻄﺧ .1
)عﺎﻔﺗرا ...(DEM
...
...
34
-2 -1 ...ﺐﯿﺷ.3 ...
...
...
34
-2 -1 تﺎﻬﺟ .4 ...ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ...
34
-2 -1 واﻮﻫ و بآ .5 ...ﻢﯿﻠﻗا ...
...
...
35
-2 -1 ﻦﯿﻣزو ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮓﻨﺳ .6 ...ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
...
...
...
36
-2 شور .2 ...ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ...
...
38
8
-2 -2 هداد ﺖﺒﺛو يرادﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ .1
...ﺎﻫ ...
...
...
38
-2 -2 يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا .2 ...ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ..
...
...
41
-2 -2 -2 ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .1
...كﺎﺧ ..
...
41
-2 -2 -2 يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .2 ...PH ...
. ...
42
-2 -2 -2 ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .3
...كﺎﺧ ...
...
. ...
42
-2 -2 -2 يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .4
...ﮏﻫآ .
...
43
-2 -2 -2 تزا يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .5
...كﺎﺧ ...
..
...
43
-2 -2 -2 يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا شور .6
...كﺎﺧﺮﻔﺴﻓ ..
...
44
-2 -2 -2 شور .7 ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا
...كﺎﺧ ...
...
44
-2 هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ .3 ...ﺎﻫ ...
. ...
45
-2 -3 عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا .1 ...ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾو .
...
. ....
...
45
-2 -3 ﺎﻘﻣو ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا .2 ﺶﺷﻮﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺴﯾ
...ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ .
...
45
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ :مﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ
9
-3 تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .1 ...ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ...
47
-3 -1 .1 ...ﺐﯿﺷ ...
...
47
-3 -1 تﺎﻬﺟ .2 ...ﺐﯿﺷ ...
..
...
49
-3 ﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .2 ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘو ﯽﻫﺎ
...نآ ...
....
. ...
52
-3 ،ﺐﯿﺷ ،ﺖﻬﺟ،كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ .3
...ﺎﻨﻏوﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ...
...
....
...
...
55
-3 -3 تﺎﻔﺻﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يا ﻪﻨﻣاد تﺎﻬﺟﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ .1
...ﺶﺷﻮﭘ .
...
...
...
55
-3 ﻪﺳﻼﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ .4 تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ
...ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ...
...
...
61
-3 ﻖﻤﻋ ود رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .5
...ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ...
...
...
...
. ...
69
-3 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ .6 يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻨﻏ
...عﻮﻨﺗو ...
...
...
...
...
...
77
-3 -6 عﻮﻨﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .1 ...نﻮﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ ...
...
..
...
78
-3 -6 يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .2 ...ﻒﻟﺎﮔرﺎﻣ ...
78
-3 -6 يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .3
...ﮏﯿﻨﻬﻨﻣ ...
. ...
79
يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧو ﺚﺤﺑ :مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﺼﻓ
10
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧو ﺚﺤﺑ .4 ...يﺮﯿﮔ ...
...
81
-4 ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺐﯿﺷ تﺎﻬﺟو ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ .1 ...يا ...
...
...
81
-4 يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐو ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ .2 ...ﺐﯿﺷ .
...
84
-4 .3 و ﯽﺤﻄﺳ كﺎﺧ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ
...ﯽﻘﻤﻋ ....
...
86
-5 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ و ﺎﻨﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ .4
...يا ..
..
...
86
-5 ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧو يﺪﻨﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ .5 ...يﺮﯿﮔ ..
...
88
لﺎﮑﺷا ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ
...ناﻮﻨﻋ ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
ﻪﺤﻔﺻ...
ﻞﮑﺷ -2 نﺎﺘﺳاورﻮﺸﮐ ﺢﻄﺳرد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ .1
...ﻞﯿﺑدرا ...
...
..
...
33
ﻞﮑﺷ -2 درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮏﯿﻣﺮﺗوﺮﺒﻣآ ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ .2
...ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ...
...
35
11
ﮑﺷ ﻞ -2 تﻼﭘزا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ .3 رد./5
يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑﺮﺘﻣ./5
...ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ..
...
...
...
39
ﻞﮑﺷ -2 ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣرﺎﻬﭼ تﻼﭘزا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ .4
...ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮕﺸﺷﻮﭘ ...
...
...
40
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .1
...ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...
...
47
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .2
...هرد ....
...
