The Effect of Sprint Interval Training on Hippocampal Nerve Growth Factor levels and Cognitive Performance in Male Wistar Rats

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The Effect of Sprint Interval Training on Hippocampal Nerve Growth Factor levels and Cognitive Performance in Male Wistar Rats

Elham Azizi¹ , Esmaeil Nasiri²^ , Maryam Khalesi³

1. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

3. Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

11 June 2022 Received in revised form:

26 September 2022 Accepted:

3 October 2022 Published online:

21 December 2022

Keywords:

hippocampus, learning, memory,

nerve growth factor, sprint interval training.

Introduction: Sports activities can protect the brain and improve its function. However, the lack of time is one of the primary reasons for not participating in the recommended amount of sports activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on hippocampal nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, learning, and spatial memory in adult male rats.

Methods: For this, 16 male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups (control and SIT). The SIT protocol consisted of eight weeks of running on the treadmill (three sessions per week, 4-9 repetitions of 10 seconds sprints, and 1 min rest between repetitions). At the end of the eighth week, the rats’ cognitive performance was evaluated using the shuttle box and Y-maze avoidance tests. Finally, rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was removed and NGF levels were measured.

Results: The findings showed that in the SIT group, the hippocampal NGF levels were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.001). Moreover, rats in the SIT group had better performance in the shuttle box and Y-maze avoidance tests than the control group, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that SIT (with 10 seconds repetitions) can increase the hippocampal NGF levels, though, to improve our knowledge about its effect on cognitive performance, more studies are needed

Cite this article: Azizi, E. Nasiri, E. & Khalesi, M. (2022). The Effect of Sprint Interval Training on Hippocampal Nerve Growth Factor and Cognitive Performance in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Sports andMotor Development and Learning, 14 (3), 41-54.

DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JSMDL.2022.344288.1657

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Introduction

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the first known member of the neurotrophin family that plays a key role in neurons' survival and maintenance of the structure, function, and overall health of the nervous system. The highest level of expression and concentration of this protein in the central nervous system has been reported to be in the hippocampus. Alteration in hippocampal NGFlevels is one of the plausible reasons for the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's.

It is believed that physical activity is an effective mean to increase neurotrophin levels, especially NGF and brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and improve cognitive function and brain health. Most previous studies have investigated the effects of aerobic training on neurotrophin levels and cognitive function. Despite having beneficial effects, aerobic training protocols are not generally time- efficient. Therefore, since the lack of time is the main obstacle to physical activity participation, the development of shorter and time-efficient training interventions and investigation of their effects on different aspects of health, including brain health has received considerable attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) with short intervals (10 seconds) on hippocampal NGF levels, learning, and spatial memory of adult male Wistar rats.

Methods

After environmental adaptation, sixteen adult male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups: control (n=8) and training (n=8). The rats in the training group performed the SIT training protocol for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The training protocol consisted of four to nine repetitions of 10 seconds sprints on the treadmill. The running speed was 50 to 70 meters per minute, equivalent to 118 to 165% of the speed attained in the maximal running test. At the end of the eighth week, the Y-maze and shuttle box tests were conducted to assess spatial memory and learning. Finally, rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was removed and NGF levels were measured.

Results

The findings showed that eight weeks of training in SIT group resulted in a significant increase in the hippocampal NGF levels (~25 percent, P = 0.001) compared with the control group. Rats in the SIT group showed a decrease in the initial (a 20% reduction) and the passing delay (a 44% reduction) in the shuttle box test. However, these changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the results ofthe Y-maze test revealed that rats in the SIT group recorded a 20% improvement compared with thecontrol group, however, the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that eight weeks of SIT can increase hippocampal NGF levels. This finding is in accordance with the previous studies that reported training could improve the hippocampal neurotrophin level. However, the current study

