DOI: 10.22034/ijsst.2021.343353.1350 Research Article
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Effect of priming with nano and micro chelate magnesium in germination characteristics of Hyssopus plants (Hyssopus officinalis L.)under salinity stress
B. Shadkam1, M.H. Gharineh2*, A. Lotfi Jalal-Abadi3, S.A. Moosavi3
1. MSc. Graduated Student, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
(Received: Aug. 23, 2020 – Accepted: Jan. 04, 2021) Abstract
Salinity is one of the main limiting factors for seed germination and seedling growth. The use of nutrients in priming treatment is known as an effective way to improve seed yield In this regard, a factorial experiment was conducted in the Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, based on randomize complete design with three replications. Priming treatment with nano and micro magnesium was performed at five concentrations zero, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg /litr, sepcratly. The durations of 12 and 24 hour were used for seed priming and salinity stress levels were zero, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM made with sodium chloride. The results showed that increasing salinity stress declined hyssop seeds resistance and reduced the germination characteristics of this plant. Priming with 400 mg/litr magnesium microclate produced the highest germination percentage of 89.3%, average germination time of 5.9, seed vigor of 27.2 and root length of 24 mm. The highest germination rate (0.461 per day) and shoot length (18 mm) were observed in control and 400 mg/litr of nano-chelate, respectively. Results showed that nutrient seed priming with micochelate effectively alleviated salinity stress effects and improved seed germination properties compared to nanochelate magnesium. The optimum seed priming treatment obtained from 400 mg/litr micro chelate magnesium for 12 hours.
Keywords: Improve seed performance, Pretreatment, Nano, vigour.
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Table 1- Analysis of variance Effect of Magnesium Nano and Micro Chelated and Salinity on Priming Time on Some Germination Traits
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\0U SO +#
Micro Chelated Magnesium
\0U SO Nano Chelated Magnesium
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time 5 +
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0.001 88.741
^ 100 Error
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.(
= I
* "
- D W S +K , ! \0U ! - %
- C 5 +g + "gB ! &0 ^ [ H j ]^g ! [ "C) "ggg, ! 1
Y0 .(
E -gggf0 W +
E0+
- C 5 + U -
461 /0 ]^ H ) !
) ! +JB "$ ,
+JB , ! ( ! _
12 5
G H0 +?
", ! T0 / ) /0 U6 -
) 150 _
- C 5 +ggg 56 0 /$ "$ gggg, H ) !
ggg G H0 +?
P ^ 100 200 + ( ! +%
t
> ! / ) DH`) b0 +, ! * " ", 6 $
\ . E0+)
- C 5 +gg gg, ]^gg ! U
200 _
5` ) H ) +h SO +# G H0 +? $
\0U
"gggg, "gg$ gggg [ "ggC)
3 ( gg#ggHgg$ "ggHggj .
)
Ahmadi et al., 2015
.(
5ggX I +K 5gg h
[ ` gg$
-0>d) G H0 +?
5 +ggg + - C
5X I !
$
= U% \0U S J( ggg ! E 0 ? .!+
G } #H$
)
Boonyanitipong et al., 2011
.(
r W`) Y0
- ! ! = U% E F ! / ?
H ) +K S k
- C 5 +ggg + ! .! ! ggg
5 /$
- C 5 +gg gg, / ) /0 U6
" ) -
! D (
/0 U6 - % v gggf [ 6 $ / ) b0 +ggg, ! " ( )
E ‡) +? Q0+m) t - ", ,
> $ H$
E n
/$
5 ( 6 5 +ggg - C „ )+ # ( $
", )
Caruso et al., 2009
.(
[ "C 3 -
=+
- C 5 + + G H0 +? , ! \0U SO E -f0 W $!
