Post-Covid-19 Tourism Recovery Model based on Virtual Tours Tehran Metropolis

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Post-Covid-19 Tourism Recovery Model based on Virtual Tours Tehran Metropolis

Parisa Beiki ^a, Zahra Safazade aval ^b

a. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

b. Department of Business Management, International Kish Branch- Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran

Abstract

With the widespread outbreak of coronavirus (Covid-19), this industry was more affected by the negative effects than other industries due to its service nature and human communication. So that for a long time all tourism activities around the world stopped. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the main factors affecting the recovery of tourism in the post-Covid-19 era based on virtual tours and finally to present a model for the metropolis of Tehran. The present research is applied and in terms of content and method, is in the category of descriptive- analytical research. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and specialists in the field of tourism and urban planning. The volume of the statistical sample is 148 people which is calculated through Sample power software. SPSS and Smart-PLS software were exerted to analyze the data. The findings of data analysis showed that policies and institutions with a coefficient of 0.884, infrastructure and virtual equipment with a coefficient of 0.652, advertising and information with a coefficient of 0.637, understanding of virtual tours with a coefficient of 0.445, the tendency to visit the destination with a coefficient of 0.364, respectively, have the greatest impact on the recovery of post-Covid-19 tourism. Therefore, it is clear that the criteria under study are interconnected in a chain. It is necessary for managers and relevant officials to continuously focus on the criteria and integrate them to achieve tourism recovery.

Keywords: Tourism, Virtual Tours, Post-Covid-19, Tehran Metropolis, Smart-PLS.

. Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected]) http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2022.341752.1033

Received: 9 April 2022; Received in revised form: 15 June 2022; Accepted: 9 August 2022

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Journal of Urban Tourism, 9(2), 2022

Extended Abstract Introduction

The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the most important and influential events of the 21st century. In fact, the expansion of Covid-19 has weakened the world, and governments worldwide have imposed restrictions such as border closures, social quarantine, flight delays, closure of public places, and so on to prevent its spread. Obviously, all these restrictions have affected the travel and tourism industry the most, a sector that has often operated in its safe environment.

Therefore, what is needed is the use of new approaches to reform the structure and recovery of tourism in the post-Covid-19 era. The use of virtual reality techniques in tourism development has created a new approach to tourism and has designed a virtual visitor. In this regard, we see that most countries active in the field of tourism, realizing the need for the issue, have concluded that they should use new and different methods to maintain contact with customers and tourists. And the remarkable thing is that even famous and well-known destinations have taken a step in this direction and have developed virtual tours to maintain tourist interest. Due to its historical antiquity and various monuments, Tehran is considered an important tourist destination and source of income. But it has not yet been able to establish itself as an active, cohesive, and organized destination, especially at the international level, which the Covid-19 outbreak has exacerbated.

Therefore, this study aims to identify the main factors affecting the recovery of tourism in the post-Covid-19 era based on virtual tours and finally to present a model for the metropolis of Tehran.

-What is the model of tourism recovery in Tehran metropolis in the post-Covid-19 era based on virtual tours?

Methodology

The present research is applied, and in the field of content and method is among descriptive-analytical research. The required information was collected through the library and field method. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and specialists in the field of tourism and urban planning, and the volume

of the statistical sample in this study, due to the use of structural equations, is calculated through the Sample power software and is 148 people. The research questionnaire was provided to seven experts in order to assess its validity and was approved. Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, which was obtained above 0.8 for all items. As a result, it was accepted, and according to the experts, there is no critical overlap between the items. The sampling method is also purposeful (due to the existence of a limited community and the fact that the field of research is also a specialized field, in fact, the researcher sampled in a chain). Then, to analyze the descriptive statistics of the research, SPSS software is used, and finally, to present the tourism recovery model in the post-Covid-19 era based on virtual tours and to analyze the impact of factors on each other, Smart-PLS software was exerted.

Result and discussion

According to the results, it became clear that policies and institutions with a coefficient of 0.884, infrastructure and virtual equipment with a coefficient of 0.652, advertising and information with a coefficient of 0.637, understanding of virtual tours with a coefficient of 0.445, tendency to visit from the destination with a coefficient of 0.364, respectively, have the greatest impact on the recovery of post- Covid-19 tourism. On the other hand, policies and institutions affect infrastructure and virtual equipment with a coefficient of 0.841 and advertising and information with a coefficient of 0.634; virtual infrastructure and equipment affect understanding of virtual tours with a coefficient of 0.470;

advertising and information affect the perception of virtual tours with a coefficient of 0.370, and the perception of virtual tours affect the tendency to visit the destination with a coefficient of 0.701.

Conclusion

Looking at the current situation in the metropolis of Tehran (review of statistics, figures, and field observations), especially in the context of the prevalence of Covid- 19, it can be seen that this metropolis can achieve post-Covis-19 tourism

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internationally and attract tourists in a wide range if its primary focus is on policies and institutions in the form of such factors as legislation, financial and moral support of the government, the integration of relevant institutions and training of specialized personnel, which in turn lead to the strengthening of infrastructure and virtual facilities, and advertising and information as two essential criteria in the recovery of tourism. Subsequently, the ground for understanding virtual tours in the form of perceived ease, perceived usefulness, and perceived pleasure is formed and directly in the tendency to visit the destination in the form of obtaining more information about the destination, interest to visit, experience the destination, and recommend to others.

Therefore, it is clear that the criteria under study are interconnected in a chain. It is

necessary for managers and relevant officials to continuously focus on the criteria and integrate them to achieve tourism recovery.

Funding

There is no funding support.

Authors’ Contribution

All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.

Conflict of Interest

Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

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نﻼﻛ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﻲﻜﻴﺑ ﺎﺴﻳﺮﭘ -1

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺣاو ،يﺮﻬﺷ يﺰﻳر

ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ي

ﻣﻼﺳا دازا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲ

لوا هدازﺎﻔﺻ اﺮﻫز -

ﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﻧﺎﮔرزﺎﺑ ﻲ

، ﺑ ﺪﺣاو ﻴ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻲ ﻛ ﻴ

،ﺶ ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ

، ﺰﺟ ﻳ هﺮ ﻛ ﻴ

،ﺶ ا ﻳ ناﺮ

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻫد رد ﻪ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺮﺗراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ،ﺮﻴﺧا يﺎﻫ .

