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University of Tehran

Journal of Philosophy of Religion

Home Page: https://jpht.ut.ac.ir

Online ISSN: 2423-6233

(Editorial)

The vibrant of Philosophy of Religion in Our Time and the Reformation of a Term

1. The use of the Persian terms "Falsafee Mozaf " and "Falsafehaee Mozaf" to describe philosophy of religion and other related realms of philosophy is inaccurate and misleading. In precise fields that rely on concepts and terminology, the creation and use of inaccurate terms only lead to confusion. The term "Philosophy of Religion"

has been commonly employed by philosophy scholars in Iran for several years. While using this term may be imprecise, especially when philosophy is not regarded as a scientific discipline but rather as a phenomenon to be explained and interpreted, it is crucial to acknowledge that philosophy of religion, along with philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of society, constitute primary branches of philosophy, rather than secondary or tertiary ones. These branches of philosophy address ontological, epistemological, and semantic propositions concerning these phenomena, and they do not merely serve as methodological tools subservient to other scientific disciplines. Even when philosophy is regarded as a scientific discipline, it is more appropriate to use terms such as "secondary philosophy" or "philosophy of the second degree" rather than the term "added philosophy." Two points should be considered in this regard:

a) If those who have popularized the term "Philosophies of Religion" in Iran and repeatedly use it aim to simply replace the Latin combination "philosophy of" with a word, then their intention is not to assign a specific meaning to it. While this may not be objectionable, it serves no purpose, especially when the term "primary philosophy" already exists in our philosophical tradition.

b) Historically, the emergence and prominence of "Philosophies of diciplines" in the West, particularly in the context where philosophy is regarded as a discipline, can be attributed to the logical positivism. In the 1920s, when logical positivists dismissed primary philosophy and deemed its propositions as meaningless, they essentially reduced philosophy to a methodology. They attempted to transform the mother of sciences into a handmaiden of other sciences. Therefore, using the term "added philosophy" in the same arbitrary manner as in Iran carries the risk of falling into the trap of positivism.

2. The field of philosophy of religion has emerged as a vibrant and dynamic area of philosophical inquiry.

This is evident from the proliferation of scholarly journals worldwide dedicated to the subject, as well as the establishment of numerous scientific centers focused on research and education in this domain. In 2009, Oxford University Press published a comprehensive five-volume History of Western Philosophy of Religion, featuring contributions from over 100 authors. Similarly, in 2021, Blackwell Publishing released a four-volume Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Religion, with the collaboration of more than 250 authors from around the globe (for more detailed information, refer to the entry on Philosophy of Religion in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).

The popularity and vitality of philosophy of religion in our era can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, many philosophers throughout history have engaged in profound reflections on religious matters, making it a pervasive theme in philosophical discourse. It is rare to find a distinguished philosopher who has not delved into philosophical inquiries concerning religion.

Secondly, a significant majority of people worldwide either adhere to a religious faith or are part of religious communities. Engaging in philosophy of religion entails grappling with a realm that holds deep connections to the lives and beliefs of individuals across the globe.

Thirdly, religion and philosophy share common boundaries in various subjects. It is uncommon to encounter an issue where neither philosophy nor religion has offered insights or perspectives.

These aforementioned factors shed light on why philosophy of religion has garnered such immense popularity and interest among thinkers and philosophers in our time.

3. However, it appears that the significance of philosophy of religion primarily lies in its practical

(2)

2 Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2023

application, which can shape theological systems and present them as models for the theoretical and practical values of human life. While this may not have been the case in the early stages of religious development, it holds true in our present era. Contemporary philosophers have organized and systematized various models derived from different theological perspectives. The classification of theological systems is contingent upon the philosophical possibilities and theoretical frameworks they employ. In our time, theologians are essentially philosophers who strive to construct a theological system by utilizing the philosophical capabilities of their intellectual apparatus. The categorization of theology into monotheistic and liberal, divine and human, negative and positive, open and closed, analytical and continental, and other divisions all rely on the philosophical framework adopted by the theologian. Even those who claim their theology to be purely based on revelation and refrain from employing rational or philosophical approaches are aware that they have utilized philosophical possibilities to support their assertions. The author of these statements does not insist on substituting the term

"philosophy" with "reason." What matters is that theologians understand the epistemological and cognitive foundations rooted in reason that they have employed to justify their claims. This alone is sufficient to affirm the high significance and relevance of philosophy of religion in shaping and articulating theology.

4. The significance of philosophy of religion is steadily increasing in our contemporary era. With the remarkable advancements in science and technology, it has evolved into an interdisciplinary field. Philosophers, both in general and specifically in the realm of philosophy of religion, must not and cannot ignore the emergence of the new digital world. Merely focusing on how to utilize new tools to propagate their beliefs is not enough.

While addressing this question is crucial, an even more fundamental inquiry pertains to the role of philosophers of religion in a future shaped by artificial intelligence. Providing a precise answer to this question will demonstrate their active engagement in this new world. The interaction between religion and the realm of artificial intelligence should now be a subject of concern for philosophers, who must engage in reflection and foresight to comprehend its implications.

(3)

نارهت هاگشناد

نيد هفسلف ةيرشن

:هيرشن تياس https://jpht.ut.ac.ir

:يكينورتكلا اپاش 6233

- 2423

)هلاقمرس(

د هفسلف توارط ی

ن امراگزوررد و

حلاصا ی ک حلاطصا

۱ حلاطصا دربراک

.

"

فاضم هفسلف

"

" و اه هفسلف ی

" فاضم

ارب ی صوت ی ف د هففسلف فی ن و فضعب ی افهورملق زا ی

دی رفگ هففسلف

حلاطصا ی قدان ی ق اه حلاطصا ندربراک هب سپسو لعج . تسا ی

قدان ی ق افه ورملق رد ی

قد فی ق هاففم اف ات نافاراکراابا هفک ی

م و

گتفاآ هب تسا تاحلاطصا ی

تام اه نهذ ی

م ی لاطصا .دوا

" ح فاضم هفسلف

"

لاس داچ ی افه هفتفتو افه هتفاونرد هک تسا ی

طاعتم ی نا ارد هفسلف ی

نار ا ندربراک هب .تسا هدا رارکترپ ی

ن وگنرتا حلاطصا یی

م قدان مک تسد تسردان ی

ق فتقو اصوصخم تسا ی

ملع هب هفسلف ی

دپ هکلب دوشن هدوافا ی

هد ا ی د دانام ی ن بت دهاوخبار هعماجو نهذ نابز یی

ن سفتو ی ر د هفسلف . داک ی

ن نافبز هفسلف

فسلف خاسزا هعماج هفسلفو نهذ هفسلف لوا ه

ی ناث هفسلف هن داتسه ی

ی ا ا . مود هجرد ی

هخااا ا اه یی افه هراافت هک دنا هفسلف زا ی

تسه ی تخااا ی تخااا تفرعم ی

تخااا ااعمو ی

ا بابرد ی ن دپ ی هد م تسدب اه ی

داهد راک افرصو ی

تخاافا شور ی

فمن ی زا افت دفااک

وئر خاس س نامث ی ه د مولع هبو داااب ملع ی

رگ تقواتح .دااک تمدخ ی

ملع هب هفسلف مه ی

حلاطصا زا تسا رت ب دوا هدوافا

"

هفسلف

مود هجرد

"

ی

" ا ناث هفسلف

" ی اک هدافتسا ی

م حلاطصا ات

"

فاضم هفسلف

"

ارد هتکن ود هب . ی

اجا اب ی د درک هجوت

:

فلا ناسک رتا ) ی

اه هفسلف حلاطصا هک ی

ا رد ار فاضم ی

نار ار ی ج م راک هب تارمو تارک هب ار ناو دنا هدرک ی

ق دفنرب نافادص

ا هژاو نتفرتراک هب افرص ی

کرت ربارب رد ی

ب تلا یا ی

(philosophy of)

ااعمو تسا هدوب یی

فرح دنا هدرکن دصق نآزا صاخ ی

ن ی تفس

لو ی ا ی ن اف هچراک ی هد ا ی تقو دراد ی د ر فسلف تاس ی

حلاطصا ام

"

لوا هفسلف

" ی تسا هتااد دوجو

.

ب رات ظاحل هب ) ی

خ ی زوربورو ظ حلطصا هب _

اه هفسلف _ ی اج رد اصوصخم برغ رد فاضم یی

هب هفسلف هک ی

ک هدواففا ملع

م ی تن دوا ی هج دی هاتد زوپ یت ی و ی تس اه ی قطام ی ب نرق مود ههد رد .تسا ی

متس تقو ی زوپ یت ی و ی تفس افه ی فقطام ی اپرب فی

" ه لفصا

قحت ی

" ق بطلادعبام ی هع لوا هفسلفو ی

ت هتخادناراکزا ار هراا

اه ی ب ار نآ ی قلت ااعم ی قحرد دندرک ی

تق فملعزا ار هففسلف ی

هفب لقتفسم

سااا شور ی

وحت ی ل دبت مولعلا همداخ هب ار مولع ردام دندرک شلات. دندرب ی

ل ارب ااب.دااک ی

ن فافضم هففسلف حلاطفصا ندربراک هب

مه هب م نآ ی

ن ب تروص ی عم ی را ی ارد هک ی نار م راک هب ی زوپ ماد رد نداتفا رطخدور یت

ی و ی ا تس دراد هارمه هب ار

.

۲ د هفسلف

.

ی ن رما هزو ی ک ی رت توارط اب زا ی

ن رت هدنزو ی ن اهورملق ی ا دهاا. تسا هفسلف ی

ن ا هلجم اه هد هلئسم ی

هفک تفسا

د هفسلف ورملق رد نواکا ی

ن ندرد یا م پاچ ی دوش ساتو ی س ملع اکرم اه هد ی

د هففسلف ورفملقرد هفک تسا فی

ن فم هووفپ ی

دفااک

م شزوماو ی

لاسرد دروفسکا تاراشتنا. داهد ۲۰۰۹

باتک رات ی خ د هفسلف ی ن رد ار برغ ۵

ب تکراشم اب دلج ی

زا ۱۰۰ ون ی هدافس

رد لوکلب تاراشتناو درک رشتام ۲۰۲۱

اد ی هر د هفسلف فراعملا ی

ن رد ار ۴ ب تکراشماب دلج ی

زا ۲۵۰ ون ی هداس ند رسارس زا یا

رشتام

ارب(درک ی صفت ی ل ب ی کن رتش د هفسلف لخدم : ی

ن اد ی هر )دروفاتسا فراعملا

ارب ی ا ی هم ا لابقا د هفسلف هب ی

ن م امراتزوررد نا توارط و ی

هوجو ناوت ی

درک هراما

.

فلا زرو هفسلف ساکعنا ) ی

سب ی را ی ف زا ی نافوسل اه هرود رد ی

د ورملق رد هفسلف فلتخم ی

ن افسمو ی ل افا.نا ی ناوتند ف ی فوفسل

جوت لباق ی

راترد ی خ هفسلف ی تفا د هرابرد هک ی

ن زرو هفسلف ی

دااب هدرکن

.

ب ب ) ی رتش ند مدرم یا پ ی دور یا ی داتسه یا شخب ی زا ی ک د هعماج یا ی قلت ی م ی د هفسلف هب لاغتاا.دنوا ی

ن قحرد ی تق هفب لاغتاا

ورملق ی عقاو تروص هب هک تسا ی

ند مدرم اب لعفلابو یا

اهروابو ی درادراکورس نانا

.

ج اهزرم ) ی د کرتشم ی

ن اا. فلتخم تاعوضومرد هفسلفو ی

د ا هلئسم رتمک ی

ی تفا د مفهو هففسلف مفه هلئفسم نارد هک فی

ن

(4)

4 ةيرشن

نيد هفسلف ،

رود ة متسیب رامش ، لوا ة ، 1402

داااب هدادنرظن

.

هوجو ی هدادا م ناشن ی د هفسلف ارچ هک دهد ی

ن ا هب ام راتزوررد ی

ن م ی ناا فو نارکفتم لابقتساو لابقا دروم ی

نافوسل تسا

.

. 3 م رظن هب ي وگب تسا رتهب و تاورط ،اما،دسر ی

م مها ي ت د هفسلف ی ن ب ي رتش ارد ی ن م هک دشاب هتفهن نآ دربراک ي

هب دناوت

اهماظن يپ هلا ي تا ي اهوگلا ناونع هب ار اهناو دهد لكش يی

ارب ی هد لكش ي اهشزرا هب ی رظن ی لمعو ي ح ي تا رشب ی فرعم ي رگا.دنک

پ زاغآ رد ي اد ی ش دا ی نا نچ هلئسم مه ي

ن ن هدوب نچ امراگزوررد مک تسد تسا ي

ن اهوگلا مامتزورما.تسا يی

هلا زا هک ي تا اه ی

م هداد تسد هب فلتخم ي

ت دوش ف طسو ي نافوسل قسنو مظن ی

هتفا اه ماظن .تسا ی

هلا ي تا ي ا هب هتسب ی هكن اهناكما هچزا ی

فسلف ي

اه هاگتسد هچزاو ی

رظن ی دنب هقبط دننک هدافتسا ی

م ي هلا .دنوش ي ناناد راگزور رد ام

ف ي نافوسل ي گ هرهب اب هک دنتسه ي

ر ی

اهناكمازا ی فسلف ي ركف هاگتسد ی

م شلاتدوخ ي

ماظن دننک ي

هلا ي تا ي سقت .دنهد لكش ي

م هلا ي تا حوت هب ي د ی لو ي لارب هلا،

ي

رشبو ی بلس،

ي او ی باج ي لحت ،هتسبو هدوشگ،

ي ل ي ا هراقو ی سقت اه هدو ي

م د ی رگ ا هب هتسب همهو همه ی

ن هلا صخش هک تسا ي

ناد

تسد هچزا هاگ

فسلف ي م هرهب ي ناسک اتح.درب ي

هلا هک مه ي

تا لقن ار دوخ ي

صوت ي ف م ي هلا دربراک زاو دننک ي

تا لقع ي ی ا فسلف ي

هرپ ي ز م ي تسرد هب دوخ دننک ي

م ي ارب هک دنناد ی

عدم تابثا ي

تا اپرب دوخ ی ه اهناكما هچزا لقن ی

فسلف ي هدنراگن .دنا هتفرگ هرهب

ای ن رارصا روطس ی

اب امتح هک درادن ی

د اج هب ی مهم،دنک هدافتسا هفسلف هژاو زا لقع هژاو ا

ی ن

هلا صخش هک تسا ي

ناد م ي ارب هک دناد ی

عدم تابثا ي

تا اپرب دوخ ی ه نابم هچ لقع ي

تسه ي تخانش ي تخانش تفرعمو ي

مه.تسا هدرکراکرد ي

رادقمن ارب تسا سب ی

ا ی هكن وگب يی م د هفسلف ی ن ازا ی ن سب تهج ي مهمرا م هک تسا هجوت لباقو ي

هب دناوت

هلا ي تا دنبتروص ار ناودهد لكش ی

.دنک

۴ د هفسلف تسبراک.

ی ن ب زور هبزور امراتزوررد ی

بورتش ی رتش م ی د هفسلف.دوا ی

ن گمفشچ دفار هب هجوت اب ی

ر روا نففو مفلع ی

رد

ا لاس ی خا ی ر هب ی ک ی اهورملق زا ی

م ی نا ا هتار ی دبت ی ل ف.تسا هدا ی

نافوسل فو امومع ی نافوسل دی ن ابن صوصخ هب ی

د منو ی داناوت

ند رب ار دوخ نامشچ یا

ی دج ی د ند هک یا یی دی ج ی لات ا هب خساپ لابند هب افرصو دندابب تسا ی

ن م هنوگچ هک داااب سرپ ی

زا ناوفت

اهراابا ی دج ی د ارب ی اهرواب هضرع ی

ا. ؟درک هدافتسا دوخ ی

ن ا رتم م سرپ اما تسا م م هتبلا سرپ ی

ن ف هک تسا ی

ِنافوسل دی ن

ندرد یا یی آرد هک ی هدا دان ی ک عواصم شوه طسوت ی

شقن هچ تفرت دهاوخ لکا ی

؟دنراد قد خساپ ی ق ا بافبرد فی ن فقن فسرپ

ندرد ار نانا لاعف یا

ی دج ی د د.داد دهاوخ ناشن ی

ن نو یا ی عواصم شوه ی

اب نواکا ی د ف هغدغد هب ی

نافوسل دفبت ی ل نا بافبردو دوفا

پو لمات هب تسد ی

بش

یا

ی

.داناب

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