( )
Table 3- Slice mean comparison of nano-chelated magnesium in salinity and priming time on germination rate (day)
) , ( _
Salinity (mM)
\0U SO ) (+ ( + +%
Nano Chelated Magnesium (mg/L) (5 )
Time
(hours) 0 50 100 150 200
QR0.133b
J-N0.271a
G-K0.307a
D-I0.333b-e
A0.461a 0
12
S0c
N-P0.212a-c
H-L0.297a
D-H0.347b-e
AB0.445a 50
S0c
L-P0.242a-c
G-K0.312a
B-D0.385ab
AB0.440a 100
S0c
K-O0.265ab
E-K0.322a
A-C0.414a
AB0.443a 200
S0c
OP0.201bc
J-N0.272ab
D-J0.329b-e
D-G0.352cd 400
R 0b
PQ0.184c
H-L0.301a
C-F0.377a-c
A0.454a 0
24
S0c
P0.197c
I-M0.275ab
G-K0.306de
C-F0.375bc 50
M-P0.223a
K-O0.268ab
H-L0.301a
C-G0.366a-d
A-C0.415ab 100
S0c
PQ0.185c
M-P0.225b
F-K0.317c-e
C-E0.379bc 200
S0c
M-P0.225a-c
M-P0.225b
H-L0.293e
H-L0.293d 400
{O " $! S J { +j [ H j ]^ ! !
5 b ) "B !
„ + (… U { +j) ~F 5H { +j .", LSD D W S +K E -f0 W -
-
=+ - „ + (&F { +j) 5 5H { +j - % ! 5X I +K $!
× , ]^ +$ ! .",
Different letters represent a significant difference in the probability level of 5% by LSDtest. The letters on the left (capital letters) are related to the comparison of the mean of the triple interactions and the right letters (lowercase letters) related to the Slice effect of the concentration of fertilizer × time on each level of salinity.
! !" OI
* "
H ) +K P ^ggg ! \0U SO p m $
bgg + G H0 +? [ ! gg, p m - C "gggB ! &0 [ H j ]^ggg !
"ggg, !
[ "C) 1
=+ Y0 .(
-gg +K $!
! ! gg - % [ "C)
4 ( - C bgg E0+ H -
+JggB U !
H) P ^
\0U SO
! ! 12
24 5
, ! G H0 +?
200 .", "$ _
/$
5JB E0 "0", -
! C D (!
P ^ , ! _ -
+ E0 ! T0 t
0 HT) > ! H $
6 ",
- C S" /0 U6 QC
5ggg "ggg, .
+) e ^ / ) P ^ ! - G H0 +? E0 150
_
- C b
! ! /$
P ^ G H0 +?
100 200 ."0!+% "$ ggg ! E0 ! + ( ! +%
D (!
! C + E0 _ ]^ggg
/ ) ! - t ) " (
- % ! 0 5ggg /0 U6 v gggf [ 6 $ -
QC - C S" /0 U6 "0 !+%
5gggg
G H0 +?
- C bggg
! H [ 6
\0U . - C ! D ! $ S # . _ ) - HC
+? " f +?
" . & + ) Hf0! " f -
! H* /W _ H [ # 0! /$
! . $ " !
/$
5 ! ! )
Mittler., 2002
( [ "C) 4 ( .
[ "C 4 -
=+
- C b + G H0 +? , ! \0U SO E -f0 W $!
( )
Table 4- Slice mean comparison of nano-chelated magnesium in salinity and priming time on Average germination time (day)
) , ( _
Salinity (mM)
\0U SO ) (+ ( + +%
Nano Chelated Magnesium (mg/l) (5 )
Time
(hours) 0 50 100 150 200
D-H 3.7b
F-I 3.3d
F-K3.3b
F-O3.1ab
M-O2.2b 0
12
Q0.0c
BC4.7bc
F-I3.4b
G-O2.9ab
M-O2.3b 50
Q0.0c
C-E4.3cd
F-K3.2b
I-O2.6ab
M-O2.3b 100
Q0.0c
D-F3.8d
F-M3.1b
J-O2.4b
L-O2.3b 200
Q0.0c
ABC5.1a-c
D-H3.7ab
F-N3.1ab
H-O2.9ab 400
Q0.0c
A5.7a
F-I3.3b
I-O2.6ab
N- O2.2b 0
24
Q0.0c
AB5.1a-c
D-H3.6ab
F-J3.3ab
I-O2.7ab 50
CD4.5a
D-H3.7d
F-I3.3b
I-O2.7ab
K-O2.4b 100
Q0.0c
AB5.4ab
CD4.5a
F-L3.2ab
I-O2.6ab 200
Q0.0c
CD4.4cd
CD4.4a
E-I3.4a
E-I3.4a 400
{O " $! S J { +j [ H j ]^ ! !