ﺎﺑ

ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ سوﺮﻳو هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ عﻮﻴﺷ )

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 ( ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ زا ﺶﻴـﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴـﻧا طﺎـﺒﺗرا و ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳا ،

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ .

ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ

تﺪﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ

ﻌﻓ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎ

نﺎـﻬﺟ ﺮﺳﺎﺗﺮﺳ رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ .

ﻪﻏﺪﻏد زا ﻲﻜﻳ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳا يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳا ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻪـﻛ يا

دﻮﺷ جرﺎﺧ ناﺮﺤﺑ زا و هدﺮﻛاﺪﻴﭘ ار دﻮﺧ هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ .

ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فﺪﻫ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﻴﻤﻫ رد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد

نارود ﺎﺴﭘ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮـﺑ يﺎـﻫرﻮﺗ يزﺎـﺠﻣ و ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧرد ﻪـﺋارا لﺪـﻣ ياﺮـﺑ

نﻼﻛ ﺮﻬﺷ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ و

زا ﻪﻄﻴﺣ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ و شور رد هﺮﻣز تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ - ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ يرﺎﻣآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ و نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ هزﻮﺣ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺰﻳر يﺮﻬـﺷ هدﻮـﺑ و

ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ رد ﻦﻳا

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد هﺮﻬﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ زا تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ

،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ زا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا

Sample

power

ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و 148 ﺮﻔﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ

هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

مﺮﻧ زا ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ

يﺎـﻫراﺰﻓا و SPSS

Smart-PLS

هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد

هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺎﻫ

ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪـﻛ داد

يراﺬـﮔ و ﺎـﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ 884 / 0

،

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز و تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 652 / 0

، تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ و عﻼﻃا ﻲﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 637 / 0

، كرد زا يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ يزﺎﺠﻣ

ﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 445 / 0

، ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ زا ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 364 / 0 ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ار ﺮـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزﺎﺑ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ ﺪﻧراد .

او يﺪﻴﻠﻛ نﺎﮔژ :

نﻼﻛ ،ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

Smart-PLS

.

1 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ Email: [email protected]

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

20 / 01 / 1401 يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

25 / 03 / 1401 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

18 / 05 / 1401

http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2022.341752.1033

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ يﺮﻴﮔ سوﺮﻳو ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ نﺮـﻗ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺴـﻴﺑ و ﻢـﻜﻳ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

Akhtar et al., 2021:1)

( ﻪـﻛ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار نﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

(Bulchand-Gidumal, 2022: 1)

. ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ،ﻊﻗاورد -

19

ﺖﻟود و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻌﺿ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ

ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ،نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳﺎﺗﺮﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﻪـﻨﻴﻄﻧﺮﻗ ،ﺎـﻫزﺮﻣ ﻦﺘﺴـﺑ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

هدﻮـﻤﻧ لﺎﻤﻋا نآ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ عﻮﻴﺷ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ار هﺮﻴﻏ و ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻦﻛﺎﻣا ﻦﺘﺴﺑ ،ﺎﻫزاوﺮﭘ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺪـﻧا

Osler, 2020) .(

ﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﺖ

رد ﺐـﻠﻏا ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺸـﺨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ﺮﻔﺳ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖـﺳا هدﻮـﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻦﻣا

(Sharma & Nicolau, 2020)

. ﻪـﺑ

،ﻲﻋﻮـﻧ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ رد

ﻪـﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﺎـﺑ

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19

، ﻦﻴﻣز ﺮﻴﮔ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺑوﺮﻛ 1400

: 2 (.

ﻲﻧﺎـﻬﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ شراﺰـﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻔﺳ 100

% ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ 165

ﺎﺗ 217 ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ) 72 (%

ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ رﻮﻃ

ﻦﻴﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ار ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ

UNWTO, 2020b; OECD, 2020) .(

ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

زا ﺶﻴﺑ يدﻮﺑﺎﻧ و لاوز 150

ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ هزﻮـﺣ

ﻔـﺳ ﺪـﺷ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ و ﺮ

(Yan et al, 2021: 2)

. ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ

ﻲﻣ ترﻮﺻ رد دﻮﺷ ﻪﻣادا

ﻦﻴﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،ناﺮﺤﺑ

ﺎﺗ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا 80

% رد ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﺪـﻘﺘﻌﻣ ناﺮﺴـﻔﻣ زا يرﺎﻴﺴـﺑ و ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ

دﺮﻛ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛا رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ

(El-Said & Aziz, 2021: 2)

.

ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآزا

ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳاﺪﺟ

زا ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا و ﺎﻫرﻮﺸـﻛ زا يرﺎﻴﺴـﺑ تﺎـﻴﺣ و ﺪـﻣآرد

ﻲﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ

ﻲﻣ تروﺮﺿ ﻪﭽﻧآ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ يﺮﻴﮔ

ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ يﺎـﻫدﺮﻜﻳور زا ﻪـﺑ

رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ

رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ حﻼﺻا

ﺖﺳا ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ و .

ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ نآ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ،ور ﻦﻴﻤﻫ زا

و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﺰـﻛﺮﻤﺗ

ﻪﺑ يروﺎﻨﻓ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ

ﻪﺑ و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻣا ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

،هوﻼﻋ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ تﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﻪﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاروآﻮﻧ

يرﻮﻃ

ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛاﺪﻴﭘ قﻮﺳ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻌﻗاو يﺎﻴﻧد رد ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺲﻤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﻏﺮﺗ ﻪﻛ .

ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو

يزﺎﺠﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻮﻧ رﻮﻬﻇ رد ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ نآ رد ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ

يزﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺎـﺑ يﺎـﻴﻧد ﻲـﻌﻗاو

ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ دﺮﻴﮔ . هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ

ﻪﺑ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ دﺎـﺠﻳا

هدﺮـﻛ و

هﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ يزﺎﺠﻣ

ار ﻪﺑ دﻮﺟو هدروآ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ نﺪﻣآ ﻦﻳا

،نﺎﻜﻣا دﺮﻓ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ زا نﺎـﻜﻣ يﺎـﻫ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ زا

ﻞـﻴﺒﻗ

هزﻮﻣ

،ﺎﻫ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﻣ هﺎﮕﺗرﺎﻳز ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ

ﺎﻫ و رﺎﺛآ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ رود زا سﺮﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يزﺎﺠﻣ راﺪﻳد ﺪﻨﻛ ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﻴﺷ 1399

:

158 .(

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ عﻮﻴﺷ زا ﺶﻴﭘ -

19

، هزﻮﻣ

،ﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ثاﺮﻴﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و نﺎﻜﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻗﻼﻋدرﻮﻣ

،ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ

ﻞﻴﻟد

زا ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ سﺮﺗ

ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﻴﺒﺷ يﺎﻴﻧد

يزﺎﺳ

ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ار ﮓﻧﺮﻤﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

هﺪـﻳا ﻲـﭙﻛ و ﺖﻗﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺎﻳ و

ﺎـﻫ ﺘﻧرد

و شوﺎـﻛ ﻪـﺠﻴ

ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا

،ﺎﻫ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ

،دﻮﺷ ﻦﻳﻼﻧآ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺪﻳدﺮﺗ

. ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ و هدﺮﺘﺴـﮔ عﻮﻴـﺷ لﺎـﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ،لﺎﺣ

ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 يﺎﻫﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ، يرﻮﻀﺣ

ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ

يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ سﺎﺳا ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ و لﺎﻜﻳدار

و ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺪﺷ ﺲﺣ . ﻪﺑ ﻊﺒﺗ

رﺎﻜﺷآ ،نآ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ

ﻪﻛ ﺮﮔا ﺶﺨﺑ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺨﺑ

هﺪﻧز

،ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ يروآﻮـﻧ يﺎـﻫ يروﺎـﻨﻓ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ و ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ يراﺬﮔ

،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ

،ﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ 1

ﻲﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﻪﻛ ﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲ

،ﻪـﺋارا و يروآدﺎـﻳ

ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﺛاﺮﻴﻣ رد لﻮﻃ ﻪﻤﻫ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻚﻳ رد و هﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ﺪﻧراد ار ﻊﻴﺳو .

رد لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ نآ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﻳا رد هزﻮﺣ

ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳا ﻪـﺑ ،عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ تروﺮـﺿ كرد ﺎـﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

هﺪﻴﺳر

شور زا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا

طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ و ﻦﻳﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ و ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮕﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﻪـﺘﻜﻧ

ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و رﻮﻬﺸﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا

ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ مﺎﮔ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻧ هﺪﺷ ﻪـﺑ و ﺪﻧا

رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻆـﻔﺣ ﻪـﻗﻼﻋ

،ﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ار

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ هداد ﺪﻧا . ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

،لﺎﺜﻣ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رﻮﭘﺎﮕﻨـﺳ

) 2020 ( ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﺎـﺑ يزﺎـﺠﻣ يرﻮـﺗ

» نﻮـﻨﻛا

ﻨﺳ رﻮﭘﺎﮕ ار ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ هﺪﻨﻳآ رد ،ﺪﻴﻨﻛ

« ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ار دﺮﻛ .

ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يرﺎﻜﺘﺑا رﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ زا

ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ نﺎﻬﺟ

هزﺎﺟا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﺎﺗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ زا ﻦﻳدﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ ﺎﻫ و ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ار ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يزﺎﺠﻣ ﻒﺸﻛ

.ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ياﺮﺑ هﮋﻳو

1. Virtual Tourism

(6)

وا هدازﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﻜﻴﺑ ل

/ نﻼﻛ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

43

لﺎﺣرد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﺖﻴﻤﻫا زا ناﺮﻳا ﻞﺜﻣ يا

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻧاﺪﻨﭼود

ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ

ﻲﻨﻫذ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا

. ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﻳا رد ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و يﺰﻳر

ﻖﻴﻗد يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﻏ رد ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ دﺮﻴﮔ ترﻮﺻ

ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ و ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﻪﺻﺮﻋ رد ﺖﺴﻜﺷ ﺰﺟ يا

ﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ نﺪﺷ ﺮ

هﺮﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ يﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد شور زا يا

هدﺮﺒﻧ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ دراﺪﻧ ،ﺪﻧا

.

نﻼﻛ زﺎﺑﺮﻳد زا

ﻪﺑ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻊﻗاو ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗدرﻮﻣ ،ناﺮﻳا ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ

ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻢﻏر

عﻮـﻨﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

هزﺎﺳ ،ﻦﻬﻛ شزراﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺎﻨﺑ زا

ﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻳدﺎﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ هزﻮﻣ ،ﺪ

،فاﺮﻃا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ طﺎﻘﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻛ

ﺶـﻘﻧ ﺖـﻳﻮﻫ و ﺖﻟﺎﺻا ﻆﻔﺣ رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

هﺪﻧزرا

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺪﻧراد يا

ار دﻮـﺧ هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ زﻮﻨﻫ ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ حﺮﻄﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺪﻣآرد ﻊﺒﻨﻣ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ،لﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد هﮋﻳو

و ﺪﻨﻛ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا طﺎﻘﻧ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓر يدﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ور ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﺮﻬﺷ شزراﺎﺑ .

نﺎﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا

ﺎـﺑ ،ﺪـﺷ هرﺎـﺷا ﻪـﻛ رﻮـﻃ

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ -

19

هﺪﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺎﻫزﺮﻣ نﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و نﻼﻛ ﻪﻛ

زا ﺰـﻴﻧ ناﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﺮﮔا و هدﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺗاﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ

ﺲﻜﻌﻨـﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺮﻳﻮﺼـﺗ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ رد رﻮﺸﻛ زا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻨﻫذ

ﻪﺑ ؛دﻮﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ،ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا

مﻮـﻜﺤﻣ ﻲﺘﺑﺎـﻗر ﻪﺻﺮﻋ رد روﺮﻣ

فﺬـﺣ ﻪـﺑ و هﺪـﺷ

ﻲﻤﻧ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﺣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﻮﺟو تروﺮﺿ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺪﻣ و يﺰﻳر

ﺶﻴﺑ هﮋﻳو ﺖﻳﺮﻳ

ﻲـﻣ ﺲـﺣ ﺶﻴﭘزا

دﻮـﺷ .

دﺮﻜﻳور

نﺎﻤﻫ ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ

،ﻆـﻔﺣ ياﺮـﺑ ار ﻲﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣز ،ﺪـﺷ هرﺎـﺷا ﺮـﺗ

هﺮﺘﺴﮔ رد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ دﺎﺠﻳا و يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ

ﻊﻴﺳو يا ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ

ﻲـﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا ،ﺪﻨﻛ يﺎﺘـﺳار رد ﻲﻠﻣﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ هﮋﻳو

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ .

ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ ،ور ﻦﻴﻤﻫ زا

نﻼﻛ ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد و يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ

ﻲـﻣ ناﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ ﺮﻳز حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﺻا لاﺆﺳ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد دﻮﺷ

:

- زﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ نﻼﻛ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ

؟ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد

ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ رﻮﻃ

،ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ هزﻮـﺣ و عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ و ﻲﻠﺧاد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هرﺎﺷا .

- نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﻴﺷ )

1400 ( ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد

» ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺳا هدﺎﻔﺘ زا ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﺮﺼﻋ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺮﺑ داﺪـﻌﺗ

ﻦﻴﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا

رد هرود ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ « تاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺎـﺑ

يزﺎـﺠﻣ ﺖـﻴﻌﻗاو رد

ﺮﺼـﻋ ﺎـﻧوﺮﻛ ﺮـﺑ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻌﻗاو

رد ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

ﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻧا ﻪـﻛ ﺪ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو رد

ﺮﺼﻋ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ رد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻌﻗاو

رد ﺮﺼﻋ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ

يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ و دراد ﻲﻣ ﺎﻔﻳا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ار تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ و ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﻛ

.

- نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﻗﺎﺑ )

1400 ( فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا و يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ءﺎﻘﺗرا

ﺐﺴﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛو يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و

نﺎﻤﻬﻣ يزاﻮﻧ

رد ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ ار يا

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

» ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ءﺎﻘﺗرا

ﺐﺴﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛو و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ نﺎﻤﻬﻣ

يزاﻮﻧ رد

ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ « ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺋارا و مﺎﺠﻧا .

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ نآ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ءﺎﻘﺗرا

ﺐﺴﻛ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛو زا

هﺎﮔﺪـﻳد

نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ و ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ترﺎﺒﻋ زا ﺪﻧا يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار

،ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا

،ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار

ﻲﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ و يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗر هﺮﻬﺑ مود

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ زا يﺮﻴﮔ

ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳرازﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻦﻴـﺑ رد يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺐﺴﻛ ءﺎﻘﺗرا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛو

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

- ﻲﻧﺎﺧﺪﻤﺤﻣ و ﻲﻌﻴﻄﻣ )

1400 ( رد ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

» ﺶﻘﻧ يروآﻮﻧ و يﺪﻨﻤﺘﻳﺎﺿر رد

ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﻲﻨﻫذ

و ﺪﺼﻗ رد يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ عﻮﻴﺷ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ

« ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ، يروآﻮﻧ و يﺪﻨﻤﺘﻳﺎﺿر رد

ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﻲـﻨﻫذ

و ﺪﺼـﻗ يرﺎـﺘﻓر يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ رد

ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ درﻮﻣ ار ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا و ﺶﺠﻨﺳ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻫذ

ﺖـﺤﺗ

ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا يروآﻮﻧ و ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و يﺪﻨﻤﺘﻳﺎﺿر راﺮﻗ

دراد .

- نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﺿر ﺮﻛﺎﭼ )

» ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد دﺎﺠﻳا ﺲﺣ

،رﻮﻀـﺣ تﻼﻳﺎـﻤﺗ يرﺎـﺘﻓر

و

(7)

ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ ﻘﻣ ﺪﺻﺎ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ «

ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﻞﻜﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺲﺣ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ و

تﻼﻳﺎﻤﺗ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﺲﭘ زا

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يزﺎﺠﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ار نﻮﻣزآ زا يﺮﻴﮔ

ANOVA

ﺪﻧﺪﻴـﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ و

ﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو

يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ود ﺪﻌﺑ ﺲﺣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳدﻮﺧ و

ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ زا

ـﺣ ﺲ رﻮﻀـﺣ ﻲﻳﺎﻀـﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ دراد .

ﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ تﻼﻳﺎﻤﺗ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ و

زا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺲﺣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳدﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ تﻼﻳﺎﻤﺗ يرﺎـﺘﻓر

ﺲﭘ زا ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻲﻣ دراﺬﮔ .

- ﻲﻠﻋ رﺪﺻ و رﻮﭘ )

1398 ( رد ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

» ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ يزﺎﺠﻣ رد ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ و ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻫذ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺧ

ﻲﺟرﺎ رد ﺮﻔﺳ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﻳا

) يدرﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :

ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ (

«

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و يدﺮﮔ بو ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ زا

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ يﺎـﻫ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﺮـﺑ

ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا ﻲﺳﺎﺴـﺣا ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ

يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ دراد

.

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

يﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣا ﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻫذ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ

ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ دراد

ﻲﻟو يدﺮﮕﺑو ﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻫذ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ دراﺬﮔ

.