48
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﺐﯿﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .3
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
49
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﺐﯿﺷ تﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .4
...ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...
...
50
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﺐﯿﺷ تﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .5
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
..
...
51
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﺐﯿﺷ تﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ .6
...هرد ..
...
...
..
...
52
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .7 SE
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرﺪﻧاﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (±
...ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ...
....
...
...
56
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .8 SE
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ
...هرد ...
...
56
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .9 SE
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (±
...هرد ...
...
57
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .10 SE
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ
....هرد ...
...
58
12
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .11 SE
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (±
...هرد ...
...
58
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .12 SE
قﺮﺷ ،بﻮﻨﺟ ،لﺎﻤﺷ يا ﻪﻨﻣاد تﺎﻬﺟ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ بﺮﻏ و
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ...هرد ...
...
60
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .13 SE
،لﺎﻤﺷ يا ﻪﻨﻣاد تﺎﻬﺟ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ بﺮﻏ و قﺮﺷ ،بﻮﻨﺟ
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﻔﻠﻋ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ(ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ رد مﺮﮔ) ...هرد ...
...
61
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .14 SE
ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد
.هرد ...
. 62
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .15 SE
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد (ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ رد مﺮﮔ) ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ
...هرد ...
...
63 ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .16 SE
د گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ر
...هرد 63
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .17 SE
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (±
...هرد ...
...
64
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .18 SE
ﯿﻧ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا (± ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ،قرﺎ
..هرد ...
....
65
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .19 SE
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
...ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ...
...
...
67 ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .20 SE
رد (ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ رد مﺮﮔ) ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
...
...
68
13
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .21 SE
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
...
...
69
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .22 SE
كﺎﺧ يزﺎﺑ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
...
70
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .23 SE
ﻫ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± رد كﺎﺧ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖﯾاﺪ
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
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71
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .24 SE
ﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± رد كﺎﺧ ﮏﻫآ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ ح
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
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71
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .25 SE
ﺛا (± ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮ
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
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72
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .26
±SE ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
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73
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .27 SE
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ ﻦﺷ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
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73
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .28 SE
كﺎﺧ ﺖﻠﯿﺳ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± رد
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
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74
14
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .29 SE
ﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ سر ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘ
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...هرد ...
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74
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 رﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺚﻠﺜﻣ .30 ﺮﯾز بﻮﮑﺷا و زﺎﺑ) ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻄﻣ د
...(ﯽﺘﺧرد ...
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75
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .31 SE
رد كﺎﺧ ﻞﮐ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (±
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
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76
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .32 SE
ﯽﻟآ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ كﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻘﻤﻋ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا (± رد كﺎﺧ
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ...هرد ...
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76
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 نﻮﻧﺎﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .33 -
،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺮﻨﯾاو و هرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
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ﻞﮑﺷ -3 و هرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد نﻮﺴﭙﻤﯿﺳ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .34
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
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78
ﻞﮑﺷ -3 ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .35 و هرد
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
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ﻞﮑﺷ -3 و هرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﮏﯿﻨﻬﻨﻣ يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .36
....قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
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15
لواﺪﺟ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ
ﻨﻋ ...ناﻮ ...
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ﻪﺤﻔﺻ...
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ -3
ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺷ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ .1
...رﺎﺘﮑﻫ ...
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49
لوﺪﺟ -3 ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﻬﺟ تﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ .2
...رﺎﺘﮑﻫ ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3 ﺪﺻردو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ .3 ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣرد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧو هﺰﯾﺮﮕﺘﺳو ﮓﻨﺳ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ،ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
...ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣرد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧو هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳو ﮓﻨﺳ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ،ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﺻردو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ .4
...قرﺎﯿﻧ ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3
ﮓﻨﺳ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ،ﺶﺷﻮﭘ جﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﺻردو ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ .5
ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣرد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧو هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳو
....هرد ...
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16
لوﺪﺟ -3 و قﺮﺷ ،بﻮﻨﺟ ،لﺎﻤﺷ ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يا ﻪﻨﻣاد تﺎﻬﺟ رد (ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ) ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ .6
كﺎﺧ ﺪﺻرد و گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ (بﺮﻏ ....ﺖﺨﻟ ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3 و گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ يا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺐﯿﺷ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ .7
كﺎﺧ و هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳ و ﮓﻨﺳ ...ﺖﺨﻟ ....
