The Effect of Arousal Levels during Different Learning Stages on Eye-Hand Coordination Task Performance in Physical Education Students Mehdi Rahimzadeh

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The Effect of Arousal Levels during Different Learning Stages on Eye-Hand Coordination Task Performance in Physical Education Students

Mehdi Rahimzadeh¹^ , Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni ² , Mehdi Shahbazi³

1. Corresponding Author, Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

3. Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

29 May 2021 Received in revised form:

4 November 2021 Accepted:

19 December 2021 Published online 21 December 2022

Keywords:

arousal, associative, autonomous, cognitive, tracking skill.

Background: In previous studies, the effect of arousal on performance has been investigated. However, whether arousal during learning stages affects bimanual coordination has not been investigated. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effect of arousal levels during different learning stages on the performance of the hand-eye coordination task.

Methods: For this purpose, 36 male physical education students aged 20-35 were conveniently selected and based on normal IQ, normal trait anxiety, and right- handedness, were matched into three Low Arousal, Normal Arousal, and High Arousal groups. The study involved pre-test, post-test, retention, and transfer stages. In the pre-test stage, the participants performed 10 trials of the eye-hand coordination task. The training period consisted of 10 sessions and 50 trials per session, in which at the end of each session 10 trials were recorded as performance.

The retention and transfer tests were performed 24 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance, one- way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc tests.

Results: The results of the present study showed that high, normal, and low arousal levels have a significant effect on the duration of the eye-hand coordination task during the cognitive, association, and automatic stages, and also the time of the eye-hand coordination task was improved.

Conclusion: according to the results of the study, it is suggested that educators use these arousal stimulation effects to improve the performance and learning of athletes in pursuit tasks.

Cite this article: Rahimzadeh, M., Tahmasebi Boroujeni, S., & Shahbazi, M. (2022). The Effect of Arousal Levels During Different Learning Stages on Eye-Hand Coordination Task Performance in Physical Education

Students. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning, 14 (3),25-40.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/jmlm.2021.324664.1582

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

One of the important psychological factors affecting performance is arousal. Arousal is defined as a person's level of physical activation and intensity of behavior. In previous studies, the effect of arousal on performance has been investigated. However, whether arousal during the learning stages affects eye-hand coordination has not been examined.

Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of arousal levels during different learning stages on the execution of the eye-hand coordination task.

Methods

The type of current research, according to the anticipated goals, was quasi-experimental cross-sectional research. This study has a 3-groups × 4-stages research design. the present research population consisted of all male physical education students of the University of Tehran who were studying in 1998. Thirty-six of them were conveniently selected and were randomly divided into three groups of (12 people in each group) Low Arousal, Normal Arousal, and High Arousal.

participants were right-handed (with eye and right-hand superiority), with normal IQ (110-90), and with normal trait anxiety (24-17). Vienna Test System (VTS) was used to evaluate eye-hand coordination. In the pre-test phase, the participants performed 10 trials of the eye-hand coordination task. The training period consisted of 10 sessions and 50 trials per session. at the end of each session, 10 trials were recorded as performance. The retention and transfer tests were

performed 24 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc tests.

Results

The results of the present study showed that high, normal, and low arousal levels have a significant effect on the duration of the eye-hand coordination task during the cognitive, association, and automatic stages, and also the time of the eye- hand coordination task was improved. The results showed that in the cognitive stage, there was a significant difference between the Low Arousal group (P<0.0001), Normal Arousal group (P<0.0001), and High Arousal group (P=0.002). In the cognitive stage, Low Arousal (23.17), Normal Arousal (23.56) and High Arousal (23.96) groups performed the task for shorter to greater time, respectively. In the association stage, there was a significant difference between Low Arousal and High Arousal groups (P=0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between Normal Arousal and High Arousal groups (P<0.0001). In the association stage, Low Arousal (15.08), Normal Arousal (15.11), and High Arousal (16.14) groups performed the task for shorter to greater time, respectively. In the automatic phase, there was a significant difference between Low Arousal and High Arousal groups (P<0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between Normal Arousal and the High Arousal group (P<0.0001). In the automatic stage, respectively, Low Arousal (8.00), Normal Arousal (8.27), and High Arousal (9.31) groups performed the desired task for a shorter to greater time, respectively.

Table 1. Mix ANOVA in Eye-Hand Coordination Time

degree of freedom F significance level eta square

Stage 1.15 620.5 0.0001 0.995

Group 2 27.33 0.0001 0.624

Stage*Group 2.31 4.41 0.0001 0.211

Conclusion

In general, the results of this research showed that high and low levels of arousal affect the duration of the eye-hand coordination task and people with low levels of arousal completed the desired task in the shortest possible time, so according to the results of the study, it is suggested for educators to use these arousal stimulation effects to improve the performance and learning of athletes in pursuit tasks.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines: This article is extracted from the thesis of the first author and it was approved by the scientific committee (Motor Behavior and Psychologydepartment) of the University of Tehran.

Funding: The present study received no financial support from any organization.

Authors’ contribution: Data collection, data analysis, and drafting of the manuscript by Mehdi Rahimzadeh. Design, data analysis by Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni (Supervisor), and Conception and design of the study by Mehdi Shahbazi (Advisor).

Conflict of interest: Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments: We gratefully thank the staff of the motor behavior laboratory in the Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health.

In addition, we appreciate the participants helping us in this study.