- نﺎﻣور نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و 1

) 2022 ( فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ﻪﺋارا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يزﺎﺠﻣ

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻧور ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﻔـﺳ رد لﻮـﻃ ناﺮـﺤﺑ يﺎـﻫ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ

،ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا

و ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ار ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،هﺮﻴﻏ

»

ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻲﻣﺪـﻧﺎﭘ نارود رد ﺮﻔﺳ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺪﻧور ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 « ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺋارا ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ سﺎﺴـﺣا دﺎﺠﻳا رد يﺪﻴﻠﻛ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ و

نﺎﻜﻣ زا ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ دراد ﻲﻌﻗاو يﺎﻫ

.

-

ﺰﻳﺰﻋ و ﺪﻴﻌﺴﻟا ) 2

»

فﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ يراﺰﺑا يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ :

يﺎـﻫرﻮﺗ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ

ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ رد يزﺎﺠﻣ «

ﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ لﺪﻣ و يروﺎﻨﻓ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ لﺪﻣ ﻖﻴﻔﻠ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺘﻇﺎـﻔﺣ ماﺪـﻗا يﺮـﻴﮔ

ﺶﻴﭘ رد لﺪﻣ ودﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد و ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ

اد ﻲﻌﻗاو يﺎﻴﻧد و ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ زا ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺲﺣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ در

.

- وراﺪﻳروا نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و 3

) 2021 ( ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻒﺸﻛ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ

راﺪﻳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲـﻌﻗاو عﻮﻴـﺷ ﺪـﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 ﺮـﺑ

كاردا فﺮﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ و رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻳﺮﺧ

ار يا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ

» يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد

نارود ﺲﭘ زا ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ - 19 : يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا يﺎـﻫ راﺪـﻳﺎﭘ

ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ «

ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺋارا و مﺎﺠﻧا .

ﻧ نﻻﻮﺌﺴـﻣ ،ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴـﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ نآ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ

يذ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ءﺎﻘﺗرا و طﺎﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻂﺑر .

-

ﻲﺒﻧ و ﺪﻣﺎﺤﻣ ) 4

2017 ( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد

» ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻚـﻴﻨﻜﺗ

ﺖـﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎـﺠﻣ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻚـﻳ ا راﺰـﺑ ﻲﺗﺎـﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ رد

تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ

يراﺪﻠﺘﻫ رد ﺮﺼﻣ «

ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ يزﺎﺠﻣ

ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ و كاردا ﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ار زا ﺖـﻴﻫﺎﻣ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ

ﺪﺼـﻘﻣ و

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ءﺎﻘﺗرا

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد و ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻚﻳ راﺰﺑا ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﺗرﺪﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻊﻗاو

دﻮﺷ .

ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ رد ود ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻠﺧاد و

،ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺮﺜﻛا تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا ﺮـﺑ

ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﻌﻗاو يﺎﻀﻓ ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ و يرﺎﺘﻓر ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻲﻨﻫذ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ دﺎﺠﻳا رد يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺶﻘﻧ

ﺪـﻧا .

ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ

،سﺎﺳا دﻮﺟو و موﺰﻟ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻤ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ يﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ءﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزﺎﺑ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧرد و ﻲـﻌﻗاو ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ زا ﺪـﻳدزﺎﺑ و يزﺎـﺠﻣ يﺎـﻴﻧد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ

،دزادﺮﭙﺑ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺲﺣ

ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻦﻳا ﺮﻣا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻤﻨﻫار ناﻮﻨﻋ ياﺮﺑ

ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ يﺮـﻴﮔ ﺎـﻫ رد ﺢﻄـﺳ

نﻼﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . زا ﻲﻓﺮﻃ رد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺎﺑ هدوﺪﺤﻣ

،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ

ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻣزرد ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴـﭘ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﻨﻴ

ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ترﻮﺻ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ و

ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ يﺎﻫ دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ و

،ﻲـﺗآ يروﺮـﺿ ﻲـﻣ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧرد

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺎﺑ

ﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺮﺛﻮ

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺋارا

ﻪﺑ ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ و ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﺷور ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ عﻮﻴﺷ نارود رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا -

19 ﻲﻣ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ نآ زا ناﻮﺗ

مﺪﻗ ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ نآ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳا .

1. Roman et al

2. El-Said & Aziz 3. Orîndaruet al 4. Mohamed & Naby

(8)

45

يﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ

،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ

ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا دﺎﺠﻳا

،ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺧﺎـﺳﺮﻳز

،ﺎـﻫ ترﺎـﺠﺗ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ و . رد

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻚﻳ روﺰﻴﻟﺎﺗﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻲﻤﻧ

؛دﻮﺷ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ

تﻻﻮـﺤﺗ و ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻛﺮﺤﻣ

يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ،ﻲﻧﺎﻛدرا نﺎﻳﺪﺳا و دﺮﻓ يﻮﻘﺗ 1395

: 21 .(

ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا ،ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ لﻮﻃ رد ، يروﺎـﻨﻓ

تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا

ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ يﺮﮕﻳد يروﺎﻨﻓ عﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر

ﺪﻨﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا طﺎﺒﺗرا ،مﻮﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ .

،ﻊﻗاورد يروﺎﻨﻓ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ

ﺑ ار زور مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،هﺪﻨﻫدﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻚﻳ ﻪ

ﻲﻣ رﺎﻛ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ دﺮﻴﮔ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا

زﺎـﻴﻧدرﻮﻣ و يروﺮـﺿ ،نﺎﺼـﺼﺨﺘﻣ

ناﺮﮕﺸـﻫوﮋﭘ ،

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد مدﺮﻣ

رد ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ار رد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ نﺎﻣز و ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟو

ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺄـﺗ ﺪـﻨﻛ

) ،ﺶﺨﺒﺣﺮﻓ و ﻲﻧﺎﻳرﻮﭘ 1391

: 236 .(

،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﻳا رد ﺮﻠﺘﺳ لوﺎﭘ

1

ﻪﻛ هدﺮﻛ نﺎﻴﺑ ،

ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ يروﺎﻨﻓ عﻮﻧ

زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺮﻨﻫ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺶﻧاد ﺪﻨﻛ