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لوﺪﺟ -3 ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐ رد (ﯽﺘﺧرد بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ) ﻊﺗﺮﻣ عﻮﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ .8
كﺎﺧ ﺪﺻرد و ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ...ﺖﺨﻟ ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3
و ﮓﻨﺳ ﺪﺻرد ،گﺮﺒﺷﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﻔﻠﻋ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﻼﮐ ﯽﻠﺻا تاﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ .9
و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﺖﺨﻟ كﺎﺧ و هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳ ...هرﺪﻬﻟﺎﻐﺷ ....
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لوﺪﺟ -3 ﯽﻘﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ود رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ بﻮﮑﺷا ﺮﯾز و زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﮐﺎﺧ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ .10 -20
و0 -20
ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ40 ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رﺪﯾﺮﺘﻣ
...هرد ...
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لوﺪﺟ -3 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .11 هرد ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷ و قرﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻮﻠﻗﺪﻨﻓ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رد كﺎﺧ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ
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ﻢﺋﺎﻤﺿ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ
17
...ناﻮﻨﻋ ...
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ﻪﺤﻔﺻ...
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣرد هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ .1
...ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ ...
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لوﺪﺟ بﻮﮑﺷاﺮﯾزو زﺎﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣرد هﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ كﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .2
...ﯽﺘﺧرد ...
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ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣزا ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ .1
...ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ ...
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لوا ﻞ
19
Surname: Mollazadeh Asl Name:Hassan
Title of thesis: Comparative investigation of forage production and diversity of herbaceous species under the forest floor with a semi-dense pastures (without trees) in the forest ecosistem Fandghlo Region of Ardabil
Supervisors: Dr. FarshdKeivan Behjo Cosupervisiors: MSc. GaberSharifi and MSc. ShahamatHedayat Graduate Degree: Master of science(MSc) Major: Range Management Specialty: Rangeland Science University:MohagheghArdabily Faculty: Agriculture and Natural Resources Graduation date: 2014
Number of Page: 109
Abstract
The aim of this study was Comparative investigation of forage production and diversity of herbaceous species under the forest floor with a semi-dense pastures (without trees) in the forest ecosistem Fandoglo Region of Ardabil. Vegetation and soil were sampled at 18 transects and 240 plots (180 plots and 60 plots for the variation of measuring Forage production) Systematic random sampling level, open pasture ( without trees) and under the forest floor in four grades were steep slope
direction. Gradient maps, directions, pasture sloping forest floor were taken. Using the plot of 0/5 by 0/5Mtr parameter Production was given a four-square-meter plots (2 by 2 meters) zero percent canopy cover, percent litter, rocks and gravel And the amount of bare soil were measured. Plant species sampled during the growing season using available resources were identified and to measure the pasture of clipping and weighing method was used to feed. Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness index and Menhinic, Margalef were estimated using the software Past. Comparison of open pasture and forest floor and vegetation parameters related to the characteristics of canopy cover, generated using SPSS software classes geographical gradients and different ways of using multivariate methods Such as analysis of variance analysis and results were extracted. Based on the results obtained in the studied sites (Fandoglo, Nyarq, Shoghaleh daragh) 20 family, 114 genera and 149 species have spread. The amount of open pastures without trees was greater than the amount produced in forest floor And also the values of diversity indices of Simpson and Shannon - Wiener forest floor Shoghaleh daragh area more than other areas studied. Classification of open pasture and forest floor in different geographical orientation classes gradients showed that significant differences exist between them. As well as analysis of variance, the effect of different slope classes in the open pasture and forest floor showed significant differences due to the type of pasture and slope classes as well as interaction effects (except for bare soil) can be seen. Analysis of variance based on soil parameters in open pasture and forest floor 20-0 and 20-40 cm depth of the two-level Significant differences in the effects of grazing and soil, and interaction between these two factors is observed.
Keyword:Diversity, Diversity Index, Fandoglo Region of Ardabil, Forage production
20
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of Rangeland and watershed
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Sc. in Natural Resources Enginearing Orientation of Rang Management
Title:
Comparative investigation of forage production and diversity of herbaceous species under the forest floor with a semi-dense pastures (without trees) in the forest
ecosistem Fandoghlo Region of Ardabil
Supervisor(s):
Farshad Keivan Behjo (Ph. D)
Advisor(s):
Gaber Sharifi (M.Sc.) Shahamat Hedayat (M.Sc.)
By:
Hassan Mollazadeh Asl September – 2014