important elements in determining the effect of physical training on neurotrophic factors, the findings showed that SIT with 10-second sprints can significantly increase hippocampal NGF levels. Although the training-induced increase in NGF levels is an important mechanism for improving cognitive function, the findings also showed that the training did not lead to significant changes in rats' learning and spatial memory. Evidence suggests that the changes in cognitive functions are time-dependent, and it seems that a longer time is needed to observe the effect of increased NGF levels on cognitive function. Moreover, when NGF is at its normal physiological levels, the increase in its level could have pre- preparation importance to deal with harmful stimuli such as aging, but it seems that it might not cause significant changes in health conditions. This could be another possible reason for the observed non-significant changes in cognitive performance.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahed University (Code: IR.SHAHED.REC.1400.005)

Funding:

The present manuscript is derived from the MSc thesis conducted in the department of physical education and sports sciences of Shahed University.

Authors’ contribution:

All authors contributed equally to conducting all parts of the study.

Conflict of interest:

The authors declared no conflict of interest Acknowledgments:

The authors would like to thank Dr. Ali Samadi, who helped us in presenting this research.

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3 ، . و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ

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يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﭘﯿ

مﺎ ﻧﺎﺳر ﯽ ﺪﯾﺮﮔوﺮﺗر و ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ ار10

ﻪﻄﺳاو BFCN

ﺮﮔ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﮥ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا نآ

ﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﮥ

يﺎﻫرﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ي يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ و ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺖﺳا

وﺪﻨﯾا)

11 ، 2018 ( يراﺬﮔﺮﺛا رﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ . ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﻪﺑ

لﺎﺼﺗا ﻦﯾا ﻠﭘ ﯽ ﺘﭙﭘ ﯿﺪ ﻪﺑ ود ﻪﺘﺳد زا ﮔ ﯿ هﺪﻧﺮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ

ة ﯽﻨﯿﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ) ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻞﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ p75

p75NTR

و ( ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ة

) ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻞﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ يزﺎﻨﯿﮐ ﻦﯾزوﺮﯿﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو (TrKA

ﺎﯾ) ﯽﻟ و ﮓﻧاژ ،ن

12 ، 2020 .(

ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻦﯾا ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ ، ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

TrkA /

ﺐﻠﻏا لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﭘﯿ مﺎ ﻧﺎﺳر ﯽ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ

ﮥ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﯽﻧورﻮﻧ يﺎﻘﺑ و ﺪﺷر ﻆﻔﺣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﺴﭘﺎﻨﯿﺳ زا

نورﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﮏﯾژﺮﻨﯿﻟﻮﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ،وﺪﻨﯾا) 2018

؛ ،ﯽﻟ و ﮓﻧاژ ،نﺎﯾ 2020

(.

دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد حﻮﻄﺳ

ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ رد لﻼﺘﺧا و

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﮔ ﯿ هﺪﻧﺮ ﺎﻫ ي نآ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘورﻮﻧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺑﯿ

رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ة و نﻮﺴﻨﯿﮐرﺎﭘ ،ﺮﻤﯾاﺰﻟآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ

تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ،ﯽﻟ و ﮓﻧاژ ،نﺎﯾ) 2020

( ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯾ . 2021

نژ فﺬﺣ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ( ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد شﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫ و ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ ،ﺰﻧژورﻮﻧ و ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ نورﻮﻧ

ﺎﻫ ي رد لﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﮏﯾژﺮﻨﯿﻟﻮﮐ

دﻮﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ و ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ

، ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﮏﯾژﺮﻨﯿﻟﻮﮐ بﺎﺼﻋا يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ

ﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﮥ

ار ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯾ)

2021 ( ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ . ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﮏﯾ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز

لاوز ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ياﺮﺑ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ رد ﺮﻤﯾاﺰﻟآ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ و يزﻮﯿﺗﺎﻣ ،ﯽﭙﯿﻟ) -

ﺮﻣﻮﮔ

13 ، 2020 ( و نژ ﻧﺎﻣرد ﯽ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾا

رد ﺮﻤﯾاﺰﻟآ نﺎﻣرد و دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﻣزآ

ﯾ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ي هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯾ) 2021

(.