، ﻲﻣ قﻼﻃا

دﻮﺷ . ،ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﻴـﻓ ﺰـﻤﻴﺟ

2ﻦ ، ار يروﺎـﻨﻓ ﻪـﺑ

ناﻮـﻨﻋ

مﺎـﻈﻧ ،ﺎﻫﺪـﻨﻳاﺮﻓ

،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ،ﺎـﻫ

ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺷور و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧاﺮﻴﻏ و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛوزﺎﺳ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ

ﺎﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ

تﻼﻜﺸﻣ و ﺎﻫ هار ،

ﻞﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ

شزرا و ﻲﻨﻓ

يﺎﻫ

يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ )

،ﻲﻤﻴﻫاﺮﺑا 1392

: 50 .(

ﻮﺴﻤﻫ هزوﺮﻣا ﺎﺑ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

،ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يروﺎـﻨﻓ

تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ﺰـﻴﻧ

ﺎـﺑ

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻲﻧوﺰﻓازور رد

ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز نﺎﺴﻧا ذﻮﻔﻧ هدﺮﻛ و ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲـﻜﻳ زا ﻪـﻔﻟﺆﻣ يﺎـﻫ راﺬـﮔﺮﺛا رد هزﻮـﺣ يﺎـﻫ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ رﺎﻛو ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳآ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﻛ هزوﺮﻣا ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ار ﻲﻤﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ يروﺎـﻨﻓ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا رد

نآ خﻮـﺳر

هدﺮﻜﻧ و زا تﺎﻣوﺰﻠﻣ نآ ﺶﺨﺑ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ دﻮﺸﻧ ) ا و دﺮﻓ يﻮﻘﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﻛدرا نﺎﻳﺪﺳ

1395 : 25 .(

ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺰـﻴﻧ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻲـﺑ تﺎـﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎـﻨﻓ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ و رﻮﻬﻇ تاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ و ﺎﻳاﺰﻣ زا مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

ﺖـﺳا هدﻮـﺒﻧ هﺮـﻬﺑ .

رﻮـﻬﻇ ،ﻊـﻗاورد

يروﺎﻨﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا

،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ار

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ هداد

يروﺎﻨﻓ و ﺖﺳا تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا

و ار تﺎـﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪـﺑ

يﺮﺼـﻨﻋ

ﺿ يروﺮ رد ﺖﻌﻨﺻ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ

ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛ و

ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ

،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا

و

،ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و

تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ هار يرﺎﺠﺗ

و ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ فﺮﺼﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ار لﻮﺤﺘﻣ هدﺮﻛ

(Ali & Frew, 2009: 5) ﺖﺳا .

يروآﻮﻧ ،ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد يروآﻮﻧ

نﺎﻤﻬﻣ يزاﻮﻧ ﺮـﺑ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

يﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ،تﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻖﻳﻼﻋ ،ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ .

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

،لﺎﺜﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﻪﻛ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻞـﻠﻣ ) 2020 ( ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ

،هدﺮﻛ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ عﻮﻴﺷ -3

19 زا فاﺪﻫا ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ راﺪﻳﺎﭘ رود هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا و

ًﺎﺳﺎﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻲﻣ ناﻮـﺗ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ رد فاﺪﻫا را زا ﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ هﺪﻋ ،لﺎﺣ

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ زا يا

و تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎـﻨﻓ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ و ناﺮﻈﻧ

دراد نآ فاﺪـﻫا ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘـﺳد ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧرد و راﺪـﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻲﺸﻘﻧ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا

(Gossling, 2021: 850)

. ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ

ﻪﺑ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروﺎﻨﻓ

ﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻞﭘ دﺎﺠﻳا ياﺮﺑ يراﺰﺑا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻦﻴ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻄﺳاو ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫ

فﺮﺼﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻦﻴﻋرد و ﺪﻨﻛ

قﻮـﺳ يﺮﺘﺸـﻣ ﺖﻳﺎـﺿر ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا دﺪـﺠﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ،لﺎﺣ

ﻲﻣ

(Mistilis et al, 2014: 780)ﺪﻫد .

ﻦﻳارد ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو ،ﻦﻴﺑ يزﺎـﺠﻣ

رد لﺎـﺣ ﺖـﻛﺮﺣ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﻓ يروآﻮـﻧ يﺎـﻫ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ و يﺎـﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ

ﻦـﻓ ياﺮـﺑ

يروآ ﺖـﺳا

Kardong-Edgren,et all, 2019: 30) .(

ﻪﻛ ﻲﻜﻳ زا يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ نآ

رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هزﻮﺣ ﻲﻣ

،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ ﺮﻔـﺳ يزﺎـﺠﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ و ﻲﻠﻤﻜﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﻗاو

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و ﺶﻧاد و ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ار

ﻞﺒﻗ زا ﺮﻔﺳ رد رﺎﻴﺘﺧا داﺮـﻓا راﺮـﻗ ﺪـﻫد

Seifan, Dada & Berenjian, 2019) .(

ﻲﻜﻳ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ زا

يﺎﻫدﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻔﮕﺷ

ﺰـﻴﮕﻧا ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﮔﺎـﺷﺎﻤﺗ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ نﺎﻜﻣا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﺎﺗ نوﺪﺑ كﺮﺗ زا أﺪﺒﻣ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ نﺪﻳد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

. ﻦﻳا عﻮﻧ زا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎـﻛ

يروﺎﻨﻓ ﺎﻫ و ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗاو يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺗ هزﺎﺗ ﻪﭽﻳرد يا

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

هدﻮﺸﮔ دﻮﺷ .

