Investigation of the Chronological Statue of the Bronze Age in East of Lorestan (Based on the Excavation of the Gariran Tepe)
Mehdi Heydari 1 , Abbas Motarjem 2 , Morteza Hesari 3
1. Department of Archeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Email:[email protected] 2. Department of Archaeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Corresponding Author, Email:
3.Department of Archaeology, Iranian Center for Archaological Research, Tehran, Iran. Email:
Cite this The Author(s): Heydari, M; Motarjem,A., Hesari, M; 2022. Investigation of the Chronological Statue of the Bronze Age in East of Lorestan (Based on the Excavation of the Gariran Tepe: Journal of Archaeological Studies /
No. 3, Vol.14, Serial No. 31 / Autumn -(21-44). DOI:10.22059/jarcs.2021.276778.142688 Publisheder: Unversity of Tehran Press
Article If Abstract
Article type:
Research Araticle
Article history:
Received:
8, January, 2022
In Revised form:
20, January, 2022
Accepted:
26, January, 2022
Published onlin:
21, December, 2022
Keywords:
Eastern Lorestan is one of the regions of the Central Zagros region where the fewest number of chronological studies related to the Bronze Age have been conducted. Chronological studies of the Central Zagros are more concentrated than other areas in the Gamasiab river areas in Nahavand and Kangavar. The chronological framework of Lorestan and Gamasiab valley face many problems concerning the Bronze Age. At present, the chronology of Gamasiab and Kangavar region is related to the 1970 and 1980s and so far, the volume and quality of archaeological findings has changed in this areas. In order to clarrify of the chronological status of East of Lorestan, stratigraphic excavation have been carried out at the mound of Gariran in Aleshtar. Excavations in this area have shown that the common pottery of the Bronze Age after the beginning of the Elamite period is a well-made painted pottery style called Godin III. Meanwhile, in the Gamasiab river basin, the Early Bronze Age is known by the Yaniq style. Based on the excavations at Gariran Tepe, it seems that the common cultures in the Bronze Age of Lorestan were mostly related to the western and southern regions of Lorestan. Yaniq pottery has not been obseved widely in this area.
In this study, according to the findings obtained from the excavations at Gariran Tepe, the chronology has been adjusted according to the cultural and regional realities. According to this, the Early Bronze Age (early-to- mid third millennium BCE) has contined without any interruption at Gariran Tepe after the begining of the Elamite period. In this period of pottery, which is common to the old phases of old Godin III (which in Godin’s chronology belongs to the middle period of the Bronze Age) ancient Bronze polychrome pottery. In this study, we have attempted to answer the following questions: What is the chronology of eastern Lorestan during the Bronze Age, and, how can the exploration of Gariran Tepe’s stratigraphy be corrected given the chronological defects of eastern of Lorestan.
Bronze Age, chronological, Gariran tepe, East of Lorestan, East central Zagros.
1. Introduction
Especially in the Central Zagros, with its mountainous plains, the Bronze Age is a prehistoric period which requires further study, especially around the recognition of cultural data in each region. In this regard, it is necessary to study each region of the Central Zagros in detail and carefully with its own cultural data(Fig-3). The Lorestan plain is one of the important and key areas in the Central Zagros. In the Aleshtar plain, which is located in the north of Lorestan, there are 27 ancient sites related to the Bronze Age, which is the largest area related to this period.
Despite the importance of Aleshtar plain and Gariran Tepe in connection with archeological studies, so far no comprehensive study has been done in this area(Fig-2). In the Central Zagros, due to the strength of the stratigraphy of Godin Tepe, Godin ceramic styles have been used often for the Bronze Age chronology and classification of cultural materials of the entire region, especially pottery (Badler 2002, Matthews and Fazeli Nashli 2022).
The Bronze Age is divided into periods IV and III. Period IV dates from the beginning of the third millennium to 2600 BCE and period III is from 2600 to the middle of the second millennium BCE. The period IV is equal to the Early Bronze and the III period which consists of 6 phases, and is considered equal to the Middle and Late Bronze Age.
Since our knowledge of the Early Bronze Age in the Central Zagros is based on the Yaniq type pottery (Kura-Araxes and Caucasus), therefore, Period IV of Godin Tepe has been considered as the Early Bronze by the excavators of this Yaniq type pottery. In addition, regular surveys have shown several areas in relation to the Godin IV period in the Kangavar plain, the Nahavand plain, in Malayer and around Hamedan. The chronological method used at Godin Tepe has been observed in other regions of the Central Zagros and Yaniq type pottery has always been considered as a marker and indicator for distinguishing the Ealy Bronze period.
The most important ancient Bronze sites that have been introduced with this approach can be mentioned in the Malayer plain, including Patape, Gurab, Zoqali and Qale-Now, Pisa Tepe in the Hamedan plain, and also in the Nahavand plain with Sarsam-Gabri, Gark, Baba Rostam, Sardoran village, Solgi, Yazdan, and etc. which has a wide range of Yaniq pottery (Kura- Araxes). Thus the extent of the Godin IV culture in the Central Zagros can be observed, more than anywhere else, in the Gamasiab River Basin. Right on the southern slopes of Green Mountain, the spread of Godin IV culture stopped or reached a minimum. In fact, both sides of Green Mountain have their own cultural characteristics during the Bronze Age, especially in the period of Godin IV.