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ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

لﻮﻃ ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺖﺳد

يﺪﻬﻣ ﻢﯿﺣر هداز

1

، 

ﯽﻨﺟوﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻤﻬﻃ داﺰﻬﺷ ،2

يزﺎﺒﻬﺷ يﺪﻬﻣ

3

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، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ :

@gmail.com 52

mehdirahimzadeh

2 هوﺮﮔ . ﺘﮐﺮﺣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﯽ و ﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﯽ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ [email protected]

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ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

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:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 13

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ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

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، يرﺎﮐدﻮﺧ

، ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يدﺮﮕﯿﭘ ترﺎﻬﻣ، .

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ا ا ﺎﯾآ ﻪﮑﻨﯾ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧ د لﻮﻃ ر

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ﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮ ﺮﯿ

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ﻠﺣﺮ ﮥ ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ

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ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺒﺛ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻣ

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ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ شور ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧا

هزا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻠﺤﺗ ،يراﺮﮑﺗ ﻞﯿ

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ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ : ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﮕﻧاﺮﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿ

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، ﻋاﺪﺗ ﯽ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دراد رﺎﮐدﻮﺧ و ﯿ

ﻦ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻣز ﺗ

ﻒﯿﻠﮑ ﻫ ﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤ ﯽ

دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﺳد و ﻢﺸﭼ ﯾ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎ .ﺖﺳا

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و ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي رد نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻒﯿﻟﺎﮑﺗ

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دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ﻢﯿﺣر هداز

، يﺪﻬﻣ ؛ ﯽﻨﺟوﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻤﻬﻃ

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ﯾ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎ

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،(

25-40 .

2021.324664.1582 jmlm.

/ 10.22059 DOI:http://doi.org/

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷﺎﻧ

،ناﺮﻬﺗ . ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ© .ن

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

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،لﺎﺣ شزرو ﺎﻫ ي

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ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ناور ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ رد شزرو ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺪﻧراد و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ار ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻫد ) ﮓﻨﯿﻨﯾاد و ﻦﺗ

، 2015 ( . ﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا

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، ﻪﮑﻠﺑ رد ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ناور

ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻣ تﻼﮑﺸ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺑور ﻪ ور ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

) ﺖﺴﯾﻮﮐﺪﻧﻻ ،

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. ﮕﻧا ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﯽ لﺎﻌﻓ

ﺮﻌﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر تﺪﺷ و دﺮﻓ نﺪﺷ ﯾ

ﻒ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )

ﮔو گﺮﺒﻨﯾو ﻮ

ﺪﻟ

، 2010 (.

اﯾ ﻦ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯿ

ﺖ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﻓ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾﮑ ﯽ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﻣ ،ﺐﻠﻗ ﯿ ناﺰ ﻧاﻮﻟﺎﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ﯿ

ﮏ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﯿ

ﺖ ﺰﻐﻣ جﻮﻣ ي ﺖﺳا ) ﺲﯾرﻮﻣ ﻮﺘﻨﭼرﺎﻣ

، 2004 ( و . ﯾ گﺮﺒﻨ ) ﺪﻟﻮﮔ و 2010 ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ( ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ

» ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﯾ

ﮏ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﻓ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﻧاور و ﯽ ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽ ﻤﻋ باﻮﺧ زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯿ

ﻖ ﻫ ﺎﺗ ﯿ نﺎﺠ ﺪﺷ ﯾﺪ ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ .«

ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد

ﮕﻧا ﻪﮐ ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻮﺤﻧ ة رﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نآ كرد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ناﻮﺗﺎﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯾﺎ ﻬﺴﺗ ﯿ ﻞ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ا ي ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد )

و ﺲﻧﻮﺟ ﻦﯾﻮﺳا

،

1992 ( ﺢﻄﺳ . ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ

زور لﻮﻃ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ

، ﺣ رد ﺎﻣا ﯿ ﻦ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺘﺴﺧ باﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ )

و ﻞﯿﭘﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﮑﺑ

ﻦﯿﺘﺷا

، 2012 (،

ﯾﺎ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺧ ﻤﺴﺟ ﯽ ) و ﺖﯿﻤﺷا ﺮﺗاﻮﺴﯾﺮﺑ

، 2020 ( حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ﭘﯿ ﺶ هﺪﻧور ﻏ و ﯿ ﻄﺧﺮ ﯽ ﺎﺑ تﺪﺷ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﺢﻄﺳ

ﮕﻧا ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ ﺸﻘﻧ ﯽ ﺳﺎﺳا ﯽ ﺪﻌﺗ رد ﯾ ﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺗ ﻬﺴ ﯿ ﻞ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و دراد نﺎﮑﻣا ﯽﻫﺎﮔ دراد

ﺧﺮﺑ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ زا ﺮﻓ اﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ

دﻮﺷ )8 - 11 ( . تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺶﯾاﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ اﺮﺟا و ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻦﯿﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا صﻮﺼﺧ رد

ﺮﻈﻧ ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ :ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮ

ﻮﯾ ﻪﻧوراو

،نﻮﺳداد و ﺲﮐﺮﯾ) 1908

دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ اﺮﺟا ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ .دراد هرﺎﺷا اﺮﺟا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﮥﻨﯿﻬﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ( ﻣ

ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ

، ﮥﻄﻘﻧ ﺎﺗ ﯽﻟو

خر اﺮﺟا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا زا ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد نآ زا ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺮﮔا . ﻄﻘﻧ

ﮥ ﻒﯿﻌﺿ اﺮﺟا دور ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ﻮﺷ د ) ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻠﯿﭙﺳا ، 1996 ( ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ .

1

لﺎﻫ كرﻼﮐ) ،2

1943 ضﺮﻓ ار ﯽﻄﺧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا و اﺮﺟا ﻦﯿﺑ ( ﻣ

ﯽ ﮐﻨ ﺪ،

ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ طوﺮﺸﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐاﺮﺟا

ﻪﺑ زاﺪﻧا ة ﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮ

ﺲﻨﭙﺳا وا لﺎﺳ رد3

1966 ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾا .داد شﺮﺘﺴﮔ هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻒﯿﻟﺎﮑﺗ ياﺮﺑ ار ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾا ﭘﯿ

ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ

،اﺮﺟا ﻪﮐ ﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﮥ رد ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ﺶﻨﮐ

تدﺎﻋ=اﺮﺟا] ﺖﺳا تدﺎﻋ

× ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ار تدﺎﻋ و ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ار ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ،لﺎﻫ .[ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺳرد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺖﺴﻧاد ) ﺞﺳ

،

3 199 ( ﻦﯿﻧﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﮥﻨﯿﻬﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ .

4 ) 1980 نﺎﯿﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ( ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا زا ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﮥﻨﯿﻬﺑ طﺎﻘﻧ ياراد داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ

ا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا زا ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ تﺎﺟرد رد اﺮﺟا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ قﺮﻓ داﺮﻓ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ) و ﺪﻨﻠﮐاو ﺪﻟﻮﮔ نﻮﺴﮑﺟ

، 1993 ( . سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻌﺟﺎﻓ ﮥﯾﺮﻈﻧ

ﺪﻨﭼ ناور سﺎﻨﺷ رد ﺎﯿﻧﺎﺘﯾﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ يدرﺎﻫ

5 ) 1988 ( ار نآ ﺎﺑ اﺮﺟا و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ،ﺪﻧدﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﻨﺑ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ

» ﻪﻧوراو ﻮﯾ

« ﻂﻘﻓ ﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﯽ ﻪﮐ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐاﺮﺟا دراد طﺎﺒﺗرا ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻨﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ياراد

) ﺞﺳ

، 1993 ( ﻪﭼﺮﮔا لﺎﺣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ . ﺮﻈﻧ

ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻫﺪﺷدﺎﯾ ياراد

ﮕﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ﻨﺘﺴﻫ

ﺪ تﻮﻗ طﺎﻘﻧ و يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ

ﺮﮐذ دﻮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ار هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧا

، زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ

يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نوﺪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ

هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻧا . ا رد ﺑد ﯿ تﺎ ناور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ا ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﻄﺑار ﮥ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ناور

ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﺷزرو دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و

هداد ﺪﻧا تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا و ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﻦﯾا رد

،ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ناور

ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻬﺟ رد

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ )

ﺲﮐﺎﮐ

، 1998 ( ﻖﺒﻃ . ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺎﻫ ي يﺪﯿﺑ و6

ﻦﯿﻟ و يﺮﺗ )

2000 ( ا درﻮﻣ رد ﯾ ﻪﮑﻨ ﺑﯿ ﻦ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

ﻪﻄﺑار ا ي ،دراد دﻮﺟو فﻼﺘﺧا

ﺮﻈﻧ دراد دﻮﺟو .

ﺎﯾﺮﯿﺳ درﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و7

2021 رد ( ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ا ي اﺮﺑ ي

ﻧا ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕ ﻻﺎﺑ

و ار ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ رد ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽ نﺎﺴﻧا رد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ

ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يرﺎﺘﻓر زا

1 . Drive theory

2 . Clark Hull

3 . Spence

4 . Hanin

5 . Hardy

6 . Beedie

7 . Ciria

(5)

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا تﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻤﺼﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ

، ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻻﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رﺎﺘﻓر مواﺪﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ هداد

ﺪﺷ . ﻦﯾا ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ يﺪﻫاﻮﺷ زا يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ

ﻤﺼﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ رد ﺮﻫ فﺮﻃ ود ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻮﯾ ﻪﻧوراو ار ﻪﺋارا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي توﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ رد دﺎﺠﯾا دﺮﺒﻫار ﺎﻫ ي راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻣ ﯽ دراﺬﮔ ) و ﺎﯾﺮﯿﺳ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2021

( ردﻮﯾ و ﻦﺴﻟﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .

1

) 2019 رد ( ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﮕﻧا ﺢﻄﺳ ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا و تﺎﭘ

ﻒﻠﮔ ﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻨ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ . ﺳﻮﻣ كﺮﺤﻣ

ﯿﻘ ﯽ ﺮﺑ

ور ي هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺛﺄﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﯾ

ﻦ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ار دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯾ

ﻦ اﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز ي ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ تﺎﭘ ﻒﻠﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻧداد ا . ﯾ ﻦ

ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺮﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯾ

ﮏ اﻮﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ي

اﺮﺑ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿﺪ مﺎﺠﻧا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ جوا ﺮﯿﮔ

د )

،ردﻮﯾو نﻮﺴﻟﺎﭘ

2019 (.

هوﻼﻋ ﺎﯿﺑآ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2018 رد ( ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿ تاﺮ ﺳﻮﻣ ﯿﻘ ﯽ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧادﻮﺧ ﯽ و ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺮﺑ

رد ﺮﺑرﺎﮐ زﺎﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ي و ﯾﺪ ﯾﻮ ا .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ

ﯿﺮ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ

ﯾ ﺞ عﻮﻧ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ

ﺶﺨﭘ هﺪﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ)

(ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻔﻃﺎﻋ تﺬﻟ ﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﭘ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ

ﯽ زﺎﺑ ﯾ نﺎﻨﮑ ﺳﻮﻣ كرد و ﯿﻘ

ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ دراد )

،ﺲﮐورﺎﮐ و ﺎﯿﺑآ 2018

( . ،درﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻣا نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ

رد

ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زرا

ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﮕﻧا دﺪﺠﻣ ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ رد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

و داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ زرا هوﺮﮔ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ دﺪﺠﻣ

ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺒﻠﻗ ﺶﻨﮐاو

ﯽ ﻗوﺮﻋ ﯽ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﺗ ي نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺪﻧداد و ﻪﺑدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺲﻔﻧ شراﺰﮔ ار لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ

،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﻣا ﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽ

يﺮﺛا ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ) و ﯽﻣﺎﺳ

(.