ﺖﺒﺜﻣ رﺎﺛآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺑ يﺰﻐﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ زا ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ رد ﻪ

صﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ي نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

و ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ار ﯽﮑﯿﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾا حﻮﻄﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫارBFCN

ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ

، يدﺎﯾز ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ

1. De Sousa

2. Shekari and Fahnestock

3. Nerve growth factor (NGF)

4. Eu

5. Rocco

6. Latina

7. Chen

8. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons(BFCNs)

9. Dobryakova

10. Retrograde

11. Indo

12.Yan, Zhang, & Li

13. Lippi, Mattiuzzi, & Sanchis-Gomar

(5)

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ تر

ﺎﻫ رﺎﺘﺴﯾو ﺮﻧ ي

45

سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺮﻟﺎﮐ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار نﺎﯿﻣ رد ﭻﯾﻮﻧﺪﻟﺎﻣ)

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2010 ( ، ﻞﻤﮑﻣ ﺎﻫ ي

ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2013 نادﻮﮐوا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ ؛

3، 2015 ( ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،

،نادﻮﮐوا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ) 2018

ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ و يزﻮﯿﺗﺎﻣ ،ﯽﭙﯿﻟ ؛ -

ﺮﻣﻮﮔ ، 2020 ( و ﻨﻏ ﯽ زﺎﺳ ي ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻮﮐرآ لد و ﺎﯾوﻮﮕﺳ ،ارﻮﻣ) ،4

2007 و ﻦﯾﺮﺗرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،(

ﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯾ ﻦ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾورادﺮﯿﻏ شور

ﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ زا ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻪ

رﺎﻤﺷ ﻣ ﯽ دور

( زا يرﺎﻤﺷ . تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ

نﺎﺸﻧ هداد ﺪﻧا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻘﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﯾﻮ ﻫ

ﯿ ﭗﻣﺎﮐﻮﭙ رد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ نﻮﻣزآ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ نﻮﭼ رﻮﻣ

،ﺲﯾ ﻋﺎﻌﺷ زﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺸﻫ

وزﺎﺑ ي ﺑآ زﺎﻣ ، ﯽ ﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﯽ رﻮﺑﺎﺧ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

2013 ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ .

ﯽﺸﺨﺑ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ رﺎﺛآ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

ﻮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﺖ و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ اﺰﻓا

ﯾ ﺶ حﻮﻄﺳ

ﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﺑ ﻪ صﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺸﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و

ﺰﻐﻣ زا ﻖﺘ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺒﺴﻧ6

ﻣا و ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ ،ﯽﻨﻤﻬﺑ)

،يﺮﯿ 2021 .(

دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ يزاﻮﻫ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ رﺎﺛآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ

ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻧا ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ازﻮﺳد) 2020

؛

،نادﻮﮐوا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ 2018

ﯽﭙﯿﻟ ؛ ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ و يزﻮﯿﺗﺎﻣ ، -

ﺮﻣﻮﮔ ، 2020

؛

،نادﻮﮐوا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ

2022 ( سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ و ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ار ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ 30

ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧا

، ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ رﺎﮑﻫار ي ﻦﻤﯾا رد

ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﺎﯾ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ وا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾﻮﻠﺑ)

،نادﻮﮐ 2018 ﺰﭽﻧﺎﺳ و يزﻮﯿﺗﺎﻣ ،ﯽﭙﯿﻟ ؛ -

ﺮﻣﻮﮔ ، 2020 .(

ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ نﺎﯾﺎﺷ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ

ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﻈﻧ زا (ﯽﺘﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ،ﻻﺎﺑ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا) ﯽﺘﻨﺳ يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو

ﯽﻧﺎﻣز رﺎﮐ ا ﺪﻣ .ﺖﺴﯿﻧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ دﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ

ها ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي

،ﯽﻣواﺪﺗ) ﯽﺘﻨﺳ و لواﺪﺘﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ (ﻻﺎﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ

5 ﺎﺗ

47 ﺖﺳا ﺪﺻرد

؛ ﻒﻟﺎﮑﺘﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و7

2020 ( . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا

نﺎﻣز ارﯾ ﺞ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ اﺮﺑ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ي رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ

ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﺳا اﺮﯾاﻮﮑﺳ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و8

2011 (،

ﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﯿ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻂﯾ

داﺮﻓا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﭘ رد يﺪﻨﺒﯾ

ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺑ شزرو راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،سﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﮥ ﺷزرو تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﯽ

ﺎﺑ فﺮﺻ نﺎﻣز مﺎﺠﻧا هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺮﺗ

،زوﺮﻣا يﺎﯿﻧد رد اﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﺶﯾ

ﮔﺪﻧز ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯽ

ﺷﺎﻣ ﯽﻨﯿ و ﻠﻐﺸﻣ ﮥ ز دﺎﯾ

، ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻻﺎﺒﯿﮔ)

،9

2007 (.

ﺧا تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ًاﺮﯿ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ

10 ) (SIT

ﺎﺑ

راﺮﮑﺗ ﺎﻫ ي هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺮﺗ زا 20 ﺎﺑ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺞﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ

ﻒﻟﺎﮐﺎﺘﻣ و درﻻوو)

11 ، 2017 (.

ﻦﯾا ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ 10

ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺴﻠﺟ

ﮥ لﻮﻃ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻤﻧ

ﯽ ﺪﺸﮐ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﯾ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ و ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﯽ

يﺎﻫراﺮﮑﺗ) ﺖﯿﮕﻨﯾو 30

ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا و ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ 4

و يزاﻮﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣواﺪﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ و (راﺮﮑﺗ ﺮﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار يزاﻮﻫﺮﯿﻏ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺸﺨﺑ ﺪ ،ﻒﻟﺎﮐﺎﺘﻣ و درﻻوو) 2017

(.

نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻫد رد ﮥﻨﯿﻣز ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾ تﺎﻨ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ

ﻣ ﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺰﻐ ﺳا كﺪﻧا ت

.ﺖ

ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شﻼﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ و

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻫ و ﺰﻐﻣ ي ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤ

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ تﺎﺴﻠﺟ نﺪﺷ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ 8

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﯽﺘ يﺎﻫراﺮﮑﺗ ﺎﺑ 10

ﻧﺎﺛ ﯿﻪ ا ي ﺮﻫ رد

حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ ار ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

و يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﻈﻓﺎﺣ

ﮥ تر ﺎﻫ ي .دﻮﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﺎﺘﺴﯾو

1. Mladenovic

2. Belviranli

3. Belviranli & Okudan

4. Mora, Segovia & del Arco

5. Khbour

6. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)

7. Metcalfe

8. Sequeira

9. Gibala

10. Sprint interval training

11. Vollaard and Metcalfe

(6)

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

، ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ 10

يور ﻪﺘﻔﻫ 16

ﯽﻧزو ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ) تر ﺮﺳ 140

مﺎﺠﻧا (مﺮﮔ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

ﺶﯿﭘ .

ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ ،اﺮﺟا زا ﺘﯿﻤﮐ

ﮥ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد قﻼﺧا رﺎﻤﺷ

ة

IR.SHAHED.REC.1400.005

ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﯿﺳر حﺮﻃ عوﺮﺷ

ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ، تر ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺧ ﯾ راﺪ ي هﺪﺷ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ و ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ آ

ﻪﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣز ﻣ

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ود تﺪ رد

ﺲﻔﻗ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﯽﯾ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ي

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ رد . ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﻣ يﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻂﯿﺤ

4/

1 22± ﺟرد ﮥ ﺳ ﺘﻧﺎ ﯽ داﺮﮔ

، ﺖﺑﻮﻃر 55 ﺪﺻرد

و ﺧﺮﭼ ﮥ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور - ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ 12:12 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ اﺪﻬﮕﻧ ر ي و ﺪﺷ تر ﺎﻫ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد اﺬﻏ و بآ ﻪﺑ دازآ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺲﭘ

تﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا زا تر

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ

) يوﺎﺴﻣ هوﺮﮔ ود ﻪﺑ 8

= ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ (n

ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ

تر ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو

د ﻪﺘﻔﻫ و

ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا و ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ

، ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ اﺮﺟا ار ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ،

ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ تر ﺎﻫ ي لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻫﯿ

ﭻ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻧ ﯽﺘﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷا

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺪﻧور

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ :

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﮏﯾ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮥ يور نﺪﯾود نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﯾ ،ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ عوﺮﺷ زا ﺶﯿﭘ .دﻮﺑ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﯾ و (ﻢﮐ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻣدﺮﺗ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﻣواﺪﺗ نﺪﯾود) ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ياﺮﺑ (ﻢﮐ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ نﺪﯾود) ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ تر

ﺎﻫ ي

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد . ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﺑ نﺪﯾود نﻮﻣزآ مود نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﻧور .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا1

ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﺎﺑ تر ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯿﻟوا ﮥ 10 عوﺮﺷ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد رد ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ و هﺪﺷ

3 ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻪﻘﯿﻗد نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ

3 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد رد ﺮﺘﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ .دﻮﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣاو ﺎﺗ

ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣاو ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر كﻼﻣ 5

ﻧﺎﺛ ﯿﻪ ا ي ﮑﺒﺷ يور تر ﮥ

كﻮﺷ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ دﻮﺑ كﻮﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا ودﺎﭼﺎﻣ)

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2017 ( ﺖﻋﺮﺳ .

ﻞﺻﺎﺣ هﺪﺷ رد ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣاو ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﯾا سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ تﺪﺷ و ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ .

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ عوﺮﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﺲﭙﺳ 8

يور نﺪﯾود ﻪﺘﻔﻫ نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻌﺗ

ﯾ ﻞ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺪﺳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 2022

دﻮﺑ ( . لوﺪﺟ 1 ﺎﮐ تﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻠﻣ

ﻮﺤﻧ ة ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺳا

.

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ . ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ

ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ

ﮥﺘﻔﻫ لوا ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

مود ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

مﻮﺳ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

مرﺎﻬﭼ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

ﻢﺸﺷ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

ﻢﺘﺸﻫ

(ﻪﻘﯿﻗد رد ﺮﺘﻣ) ﺖﻋﺮﺳ 10-15

20 - 30 50 - 55 55 - 60 55 - 60 60 - 65 60 - 65 65 - 70 65 - 70 65 - 70

(%)MRT -

- 118 -

130 130 -

141 130 -

141 141 - 153 141 -

150 153 -

165 153 -

165

راﺮﮑﺗ ﺮﻫ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ 10

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 10

ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

راﺮﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻓد 1

3 4

4 5

5 5

7 8

9

ﺎﻫراﺮﮑﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا -

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا 15

- 20 ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 60 ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد تﺎﺴﻠﺟ داﺪﻌﺗ 5

3

1. Maximal Running test(MRT) Machado

2.

(7)

47

زﺎﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﻞﮑﺷ Y

1: فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا

ﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﮥ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﻫﺎﮕﺘﺳد

ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ زا وزﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺴﮑﻠﭘ

ﯽ ﺲﻠﮔ ﺳ2

ﯿ هﺎ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﻫاﺮﺑآ) ،3

2019 ( ﺮﻫ . زا ماﺪﮐ وزﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ 40 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ

،لﻮﻃ 30 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ و عﺎﻔﺗرا

ﺘﻧﺎﺳ

15

ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﺘﺷاد ﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﻪ ) فوﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ

A,

B, C

ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ راﺬﮔ ي ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ( و ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ واز ﯾﻪ راد و ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ وﺎﺴﺘﻣ ي عﻼﺿﻻا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻤﻫ

ﯾ ﺮﮕ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . ﻦﯾا نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﯾﺎﺘﺷﺎﻧ زا ﺲﭘ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

عوﺮﺷ ياﺮﺑ و تر

ﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد ي ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫوزﺎﺑ زا ﯽﻣ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ هداد هزﺎﺟا و ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ 8

ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ﻃ رد ﻪﻧادازآ ﻪﺳ لﻮ

وزﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ دورو

تر ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﮏ زا ﺎﻫوزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺘﺳد ﯽ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ) ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ACBABACACBCACAC

.(

لﺎﺜﻣ ﻦﯾا رد

ر ﺣ بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ رﺎﺘﻓ ﯿ

ناﻮ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻌﻣ ﯿ رﺎ ي اﺮﺑ ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﮥ ﺎﻀﻓ ﯽﯾ ﻘﻠﺗ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ

، ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ دورو 15 وزﺎﺑ ، ﺮﺗ ﺞﻨﭘ ﯾ دﺎ راﺮﮑﺗ)4

ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﯽﯾ ( ﺖﺳا ا زا ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﻦ داﺪﻌﺗ 6 وزﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ، ود دﺎﯾﺮﺗ وACB

، BCA

ﻏﯿ ﺮ راﺮﮑﺗ ي ﺖﺳا . اﺮﺑ ي ﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﮥ بوﺎﻨﺗ ﺪﺻرد يراﺮﮑﺗﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫدﺎﯾﺮﺗ

ﺮﻫ تر زا ﮥﻄﺑار ﺮﯾز هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ ،نﺎﯾﺮﺒﻨﻗ و ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺧ ،يرﻻﺎﺳﺎﯿﮐ) 2012

(:

ﻄﺑار ﮥ 1(

100 × ) 2 - ﺎﺑ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻨﺗ ﺪﺻرد = يراﺮﮑﺗﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫوزﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ / (ﻪﺘﻓر يوز

ﯽﺑوﺎ

نﻮﻣزآ لﺎﻌﻓﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﺑﺎﻨﺘﺟا

5: زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ﺒﻌﺟ

ﮥ ﻞﺗﺎﺷ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ و يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ و 6

تر ﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا

؛ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ لﻮﻃ رد ناﻮﯿﺣ

رود ة نﻮﻣزآ دﺎﯾ ﯽﻣ دﺮﯿﮔ ﺎﺑ بﻮﮐﺮﺳ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﯾ رﺎﺘﻓر صﺎﺧ زا ﮏﯾ داﺪﯾور ﺪﺑ بﺎﻨﺘﺟا ﺪﻨﮐ . ﺒﻌﺟ ﮥ ﻞﺗﺎﺷ

ﺑا ﺎﺑ ﻦﺷور و ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ ﮏﻗﺎﺗا ود ﻞﻣﺎﺷ اﺪﺟ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ زا ﯽﯾﻮﺸﮐ رد ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ يوﺎﺴﻣ دﺎﻌ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﭗﻣﻻ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﺷور ﺶﺨﺑ رﻮﻧ .

60 ﯽﺗاو ﻣﺄﺗ ﯿ ﻦ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻒﮐ . ﻣﯿ

ﻪﻠ ﺎﻫ ي ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ يدﻻﻮﻓ ﺳ

ﯿ ﻢ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ كﻮﺷوﺮﺘﮑﻟا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا كﻮﺷ ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ يﺎﻀﻓ رد و ﻣﯿ

ﻪﻠ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ دراو ناﻮﯿﺣ يﺎﭘ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ .

ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ نآ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ لوا تر

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ نورد يداﺮﻔﻧا ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺲﭘ زا 5 ود ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

هداد هزﺎﺟا شﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ و زﺎﺑ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ 2

.ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺎﻀﻓ ود ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻧادازآ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺑ

ﺐﺒﺳ هدراو رﻮﻧ كﻮﺷ تر

ﺎﻫ ﺐﻠﻏا

ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﺑ ﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﮥ ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ دراو .

ﺲﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﯿﺣ دورو ﺾﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ﻈﻔﺤﻣ

ﮥ ﺲﻔﻗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﯿﺣ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ

هﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭘ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺪﻨﭼ زا

ًادﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﮥ هﺪﻧادﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻦﺷور هﺪﺷ

راﺮﮑﺗ رﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا و ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ . ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ و يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ

ﯾا رد .دﻮﺑ بﺎﺴﺘﮐا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ

شﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ رد ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ زا ﺲﭘ ﻈﻔﺤﻣ

ﮥ ﻦﺷور زﺎﺟا ة ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ دورو

، ﻦﯿﺑ رد دورو ﺾﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣا

ترﺪﻗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا كﻮﺷ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﻀﻓ ود ﮏﯾ

ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﮏﯾ

دراو شﻮﻣ يﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ و جرﺎﺧ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ زا ناﻮﯿﺣ ﺲﭙﺳ .

هﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑ ﺲﻔﻗ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ود . ﻪﺑ هرﺎﺑود

ﺒﻌﺟ ﮥ هﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑ ﻞﺗﺎﺷ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ دﺮﯿﮔ

. ﺲﭘ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻦﯾا زا ﺧﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ

ﯽﯾاﺪﺘﺑا دورو7

شﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﮥ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺒﺛ ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ

ﮥ ﻦﯿﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ﺑ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ مﻮﺳ ﻪ

يروآﺮﻃﺎﺧ تر

ﺎﻫ و

24 زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ مﺎﺠﻧا بﺎﺴﺘﮐا و يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

نﺎﻣز ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد . ﺧﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ زا تر ﺮﻫ دورو ياﺮﺑ ﻈﻔﺤﻣ

ﮥ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺷور

ﮏﯾرﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ درﻮﮐر ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺄﺧ ﯿﺮ ﺣ رد ﯿ ﻦ رﻮﺒﻋ ﺖﺒﺛ8

ﺷ ﺪ ) ،نﺎﯾﺮﺒﻨﻗ و ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺧ ،يرﻻﺎﺳﺎﯿﮐ 2012

.(

ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ

48 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺲﭘ زا ﺮﺧآ ﯾ ﻦ ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾ ﻦ و ﺲﭘ زا ﺎﺘﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﯾ

،ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ تر ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺗا يوراد ﺑ

ﯽ شﻮﻫ اﺮﺑ و ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رادﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﺎﻣآ .

نﺎﻣز 48

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ اﺮﺑ ي زا ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻓر ﺮﺧآ

ﯾ ﻦ ﺴﻠﺟ ﮥ ﺮﻤﺗ ﯾ ﻦ مﺎﺠﻧا و نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي يرﺎﺘﻓر .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﯽﺑ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا زا ﺲﭘ

ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﺷﻮﻫ

1. Y maze Test

2. Plexiglas

3. Abraham

4. Triad

5. Passive Avoidance Shuttle Box test

6. Shuttle box BPT Co.9 Tehran

7. Initial Latency(IL)

8. Step Through Latency(STL)

(8)

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رادﺮﺑ ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﭗﻣﺎﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

. ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺴﺷ زا ﺲﭘ و

ﻮﺷ مﺮﺳ رد ﻓﯿ ﺰﯾ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾ ﮏ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣﯿ ﺗوﺮﮑ ﯿ بﻮ ﺎﻫ ي صﻮﺼﺨﻣ

ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ تزا رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ و ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ اﺮﺑ

ي ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻌﺑ ي ﻪﺑ ﺮﻓ ﯾ رﺰ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣد ي 70 - ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﺷ . ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺖﯿﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و اﺰﯾﻻا شور ﻪﺑ ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

ZellBio

نﺎﻤﻟآ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ، ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ)

:ZB-10539C

هزاﺪﻧا ( ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺪﺷ

ﯽﯾﺎﻨﻓ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2020

(.