In view of the above and the leading questions in this field, it seems that the Godin Tepe chronology in the Aleshtar plain cannot be generalized and we should seek to find a chronology with a new look and a different approaches in accordance with the findings in this plain and hill- climbers. In this regard, Gariran Tepe, considering its large area of about 13 hectares and the richness of its cultural finds, could be a hub for Bronze Age studies in this area. In this regard, the authors delineated the stratigraphy of the mounds of Gariran with the aim of examining the status of the Lorestan and Aleshtar plains(Fig-6). In this regard, the most important question studied in this study is: what is the chronology of Aleshtar plain specifically and the eastern Central Zagros in general? To answer this question, in the autumn of 1396, the authors surveyed for 20 days at Gariran Tepe. In the end, three step-trenches were dug through to obtain the requisite data to refine the chronology in question. In this study, three trenches—W.260, W.275a and W275b—were used to determine the stratigraphy of Gariran Tepe. No cultural disruption was observed across these three sondages and all of the cultural phases of these three trenches have continued in a row. The important point is that in both trenches W.260 and W.275a the Bronze Age continued immediately after the beginning of the Elamite period. The findings of the Bronze Age are more comparable to those of Godin III. Therefore, the Early Bronze Age at Godin Tepe (IV) has not been observed in Gariran Tepe and this period can be distinguished by a variety of pottery finds from Godin III period(Fig-8). Considering that in the trench of W.275b, various types of ancient Bronze polychrome pottery of the Poshte-e Kuh
region have been seen along with Godin III pottery (especially phases 6 and 5). Therefore, it is likely that during the Early Bronze Age, various types of Godin III pottery were common at Gariran Tepe. In addition, a type of Godin IV pottery was observed in Sondage W.260 at Locus 1003, in an early Elamite context. Thus, the chronology of Godin Tepe is contradicted in this way as well. At Godin Tepe, Cuyler Young identified the lowest level of the V period and the highest level of the III period as 2900 to 2200 BCE for the Yaniq culture based on carbon-14 analysis of samples from the mound. In other words, Young has considered the origin of Yaniq culture at Godin Tepe to be related to 2900 BCE. Due to this, in the Central Zagros, the beginning of the Yaniq culture was considered to be related to 2900 BCE and at the same time with the Early Bronze Age. Recent studies by Khaksar at Gorab Tepe, however, have challenged the dating of Godin IV to 3150 BCE, the beginning of the Yaniq (Kura-Araxes) culture. This date shows a difference of about 250 years with the IV period at Godin (Khaksar et al., 2014: 62). Another point is that at Gorab Tepe, the pottery of Godin IV contexts (Yaniq) has been seen together with the pottery of the deposited edge of Godin V or the beginning of the Elamite period (according to Khaksar Uruk) (Khaksar et al., 2014: 52). This point shows the similarity in the stratigraphic and chronological structure of Gorab Tepe and Gariran Tepe, where the early Elamite period and the culture of Yaniq (Kura-Aras) have been seen together.
Therefore, the chronology suggested by the authors for eastern Lorestan is as follows: from the end of the fourth millennium to the beginning of the third millennium BCE (about 3200 to 2900 BCE) the cultural tradition of the beginning of the Elamite period (and of course the beginning of Elamite and Yaniq culture at Gariran Tepe) is common in the region and during the Early Bronze Age (from about 2900 BCE to the middle of the third millennium BCE) pottery cultures spread related to the early phases of Godin III and polychrome pottery of the Posht-e Kuh region(Fig-15). Therefore, the other phases of Godin III (i.e., the middle and late phases) are located after the Early Bronze Age in the eastern region of Lorestan. To determine the exact chronology of Eastern Lorestan in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, separate studies are needed.
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻌﺿو ﯿ ﺖ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ
ﻨﺘﺒﻣ) ﯽ ﻻ شوﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯾ
ﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ ﺮﺘﺸﻟا (
ﺪﻬﻣ ي ﺣ ﯿ رﺪ
1ي ، ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ سﺎﺒﻋ
2
، ﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﯽ رﺎﺼﺣ
3ي
1.
نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ
، هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ و ﺮﻨﻫ
، هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺎﻨﯿﺳ ﯽﻠﻋﻮﺑ ناﺪﻤﻫ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ، ﯾ ناﺮ . .
2.
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هوﺮﮔ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ
، ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ ﺳ ﯿ ﺎﻨ ناﺪﻤﻫ ، ناﺪﻤﻫ ا ، ﯾ ناﺮ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار : .
3.
ﮔ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هوﺮ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
، نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
، ﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿ ثاﺮ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ي
، ا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ .
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ–
:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 06 / 12 / 1397
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ي :
30 / 10 / 1400
:شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 30 / 06 / 1401
:رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 30 / 09 / 1401
هژاو يﺎﻫ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ :
ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﺣاﻮﻧ زا ﯽ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ي
ﻢﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد
ةرود نآ رد غﺮﻔﻣ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺖﺳا نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ي
ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﺣﺎﻧ ﺮﻫ زا ﯿ ﻪ دﯾ ﺮﮕ ي
،
ﺳﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ رد ﯿ
بﺎ رد قﺎﺒﻄﻧا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ روﺎﮕﻨﮐ و ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻧ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ هرد و
ﺳﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﯿ بﺎ ﺪﻋ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ رد ﯾ
هﺪ ا ي ﻮﺳ زا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽﯾ
، يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯿ
بﺎ روﺎﮕﻨﮐ و
ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﻪﻫد ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 1970
و 1980 ﮐ و ﻢﺠﺣ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ و هدﻮﺑ ﯿﻔ
ﯿ ﺖ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯿﺰ
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮ ﻮﻤﻧ ﻌﺿو ندﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﺷور رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هد ﯿ
ﺖ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد ،نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ
ﯾ ناﺮ شوﺎﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﻟا
ﻻﯾ ﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي شوﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ي ا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﯾ
ﻦ ﻪﮐ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ
ار لﺎﻔﺳ ﯾ ﺞ زا ﺲﭘ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ رد ةرود
ﻋ زﺎﻏآ ﯿ ﻣﻼ ﯽ
، ﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﯽ دﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ مﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ شﻮﺧ شﻮﻘﻨﻣ ﯾ
ﻦ III
ﺳا ا .ﺖ ﯾ ﻦ ﻟﺎﺣ رد ﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ رد ،ﺖﺳا ﯿ
بﺎ ةرود ﺪﻗ ﯾﻢ لﺎﻔﺳ ﺎﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ﯾﻧﺎ
ﯿﻘ ﯽ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ شوﺎﮐ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﯾ
،ناﺮ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﺪﺳر ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ار ﯾ ﺞ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ رد
ﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ ﯿ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﺣاﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯽ ا رد .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ بﻮﻨﺟ و بﺮﻏ ﯾ
ﻦ ﺣﺎﻧ ﯿ ﻪ لﺎﻔﺳ ﯾﻧﺎ ﯿﻘ ﯽ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
هﺪﺸﻧ ﯾﺎ د ترﺪﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
هﺪ ا رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻦ ﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﮔ شوﺎﮐ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ناﺮ
يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﻌﻗاو ﺎﺑ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯿ
ﻢ ا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻦ ،سﺎﺳا ةرود ﺪﻗ ﯾﻢ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ
اوا) ﯾ ﻞ ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد (م.پ مﻮﺳ هراﺰﻫ ﻂﺳاوا ﺎﺗ ﯾ
ناﺮ زا ﺲﭘ ةرود ﻋ زﺎﻏآ ﯿ ﻣﻼ ﯽ ﻫ نوﺪﺑ ﯿ ﭻ ﻪﻔﻗو ا ي ﻪﻣادا ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ا رد .ﺖﺳا ﯾ ﻦ ةرود زﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ مﻮﺳﻮﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺪﻗ ﯾﻢ دﻮﮔ ﯾ ﻦ رد ﻪﮐ)III يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ دﻮﮔ
ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ةرود
ﻣﯿ ﻧﺎ ﯽ ﻠﭘ لﺎﻔﺳ و (ﺖﺳا غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﯽ
موﺮﮐ ﺪﻗ غﺮﻔﻣ ﯾﻢ ا رد .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد جاور ﯾ
ﻦ ﻌﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ
تﻻاﺆﺳ ز ﯾﺮ ﻌﺿو :دﻮﺷ هداد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯿ
ﺖ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ رد نﺎﺘ ةرود ﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ﯽ
و ؟ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ
ﺎﮐ شو ﻻ ﯾﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ ﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ رﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺺﻗاﻮﻧ حﻼﺻا رد ي
؟ددﺮﮔ ﻊﻗاو نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ
،غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ
، ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯾ
،ناﺮ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز قﺮﺷ ،نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ ي
.
:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﺣ ﯿ رﺪ ي
، ﺪﻬﻣ ي
؛
،ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ سﺎﺒﻋ
؛ رﺎﺼﺣ
،ي ﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﯽ ، 1401 . ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻌﺿو ﯿ ﺖ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﻨﺘﺒﻣ) نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﯽ
ﻻ شوﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯾﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ﻪﭙﺗ
ﺮﮔ ﯾ ناﺮ (ﺮﺘﺸﻟا - ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
، رود ة 14 رﺎﻤﺷ ، ة 3 ﺎﭘ ، ﯿﯾ ﺰ ﯽﭘﺎﯿﭘ 31 - ) 44 - 21 .(
DOI: 10.22059/jarcs.2021.276778.142688 ﻣ :ﺮﺷﺎﻧ ﺆ ﺴﺳ ﮥ ارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ت
1.
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺑ و ناﺮﯾا تﻼﻓ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ راودا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻪ
صﻮﺼﺧ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز
ﺖﺷد ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﯿﻣ هداد ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﺤﻣ لﻮﺣ ،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ ﯽﻫﻮﮐ نآ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا سﺮﮔاز
يﺰﮐﺮﻣ هداد ﺎﺑ ﻖﯿﻗد و ﻪﻧﺎﻨﯿﺑﺰﯾر ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
رد يﺪﯿﻠﮐ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ زا ﯽﮑﯾ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ دﻮﺧ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز
ﺖﺷد رد .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد ،
ﺮﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ،دراد راﺮﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ لﺎﻤﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﻟا 27
دراد دﻮﺟو غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ
گرﺰﺑ ﯾا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻦ
ةرود رد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ و ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﯿﻤﻫا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ
نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻘﯿﻗد و ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ،ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز رد ،ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا ﻻﯾ
ﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ،ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ
ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺖﻬﺟ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺮﺼﻋ
غﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ هﻮﯿﺷ زا ،لﺎﻔﺳ صﻮﺼﺨﻟا
يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﭙﺗ
ﮥ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
Matthews & Nashli, 2022: 267)
ﻪﯾﻻ ود ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ (
وIV
ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗIII
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ةرود
زاIV
راﺰﻫ ﻞﯾاوا ة
ﺎﺗ مﻮﺳ 2600 و م.پ ةرود زاIII
2600 راﺰﻫ ﻂﺳاوا ﺎﺗ ة
.پ مود ﯽﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ار م ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
ةرود ﺎﺑIV
و ﻢﯾﺪﻗ غﺮﻔﻣ ةرود
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐIII
6 هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ و ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻣ راودا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا زﺎﻓ ﺪﻧا
(Rothman,
2011: 141-142; Henrickson, 2011: 210)
ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا . ةرود
رد غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻢﯾﺪﻗ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز
ارﻮﮐ) ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ عﻮﻧ لﺎﻔﺳ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ -
را ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ (زﺎﻘﻔﻗ اروﺎﻣ ﺎﯾ س
(Bureny,1964: 54-61)
ﻦﯾا زا ، ،ور ةرود
IV
ﭙﺗ ﮥ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻢﯾﺪﻗ غﺮﻔﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا ناﺮﮕﺷوﺎﮐ يﻮﺳ زا ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ عﻮﻧ لﺎﻔﺳ دﻮﺟو ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
(Young, 1967: 139-140)
&
Matthews & Nashli, 2022:253)
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .(
يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻈﻨﻣ هرد رد ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ،ناﺪﻤﻫ و ﺮﯾﻼﻣ ،ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﺷد ،روﺎﮕﻨﮐ ي ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ةرود ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ار IV
ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ
) Young & Levine, 1967: 17 & 18 and Meson & cooper, 1999: 25-30
هﻮﯿﺷ ﻦﯾا .(
يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ و هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﺰﯿﻧ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد ﻪﺘﻓر رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ
عﻮﻧ لﺎﻔﺳ هراﻮﻤﻫ
ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و كﻼﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ ةرود
ﻢﻬﻣ زا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻢﯾﺪﻗ غﺮﻔﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ) دﺮﮑﯾور ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻢﯾﺪﻗ غﺮﻔﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ (ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ لﺎﻔﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ / IV
ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧا رد ناﻮﺗ
ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯾﻼﻣ ﺖﺷد ﻪﭙﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
،ﯽﻧاﻮﺿر) 1386
) بارﻮﮔ ،( و رﺎﺴﮐﺎﺧ
،ﯽﺘﻤﻫ 1393 :ناﺮﮕﯾد و رﺎﺴﮐﺎﺧ ؛ 1393
: 66 -
،(47
ﻪﻌﻠﻗ و ﯽﻟﺎﻏذ ﻮﻧ
) ،ناﺮﮕﯾد و نﺎﺠﻧﺎﺟ 1393
: 232 - 215 ﮏﯿﺑ ؛ ،ناﺮﮕﯾد و يﺪﻤﺤﻣ 1393
: 252 - 233
ﭙﺗ ،(
ﮥ ﺖﺷد رد ﺎﺴﯿﭘ
ناﺪﻤﻫ
يﺪﻤﺤﻣ) ،ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ و ﺮﻓ 1383
،ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ؛ 1390 ،ﯽﺳﺎﻤﻟا و ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ؛ 1392
: 62 - 51
) ﺪﻧوﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﺷد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،( و ﯽﻨﯿﺳﺮﻫ
،ناﺮﮕﯾد 1387 ؛ ،ﯽﻗاﺮﺳ 1384 ،ﯽﻗاﺮﺳ و ؛
ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﺑ (1389
مﺎﺳﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ،كﺮﮔ ،يﺮﺒﮔ
يﺎﺘﺳور ،ﻢﺘﺳر ،نارودﺮﺳ
) ...و نادﺰﯾ ،ﯽﮕﻠﺳ
،ﯽﮑﻤﻠﺑ 1393 : 110 -
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻒﯿﻃ ياراد ﻪﮐ (91
ارﻮﮐ) ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ لﺎﻔﺳ رﻮﻀﺣ ي -
،ﺖﺳا (سرا
.دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ د ﯽﯾﺎﺟﺮﻫ زا ﺶﯿﺑ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز ردIV
هﺪﯾد بﺎﯿﺳﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ر
ﻪﻨﻣاد رد ﺖﺳرد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﮔ هﻮﮐ ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣIV
هﺪﺷ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ و
ﻪﻨﻣاد) ﻦﯾﺮﮔ هﻮﮐ ﺖﻤﺳ ود ﻊﻗاو رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺼﺧﺎﺷ ياراد (هﻮﮐ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
و غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ رد دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ
وﯾ هﮋ ةرود ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ و قﻮﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳاIV
تﻻاﺆﺳ
ِﺶﯿﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ور
،ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺳر يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ار ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد رد ﻪﭙﺗ
ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يدﺮﮑﯾور و ﻮﻧ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ
رد .دﻮﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ و ﺖﺷد ﻦﯾا رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯾا دوﺪﺣ ﺖﻌﺳو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ،طﺎﺒﺗرا 13
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻨﻏ و يرﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﯽﻣ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
هﺮﮔ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﺸﮔ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾا رد غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد رﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ
ي و شوﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد و نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ
ﻻﯾ ﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي ا رد .ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾ
ﻦﯾﺮﺗ لاﺆﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ
يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ رد ،ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ؟ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ سﺮﮔاز قﺮﺷ و ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد
1396
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ 20
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ماﺪﻗا زور نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد .ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻧز
3 ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ
هداد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻌﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ نآ زا زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ ي تﻻاﺆﺳ
:دﻮﺷ هداد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﯾز
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ
رد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ ةرود
ﻪﯾﻻ شوﺎﮐ و ؟ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ يرﺎﮕﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ
؟ددﺮﮔ ﻊﻗاو نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ قﺮﺷ يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺺﻗاﻮﻧ حﻼﺻا رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
2 ﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ . نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ و ﯽﯾ
ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ :
گرﺰﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
رد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ .دراد راﺮﻗ ﺖﺷد ﻦﯾا لﺎﻤﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ 48
و ﻪﺟرد 14
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
و ﯽﻗﺮﺷ لﻮﻃ 33
و ﻪﺟرد 54
رد ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ضﺮﻋ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 300
يﺮﺘﻣ
اﺮﯾﺮﮔ يﺎﺘﺳور و ن
200 ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪﻤﺸﭼ ﺪﻨﭼ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نﺎﻤﻬﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور بﺮﻏ يﺮﺘﻣ
» لﺎﻤﮐ ﯽﻨﮐ «
و
» ﺖﺨﺗ ﯽﻨﮐ «
زا يﺪﻨﺗ ﺐﯿﺷ ياراد ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﯽﻀﯿﺑ هﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ .ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺟو ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻨﻣاد رد
عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا فاﺮﻃا 25
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻣز
ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ،فاﺮﻃا 300 ،لﻮﻃ ﺮﺘﻣ 250
ﻌﺳو و ضﺮﻋ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖ
ﯽﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ 75000 گرﺰﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ
مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﻟا نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻦﯿﻣز و ﻪﭙﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ فاﺮﻃا يﺎﻫ
لﺎﺳ رد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ 1380
.ـﻫ ش ﻪﺑ ،.
ةرﺎﻤﺷ 3753
ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ 18
ﺮﯿﺗ 1380 ) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻠﻣ رﺎﺛآ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ رد
ﯽﮐوزﺎﭘ ،ﺮﻬﻣدﺎﺷ و 1380
:
.(408
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 1 ،نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ) ناﺮﯾا بﺮﻏ رد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ و ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ : 1401
(
Fig. 1: Location of Aleshtar and Gariran Tepe in western Iran (Authors, 2022)
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ،نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ) ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻤﻧ : 1396
(
Fig. 2: North view of Griran Tepe (Authors, 2017)
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 3 ،نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ) ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ﺖﺷد لﺎﻤﺷ رد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ : 1396
(
Fig. 3: The Location of Griran Tepe in the north of Aleshtar plain (Authors, 2017)
:ﺖﺳا هدروآ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ زا دﻮﺧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ شراﺰﮔ رد يدﺎﺠﺳ ﯽﻠﻋ
» ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ي هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ
ﻪﻐﯿﺗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ،ﺮﺘﺸﻟا ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ رﺎﺛآ يور ﺮﺑ لﺎﻔﺳ و ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ،نآ يﺎﻫ زا ار ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ناﻮﺗ
ﺎﺗ .م.ق مرﺎﻬﭼ هراﺰﻫ ةرود
ﺖﺴﻧاد ﯽﻣﻼﺳا «
،يدﺎﺠﺳ) 1376 : 146
بﺎﺘﮐ رد ﯽﻤﯾﺮﮐ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ .(
» هار و ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺨﺘﯾﺎﭘ ناﺮﯾا بﺮﻏ ﯽﻤﯾﺪﻗ يﺎﻫ «
ﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد راودا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا رﺎﺛآ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ دراد هرﺎﺷا ناﺮﯾ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رﺎﺛآ يو ﺮﻈﻧ زا ؛ﺖﺳا نﺎﯿﺸﻨﻣﺎﺨﻫ و نﺎﯿﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ نﺎﻣز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،ﺰﯿﻧ رﺎﺛآ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ و ﯽﻣﻼﺳا ،(.م.ق لوا هراﺰﻫ) ﺖﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ لﺎﺳ راﺰﻫ ﻪﺳ
،ﯽﻤﯾﺮﮐ) 1329 : 161
ﻪﻐﯿﺗ يدوواد.(
ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﭙﺗ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ار ةرود
ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ
(Chalcolithic)
ﯽﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ راودا ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ،يو ﺮﻈﻧ زا .ﺪﻧاد ةرود
ﺲﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﮓﻨﺳ
(Middle Chalcolithic)
ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗIV
ةرود هﺪﺷ هﺪﯾد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ رد ﯽﻣﻼﺳا
،يدوواد) ﺖﺳا 1385
: 65 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .(
ﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺎﮔﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ زا ﯽﮑﯾ) يرﺪﯿﺣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ لﺎﻔﺳ يور ﺮﺑ (ﻪﻟﺎ
ﺮﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺷاد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ غﺮﻔﻣ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺪﻧا
) ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ارIII ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يرﺪﯿﺣ
.( 1394
3 شوﺎﮐ حﺮﺷ . ﻪﯾﻻ شوﺎﮐ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ زا ﺲﭘ رد ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ سﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﺘﮐد ﯽﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا رد شوﺎﮐ زﻮﺠﻣ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ يرﺎﮕﻧ
ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 6 نﺎﺑآ 1396 ﻪﺑ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 2824 / 34 / 962141 نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﻮﺳ زا
.ﺪﺷ ردﺎﺻ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻫﯿ
تﺄ شوﺎﮐ
ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ زا ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ 16
ﺎﺗ نﺎﺑآ 6 رذآ 1396 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 20
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا رد زور ﯽﻃ .ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻧز
تﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا 3
ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ،رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ .ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻠﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ
ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﭙﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﮐ يزﺎﺠﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﯾﺮﻔﺣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا .دﻮﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻪﯾﻻ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ رﺎﭼد ﻪﭙﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ر ﯾ ﮕﺘﺨ ﯽ نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ دﺎﺠﯾا ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
هداد ﻞﯿﻤﮑﺗ و ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫ
ﻫﯿ تﺄ .ﺖﺳا هداد ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ شوﺎﮐ
ﺗ يﻻﺎﺑ زا و ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﻊﻠﺿ رد شوﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ .ﺪﺷ عوﺮﺷ ﻪﭙ
ضﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ يا 2
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﯾواز ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ 260
ﻪﺟرد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ،ﺖﺷاد لﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ يا
W.260
مﺎﻧ .ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ داﻮﻣ ﺖﺒﺛ هﻮﯿﺷ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ .ﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ دﺪﻋ زا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻫ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ 1000
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ
ﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ 1000
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ و ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽﺤﻄﺳ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ناﻮ نآ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻢﻬﻣ زا ... و ﯽﺘﻔﺳ و ﯽﺘﺴﺳ ،تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،ﮓﻧر ،كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﺖﺒﺛ ياﺮﺑ .دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻫﯿ تﺄ ﻮﻟ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ مﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽﻣﺮﻓ شوﺎﮐ سﻮﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﻊﻠﺿ رد ﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ود .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ ﺖﺷاد نﺎﮑﻣا ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ ﺎﺗ نآ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ لﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
W.275a
و
W.275b
مﺎﻧ ﻪﯾﻻ رﺎﮐ هﺪﻤﻋ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ رد يرﺎﮕﻧ
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ود ﻦﯾا
W.275a
مﺎﻧ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ يراﺬﮔ دﺪﻋ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد و ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ2000 W.275b
زا
دﺪﻋ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ3000
3 - 1.