5 b ) "B ! S +K E -f0 W - „ + (… U { +j) ~F 5H { +j .", LSD
D W
-
=+ - „ + (&F { +j) 5 5H { +j - % ! 5X I +K $!
× , ]^ +$ ! .",
Different letters represent a significant difference in the probability level of 5% by LSDtest. The letters on the left (capital letters) are related to the comparison of the mean of the triple interactions and the right letters (lowercase letters) related to the Slice effect of the concentration of fertilizer × time on each level of salinity.
#H$ !"
)
Madadi et al., 2014
.(
E F
- C b - " ! H $ >
5`) - !
- ggg, / ) + Ks) . .56 0 /0 U6 !
$
- " f > G H0 +? - " ! H = U%
-gg \ gggf S + -gg ) S gggB
Dgg ggR
-XjO
- C b 5 +
.! ! /$
! ! gggg o 0 -0UT) [ "C Y0
\$+
/
- 5JB + ! , \0U SO +# - % - C bggg
"gggB ! &0 [ H j ]^ggg !
[ "C) "gg, ! 1
- C bgg E0+ gg .(
5X I ! 400
S" ! \0U SO + ( ! +%
24 U - G H0 +?
9/
5 - C ]^ggg ! !
200 .", "$ , _
[ "C ) Y0 5
gggg E -ggggf0 W (
! ! -
V W ! +$ ! - gggf ) \0U SO ! G H0 +?
bggg E0+ ggg ! ggg, R +KL +#
- C
150 ggg, _
- 200 _
DH`) - ggg . - gggf ) \0U SO 0 "$! y W) - C b 5 + + 6 > ! , "$! /0 U6 ggg, +)_ P ^ggg #H$ ˆ 6 .
)
Farooq et al., 2011
( gg $ v? ! . G H0 +? " 6 0 !
>
bggg +‰ +gggM E 0 ? P ^ggg ! Y + $
- C U - 50 .! ! /$ "B !
[ "C 5 -
=+
- C b + G H0 +? , ! \0U SO +# E -f0 W $!
( )
Table 5- Slice mean comparison of micro-chelated magnesium in salinity and priming time on Average germination time (day)
) , ( _
Salinity (mM)
\0U SO +#
) (+ ( + +%
Micro Chelated Magnesium (mg/l) (5 )
Time
(hours) 0 50 100 150 200
F-L3.9c
G-M3.7c
K-R3.3a
L-S3.1a
ST2.2a 0
12
B-G4.7b
F-L3.9bc
L-S3.1a
N-T2.5a
Q-T2.2a 50
A-F 4.8b
B-H4.7a-c
K-Q3.3a
L-S3.1a
P-S2.4a 100
A-E5.1ab
E-K4.2bc
L-P3.4a
M-T2.6a
N-T2.5a 200
A-F5.1ab
C-I4.6bc
G-M3.7a
L-T2.9a
N-T2.5a 400
AB 5.7 a
AB5.7a
L-Q3.3a
M-T2.6a
R-T2.2a 0
24
A-C5.6ab
A-F4.8ab
L-P3.4a
M-T2.6a
R-T2.2a 50
A-C 5.6ab
B-G4.7a-c
H-N3.6a
M-T2.7a
P-T2.4a 100
A-D5.6ab
D-J4.5b-c
I-O3.5a
0-T2.4a
Q-T2.3a 200
A5.9a
B-G4.7a-c
L-P3.5a
N-T2.5a
0-T2.5a 400
{O " $! S J { +j [ H j ]^ ! !
5 b ) "B ! { +j) ~F 5H { +j .", LSD
D W S +K E -f0 W - „ + (… U
-
=+ - „ + (&F { +j) 5 5H { +j - % ! 5X I +K $!