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رد

تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

ﻓ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﯽ

ﻧاور و ﯽ - ﺘﮐﺮﺣ ﯽ رد

اراد داﺮﻓا ي ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﭘ و ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﯿﯾ

ﻦ و ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺘﻧ

ﯾ ﺞ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا

ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﭘ باﺮﻄﺿا ﯿﯾ

ﻦ ﺮﻫ رد ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

) درﺎﻧﺮﺑ 3

و

( . نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ رد ﺰﯿﻧ

ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ زا ﯽﻟﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯾﺎﭘ

ﮥ ﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﮥ

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ،دﻮﺑ اﺮﺟا هوﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ار نﺎﺷدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ،ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ةﺪﺷ ﺎﻣا .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺛ ،دﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز

ر ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا ﺮﯿﻏ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ا

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺪﺷ ة دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ اﺮﺟا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ راد ي ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد .

و ﺖﺳا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐاﺮﺟا

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺤﻣ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ رد ﻻﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﻂﯿ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ،دراد )

و يﺪﺣﻮﻣ

(.

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ درﻮﻣ رد حﺮﻄﻣ

هﺪﺷ ﻘﺤﺗ رد تﺎﻘﯿ هﺪﺷدﺎﯾ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﮑﻨﯾا لوا . ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ

ﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا

ﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ نآ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ و ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﮏﯾ رد اﺮﺟا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﯾ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ .دﻮ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر ﻄﺑار ﮥ

ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ة ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻮﺧو ﻌﺗ شزرو عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ عﻮﻧ و ﺪﯾ

ﻞ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ) ﺲﮐﺎﮐ ، 1998

؛ ﯿﺑ و يﺪ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ

، 2000 (.

ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺴﺟ و رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ يﻮﺟ ﺎﭘﯾ

هﺎﮕ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺎﻬﻣ

تر ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زﻮﻨﻫ يدﺮﮕﯿﭘ ﺪﺸﻧ

ه ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺑ

رد ﯽﺳرﺮ

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ تروﺮﺿ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﻪﮑﻨﯾا مود ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﺎﯾ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو )

ﺲﯾدﺎﯿﺟروﺎﺠﯾﺰﺗﺎﻫ ﺲﯿﻧﻻﺎﮔ و

، 2017 ( يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ .دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ دراد

ﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ . :ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ (ﻒﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يﺮ

رد هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا

ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﺳا هزﺎﺗ

، ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻣﻼﮐ ﯽ دراد ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و

؛ :(ﯽﻋاﺪﺗ) ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ (ب رد

ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﯽﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا اﯾ

دﺎﺠ

ﺪﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ

، ﯽﻣ فﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ .دﻮﺷ

ﺮﻣ ﻠﺣ ﮥ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻞﺒﻗ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﺑﺎﯾ و ﻪﺑدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﺲﻔﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ .دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻣ ار ترﺎﻬﻣ ياﺮﺟا ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار .دزﻮﻣآ

رد ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ

دﻮﺷ و ارﺎﮐ ﯽﯾ ﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ تﺎﮐﺮﺣ دور

؛ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ (ج

هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ :يرﺎﮐدﻮﺧ ﺲﭘ

دراو دﺎﯾز ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ زا ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﻣ يرﺎﮐدﻮﺧ دﻮﺷ

. رد ترﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻧ و ﻞﮐ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ﮏﻔﻨﻣ ﯽﯾاﺰﺟا

ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻣ اﺮﺟا ﻢﻫ ﺮﺳ ﺖﺸﭘ و يداراﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ يور ﺮﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ نﺎﮑﻣا دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻟﺎﻋ يﺎﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ

ﮏﯿﺘﮐﺎﺗ ﯽﻣ ار يزﺎﺑ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار و ﺎﻫ يرﺎﺘﻔﮔدﻮﺧ .ﺪﻫد

رد ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،دور

ﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯿ رد هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ ،ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

و ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ترﺎﻬﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺤﻣ

ﯿ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻣ ﺮﺤﺒﺘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ دﺮﻓ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و دﻮﺷ

ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ) و ﺖﯿﻤﺷا

،ﺮﺗاو ﺲﯾﺮﺑ

1 . Paulsen & Yoder

2 . Abia

3 . Barnard

(6)

2020 ( ﺖﺴﺟ ﺎﺑ . و

رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ يﻮﺟ ﺎﭘﯾ

هﺎﮕ ﺎﻫ ي ﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﮏﯾ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ لﻮﻃ رد ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﺸ

ﺮﺛا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳا ه

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ تروﺮﺿ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺖﺳد و ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ يدﺮﮕﯿﭘ ترﺎﻬﻣ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ لﻮﻃ رد ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا حﻮﻄﺳ

.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺳد–

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ هﺪﺷ

، زا عﻮﻧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ

ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃ ل نﺎﻣز ياﺮﺟا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ زا ﻮﻧ ع

ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ و ﻪﺑ ظﺎﺤﻟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺑ ﻪ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ

، يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ دﻮﺑ . ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ–

نﻮﻣزآ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا

حﺮﻃ .

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ لوﺪﺟ رد ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺷ 1

ﻪﺋارا ﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳا ه

لوﺪﺟ 1 ) ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ . ﺴﻠﺟ

ﮥ (نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﺗ لوا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا

زور) ﻢﻫدﺰﯿﺳ (

يراددﺎﯾ زور) ﻢﻫدﺰﯿﺳ (

ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ

زور) ﻢﻫدزاود (

بﺎﺴﺘﮐا زور) مﻮﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻢﻫدزاود (

ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ

(2 زور) لوا ﮥﺴﻠﺟ

ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲــﭘ ﮥﻠــﺻﺎﻓ

ﯽﻧﺎــــﻣز 24 زا ﺖﻋﺎــــﺳ

ﻦﯾﺮــﺧآ ــﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ،ﯽــﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

داﺮــﻓا زا لﺎــﻘﺘﻧا نﻮــﻣزآ ﻪــﺑ ﻦــﯾا ﻪــﺑ .ﺪــﻣآ ﻞــﻤﻋ رد داﺮـــﻓا ﻪـــﮐ ترﻮـــﺻ يدﺮـــــﮕﯿﭘ ﻒـــــﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ -

د ﺖـﺳ

ﻪﮐ

ًﻼﺒﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺎـﻧ ﺎـﻫ ي

هداد مﺎــﺠﻧا ﺎــﻨﯾو هﺎﮕﺘـﺳد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ

، زا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا نﻮﻣزآ رد

ﻮﺟ ﮏﯿﺘـــﺴﯾ ياﺮـــﺑ ﺎـــﻫ

يدﺮــﮕﯿﭘ ﺮﯿــﺴﻣ ندﻮــﻤﯿﭘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ و تازﺎـﯿﺘﻣا

ياﺮـــــﺟا زا ﮏـــــﯾﺮﻫ

ﻧدﻮــﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎــﻫ ﻪــﺑ ترﻮــﺻ

نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ اﺮﺟا .ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ

ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲــﭘ ﮥﻠــﺻﺎﻓ

يراددﺎـــﯾ 24 زا ﺖﻋﺎـــﺳ

ﻦﯾﺮــﺧآ ﮥــﺴﻠﺟ ،ﯽــﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا زا يراددﺎﯾ نﻮﻣزآ ياﺮــﺑ .ﺪــﺷ هدروآ ﻞــﻤﻋ يراددﺎــﯾ نﻮــﻣزآ ياﺮــﺟا ﻒـﯿﻠﮑﺗ ياﺮـﺟا ﻪـﺑ داﺮﻓا ﭘ ﺘﺧادﺮ ﺪــــﻨ تازﺎــــﯿﺘﻣا و

نﺎﺸﯾاﺮﺟا ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ تﺪﻣ

.ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ اﺮﺟا نﺎﻣز

نﺎــــﯾﺎﭘ رد رود

ة

) ﯽــــﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ 500

داﺮـﻓا زا (ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ترﻮــﺻ ﻦــﯾا ﻪــﺑ ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ

ﻧدﻮــﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎــﻫ 10

ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ مﺎـﺠﻧا و ﺪــــــــــﻧداد نﺎــــــﺸﺗازﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻪﺑ ترﻮـﺻ تﺪـﻣ

نﺎﻣز اﺮـﺟا ﺖـﺒﺛ

.ﺪﺷ

ﻞـﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶـﺷﻮﮐ ﺎـﻫ رد ﺣﺮﻣ ـﻠ ﮥ

بﺎــﺴﺘﮐا 500 ﻪــﮐ دﻮــﺑ ﺶــﺷﻮﮐ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ ي ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ترﻮـﺻ 10

ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ 50 .دﻮـﺑ ﯽـﺸﺷﻮﮐ

ﻪـــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ر ـــﯾ ﺰ ي نورد ﯽـــﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ا ي مﺎـﺠﻧا ترﻮـﺻ ﻦـﯾا ﻪـﺑ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ 5

كﻮـﻠﺑ

10 ﻒــﯿﻠﮑﺗ ﻦﯾﺮــﻤﺗ ﻪــﺑ ﯽــﺸﺷﻮﮐ

ﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻨ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻧدﻮـﻣزآ ﺮﻫ ﯽ رد

هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ دﻮﺧ 10 رد ﺶﺷﻮﮐ

يﺎﻬﺘﻧا ـﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺗ داد مﺎـﺠﻧا ﯽـﻨﯾﺮﻤ

نﺎﺸﯾاﺮﺟا تازﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻪﮐ ﻪـﺑ

ترﻮـﺻ

و ﻒــﯿﻠﮑﺗ ياﺮــﺟا نﺎــﻣز تﺪــﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ نآ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ـﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﯽـﻨ

.ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﯽﻘﯿـﺳﻮﻣ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا) ﺞﯿﻬﻣ ﮕﻧا و ﯿ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ

ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ مارآ ﺶﺨﺑ (ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا

ﻪـــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦـــﯾا رد ـــﻤﻫ

ﮥ

ﻧدﻮــﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎــﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ

ود اﺪـــــﺘﺑا رد ﺮـــــﺿﺎﺣ ندﺮـــﮐ مﺮـــﮔ ﺶـــﺷﻮﮐ ﻧا ﺪــﻧداد مﺎــﺠ

، ﺲﭙــﺳ 10

ﻒــــﯿﻠﮑﺗ زا ﺶــــﺷﻮﮐ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮـﻣ ﺪــﻧداد مﺎــﺠﻧا ار

ﻪـــــﮐ ﻪـــــﺑ ناﻮـــــﻨﻋ

ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ ﺮـﻈﻧ رد دﺮـﻓ

زﺎﯿﺘﻣا و ﺪــﺷ ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ يﺎــﻫ

دﺮــﻓ ياﺮــﺟا ﻪــﺑ

ترﻮــﺻ

ﺖــﺒﺛ اﺮــﺟا نﺎــﻣز تﺪــﻣ .ﺪﺷ

ﻞﯿﻤﮑﺗ [گﺮﺑ ﺎﺿر ﯾ ﺖ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ

ﻂـــﺳﻮﺗ ﻧدﻮـــﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎـــﻫ ،

ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎــﻫ ي ﺖــﺳد

باﺮﻄــﺿا ،ﺖــﻧآ يﺮــﺗﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﺎـــــــﻗر وSCAT

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ـﻫ شﻮ

زا ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺲﭙــﺳ ﻧدﻮــﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎــﻫ ﺎــﺑ

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ياﺮﺟا ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا و ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎــﻫ ي

ﻦﯾﺮــﻤﺗ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮــﻣ ﺎﻨــﺷآ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﺴﭘ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﮐ

رد ﻧﯿ لﺎﺴﻤ مود 97 - 98 ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥ ﺣ

ﺮﺿﺎ ﮑﺸﺗ ار ﯿ ﻞ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧداد . داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺎﻫ ي تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ

،ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ 12 ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا حﻮﻄﺳ زا هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا

، ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ 36

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺖﺳار ﺮﺗﺮﺑ اراد) ي ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ي ﻢﺸﭼ و اراد ،(ﺖﺳار ﺖﺳد ي

ﺮﻬﺑ ة ﺷﻮﻫ ﯽ ) لﺎﻣﺮﻧ 90-110 و (

ﺘﺑﺎﻗر باﺮﻄﺿا ﯽ

) لﺎﻣﺮﻧ 17-24 ( شور ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يرﺎﻣآ ﺪﺷ

.ﺪﻧ

(7)

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

راﺰﺑا

ﻠﮑﺗ ﯿ ﻒ ﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺗﻮ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﯽ ﻢﺸﭼ - ﺖﺳد

زا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻨﯾو راﺰﺑا ﺶﯾﺮﺗا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ1

ياﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ -

ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﺖﺳد ﭘﯿ

ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ ، ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا و يراددﺎـﯾ ،بﺎـﺴﺘﮐا ،

ﺎﻔﺘﺳا .ﺪﺷ هد نﻮﻣزآ ﭘﯿ دﺮﮕ ي ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮏ ﻠﮑﺗ ﯿ ﻒ ﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺗﻮ ي ﺖﺳا . ﻃ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ تﺪﻣ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﺑﯾ ﺪ ﺴﻣ ﯿﺮ ﭘﯿ دﺮﮕ ي ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ ار ﻃ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ .

رد نﻮﻣزآ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ

، ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ردﺎﻗ دﺮﻓ ﻢﺸﭼ

- ﺖﺳد ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا دﻮﺧ ﯽﻃ

ﺪﻨﮐ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،هﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧورد ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ .

ﻢﺸﭼ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺖﺴﺗ -

) ﺖﺳد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺘﺳدود

ﯽ ﻦﯿﺑ ( 85 /0 ﺎﺗ 97 /0 رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ صﻮﺼﺧ

كﻼﻣ ﯽﯾاور ﻪﺋارا

هﺪـﺷ ﻞـﮑﺗوﺮﭘ رد

ثرﻮﯿﻧ و ﺮﻧرﺎﮐ ،ﺎﻨﯾو هﺎﮕﺘﺳد

2 ) 2000 ) يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ياراد ﺖﺴﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ( 50

/0

= ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺎﺑ (R ﺖﺳا

.

نﻮﯾر شﻮﻫ نﻮﻣزآ

ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺮﻬﺑ ة ﺷﻮﻫ ﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ زا

ر نﻮﻣزآ ﯾ نﻮ ﺠﻨﺳ3

ﯿ هﺪ ﺪﺷ آ. نﻮﻣز ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﯾ ﺲ ﺎﻫ ي ﭘﯿ ﺶ هﺪﻧور ر ﯾ نﻮ ﯽﮑﯾ زا نﻮـﻣزآ ﺎـﻫ ي ـﺷﻮﻫ ﯽ ﻏ ﯿﺮ ﮐ ـﻣﻼ ﯽ

.ﺖﺳا اﯾ ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ اﺮﺑ ي نﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ اراد

ي 60 لاﺆﺳ ﻮﺼﺗ ﯾﺮ ي ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺳ ﺆ لا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 6 ﺎﺗ 8 ﺰﮔ ﯾ ﻪﻨ اﺮﺑ ي ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ

ﻦﯾا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻋاﺰﺘﻧا لﻻﺪﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ دﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻪﺑ

وﯾ هﮋ اﻮﺗ ﺮـﻫ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ تﺎـﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺮﺑ نﺪﻣآ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﯽﯾﺎﻧ لاﺆـﺳ

ﯽـﺳﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻧاﻮـﻗ ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،

ﻪﺑ ةﺪﻧروآدﻮﺟو ﺎﻬﻧآ

نآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ .ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ﺖﺳرد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ تﻻاﺆﺳ

ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ زا نﺎﺳآ ﻪﺑ راﻮـﺷد ـﻈﻨﺗ ﯿ ﻢ هﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳا . رد

ﺎﭘﯾ نﺎ نﻮﻣزآ دﺪﻋ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ ﻪﮐ ﺮﻤﻧ ة شﻮﻫ دﺮﻓ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ياﺮﺟا نﺎﻣز نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا

45 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺖﺳا ) ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺣر . 1386

نﻮـﻣزآ (

ار نآ ﯽﯾﺎﻣزآزﺎﺑ شور زا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾرﺎﺠﻨﻫ ار قﻮﻓ 91

/0 ار نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﯾاور و 73

/0 شراﺰﮔ ﺮﮐ هد ﺖﺳا ) و يﺮﺒﮐا

،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﯾﺎﻗآ 2010

(.

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﯽ

4

اﯾ ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ 15

لاﺆﺳ ﺖﺳا ار دﻮﺧ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ دﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ درﻮﻣ رد

زا ﯽﮑﯾ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺎﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺰﮔ

ﯾ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻗوا ﯽﻫﺎﮔ ،ﻢﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ،ت

وا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ تﺎﻗ .

ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻠﺻا دراﻮﻣ 1

ﺎﺗ 3 و دراد هﺮﻤﻧ 5

بذﺎﮐ ﻢﻫ درﻮﻣ ﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴ ﻪﮐ هﺮﻤﻧ راﺬﮔ ي ﻤﻧ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺐﺴﮐ .

ﺮﻤﻧ ة 17 ﺎﺗ 24 نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺑ

ﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﮥ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ةﺮﻤﻧ ،باﺮﻄﺿا يدﺎﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ 24

نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ةﺮﻤﻧ و ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﭘ

ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺗ زا 17 نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة

زا ﯽﻨﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ نادﺮﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا رد هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .ﺖﺳا باﺮﻄﺿا

6/

22 نﺎﻧز ياﺮﺑ و 74

/ 19 راﺰﮔ ﺗ ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ش ﺄ

ﯽﯾاور ﺪﯿﯾ

ﻦﯾا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ زا ﻦﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻈﻧ زا

ﺪﺷ زا ﺲﭘ و لﺎﻤﻋا

ﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧ ي ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮐ ﯾﺎﭘ .

ﯽﯾﺎ ﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎ ﻢﻫ

86 /0 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻣآ ) ﻞﮔ يﺪﻤﺤﻣ

، و يﺮﻈﻧ

،ﯽﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ 1392 ( .

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ ﺖﻧآ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺖﺳد ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ي ﺖﻧآ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ5

12 لاﺆﺳ ﺖﺳا . ﺮﻫ لاﺆﺳ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻘﻣ ﯿ سﺎ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ا ي هﺮﻤﻧ راﺬﮔ ي ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ ﻪﮐ

اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﻫ لاﺆﺳ

، ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺖﺳد ﺖﺳار ﯾﺎ ﭗﭼ ﺳﺮﭘ ﯿ هﺪ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ و ﺎﺳاﺮﺑ س ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ هﺮﻤﻧ راﺬﮔ ي ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺮﻤﻧ ة 2 +

اﺮﺑ ي ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﺖﺳد ﺖﺳار رد مﺎﻤﺗ

،ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﺮﻤﻧ ة 1 + اﺮﺑ ي ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﺖﺳد ﺖﺳار رد ﺐﻠﻏا

،دراﻮﻣ ﺮﻤﻧ ة ﺮﻔﺻ اﺮﺑ ي مﺪﻋ ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ رد ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي

ﺖﺳد ﺎﻫ هداد ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ اﺮﺑ ي ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﺖﺳد ﭗﭼ رد مﺎﻤﺗ دراﻮﻣ 2 - و ﺮﻤﻧ ة 1 - اﺮﺑ ي ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﺖﺳد ﭗﭼ رد ﺐﻠﻏا دراﻮﻣ هداد ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

ﻨﻣاد ﮥ ﻠﮐ ﯽ تاﺮﻤﻧ زا 24 - اﺮﺑ ي ﭗﭼ ﺘﺳد ﯽ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺗ 24 + اﺮﺑ ي ﺖﺳار ﺘﺳد ﯽ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿﺮ ﺖﺳا . ﺻﺎﺨﺷا ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺮﻤﻧ ة 9 + ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ رد نﻮﻣزآ

1 . Vienna

2 . Karner & Neuwirth

3 . Raven IQ test

4 . Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)

5 . Annetts hand preference questionnaire

(8)

ﺐﺴﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

، ﺖﺳار ﺖﺳد و ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﯾ ﻪﮐ تاﺮﻤﻧ رد ﻨﻣاد ﮥ 8 + ﺎﺗ 9 - ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺑﯿ ﺪﻧروﺎ

، نوﺪﺑ ﺟﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺢ ﺖﺳد ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ي (ﻂﻠﺘﺨﻣ) ﺎﻬﻧآ و ﯽﯾ ﻪﮐ 9 - ﯾﺎ

ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻧروآ

، ﭗﭼ ﺖﺳد ﻘﻠﺗ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻦﯾا ﯽﯾاور ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

80 /0 نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و 86

/0 ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ه ) ﯽﻘﺗ هداز

، و ﺮﻔﺸﻧاد

،ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺷ

1392 (.