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ W.260
ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ زا ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد1000
W.260
طﺎﻘﻧ ﻪﯿﻘﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻻﺎﺑ رد ﭗﭼ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﯾواز ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻔﻨﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رﺎﻬﭼ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ
W.260
داﺪﻋا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،1000
،1001
و 1002
مﺎﻧ 1003
ﻖﯿﻤﻋ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
،ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ1003
121 -
ﻞﯾﺎﻣ لﻮﻃ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد شوﺎﮐ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ
5 و ﺮﺘﻣ 10 ﺰﯿﻧ نآ ﯽﻘﻓا لﻮﻃ و ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ 4
و ﺮﺘﻣ 50 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ رد .ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
W.260
زﺎﻏآ ،ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا زا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ شوﺎﮐ عوﺮﺷ زا ﺶﯿﭘ
ﻪﯾﻻ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ زا ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾا ،ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ غﺮﻔﻣ و ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ يرﺎﮕﻧ
.ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ
ﺼﺗ رﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﯾﻮ ة 4 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ حﺮﻃ و ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ : W.260
Fig. 4: Image and design of trench W.260
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ1000
،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ و ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ ،ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا زا يا
زا ﺶﯿﭘ راودا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ رﺎﺛآ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ةرود
ﺟ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ،كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﺑﺎ
ﺮﯿﻏ و هﺪﺷ ﺎﺟ
.ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ ﻖﻤﻋ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد شوﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا رد 42
- هزﺎﺳ زا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ،دﻮﺑ راوآ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يا
توﺎﻔﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺸﻧ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ هزﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ .ﺪﺷ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺎﻧ1001
م ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺘﺸﺧ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ،ﯽﮕﻨﺳ راوآ رﺎﻨﮐ رد .ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ ؛
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ غﺮﻔﻣ و ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ ،ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا زا ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ داﻮﻣ ﻢﻫ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا رد1000
ﻖﻤﻋ رد و سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﺮﯾز رد 52
- ﺖﻔﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﯾد ﯽﮕﻨﺳ هدﻮﺗ ﻪﻣادا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﮓﻧر و ﺮﺗ
هﺮﯿﺗ رد كﺎﺧ ﺮﺗ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾا
مﺎﻧ1002
ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ ؛
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ داﻮﻣ هﺪﻤﻋ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
صﻮﺼﺨﺑ و ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا ةرود
ﻪﻐﯿﺗ ﺰﯾر .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ راﺰﺑا و ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺮﮕﯾد زا ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
.ﺖﺳا سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﺸﺧ و ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ،
1 و ﺮﺘﻣ 20
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ هراﻮﯾد زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
W.260
شوﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا ﺎﺑ ،ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد ﻪﻠﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﺷﺮﺑ ،
ﻖﻤﻋ رد و ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد 86
- سﻮﮐﻮﻟ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا رد كﺎﺧ ﮓﻧر .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ1003
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﺷور 1002
ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ ،ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ
كﺎﺧ ناﻮﻨﻋ زا ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
» ﻢﮑﺤﻣ « مﺮﻓ رد يﺎﻫ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد كﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ ياﺮﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﺖﺒﺛ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ هﺪﻤﻋ .ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺎﺟﺮﺑ1003
صﻮﺼﺨﺑ و ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ةرود
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﯾ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻘﺑ نﺎﯿﻣ رد .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ
ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ لﺎﻔﺳ
رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ) ة
11 رد ﻞﮑﺷ 5
ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ(
ﻟﺎﺣ رد ﯽ ﻪﻨﻣاد رد نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﻘﯿﻧﺎﯾ لﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ رد و ﻦﯾﺮﮔ هﻮﮐ
رﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ة
5 راﺰﻫ ﺮﺧاوا لﺎﻔﺳ : ة
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ م.پ مﻮﺳ هراﺰﻫ ﻞﯾاوا و مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد1003
W.260
Fig. 5: Pottery of the late fourth millennium and early third millennium BC Loc. 1003 in trench W.260
نآ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ رﺎﺛآ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ
ةرود صﻮﺼﺨﺑ و ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ ةرود
،هدﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ
ﻖﻤﻋ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد رﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا 121
- ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا .ﺪﺷ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ زا ﺶﯿﭘ نارود ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ
W.260
رد غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ،ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ يﻻﺎﺑ رد
نآ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا .دﻮﺑ ﻒﯿﻌﺿ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ
يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﻢﻬﻣ زا نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ
فاﺪﻫا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﯾﻻ رﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا ،ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ،دﻮﺑ هژوﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾﺮﮔ ﻪﭙﺗ يرﺎﮕﻧ
ﻪﯿﺣ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ زا ﺮﮕﯾد يا
3 - 2 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ . W.275a
دوﺪﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد و ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ دﺪﺠﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ 90