× , ]^ +$ ! .",
Different letters represent a significant difference in the probability level of 5% by LSDtest. The letters on the left (capital letters) are related to the comparison of the mean of the triple interactions and the right letters (lowercase letters) related to the Slice effect of the concentration of fertilizer × time on each level of salinity.
0 \$+ Y0 ! ! ggg, - % ! S +K /
SO D W +K "B ! &0 [ H j ]^
U
\0 !
[ H j ]^ ! , ! ", + k ! D W "B ! Y ?
", ! [ "C) 6 ( .
DB j Y0 )
D#, 1 (
! ! E0+
U -
U - \0 +? ! \0U SO D W +K ! >
4/
7 5X I ! 100
! ! . + ( ! +%
24 5 gg
", "0! G H0 +?
E0+ ! , D W +K ! .
S" - \0 +? , +JB ]^ ! > 0 24
5 U -
1/
17 /0 U6 .", ! T0 - ,
100 _
S"
12 5 h +K 5 E0+
- 5 f 24 5
gg \0 +?
! ! S" E 12
24 G H0 +? 5 gg
{O / ) " ! ! * ) "0!+ "$ ggg !
]^gg ! 50
100 {O _
"$ gg !
]^gg ."gg, 50
gg, _ 24
G H0 +? 5 gg
E0+ ggg ggg, P ^ggg ( 5ggg, ! 0 100
S" E0 " - _ 12
U + - ! 5 gg
! ! /gg0 Ugg6 wgg gggg, Egg0 ! gg +ggKLgg gg gg0
. Š `( - U E0 " F+$
! ! ) D#, 1 .(
[ "C 6 - - C S JB + + G H0 +? ! , \0U SO +# +K o 0 -0UT)
Table 6- Analysis of variance effect of magnesium nano and micro chelated and salinity on priming time on some germination traits
S + E MS
-C !
! .
df
+ d) S.O.V
\0U SO +#
Micro Chelated Magnesium
\0U SO Nano Chelated Magnesium
[
-R -F hypocotyl
length [
- 0 -F
Radical length
> - Vigor index [
-R -F hypocotyl
length [
- 0 -F
Radical length
> - Vigor index
0.025**
1.1**
66.7**
0.949**
0.428**
67.4**
G H0 +? 4 (P) Priming
2.2**
16.5**
2115.7**
2.2**
9.4**
1373.1**
, 4 Salinity (S)
0.124**
0.728**
2.6ns 0.057ns
0.013ns 18.9ns
Time (T) 1
0.034**
0.167**
14.1**
0.179**
0.07* 9.7**
16 P×S
0.063**
0.106**
13.4**
0.019ns 0.203**
16.3**
4 P×T
0.083**
0.103* 1.6ns
0.020ns 0.196**
31.75**
4 S×T
0.053**
0.060**
17.2**
0.012ns 0.028ns
3.3ns 16
P×S×T
0.022 2.65
2.059 0.019
0.029 4.222
Error 100
^
15.2 17.2
16.37 7.4
7.9 - 18.9
S + d) Q0+z CV (%)
+ I Q )+) - ** * ns !
^ [ H j ]^ ! ! 5
1
"B !
Respectively, are no significant and significant at probability level 5% and 1% ** and *ns,
D#, 1 - :p(
E -f0 W +K
D W ! \0U SO U +
> - 6 :e E -f0 W +K
D W ! ,
> - + 6
.
{O " $! S J { +j [ H j ]^ ! !
5 b ) "B ! .", LSD
Figure 1- A: Mean comparision of interaction effects of magnesium nano chelate and duration of seed priming on seed vigor of hyssop B: Mean comparision of interaction effects of salinity
and time of seed priming on seed vigor of hyssopus.
Different letters represent a significant difference in the probability level of 5% by LSD test.
a
c c
e e
a
b
d e
e 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0 50 100 150 200
0 Vigor
) P ! * 0!
(
Salinity (mM (
) p(
( ) A (
12 a 24
d
b bc
a
b bc
a
cd a
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 50 100 200 400
0 Vigor
/0 ! ) 0- : * 0!
(
Magnesium (mg/l)
12 24
(e) (B)