شور رﺎﻣآ ي

نﻮﻣزآ زا ﭘﺎﺷ

ﯿ ووﺮ ﯾ ﮏﻠ اﺮﺑ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ندﻮﺑ زﻮﺗ ﯾﻊ هداد ﺎﻫ رد هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و زا نﻮﻣزآ رﺎﻣآ ي ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﺗ اﺮﺑ

ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ

ﻐﺗ تاﺮﯿﯿ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻫوﺮﮔ ﯽ ﺢﻄﺳ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻨﻌﻣ

يراد اﺮﺑ ي مﺎﻤﺗ ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﺎﻫ ي رﺎﻣآ ي 05 /0

<

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد P

ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا سا سا ﯽﭘ سا ﺨﺴﻧ

ﮥ 22 مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﮔ ﺖﻓ .

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

لوﺪﺟ 2 نزو تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ تر

ﺎﻫ لوﺪﺟ و 3 رد ار ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯽﺗ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ هوﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

لوﺪﺟ 2 . نزو رﺎﯿﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ رد

هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نﺎﻣز

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ

نزو (مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ) ﻪﯾﺎﭘ

3/

9 3± / 309 3/

12 3± / 303

ﮥﺘﻔﻫ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ 13

1± / 370 3/

27 6± / 320

ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد 8

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ

ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﮑﯿﻓوﺮﺗورﻮﻧ ﺪﺷر 25

و ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃ ر ) يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ 001

/0 = .داد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ (P

لوﺪﺟ 3 . تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﻦﯿﺑ ﭗﻤﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ هوﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﻮﻟ نﻮﻣزآ راو

ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ﺎﻫ يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗ نﻮﻣزآ

ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ

F sig

T df

sig

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﺷر ﯽﺒﺼﻋ 35 / 0 567

/ 0 513

/ 4 - 10 001

/ 0

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

رد هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﺖﺳا .

(9)

49

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 . تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﭗﻣﺎﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻞﮑﺷ رد 2 ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ هوﺮﮔ ود ﺮﻫ رد يرﺎﺘﻓر رﺮﺑ

ﯽﺳ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 . ناﺰﯿﻣ ﭗﭼ ﺖﻤﺳ رادﻮﻤﻧ) ﺲﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﺗﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺖﺳار ﺖﻤﺳ رادﻮﻤﻧ) رﺎﺘﻓر بوﺎﻨﺗ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪﺻرد و (A

ﻦﯿﺑ رد (B هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺲﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﺗﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ زا 8

ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺧﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ار ﻪﯿﻟوا وﺪﺣ د 20 و ﺪﺻرد

ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺧﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ رﻮﺒﻋ ﻦﯿﺣ ار

44 ﺖﺳا هداد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد

؛ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ لﺎﺣ .دﻮﺒﻧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯾ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ زا

زﺎﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ Y

ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺮﺑ

ﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﮥ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ تر

ﺎﻫ ي هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ادوﺪﺣ 20 ﺖﺒﺛ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار يراﺮﮑﺗﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر رادﺎﻨﻌﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺎﻣا يﺪﺻرد هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﻧا .

و ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ 8

ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﭗﻣﺎﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

شﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﯾاﺮﺤﺻ

ار ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﯾاﺰﻓا

داد ﺶ

، ﺎﻣا ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ زا نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺒﻬﺑ) يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﺢﻄﺳ ،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و (رﻮﺒﻋ ﻦﯿﺣ ﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ) تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺎﯾ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،(ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﻈﻓﺎﺣ

ﮥ زﺎﻣ نﻮﻣزآ) ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ رد هرود ﻦﯾا زا ﺲﭘ (Y

تر ﺎﻫ ي هوﺮﮔ

ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﺑوﺎﻨﺗ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

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