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wireless & Mobile Communication
رایس یاهیروانف رب یرورم (
2 )
روپدماحم رتکد
تارباخم هورگ داتسا ,
قرب یسدنهم هدکشناد
خ یتعنص هاگشناد .
ن . یسوط
لوا لاسمین 00
- 99
//wp.kntu.ac.ir/kmpour
رایس تارباخم یجیردت دشر
2
1G: Analog, large frequency reuse, large cells, uniform (AMPs) standard in US/multiple in Europe, voice only 2G: Digital, multiple standards, smaller reuse (1 for CDMA),
smaller cells, voice and data (GSM, IS‐136, IS‐95, ..) 3G: WCDMA (384 Kbps) competing with GSM evolution (EDGE
w/ 384 Kbps through aggregating timeslots).
4G (3GPP, LTE, LTE Advanced): OFDM/MIMO; other advances
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thGENERATION
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high-speed data access
high quality streaming video
combination of wi-fi and wi-max
SDR,OFDM,OFDMA and MIMO
4G Overview
1. Domain of 4G extends beyond 1G, 2G, and 3G > 2 Mbps in a wide-area mobilesystem (> 20 Mbps peak)
2.Could coexist with 2G and 3G
3. 4G is not necessarily defined by the bit rate, but by a significant advance in system capability beyond what can be achieved with 3G
Data Rate Coverage
Area, Mobility
Macrocell, High Mobility
Microcell,
Limited Mobility
Fixed Access
64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps
P-MP (LMDS) Milli-wave LAN
2G
WLA N
4G
3G
Mobile Networks Evolution-up to 5G
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Yesterday Now Future
2G 3G 4G 5G
GSM/EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE LTE-A IMT2020
Evolution to 4G
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CDMA
2.5G 2G
3G 3.5G 3.9G
CDMA IS-95A
CDMA IS-95B
CDMA 2000
1x Ev-DO Rev O/A/B
UMB 802.20
GSM/UMTS IEEE Cellular IEEE LAN
IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11n
GSM TDMA
IS-136
GPRS
HSDPA FDD/TDD
HSPA+
E-GPRS EDGE
WCDMA FDD/TDD
TD SCDMA LCR-TDD
IEEE 802.16
Wi BRO Fixed
WiMAX 802.16d
Mobile WiMAX 802.16e HSUPA
FDD/TDD
LTE E-UTRA
Technology moving towards 4G
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Mobility
Data Rates
High speed
Medium speed
Low speed
1995 2000 2005 2010+
~14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps <100 Mbps 1G
(Analog)
2G (Digital)
3G (IMT2000)
3G LTE
4G
2.4 GHz WLAN
5 GHz WLAN
High Speed WLAN
Mobile WiMAX (WiBRO)
Bluetooth
WPAN
CDMA/GSM/TDMA
CDMA/GSM/TDMA
4G
Communication System
• Seamless Roaming
• "Seamless" and "wireless," when put together, represent a technology of wireless Internet that hands you off to another network without
interruption so you may continue your activities online without even noticing that you connected into another network. Another name for it is
"seamless roaming."
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Networks in 4G
Core IP Network
Connection Layer
Cellular 3G (UMTS etc.
Cellular 2.5G (GSM etc.
Digital Audio/Video
Broadcast
Short Range PAN/LAN/
MAN/WAN
WLAN/
HIPER-LAN
Cellular 4G
Features of 4G
•Faster and more reliable.
100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s)
•Lower cost than previous generations
•Multi-standard wireless system.
–Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x)
•Ad Hoc Networking.
•IPv6 Core.
•OFDM used instead of CDMA.
•Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n –Most information is proprietary.
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vs.
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Technology 3G 4G
Frequency
Band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHz
Data Rates Up to 2Mbps 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary
Access W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMA FEC Turbo-codes Concatenated codes
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
Data Rate Comparison (Kbps)
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4G (LTE)
• LTE stands for Long Term Evolution
• Next Generation mobile broadband technology
• Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps
• Based on UMTS 3G technology
• Optimized for All-IP traffic
Advantages of LTE
Comparison of LTE Speed
Major LTE Radio Technogies
• Uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for downlink
• Uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink
• Uses Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO) for enhanced throughput
• Reduced power consumption
• Higher RF power amplifier efficiency (less battery power used by handsets)
LTE Architecture
LTE vs UMTS
• Functional changes compared to the current UMTS architecture
