Determining the theory of planned behavior’s predictive power on university students' positive thinking

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45

... ﻯﺰﻳﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺕﺭﺪﻗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ / ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃﻯﺩﺎﻫ

Hadi Tehrani

Department of health education&

health promotion, Social Determinants of Health research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Elaheh Lael- Monfared

Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Fatemeh Jangi

Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.

Najmeh Aman

Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.

Alireza Jafari

* Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.

(Corresponding Author) [email protected]

Received: 2020/08/22 Accepted: 2021/02/15

Iranian Journal of Health Education & Promotion

Volume 9, Issue 1, Spring 2021

45

Determining the Theory of Planned Behavior’s Predictive Power on University Students' Positive Thinking

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective: One of the eﬀective factors in improving the psychological state of students is positive thinking. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing positive thinking behavior based on the theory of planned behavior in students.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 632 undergraduate students using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Pearson correlation, One-Way ANOVA, Independent samples t-test, linear regression).

Results: The mean (± standard deviation) of positive thinking was 20.28 (± 3.29).

According to the results, 60% of students had high positive thinking, 28% had moderate positive thinking and 2% had weak positive thinking. Results of linear regression showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and positive thinking behavior were able to predict 26% of the variances for positive thinking scale, and constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting positive thinking (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the results, the theory of planning behavior can be used as an appropriate theory for conducting educational and interventions programs in the field of positive thinking. Also, constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting students' positive thinking, and it is necessary to pay more attention to these issues in educational programs.

Keywords: Optimism, TPB, College students, Mental health Paper Type: Research Article.

 Citation (Vancouver): Tehrani H, Lael- Monfared E, Jangi F, Aman N, Jafari A.

Determining the Theory of Planned Behavior’s Predictive Power on University

 Citation (APA): Tehrani H., Lael- Monfared E., Jangi F., Aman N., Jafari A.

Determining the Theory of Planned Behavior’s Predictive Power on University Students' Positive Thinking. Iranian Journal of Health Education & Health Promotion., 9(1), 45-55 . [Persian]

Students' Positive Thinking. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. Spring 2021;9(1):

45-55. [Persian]

Doi: 10.52547/ijhehp.9.1.45

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1400 ﺭﺎﻬﺑ،ﻝﻭﺍﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ،ﻢﻬﻧﺓﺭﻭ ﺩ / ﺖﻣﻼﺳﻯﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍﻭﺖﺷﺍ ﺪﻬﺑﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁﻰﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘﻰﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

ﻩ ﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻜﻳ :ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺮﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻒﺩﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﺮﺩ ﻪﺩﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻯﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ 632 ﻯﻭﺭ ﻰﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ -ﻰﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ) ﻰﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ 22 ﻪﺨﺴﻧSPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺩﺎﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻯﺍ .ﺪﻴﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﺗ ،ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ ،ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،ﺮﺋﻮﻜﺳﺍ ﻯﺎﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ (3/29 ±) 20/28 ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ (ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ±) ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺩ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻯﺍﺭﺎﺩ ﺪﺻﺮﺩ 2 ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺪﺻﺮﺩ 28 ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺎﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﺪﺻﺮﺩ 60 ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺎﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻨﺩﻮﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺮﺩ 26 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﺩ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻪﺩﺷ ﻙﺮﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺩﺷ ﻙﺮﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ .(P<0/001) ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻰﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺩﻣﺁ ﺖﺴﺩﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ :ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﺩ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻡﺯﻻ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺎﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺮﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺩﺷ ﻙﺮﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .ﺪﺩﺮﮔ ﻯﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ،ﻪﺩﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ :ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ .ﻰﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ

ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺮﺩﻗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .4ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،ﻥ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ،ﻑ ﻰﮕﻨﺟ ،ﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻌﻟ ،ﻩ ﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃ :(ﺭﻭﻮﻜﻧﻭ) ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ 

ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍ ﺪﻬﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ .ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺩ ﻪﺩﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﮕﺩﻨﻨﻛ

.55-45 :(1)9؛1400 ﺭﺎﻬﺑ .ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ

ﺭﺎﻬﺑ) .ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ؛ﻪﻤﺠﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ،ﻰﮕﻨﺟ ؛ﻪﻬﻟﺍ ،ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻌﻟ ؛ﻰﺩﺎﻫ ،ﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃ :(APA) ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ  .ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺎﺩ ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺩ ﻪﺩﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﮕﺩﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺮﺩﻗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .(1400 .55-45 :(1)9 ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍ ﺪﻬﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ

ﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃ ﻯﺩﺎﻫ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻯﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻌﻟ ﻪﻬﻟﺍ ﻯﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻰﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻯﺍﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻯﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻰﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻰﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻰﮕﻨﺟ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻰﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ،ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﻤﺠﻧ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻰﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ،ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ * ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ) .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺑﺎﻨﮔ ،ﺩﺎﺑﺎﻨﮔ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ (ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ [email protected]

1399/06/01 :ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭ ﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 1399/11/27 :ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ

(3)

... ﻯﺰﻳﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺕﺭﺪﻗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ / ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃﻯﺩﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻯﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺍﻭﺪﻴﻣﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﮔﮋﻳﻭ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ .(1)ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻰﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺞﻴﻴﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻝﺰﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻯﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻟﺎﺣ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻰﺘﻗﻭ .(2)ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .(3)ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺁ ﻰﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ،ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ .(4)ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ .(2)ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻯﺩﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ ،ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ،ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻜﻳ .(5)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ،ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻰﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻯﺩﺎﺷ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﻈﻋﺍ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻤﻬﺳ ﮓﻨﺟ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻯﺮﮕﻧ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻡﺩﺁ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ،ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﺴﻛ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ .(6)ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻯﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻙﺍﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ .(7)ﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻯﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﻨﺒﻣ ﻰﻠﻛ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻰﻋﻮﻧ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺪﺑ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺏﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ

ﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ،ﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ .(8)ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺍﺯﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺸﮔ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ،ﻦﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﻪـﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ﻰﺤﻄـﺳ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻥﺁ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻰـﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻯﺍﺮـﺑ ﻰﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ،ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻯﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮕﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻟﺎﻌﻔﻧﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻦﻴﺑﺪﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ .(9)ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﻧ ﻰﺋﮋﺟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ﺵﺮﻜﻔﺗ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(10)ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻯﺍﻭﺰﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .(11)ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻯﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ .(13 ,12 ,2)ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺸﻛﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻰﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .(17-14)ﺖﺳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ءﺰﺟ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .(18)ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻯﺩﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(19 ,18)ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻯﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ،ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻊﻧﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻯﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻯﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ .(20)ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ

(4)

ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ،(21) ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻰﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻰﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻰﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺕﺰﻋ ﻯﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﺎﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻯﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ 632 ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ 1397 ﺮﻔﻧ 632 ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 80 ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 95 ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ) ﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻴﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ (ﻯﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ -ﻰﻨﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻰﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻯﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻜﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻯﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻰﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻰﺒﺘﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻗﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻯﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ .ﺩﻮﺑ (ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ) ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺗﻻﺍﻮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

ﻰﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻰﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻰﻤﻴﻤﺻ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ :^١ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻰﻳﺎﺗ 5 ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 21 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻢﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﺻﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ 4 ﺯﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻰﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﻢﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ :ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ) ﻪﻳﻮﮔ 8 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ،(ﻡﻮﺷ ﻰﻤﺴﺟ ﻯﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ :ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 3 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ^٢ﻰﻨﻫﺫ 4 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ^٣ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ،(ﻢﻨﻛ ﻯﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻔﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻟﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺨﺳ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ :ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 4 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ،(ﻢﺷﺎﺑ ﺶﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻢﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺱﻼﻛ ﺮﮔﺍ :ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺱﻼﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﺪﻘﭼ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﻤﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 2 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ (؟ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮔﺭﺎﻛ /ﺎﻫ ﺱﻼﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ (ﻡﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻰﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻰﻳﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ (15) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻞﻛ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻯﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﻭ 0/73 ،0/6 ،0/67 ،0/84 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻰﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/91 ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ :(^۴ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ)ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 10 ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ^۵ﺭﻭﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺮﻳ ﻰﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 1994 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 3 ،ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 3 .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ 4 ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﺪﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

1. Theory of planned behavior 2. Subjective norms

3. Perceived behavioral control 4. Life Orientation Test - Revised 5. Scheier & Carver

(5)

... ﻯﺰﻳﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺕﺭﺪﻗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ / ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃﻯﺩﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻰﻗﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﻮﺳ 6 ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻯﺍ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ (ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ،ﻡﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻯﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻢﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ،ﻢﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ)ﻰﻳﺎﺗ 5 ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻰﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻰﻳﺍﻭﺭ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ .(22)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻰﻳﺍﺪﺧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

SPSS ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ :ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ ،^٢ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،^١ﺮﺋﻮﻜﺳﺍ ﻯﺎﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ 22 ﻪﺨﺴﻧ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (^۵ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻭ ^۴ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﺗ ،^٣ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ 0/05 ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﺠﻣ ﻭ (٪ 65/9) ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 73/5) ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ 1 ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .(P<0/05) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ .(P<0/05)ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻭ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ 60 ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ .(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 28 ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 2 ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

1. chi-square (χ2)

2. Pearson correlation coeﬃcient 3. One Way ANOVA

4. Independent Samples- t test 5. Linear regression

.(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ)ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻯﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ (ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ±) ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،(2/64)136/66 ،(2/24)11،(5/14)30/45 ،(3/29) 20/28 ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .(2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺩﻮﺑ (1/71) 5/33ﻭ (2/66)13/42 ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻯﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ .(P<0/001) ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ (r =0 /491) ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ .(r =0 /456)ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ .(2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ 34 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .(3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ)ﺩﻮﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 23 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .(4 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) (P<0/001) ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 26 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ .(5 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) (P<0/001)ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ

(6)

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﺭﺩﻚﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻣﺩﻯﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻰﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ :1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧﻰﻨﻫﺫﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫﻩﺪﺷﻙﺭﺩﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛﺪﺼﻗﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻰﻨﻴﺑﺵﻮﺧﻞﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ (ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ)

ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ (ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ)

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﻰﻨﻌﻣ

ﻰﻨﻌﻣﺢﻄﺳ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ) *ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﺩﺮﻣ(5/19) 29/42 0/001(2/29) 10/63 0/002(2/77) 13/54 0/41(2/80) 13/00 0/003(1/90) 5/25 0/412(3/60) 19/94 0/042(34/1) 214 ﻥﺯ(5/06) 30/98(2/19) 11/21(2/58) 13/72(2/56) 13/56(1/59) 5/37(3/10) 20/49(65/9) 413 * ﻞﻫﺄﺗﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭﺩﺮﺠﻣ(4/98) 30/46 0/913(2/27) 10/96 0/482(2/69) 13/69 0/863(2/66) 13/38 0/790(1/76) 5/27 0/282(3/16) 20/29 0/997(73/5) 456 ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ(5/59) 30/40(2/19) 11/10(2/53) 13/65(2/67) 13/44(1/56) 5/44(3/58) 20/30(26/5) 164 ﺮﺩﭘﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ***

ﺩﺍﻮﺴﻴﺑ(5/06) 29/54 0/582

(2/54) 10/24 0/239

(2/60) 13/42 0/096

(2/12) 13/24 0/171

(1/57) 4/74 0/036

(3/22) 19/76 0/570

24 (3/9) ﻭﻢﻠﭙﻴﺩ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ(5/05) 30/36(2/17) 11/01(2/70) 13/48(2/70) 13/27(1/71) 5/24(3/18) 20/20395 (63/6) ﺯﺍﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﻠﭙﻴﺩ(5/37) 30/58(2/34) 11/05(2/52) 13/97(2/70) 13/27(1/69) 5/53(3/52) 20/42202 (32/5) ﺮﺩﺎﻣﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ***