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ يﺮﺘﻣ
W.260
،لﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ
W.275a
ﻪﯾﻻ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يرﺎﮕﻧ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رد .ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هداد
ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﻗ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا رد غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ را
ةرود ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
III
نآ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نآ ندﻮﺑ بﺮﻏ ﻪﺑ ور ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ يروآدﺮﮔ ﻪﯾواز رد ﻪﮐ
275 ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺟرد
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ لﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ
W.275a
مﺎﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ داﺪﺘﻣا رد .ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﻨﻣاد رد و
ﺮﺗ
،ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻪﯾواز ﮏﯾ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا .ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺮﮕﯾد يا a
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ و
ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا ضﺮﻋ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﻧb .ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺮﺘﻣ ودW260
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 6 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ حﺮﻃ و ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ :
W.275a
Fig. 6. Image and design of trench W.275a
مﺎﻧ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ يراﺬﮔ دﺪﻋ زا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ2000
؛ كﺎﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
و ﺖﺴﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ،دﻮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ راودا زا نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺨﯾر ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺗ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﻧ2000
33 - ﻪﺸﯾر .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻮﻣ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ دا ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا زا .ﺖﺳا سﻮﮐﻮﻟ 140
،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ راودا زا لﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ 5
شﻮﻘﻨﻣ ﯽﻠﮔ كﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﮏﯾ ،ﯽﮕﻨﺳ راﺰﺑا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
.ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ ﺶﻓرد ﮏﯾ و ﻖﻤﻋ رد 33
- سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﯽﮕﻨﺳ راﻮﯾد ﮏﯾ زا يرﺎﺛآ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ2001
ﺳ شﺰﯾر ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨ
ﯽﮕﻨﺳ هزﺎﺳ راوآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﯾا ،نآ ياﺮﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ مﺪﻋ و ﺎﻫ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا كﺎﺧ .ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ رد .ﺖﺳا ﺖﺴﺳ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ياراد و يا
لﺎﻔﺳ ﺰﯿﭼ ﺮﻫ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ،ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ
لﺎﻔﺳ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﯾدIII
د يﺎﻫ زا ﮓﻧر و
.ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا رد رﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا ﯽﮕﻨﺳ راوآ دﻮﺟو ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺣ يا
1 و ﺮﺘﻣ 50 هراﻮﯾد زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﻪﻠﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ ﻖﻤﻋ رد .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا يا
110 - ﯽﺘﺸﺧ راوآ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﺮﯾز رد ﺖﺳرد و يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ
،2001
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﯾا كﺎﺧ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ 2002
ﻦﺷور سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦ ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ و ﺮﺗ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺗ
2001
ﻪﯾﻻ و ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺟﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
داﺪﻌﺗ .ﺪﻨﺳر 44
ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ داﻮﻣ هﺪﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ راودا زا لﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ةرود
ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ،III
ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ زﺎﻓ
III:2
ﻪﻐﯿﺗ ﺰﯾر و ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﯾآ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ
2003
ﻖﻤﻋ زا 122 - ﯽﻣ عوﺮﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺗ و دﻮﺷ
185 - ﯽﻣ ﻪﻣادا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا رد كﺎﺧ ﮓﻧر هﺮﯿﺗ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و يا
ﻢﮑﺤﺘﺴﻣ كﺎﺧ .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ ﻤﮐ و ﺮﺗ
ﯽ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ هﺪﯿﺑﻮﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ .ﺪﺳر
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ يﺎﻫ ةرود
ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ ار سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ III
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ .ﺪﻨﻫد
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 7 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ غﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺼﻋ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ راﺰﺑا : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد2003
W.275a
Fig. 7: Lithic tool Bronze Age Loc. 2003 in trench W.275a
عﺎﻔﺗرا زا 185
- ﺎﺗ 200 - ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
W.275a
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
2004
ﻦﯾا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا
هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ ﯽﮐﺎﺧ ياراد و ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺮﯿﺗ يا
ةرود ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا وIII
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮕﻨﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ يﺎﻫ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﻐﯿﺗ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ ﯽﺷ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﮏﯾ .ﺖﺳا2004
زا
.ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯾا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ
ﻖﻤﻋ رد ﻪﮐ 200
- ﯽﺘﺸﺧ گرﺰﺑ راﻮﯾد ﮏﯾ زا يرﺎﺛآ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾا زا ،ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ مﺎﻧ2005
ﺖﺸﺧ .ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ گرﺰﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا ياراد ﺎﻫ
42
× 42 عﺎﻔﺗرا و 12
ﺧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﮏﻫآ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻠﮔ طﻼﻣ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﺸ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﭘ ار ﺎﻫ رد راﻮﯾد .ﺪﻨﮐ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻗﺮﺷ لﺎﻤﺷ ﯽ
ﺑﺮﻏ بﻮﻨﺟ– ﯽ
.ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ داﺪﺘﻣا ﻪﭽﻧآ
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد
W.275a
