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Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2017, 37 (1), 4354

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f.sohrabi1361@gmail.com; fsohrabi@pgu.ac.ir

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Toxicity of neem and chinaberry extracts and additive effect of the essential oil Salvia mirzayaniion the date palm spider mite,

Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae) Fariba Sohrabi^1&*& Mohammad Amin Kohanmoo²

1- Persian Gulf University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Bushehr 75169, Iran & 2- Persian Gulf University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Breeding, Bushehr 75169

*Corresponding author, E-mail: f.sohrabi1361@gmail.com; fsohrabi@pgu.ac.ir

Abstract

The date palm spider mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (MCG.), is one of the important pests of date palm in the south of Iran where the application of a wide range of chemical acaricides by growers adversely affects the quality of harvest. Acaricidal activity of water extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Melia azedarach L., on adult O. afrasiaticus, was evaluated and compared with a commerical formulation of A. indica (Neemgold) under laboratory condition. Additive effect of the essential oil of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfandon these plant extracts was studied through dipping the date fruits in the extracts. Both plants showed acaricidal activity against O. afrasiaticus and the LC50 were 0.06% (commercial Neemgold), 2.23% (A. indica) and 3.25% (M. azedarach).

The additive effect of S. mirzayanii in combined application with palnt extracts against O.

afrasiaticus was observed as well.

Keywords: Plant extracts, date palm spider mite, neem, chinaberry, toxicity Received: 1 December 2016, Accepted: 12 February 2017

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Table 1- Toxicity of plant extracts against O. afrasiaticus adults under laboratory condition

Treatment Slope “ SE LC₅₀ (ppm) LC₉₀ (ppm) (95%FL) (95%FL)

x² (df=3)

A. indica M.

azedarach Neemgold

1.71 ± 0.26 1.14 ± 0.24 0.43 ± 0.11

2.23×10⁴ 12.54×10⁴ (1.51×10⁴-3.31×10⁴) (7.39×10⁴-30.32×10⁴)

3.25×10⁴ 43.46×10⁴ (1.93×10⁴-6.38×10⁴) (16.48×10⁴-375.55×10⁴)

0.06×10⁴ 63.91×10⁴

(0.004×10⁴-0.23×10⁴) (8.60×10⁴-20605×10⁴)

4.00 2.67 6.33

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C

B

B

A LC90 ratio=3.464

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Fig. 1. Log- Probity curve of contact toxicity of the plant extracts, A. indica and M. azedarach, in compared to commercial neem extract (Neemgold) on the date palm dust mite, O. afrasiaticus after 24 h.

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Table 3- Mean mortality (± SE) of O. afrasiaticus adults caused by different treatments of plant extracts and S. mirzayanii essential oil.

Treatments Percentage of mortality (Mean ± SE)^*

LC50 of S. mirzayanii (21.77 ìl/l air) LC25 of A. indica (0.90×10⁴ ppm) LC25 of M. azedarach (0.83×10⁴ ppm) LC25 of Neemgold (0.002×10⁴ ppm) LC50 of S. mirzayanii + LC25 of A. indica LC50 of S. mirzayanii + LC25 of M. azedarach LC50 of S. mirzayanii + LC25 of Neemgold

53.33 ± 5.77 ab 26.67 ± 4.67 b 23.33 ± 3.33 b 26.67 ± 3.33 b 63.33 ± 8.82 ab

76.67 ± 3.33 a 83.33 ± 8.82 a *Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P > 0.05).

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