ﺳ نﻮﻣزآ ترﺎﮐ رد ﯽﺧارﻮ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺧارﻮﺳ ﯽ رد ﮐ ترﺎ اﺮﺑ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .ا ﯾ ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ اراد ي ترﺎﮐ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﻠﮑﺷ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻌﺑا د 25 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ و ﺎﺑ ﺧارﻮﺳ ﯽ ﻪﺑ

ﺮﻄﻗ 5 /0 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺎﻫ 2 رﺎﺑ ﻓﺪﻫ ﯽ ار رد ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ 2 ﺮﺘﻣ ي هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ و ﻢﺸﭼ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﻮﻣزآ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ

) ﯽﻘﺗ ﻔﺸﻧاد ،هداز ،ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺷ و ﺮ

1392 (.

تراﺰﺗﻮﻣ ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ

تراﺰﺗﻮﻣ ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ زا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا1

، ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛا ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺗ ﮓﻨﻫآ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ

لﺎﻤﻋا تراﺰﺗﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﻧادا ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﮐ ﮓﻨﻫآ و تراﺰﺗﻮﻣ يﺎﺳا وﺮﮔ لا ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ ﺪﺷ

) ﺰﻧﻮﺟ ، و ﺖﺳو

،ﻞﺘﺳا

2006 (.

اﺮﺟا شور

رد اﺪﺘﺑا ﮥﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﺿر ﯾ ﺖ ﻣﺎﻧ ﮥ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ نﺎﮔ ﺪﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺲﭙﺳ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ

و ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿﺮ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑﯾ ﺪ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ

، زا ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ هدروآ ﻞﻤﻋ .

ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ

، ترﺎﺒﻋ

:زا ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ ،ﺖﻧآ يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

ﮥ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر باﺮﻄﺿا نﻮﻣزآ و ترﺎﮐ رد ﯽﺧارﻮﺳ نﻮﻣزآ ،SCAT

ﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا رد .نﻮﯾر ﯽﺷﻮﻫ ةﺮﻬ

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ي ﺖﺳد ﺖﻧآ زا ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ و

داﺮﻓا ﺖﺳار ﺖﺳد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

، رد ﻪﻣادا ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا نﻮﻣزآ ارﻮﺳ ﺧ ﯽ رد ترﺎﮐ

ﻢﺸﭼ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ و داﺮﻓا ﺖﺳار ﺮﺗﺮﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ . ﻪﻣادا رد ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺘﺑﺎﻗر نﻮﻣزآ و ﯽ ﺮﻬﺑ

ة ﺷﻮﻫ نﻮﯾر ﯽ زا اﺮﻓا د ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ آ ﺪﻣ و

داﺮﻓا جرﺎﺧ ﻨﻣاد زا ﮥ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ جرﺎﺧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .

رد ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ ﺲﭘ زا ﺮﮕﻟﺎﺑﺮﻏ ي داﺮﻓا سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي

،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ود

مﺮﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ﮐ

ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا ندﺮ

، ﺳ ﺲﭙ

ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ 10 رد ﯽﺸﺷﻮﮐ ﻠﮑﺗ

ﯿ ﻒ ﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﯽ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺖﺳد – ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻣآ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺒﺛ زا ﺲﭘ ﭘﯿ

ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ زا ﯽﺗاﺮﻤﻧ

تﺪﻣ رد اﺮﺟا نﺎﻣز ﻪﮔﺮﺑ

ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﭘﯿ

ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ .ﺪﺷ عوﺮﺷ بﺎﺴﺘﮐا و ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ ، رد

اﯾ ﻦ ﺨﺑ ﺶ داﺮﻓا دراو ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﻧﺪﺷ ﯽ ﺪ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ ي ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ا ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ترﻮﺻ دﻮﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﮐ 10 ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﯽ 50 ﺸﺷﻮﮐ ﯽ ار ﻪﮐ رد زور ﺮﻫ ﮏﯾ

ﺖﺑﻮﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ، ﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

ﮥﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ

10 مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ﻣ

ﯽ داد ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﻠﮐ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻓ

ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ نآ رد دﺮ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ

)

،زدراودا 2010 (.

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ ي ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾ ﻦ رد ﺮﻫ ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﯽ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ترﻮﺻ دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ داﺮﻓا رد هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺧ اﺪﺘﺑا ود ﺶﺷﻮﮐ مﺮﮔ ندﺮﮐ ار مﺎﺠﻧا هداد

،

ﺲﭙﺳ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻤﺗ كﻮﻠﺑ ﯾﻨ

ﯽ 10 ﺸﺷﻮﮐ ﯽ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧداد . رد ﺎﭘ ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﻫ ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﯽ 10 زا ﺶﺷﻮﮐ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ

ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻣآ ﻪﮐ

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﮥﺴﻠﺟ نآ رد دﺮﻓ ﯽﻠﮐ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻪﺑ

رد ﻒﯿﻠﮑﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ زا ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﮔﺮﺑ

ﺎﻫ ي نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﺒﺛ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭘ زا

ﺎﭘﯾ نﺎ رود ة ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﯽ ﻧﯿ ﺰ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﯾ راددﺎ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ي ﺎﺑ

ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ نﺎﻣز 24 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺧآ ﯾ ﻦ ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾﻨ ﯽ زا ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻣآ . رد ﻃ ﯽ

اﺮﺟا ي ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ

، نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي

،بﺎﺴﺘﮐا ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﯾ راددﺎ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ي ﺘﻣا

ﯿ زﺎ اﺮﺟا ي داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻌﻣ ﯿ رﺎ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ اﺮﺟا

و ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ﺖﺒﺛ ﺪﺷ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد . نﻮﻣزآ

ﺎﻫ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ، يﺎﻫ ﺮﻫ رد دﺮﻓ مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا سا.سا.ﯽﭘ.سا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ رادﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ

زﺎﯿﺘﻣا يﺎﻫ دﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ

1 . Mozart