،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـــﺟ نﺎـــﻜﻣ

يﺎـــﻫ ﻞـــﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ سﺮﺘـــﺳد

ﻪـــﻛ ﺮﺸـــﺑ رد يوزرآ ﺖـــﺳد ﻦﺘﻓﺎـــﻳ ﻪـــﺑ نآ

،ﺖـــﺳا ﺪـــﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻦﻤﺿ ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ

يزﺎﺠﻣ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ زا ﻦﻛﺎﻣا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ سﺎﺴﺣ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ رد ﻆﻔﺣ و ﺮﻤﻋ لﻮﻃ نآ

ﺎـﻨﺑ ﺪـﻴﻔﻣ ﻊـﻗاو دﻮـﺷ

1. Paul Saettler

2. James Finn 3. COVID-19

(9)

Manghisi et al, 2018: 190)

.(

يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ،ﻊﻗاورد ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ دﺎﺠﻳا لﺪﻣ يﺎـﻫ يرﺎـﺠﺗ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ و ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ يﺎـﻫ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛا

،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺶﻘﻧ

ﻲﺳﺎﺳا رد يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا

ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻛ يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ زا ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد

لﻮﻃ هرود يﺎﻫ ﺎﻔﻳا ﻲﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

Guha, 2020) (

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ زا ﻦـﻳا ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ ﺎـﻫ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ نﺎـﻜﻣا ﻪـﺑﺮﺠﺗ و

يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ نﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﻜﻣا ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

نﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ و طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ و ﺎﻫ

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎـﺑ

مﻮـﻤﻋ

،مدﺮـﻣ و

ﻪﺋارا ﺖﺻﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫار رﻮﺗ

زا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻪﺋارا يﺎﻤﻨﻫار تﺎﻣﺪﺧ رﻮـﺗ

نﺎـﻣز رد هﺮـﻴﻏ و يزﺎـﺠﻣ

ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺖﻴﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

(Ramachandran et al, 2020)

. هﺮﻬﺑ و ﻖﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻪﭽﻧآ ،سﺎﺳا ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ زا ناﺮﺤﺑ زوﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز رد هﮋﻳو

ﺪﻳوﻮﻛ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ -

19 ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺋارا ،ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

تﺎﻣﺪﺧ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يزﺎـﺠﻣ

ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ هدﺎﻣآ

يزﺎﺳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺨﺳ

،يراﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ

،يراﺰﻓا ﻪﻜﺒﺷ يا و ﻂﺳاو يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ

ياﺮﺑ ﺸﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘ زا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

ﺎﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ

ﻦـﻳارد ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

نﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﻦﻴـﺑ و يراﺬـﮔ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻳ و ﺖﻟود يراﺬﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﻟود ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ و هﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﺪـﻧور ﻦـﻳا هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. زا

ﻬﺳ ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ و كرد ،ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﻛ ،هﺪﺷ كرد تﺬﻟ و ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﻟﻮ

،ﺖﺳا أﺪﺒﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ و ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ ﻲـﻌﻗاو يﺎـﻴﻧد رد يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﻪـﭼﺮﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد ﺰﻴﻧ

ﻲﻣ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .

نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻳا

عﻼﻃا ،تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا هﺪﻨﻫد

و ﻲﻧﺎﺳر

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ

يﺎﻫ

دراد يزﺎـﺠﻣ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ناﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲـﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺮﻴﺴـﻣ ﻞﻴﻬﺴـﺗ ﺖـﻬﺟ رد يزﺎﺠﻣ .

ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ ،ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧرد

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳا ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺑ ،ناﺮﻈﻧ

ﻪﺑ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،نآ ﻊﺒﺗ

دﻮﺷ ناﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ و ﻲﻌﻗاو ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ و ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ،ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

El-Saeid& Aziz, 2021: 7) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﻗﺎﺑ ؛

1400 :

117

Qureshi et al., 2020 ؛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻛدرا نﺎﻳﺪﺳا و دﺮﻓ يﻮﻘﺗ ؛

1395 : 26 .(

ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻛرﻮﻃ و يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﺎﻴﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد يﺎﻫ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ناﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﻣا

،هدﻮﺑ ﻲﻣ ناﻮـﺗ نﺎـﻴﺑ ﺖـﺷاد هزوﺮـﻣا رد

ﺚﺤﺑ

،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ

ـﻳوﻮﻛ عﻮﻴﺷ زا ﺲﭘ هﮋﻳو ﺪ

- 19

شور و ﺎـﻫدﺮﻜﻳور ﺮـﺑ ﺰـﻛﺮﻤﺗ ،

يﺎـﻫ ﻦﻳﻮـﻧ ﺮﻈﻧﺪـﻣ

ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ .

نﺎﻤﻫ و ﻪﺘـﺷاد يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ تﻻﻮـﺤﺗ رد يﺪـﻴﻠﻛ ﺶﻘﻧ يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،ﺪﻣآﺮﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻴﺑدا زا ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ

ﻲﻣ

،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻴﺳو و هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻒﻴﻃ رد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ زور يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ يﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا و

ـﻄﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﺼـﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ حﺮ

ناﺮﺤﺑ زوﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا

ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻜﺷ و ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻆﻔﺣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ياﺮـﺑ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و يﺮﻴﮔ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻌﻗاو يﺎﻴﻧد زا ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ .

ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ نآ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ

ﺪـﻳوﻮﻛ شﺮﺘﺴـﮔ زا ﺲﭘ ﻲﻛﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ -

19

، يﺎﻫرﻮﺸـﻛ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ و ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﺎﺑ ا فاﺮﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا

،عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﻠﺻا دﻮﺧ ار ﺮﺑ

ﻪﺑ و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪـﭼﺮﻫ

ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد يزﺎﺠﻣ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ

ار ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴـﭘ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزﺎﺑ ياﺮـﺑ مزﻻ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳا زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧا

ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ .

يﺮﻣا ﻪﻛ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ لﺎﺣرد

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ناﺮﻳا يﺎﺟ رﺎﻛ دراد و زﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ

و ﻖـﻴﻗد ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ

رد ﺮﺛﻮـﻣ

دراد ﺎﻧوﺮﻛ ﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ يﺎﺘﺳار .