دوﺪﺣ راﻮﯾد ،دﻮﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
2 و ﺮﺘﻣ 50 .دراد ﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 8 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ لﺎﻔﺳ : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد2007
W.275a يﺎﻫزﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
III:6 و III:5 ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
Fig. 8: Pottery of Loc. 2007 in trench W.275a related to phases III:6 and III:5 Godin
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا شوﺎﮐ ﺮﮔا ،ﺪﺳر
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻣادا قﺮﺷ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑ ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ
ﻦﯾا زا راﻮﯾد يﺎﻨﻬﭘ ﮏﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺾﯾﺮﻋ راﻮﯾد ﻦﯾا يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ
ﮏﯾ ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ راﻮﯾد زا ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ،ﺪﺳر ژد
لﺎﻔﺳ ،ﯽﺘﺸﺧ راﻮﯾد ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هدﻮﺑ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ شﻮﻘﻨﻣ و هدﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
نآ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ ةرود
ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ .ﺖﺳاIII
رد ﻖﻤﻋ 255 - ،ﯽﺘﺸﺧ راﻮﯾد ﺮﯾز رد ﺖﺳرد و ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ هﻮﻬﻗ كﺎﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ 2006
هﺮﯿﺗ يا .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺴﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و
لﺎﻔﺳ ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ و ﮓﻨﺳ و ﺲﻣ راودا زا ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ زاIII
عﺎﻔﺗرا زا .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ2006
273 - ﺎﺗ 361 -
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ هﻮﻬﻗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا كﺎﺧ .ﺖﺳا2007
.ﺖﺳا ﺖﻔﺳ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ياراد و ﻦﺷور يا
ﻼﻋ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ قﺎﺠﻨﺳ ﮏﯾ دوﺪﺣ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑ هو
55 ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا زا لﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ
ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ةرود ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫIII
عﺎﻔﺗرا رد 283
- يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﺳ
ﭼ ﯿ ﻦ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ ﺮﻈﻧ رد رﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ2008
دﻮﺧ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ زا و هﺪﺷ زﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا زا ﺶﯿﭘ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﯿﻏ نارﺎﻔﺣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ
ﺶﺨﺑ ،دﻮﺟو ﻂﺳﻮﺗ رﻮﮔ ﻞﺧاد ﺎﯿﺷا زا يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ رود نﺎﻧآ سرﺮﯿﺗ زا رﻮﮔ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﻫﯿ تﺄ .ﺪﺷ شوﺎﮐ ،
هﻮﯿﺷ زا ﮓﻨﺳ ﭼ ﯿ ﻦ ﺖﻬﺟ رﻮﮔ لﺎﻤﺷ
ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﺑﺮﻏ بﻮﻨﺟ – ﯽ
فاﺮﻃا و رﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﺳا ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ نآ ياﺮﺑ
ا ﺎﺑ ؛ﺪﺷ هﺪﯾد هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا يداﺪﻌﺗ نآ هﺪﯾد نﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﻠﮑﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻀﻋا و ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾ
:ﺖﺳا ﻞﯾذ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ رﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﺷا زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ .ﺪﺸﻧ 1 - ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ نﺎﮑﭘ دﺪﻋ ﮏﯾ 3
يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
2 - ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ ﻮﻗﺎﭼ دﺪﻋ ﮏﯾ 15
يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
3 - ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﺳ زﺮﮔﺮﺳ 5
عﺎﻔﺗرا و ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ 7
ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
4 - 5 هزاﺪﻧا رد شﻮﻘﻨﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ فوﺮﻇ دﺪﻋ ﺎﻫ
ﮏﭼﻮﮐ و گرﺰﺑ ي
5 - ﻞﮑﺷ) ﮓﻧر يﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ فﺮﻇ 16
و 17
،ﯽﺑﺮﺳ و يﺰﻧﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﺎﯿﺷا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ةرود
ﻦﯾدﻮﮔ
III:2
رد شوﺎﮐ ﻪﻣادا .ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار يﺮﺧا ﻞﮔ زا هﺪﯿﺷﻮﭘ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺑ رﻮﮔ ﻒﮐ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺳر
؛ رد ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻖﻤﻋ 350 - ﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻤﺗﺎﺧ رﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ يﺮﺘ
رﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ة
9 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد نآ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﯿﺷا و رﻮﮔ حﺮﻃ : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ2008
W.275a
Fig. 9: Design of grave and related objects of Loc. 2008 in trench W.275a
رﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ة
10 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ غﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﺳ زﺮﮔﺮﺳ و ﯽﻏﺮﻔﻣ ﺎﯿﺷا : د2008
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ر W.275a
Fig. 10: Bronze objects and lead mace head related to the New Bronze Age of Loc. 2008 in trench W.275a
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 11 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ غﺮﻔﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد2008
W275a
Fig. 11: New Bronze Age pottery of Loc. 2008 in trench W.275a
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﻤﺷ ةر 12 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ غﺮﻔﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد2008
W.275a
Fig. 12: New Bronze Age pottery of Loc. 2008 in trench W.275a
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 13 سﻮﮐﻮﻟ رد ﺪﯾﺪﺟ غﺮﻔﻣ لﺎﻔﺳ : ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد2008
W.275a
Fig. 13: New Bronze Age pottery of Loc. 2008 in trench W.275a
ﻖﻤﻋ زا 380
- ﺎﺗ 410 - سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽﻤﮐ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا كﺎﺧ .ﺖﺳا 2009
ﺖﻔﺳ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺘﺨﯾراو ﻪﺒﻟ لﺎﻔﺳ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ و ﯽﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ زا ﺮﺗ ةرود
ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻣﻼﯿﻋ زﺎﻏآ
.ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ سﻮﮐﻮﻟ
3 - 3 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ . W.275b
يدﻮﻤﻋ عﺎﻔﺗرا رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا 445
- ﺎﺳ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
W.275a
مﺎﻧ .دراد راﺮﻗ يراﺬﮔ
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ دﺪﻋ زا ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ 3000
ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ رد سﻮﮐﻮﻟ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
W.275b
سﻮﮐﻮﻟ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد3000
ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ةرﺎﻤﺷ 14 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ حﺮﻃ و ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ : W.275b
Fig. 14: Image and design of trench W.275b