ﺩﺍﻮﺴﻴﺑ(4/48) 29/94 0/646

(2/14) 10/48 0/179

(2/32) 13/86 0/163

(2/36) 13/34 0/929

(1/60) 5/16 0/465

(3/28) 20/43 0/444

(7/9) 49 ﻭﻢﻠﭙﻴﺩ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ(5/12) 30/41(2/16) 11/01(2/73) 13/53(2/68) 13/46(1/67) 5/29(3/23) 20/17(68/4) 425 ﺯﺍﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﻠﭙﻴﺩ(5/47) 30/71(2/50) 11/17(2/43) 14/00(2/75) 13/39(1/83) 5/46(3/44) 20/56(23/7) 147 * ﺮﺩﺎﻣﻞﻐﺷﺭﺎﺩﻪﻧﺎﺧ(5/03) 30/39 0/518(2/20) 10/98 0/600(2/70) 13/61 0/274(2/61) 13/38 0/416(1/66) 5/23 0/007(3/19) 20/30 0/806(80/7) 507 ﻞﻏﺎﺷ(5/60) 30/75(2/42) 11/10(2/33) 13/90(2/85) 13/60(1/82) 5/72(3/68) 20/21(19/3) 121 * ﺮﺩﭘﻞﻐﺷﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ(5/13) 30/46 0/846(2/22) 10/98 0/876(2/68) 13/70 0/786(2/75) 13/32 0/244(1/70) 5/25 0/182(3/08) 20/33 0/595(54/4) 337 ﺩﺍﺯﺁ(5/21) 30/38(2/29) 11/01(2/59) 13/65(2/57) 13/58(1/73) 5/43(3/49) 20/19(45/6) 282 ﻪﺑﺪﻨﻣﻪﻗﻼﻋ * ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ

ﻪﻠﺑ(4/78) 30/79 0/034(2/18) 11/02 0/097(2/61) 13/79 0/010(2/62) 13/55 0/206(1/66) 5/33 0/702(3/22) 20/46 0/573(91/6) 434 ﺮﻴﺧ(6/95) 28/33(2/53) 10/41(3/04) 12/65(3/02) 13/00(1/83) 5/22(3/08) 20/16(8/4) 40 ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺩﺩﺎﺩﻌﺗ ***

3ﺯﺍﺮﺘﻤﻛ(5/05) 30/53 0/528

(2/37) 11/02 0/183

(2/67) 13/58 0/914

(2/73) 13/56 0/435

(1/78) 5/31 0/198

(3/21) 20/23 0/457

(42/7) 238 8ﺎﺗ4(4/41) 30/86(2/04) 11/29(2/62) 13/67(2/62) 13/23(1/67) 5/15(3/06) 20/58(36/4) 203 8ﺯﺍﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ(5/92) 30/21(1/97) 10/84(2/72) 13/56(2/76) 13/34(1/72) 5/52(3/79) 20/19(20/8) 116 ﻪﻓﺮﻃﻚﻳﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ** ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻰﺗﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ*

(7)

... ﻯﺰﻳﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺕﺭﺪﻗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ / ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃﻯﺩﺎﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ :2ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ

ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺪﺼﻗ

ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ

ﺵﺮﮕﻧ 1

30/45 5/14

8-40

ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ

*0/431 1

11/00 2/24

3-18

ﻪﺩﺷ ﻙﺮﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ

*0/434

*0/166 1

13/66 2/64

4-20

ﺪﺼﻗ

*0/486

*0/276

*0/491 1

13/42 2/66

4-20

ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ

**0/096

*0/155

*0/247

*0/446 1

5/33 1/71

2-10

ﻰﺸﻴﺩﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ

*0/456

*0/188

*0/416

*0/280

*0/048 20/28

3/29 6-30

P<0/05 ** ،P<0/001*

ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ :3ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ B

SE Beta

t P-value Adjusted R

Square F

P-value

ﺵﺮﮕﻧ 0/154

0/020 0/296

4/46 0/001

0/34 107/661

0/001 0/012 7/53 0/091 0/043 0/108 ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ

ﻪﺩﺷ ﻙﺮﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ 0/350

0/036 0/347

2/52 0/001

ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ :4ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

SE Beta

Square F

P-value

ﺵﺮﮕﻧ -0/073

0/0155 0/221

-4/975 0/001

0/23 47/206

0/001 0/009 2/627 0/102 0/030 0/078 ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ

0/027 0/090

2/164 0/031

ﺪﺼﻗ 0/309

0/028 0/481

2/164 0/001

(ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ) ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ :5ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

SE Beta

Square F

P-value

ﺵﺮﮕﻧ 0/215

0/028 0/336

7/607 0/001

0/26 46/037

0/001

ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ 0/007

0/056 0/005

0/125 0/900

0/051 0/282

6/907 0/001

ﺪﺼﻗ 0/002

0/057 0/001

0/030 0/976

ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ -0/107

0/075 -0/055

-1/422 0/156

(8)

ﺚﺤﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 34 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻢﻫ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻰﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺩﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ،(23)ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .(24)ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 41 ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻳﻮﻗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ^١ﻥﺍﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻰﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺑﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ٪10 ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻯﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .(25) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ^٢ﻒﻜﻴﻨﺗﻮﻠﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .(26)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻰﺘﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 39 ﺰﻴﻧ (27)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ^٣ﺱﻮﺴﻳﺮﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻯﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺯﺍ 0/40 ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .(28)ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺘﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .(29)ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﻯﺮﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻯﻮﻗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺼﺘﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻰﺘﺨﺳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻰﺑﻮﺨﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻚﻳ ﻯﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ (30)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﺨﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻯﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ

1. Moan 2. Plotnikoﬀ 3. Hrisos

ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻰﻣ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 22 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻳﻮﻗ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ^۴ﺲﻴﺘﻧﺍﺭﺎﺴﻳﺰﺗﺎﭼ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ (31)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ .(32)ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻯﻮﻗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻯﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ .ﺖﺳﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﺩﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭﺍ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻰﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻯﻭ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻨﻛﺭﺩ ،ﻰﻣﻮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ (33).ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 26 ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ^۵ﻚﭙﻴﻟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻯﺎﺠﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ .(34)ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻰﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻰﮔﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻰﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻚﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻠﻋ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺵﻮﺧ ﺩﺮﻓ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺪﻨﻴﺒﺑ ﻯﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺷﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ

4. Chatzisarantis 5. Lippke

(9)

... ﻯﺰﻳﺭﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻰﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘﺕﺭﺪﻗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ / ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻰﻧﺍﺮﻬﻃﻯﺩﺎﻫ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻳﻭﺭﺎﻳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻯﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﺍﺭ ﻯﺩﺮﻓ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻰﺗﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺎﺘﻣ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻯﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻰﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻰﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ (ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ) ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻯﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻯﻮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻴﺒﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺗ ﻯﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻰﻌﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻩﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻞﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ،ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻯﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﻨﻫﺫ ﻯﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺵﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍ .(29)ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻯﺩﺮﻓ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﻰﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻰﻧﺍﻭﺭ-ﻰﺣﻭﺭ

ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻰﻫﺩ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔﺩﻮﺧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻊﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻯﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻰﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻰﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺼﻗ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ،ﺪﺼﻗ ،ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻰﻳﻮﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻰﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻰﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻯﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ :ﻯﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻰﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻯﺭﺎﻳ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻯﺰﻳﺰﻋ .ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ :ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺏﻮﺼﻣ ﻰﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﻰﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﻪﻳﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ

IR.THUMS.REC.1396.35ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﻰﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ

References

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Western journal of nursing research. 2013;35(8):1074-93.

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2. Matel-Anderson DM, Bekhet AK. Psychometric properties of the positive thinking skills scale among college students. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2019;33(1):65-9.

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