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد رد ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور

ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ هﺮﻣز رد شور و اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ زا و يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ -

ﻲـﻣ ﻲـﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. زا زﺎـﻴﻧدرﻮﻣ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ شور ﻖﻳﺮﻃ

ﺪﻴﻣ و يا ﻊﻤﺟ ﻲﻧا يروآ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا . ﻦﻳﺪﺑ

ﻪﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا رد ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺻ

ﻪﻠﺌﺴـﻣ نﺪـﺷ ﻦﺷور رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻲﻠﺻا يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﺮﺗﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ و ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺚﺤﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ،ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ تاﺮـﻈﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ

ﺐﺣﺎﺻ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ناﺮﻈﻧ

لوﺪﺟ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻪﻣادا رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ يروآ )

1 ( نآ ﻪﺑ ﺷا ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هرﺎ .

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هزﻮﺣ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

ﻢـﺠﺣ و هدﻮﺑ يﺮﻬﺷ يﺰﻳر ﻦـﻳا رد ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮـﻣ يرﺎـﻣآ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ

هﺮﻬﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ زا يﺮﻴﮔ مﺮﻧ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا

راﺰﻓا

Sample power

و ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ 148

ﻲـﻣ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ رﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد نآ ﻲﻳاور ﺶﺠﻨﺳ 7

ﻊـﻗاو ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻣا نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ و نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ زا ﺮﻔﻧ

ﺪﺷ .

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ زا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ

يﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ 8

/ 0 ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧرد و ﺪـﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ

(10)

47

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻣ ،ﺮﻣا نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ لﻮﺒﻗ

ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ

دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ﻲ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور

ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ

)

هزﻮﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ هزﻮﺣ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا و دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻊﻗاورد ﺖﺳا ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ يا

ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا راوﺮﻴﺠﻧز ترﻮﺻ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ (

ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ مﺮﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ راﺰﻓا

ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد و ددﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا SPSS

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﻪﺋارا زا ،ﺮﮕﻳﺪـﻜﻳ ﺮـﺑ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺎﻧوﺮﻛﺎﺴﭘ نارود رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزﺎﺑ لﺪﻣ

مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا

Smart –PLS

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

.

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ

رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ و يراﺬﮔ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ

ـﻟود يﻮـﻨﻌﻣ و ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،يراﺬﮔ

يذ يﺎـﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﮕﭼرﺎـﭙﻜﻳ ،ﺖ

،ﻂـﺑر

ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ يوﺮﻴﻧ شزﻮﻣآ

تﻼﻴﻬﺴــﺗ و ﺖﺧﺎــﺳﺮﻳز يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺖﺨﺳ

و راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ،ﻪﻜﺒﺷ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫراﺰﻓا

يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا

يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ

عﻼﻃا و تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺳر

هﺮﻬﺑ

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ زا يﺮﻴﮔ

ﺖﻳﺎﺳ بو شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ،يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫ

عﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ ﻪـﺋارا ،ﻲﻧﺎـﺳر

ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻨﻴﻟ يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ،ﻖﻴﻗد و زوﺮﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا عﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﺳر

يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺗ زا كرد

ﺪﺷ كرد ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ هﺪﺷ كرد تﺬﻟ ،هﺪﺷ كرد يﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ ،ه

ﺪﺼﻘﻣ زا ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺪﺼـﻘﻣ ﻪـﺑﺮﺠﺗ و ﺪﻳدزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ،ﺪﺼﻘﻣ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺐﺴﻛ

ناﺮﮕﻳد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و نﺎﻣور

) 2022 (

ﺰﻳﺰﻋ و ﺪﻴﻌﺴﻟا )

2021 (

ﻲﺒﻧ و ﺪﻣﺎﺤﻣ )

2017 (

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﻴﺷ )

1400 (

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﻗﺎﺑ )

1400 (

ﻲﻧﺎﻛدرا نﺎﻳﺪﺳا و دﺮﻓ يﻮﻘﺗ )

1395 (

نﺎﺳاور عراز و ﻲﻧﺎﺣور )

1392 (

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ

نﻼﻛ ﺮﻬﺷ ناﺮﻬﺗ

،ناﺮﻳا ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ، ﺮﻈﻧزا

ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ رد

51 ﻪﺟرد و 17 ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ﺎﺗ 51 ﻪﺟرد و 33 ﻪـﻘﻴﻗد لﻮـﻃ يروﺎـﺧ و 35

ﻪﺟرد و 36 ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ﺎﺗ 35 ﻪﺟرد و 44 ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ضﺮﻋ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺖﺳا

.

بآ ﺢﻄﺳ زا نآ عﺎﻔﺗرا

ﻦﻴـﺑ دازآ يﺎﻫ 1800

ﺮـﺘﻣ

ﺎﺗ لﺎﻤﺷ رد 1200

و ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ رد ﺮﺘﻣ 1050

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ بﻮﻨﺟ رد ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و داﮋـﻧ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ 1400

: 84 ( . نﻼـﻛ ﺮﻬـﺷ

ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﻬﺗ ياراد ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ

ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑذ يﺎﻫ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ )

ﻲﺨﻳرﺎـﺗ و ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ (

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻳﻮﺳ زا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ

و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ

ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ زا هﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ و ﻲـﻠﺧاد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ بﺬﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ رد

رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ

ﺖﺳا ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يرﺎﻔﻏ 1400

: 86 .(

ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد تﻮﻗ طﺎﻘﻧ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

نﻼﻛ يﺎﻫ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﻲﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺪﺻ

،ﺪﺳر

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا نآ يﻻﺎﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ

يرﻮﻃ

زا ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ﻒﻴﻃ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ خﺎﻛ

هزﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ غﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪـﺑذﺎﺟ و ﺎﻫداﺪـﻳور ،ﺎﻫ

يﺎـﻫ

،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ

،ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺎﺗ يﺮﻨﻫ

نﺎـﻴﺘﻟ ﺪـﺳ ،لﺎـﭼﻮﺗ ،ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳور

ﻲـﻣ هﺮـﻴﻏ و دﻮـﺷ

) ،يﺪﻤـﺻ و ﻲﻠﻀـﻓ 1400

: 102 .(

ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ

ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ نآ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ،لﺎﺣ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﭼ و ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﭼ

ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﻌﻗاو هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴ�