Effect of Psychoeducational Forgiveness Program on Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents

Effect of Psychoeducational Forgiveness Program on Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents

Farshad Lavafpour Nouri¹,

Kianoush Zahrakar²,

Somayeh Omara³,

Zahra Azarhoush Fatideh⁴ Abdolrahhim Pourshojaei⁵,

Nafiseh Azarhoush Fatideh⁶

1 MA in Family counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran,

Iran

3 MA Student in General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

4 MA in School Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran 5 MA in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University,Science and Research Branch,

Ahwaz. Iran

6 MA Student in Family counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

(Received November 26, 2014 ; Accepted April 5 , 2015)

Abstract

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Forgiveness Education in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school girls.

Material and methods: A semi-experimental study was conducted with pretest-posttest design and including a control group. The research sample involved 30 high school girls in grade 10 in Saravan, 2014. To collect the data, TRIM-18, DAS-21, and a demographic questionnaire were used. The participants were divided into control group and experimental group. After performing pretest, the students in experimental group participated in Forgiveness Education Program. Posttest was administered to both groups at the end of intervention. Data was then analyzed using one-way ANCOVA.

Results:Statistical analysis showed that Forgiveness Education has led to significant decrease in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion: Forgiveness Education can be used effectively for adolescents in school settings.

Finally, implications for research and therapy were provided.

Keywords: Forgiveness, depression, anxiety, stress

J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(123): 191-196 (Persian).

ﺠﻣ ـــ ﻠ ــــ ﻧاد ﻪـ ـ ــﺸ ـ ﻋ هﺎﮕـ ـــ ﻠ ــــ مﻮـ ﭘ ــــ ﺷﺰ ــ ﻜ ـ ﻣ ﻲـــ ــــ ﻧزﺎ ـــ ـ ـ نارﺪ

هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ 123

ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ لﺎﺳ 1394 ) 196 - 191 (

هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ

ا ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲﻧاور ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓ

نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ سﺮﺘﺳا و ،باﺮﻄﺿا

يرﻮﻧرﻮﭘ فاﻮﻟ دﺎﺷﺮﻓ 1

رﺎﻛاﺮﻫز شﻮﻧﺎﻴﻛ

2

اﺮﻣُا ﻪﻴﻤﺳ

3

هﺪﻴﺘﻓ شﻮﻫرذآ اﺮﻫز

4

ﻲﻋﺎﺠﺷرﻮﭘ ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ

5

ﻪﺴﻴﻔﻧ هﺪﻴﺘﻓ شﻮﻫرذآ 6

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ و : باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ سﺮﺘﺳا و

ﺖﺳا ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ناﺮﺘﺧد رد .

شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

: نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ حﺮﻃ زا نآ رد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ عﻮﻧ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ -

لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ و نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺔﻧﻮﻤﻧ 30

لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ار ناواﺮﺳ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻢﻜﻳ ﺔﻳﺎﭘ ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺮﻔﻧ 1393

ﻞﻴـﺼﺤﺗ لﺎـﺣ رد

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺔﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا يرﺎﻛﺎﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يدﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ

)

TRIM-12

( باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ،

سﺮﺘﺳا و )

DAS-21

( دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ و ، .

و ،لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ و ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ هوﺮـﮔ ود ﻪـﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شرﺎﻤﮔ زا ﺪﻌﺑ

ﺲﭘ ياﺮﺟا ﻲﻃ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،نﻮﻣزآ

12 ﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺪﺷ اﺮﺟا ﺶﻳ

. هوﺮـﮔ ود ﺮـﻫ زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻮﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ هداد : ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻫار

. ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد سﺮﺘﺳا و ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ شزﻮﻣآ .

جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ : يﻮـﺤﻧ ﻪـﺑ نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ياﺮـﺑ ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

دﺮﻴﮕﺑ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ .

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ تارﺎﺷا نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد .

يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو :

سﺮﺘﺳا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،ﺶﺸﺨﺑ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ندﺮـﻛ ﻞـﺜﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻧورد ﻲﺸﻳاﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺐـﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﻲﻔﻨﻣ يدﺮﻓ نﺎﻴﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر

ﺪـﻧراد ﺮﺗ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ

) 1

.

(

ﻦﻳﺮـﻓآ ﻞﻜـﺸﻣ و يﺪـﺟ يﺎﻫداﺪـﻳور ،دﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﻞـﻴﻤﺤﺗ دﺮـﻓ ﺮـﺑ ناﺮـﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز

ار يﺮـﮕﻳد ﻲﻔﻨﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻢﺸﺧ ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻣ ـ ﺷ ﺐﺟﻮ ـ ﻧﻮ ـ ﺪ

) 2

.

(

ـﻧا ـ ـﻓا ،هوﺪ ـ زا ﺖﺳا ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ داﺮ ﻓ

ــ دﺮ

لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :

ﺮﻓ يرﻮﻧ رﻮﭘ فاﻮﻟ دﺎﺷ -

نﺎﺘﺳزﻮﺧ : لﻮﻓزد

، هروﺎﺸﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ةرادا

lavafpoorf@yahoo.com E-mail:

1 . هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ روﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ

، ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣزراﻮﺧ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

2 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،هروﺎﺸﻣ هوﺮﮔ ، ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣزراﻮﺧ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳ

3 . ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

، ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺪﻫاز ،نﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ و نﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

4 . ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ هروﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ اﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،

ناﺮﻳا ،ن

5 . هروﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ،

ناﺮﻳا ،زاﻮﻫا ،تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﺣاو ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

6 . ،هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ هروﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ناﺮﻳا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

5 / 9 / 1393 تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

30 / 10 / 1393 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

15 / 1 / 1394

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يرﻮﻧ رﻮﭘ فاﻮﻟ دﺎﺷﺮﻓ

ﮔ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰ

ﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮕﺑ مﺎـﻘﺘﻧا وا زا ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺨﺑ ﺎﻳ هﺪﻳﺰﮔ يرود رﺎﻛﺎﻄﺧ .

ﺎـﺑ

يرﺎـﻛﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺶﻨﻛاو ،لﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا

يدﺮـﻓ ﻦﻴـﺑ يﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ

) 3

دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﻪﺑ

.(

Enright

وا نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

ﺶﺸﺨﺑ

“

ـﺣ زا نﺪﻴـﺸﻛ ﺖـﺳد ياﺮـﺑ قﺎﻴﺘﺷا ياﺮـﺑ دﻮـﺧ ﻖ

ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻲـﺑ و ﻲﻔﻨﻣ توﺎﻀﻗ ،رﺎﺟﺰﻧا ﻲـﺴﻛ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻲﺗوﺎـﻔﺗ

ﻪــﻛ ﻲﻟﺎــﺣرد ،ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﻧﺎﺠﻧر ار ﺎــﻣ ﻪــﻧﻻدﺎﻋﺎﻧ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳا ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻖـﺸﻋ ﻲـﺘﺣ و توﺎﺨﺳ ،يزﻮﺴﻟد يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ دﻮﺧ رد ار ﺖﺴﻴﻧ نآ ﻖﺤﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺴﻛ ﻢﻴﻧاروﺮـﭘ

”

) 4

.

(

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﻲـﺷﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻪﻛ

ﺧ دﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﻚﺴﻳر ،رﺎﻛﺎﻄ

و ﻲﮔدﺮـﺴﻓا

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﻫد

) 5

و

(

ﺶـﺠﻧر ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ

نﺎﻴﻣ داﺪﻳور ﻚﻳ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ

،ﻲﻔﻨﻣ يدﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ار دزﺎﺳ

) 6

ﻲﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ور ﻦﻳا زا

.(

،دور نﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧوﺮﻓ

شﺰﻴﮕﻧا

مﺎـﻘﺘﻧا ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻢـﺸﺧ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ،ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ

ﺪـﻧاﻮﺘﺑ

ﻓ ياﺮــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ار ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﺖــﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ رد ﺖــﻴﻟﺎﻌ

يﺎــﻫ

دزﺎﺳ دازآ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ مزﻻ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .

،ﻞﻴﻟد ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ رد داﺮـﻓا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺗﻼﺧاﺪـﻣ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺶﺠﻧر ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﺷﺰﻴﮕﻧا يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻚﻤﻛ يدﺮﻓ

تروﺮـﺿ ﻚـﻳ و هدﻮـﺑ ﺪﻨﻤـﺷزرا ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ ظﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪـﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ دﻮﺷ

. رد رﻮـﺤﻣ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا

ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻜﻟا ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻠ

) 7

ﻲﻳﻮﺷﺎﻧز ﺖﻧﺎﻴﺧ ،

( )

8

،

(

نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ شزﻮﻣآ

) 9

ﻲﮔدﺮـﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،

( )

10 (

ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻒﻃاﻮﻋ و ﻲﻔﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ

) 11

هداد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ

(

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

لاﺆـﺳ ﻦـﻳا ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺳا نآ دﺪﺻ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﻲﻧاور ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻳآ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺶـﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ

؟دراد ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ سﺮﺘﺳا و ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺮﺑ

داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ

ﺖـﺳا ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ حﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ حﺮﻃ .

ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﻴﻠﻛ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا يرﺎﻣآ ﺔ

نازﻮـﻣآ ﺶﻧاد

ﻢـﻜﻳ ﺔـﻳﺎﭘ ﺮـﺘﺧد

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ) ﻢﻫد سﻼﻛ (

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﺘـﺴﻴﺳ نﺎﺘـﺳا ناواﺮﺳ

نﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ و دﻮﺑ

لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻛ 1393

ﻲﻨـﺳ ةزﺎـﺑ رد و 15

ﺎـﺗ

16 لﺎﺳ دﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ ﺪﻧ

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪـﻴﻟوا ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ 100

ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ ﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ 30 دورو ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ ﺪـﺟاو ﻪـﻛ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ

. و ﻪـﻴﻟوا يﺮﮕﻟﺎـﺑﺮﻏ ياﺮـﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ

،ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ زا

هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺔﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

يدﺮـﻓ ﻦﻴـﺑ يﺎﻫ

يرﺎــــﻛﺎﻄﺧ ﺎــــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮــــﻣ )

TRIM-12

(

McCullough

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

) 12

،

(

سﺮﺘـﺳا ،باﺮﻄـﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮـﺴﻓا سﺎـﻴﻘﻣ

Lovinbond,& Lovibond )

13

ﺸﺳﺮﭘ و

(

ﺔﻣﺎﻨ ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

زا ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺶﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺔﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻠـﺻا ﻊﺒﻨﻣ

يﻮـﮕﻟا ﺮـﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺶﺸﺨﺑ

Enright

بﺎـﺘﻛ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ ،

Forgiveness is a choice )

14

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ

(

ﺖـﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪـﻛ

ﻞﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ

Park

12 ﻪﺴﻠﺟ هدﺮﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ نآ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ار يا

ﺖﺳا

) 15

.

(

ﻞﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا 12

ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻟﺎﻄﻣ ود رد يا ﻪـﻌ

ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ يور ﺮـﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺖﺳا

) 16

، 17

.

(

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺚﺤﺑ و

نﺎﻤﻫ

ﻲـﻣ هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ تاﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ،دﻮـﺷ

ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ .

توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳا يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ نﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ

ﺲﻧﺎـﻳراو ﻲـﻨﮕﻤﻫ ،ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ يﺎﻫ ضﺮﻓ ﺐﻴـﺷ ،

،نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻪﻣادا رد

ANCOVA

هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺪـﺷ .

نﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ دﻮﺷ

هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ تاﺮـﻤﻧ فﻼﺘـﺧا

ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ رد ،هﺪﺷ .

ﻲﻣ اﺬﻟ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﺶـﺸﺨﺑ ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﻪﻛ راد

هﺪﺷ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺖﺳا

.

ﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺿﺎ

يﺎــﻫ

Zhang

و

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ

) 10

و

(

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

Hui )

18

؛ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا يور ﺮﺑ

(

)Lin 19

و

( Coyle

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

) 20

،

( Harris

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

) 21

(

هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 1

رد هوﺮـﮔ ود تاﺮـﻤﻧ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا فاﺮـﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ:

نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ و نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ

هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ

رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 13

/ 4

6/27 4/70 8/46 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا 82

/ 3

12/07 5/27 11/73 لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

56 /

4 6/00 4/37 9/67 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

باﺮﻄﺿا 30

/

4 12/33 4/35 10/60 لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

56 /

4 7/33 4/86 9/73 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

سﺮﺘﺳا 85

/

3 12/00 4/14 10/00 لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 2

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ:

راوﻮﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺮـﺛا ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻫاﺮﻜﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺮﺛا فﺬﺣ زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ

تاروﺬﺠﻣ ﻪﺟرد يدازآ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ تاروﺬﺠﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ F يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ

ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا هوﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ

ﺎﻄﺧ

ﻞﻛ 11 / 86

48 / 323

38 / 120

3217 1 1

27

30 11 / 86

48 / 323

45 / 4 31 / 19

55 / 72 001 / 0

001 / 0

باﺮﻄﺿا هوﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ

ﺎﻄﺧ

ﻞﻛ 59 / 242

54 / 228

78 / 322

3373 1 1

27

30 59 / 242

54 / 228

95 / 11 29 / 20

11 / 19 001 / 0

001 / 0

سﺮﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ

ﺎﻄﺧ

ﻞﻛ 17 / 150

18 / 289

14 / 210

3466 1 1

27

30 17 / 150

18 / 289

78 / 7 29 / 19

15 / 37 001 / 0

001 / 0

و

Allemand

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ

و ) 11

ﻒـﻃاﻮﻋ و سﺮﺘﺳا يور ﺮﺑ

(

ﻲﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﺒﺒﺗ رد ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻛ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟ و نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟﻮﺗ يور ﺮـﺑ هﺪـﺷ اﺮﺟا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ نآ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳر مﺪﻋ

ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ

ﺖـﺷاد ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ

) 22

.

(

ﺶـﺸﺨﺑ مﺪـﻋ ﺖـﻟﺎﺣ

يرﺎــﻛﺎﻄﺧ رﺮــﻜﻣ يروآدﺎــﻳ و يﺮــﻜﻓ راﻮﺨــﺸﻧ ﺐــﺟﻮﻣ ــﻣ ﻲ دﻮــﺷ . ﻲــﺘﻗو ترﻮــﺻ يدﺮــﻓ ﻦﻴــﺑ يرﺎــﻛﺎﻄﺧ ﻚــﻳ

ﻲﻣ راﻮﺨـﺸﻧ دﺎـﻳز لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ داﺮﻓا ﺔﻴﻟوا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،دﺮﻴﮔ

ﻲﻣ ،ﺖﺳا ﺶﺠﻧر ةرﺎﺑرد زاﺮﺑا تﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

،هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧا سﺮﺗ و ﻢﺸﺧ ،ﻲﻣﺎﻜﺨﻠﺗ ،رﺎﺟﺰﻧا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ هﺪﺸﻧ سﺮﺘــﺳا و ﺖﻣﻮــﺼﺧ ،ﺮــﻔﻨﺗ دﻮــﺷ

) 23

.

(

رﺎــﻈﺘﻧا ور ﻦــﻳا زا ﻲــﻣ

دور ﺖــﺷﺬﮔ ﻢــﻛ داﺮــﻓا و باﺮﻄــﺿا ﻪــﺑ ﺶﻨــﻛاو رد

ﺶﻴﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا

مﺰﻴﻧﺎـﻜﻣ زا ﺮـﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻲﻋﺎـﻓد يﺎـﻫ

؛ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ يا

Maltby

شرﺎـﻜﻤﻫ

و

ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮـﻣ ﺰـﻴﻧ

ﺖــﺳا ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮــﻗ

) 24

ار ﺪــﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻪــﺳ ،ﻪــﺘﻓر ﻢــﻫ يور

.(

ﻲــﻣ ﻲــﻳاﺮﭼ رد ناﻮــﺗ ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ ﺮــﻈﻧ رد ﺶــﺸﺨﺑ ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا

:

داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ ،ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ

يﺮـﻜﻓ راﻮﺨـﺸﻧ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ

ﻮﻣ رد ﻄﺧ در يرﺎـﻛﺎ يﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻧزﺎـﺳ ﻒـﻗﻮﺘﻣ ار ناﺮـﮕﻳد

) 25

.

(

يﺎﻫدﺎﻨــﺳا ندﻮــﻤﻧ ﺐــﻴﻏﺮﺗ ،مود ﺖــﺒﺜﻣ

ﻪــﻛ ﻲﻟﺪــﻤﻫ و زا

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺶﺸﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ دﻮﺷ

) 26

.

(

ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺶﺸﺨﺑ ،مﻮﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ مﺎﻏدا دﻮﺧ دﺮﻜﻳور رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧاﺮﮕﻧدﻮﺟو داﺮـﻓا ﻪـﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻲــﻣ ﻚــﻤﻛ ــﻛﺎﻄﺧ زا ﺎــﺗ ﺪــﻨﻛ

يرﺎ ﺞــﻧر و ناﺮــﮕﻳد يﺎــﻫ

ﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻲ

ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻴﺑ .

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﺖـﻴﻌﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﺸﺨﺑ شزﻮﻣآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ناﻮـﺟﻮﻧ يﺎـﻫ

دﺮﻛ . ﻲـﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد

ﻢﻴﻤـﺼﺗ ياﺮـﺑ دﻮـﺷ رد يﺮـﻴﮔ

نوﺮﻘﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ زا تﻼﺧاﺪـﻣ عﻮـﻧ ﻦﻳا ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺑ

نآ ﺮـﺛا ةزاﺪـﻧا ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺗ ؛ﺎـﻫ

ﻞـﻴﻠﺤ

ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ يﺎـﻫ يا

دﺮﻴﮔ ترﻮﺻ .

دﻮـﺒﻧ ﺖﻳدوﺪـﺤﻣ زا ﻲﻟﺎﺧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ةﻮﺤﻧ و ندﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻚﺗ ﻪﻛ يﺮﻴﮔ

) سﺮﺘـﺳد رد (

نآ ﻢﻫا ﻲﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ دﺮﺑرﺎـﻛ رد ﺖـﺴﻳﺎﺑ

نآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ار ﺎﻫ

.

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2002.

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Low cost approaches to promote physical and mental health: theory, research, and practice. L'Abate L. New York: Springer;

2007.

3. Worthington Jr. Handbook of forgiveness.

New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2005.

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Exploring forgiveness. Enright DR, North J, (eds). Madison, WI. US: University of Wisconsin Press; 1998.

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نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يرﻮﻧ رﻮﭘ فاﻮﻟ دﺎﺷﺮﻓ

هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ

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Facilitating forgiveness in the treatment of infidelity: an interpersonal model. J Fam Ther 2011; 35(4): 342-367.

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Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement.

J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 75(6): 1586-1603.

13. Andouz Z, Sahebi A, Tabatabai S.

Comparing Efficacy and Effectiveness of ERP and DIRT Methods in Treatment of Compulsive Washing. IJPCP. 2005; 11(2):

139-149

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