Keywords : . Abstract Tas Tape: A Parthian Site in Khorasan Based on Field Evidence and Preliminary Results Azita Mirzaye

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Tas Tape: A Parthian Site in Khorasan Based on Field Evidence and Preliminary Results

Azita Mirzaye¹

(315-340)

Abstract

Iran's eastern borders have been constantly affected by various events, especially the arrival of different ethnic groups in Central Asia in the form of migration or invasion. However, ancient sources provide researchers with little knowledge of such events, and this little information is specific to incidents that were widely considered a threat to the central government of Iran.

Therefore, written sources do not answer the questions of archaeologists on political, military, various urban planning, and cultural interactions of Iran with its eastern neighbors. On the other hand, extensive and continuous field research that purposefully answers such questions has been limited and scattered. One of these researches is the purposeful activities that have been carried out in the middle part of the Kopet Dag -Aladagh corridor in the north of Khorasan in the last decade; and this has become the basis for the formation of other research by other researchers in this geographical area (albeit limited)."Tas Tape" is one of the sites in the northeast of Iran. Its location is in the middle part of the Kopet Dag -Aladagh corridor and the east of Quchan city.

According to the results of two seasons of field research, this site is one of the important sites of the Parthian period that has been settled until the Sassanid period. Around Tas Tape, a large settlement site was identified during additional studies after archeological surveys in Quchan city.The existence of questions about the synchronicity of the settlement with the fort hill, how the two parts are related to each other, and the continuation of life until the Sassanid period led to the definition of a long-term research project to answer the questions and better understand this ancient monument.This article is based on the research conducted in the first season of this site, which includes reviewing the area of the site, geomagnetic surveys, and sounding for delimitation of the Tas Tape site.The results of this season include the identification of a site from the Parthian period with an area of 80 hectares, which consists of two parts: a) Fort mound b) Unenclosed settlement. According to preliminary results, the settlement probably was only in the Parthian period, but the fort hill was used until the Sassanid period.The Clinky pottery is the most significant cultural find on this site in terms of chronology and distribution of this type of pottery. The location of this site is also very remarkable because it is the link of the north of Kopet Dag sites, including Nisa, into the Iranian plateau.

Keywords: Khorasan, Tãs Tape, Archaeological Excavations, Parthians, Clinky pottery.

1 . Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Ph.D Graduated in Archaeology, Iranian Center for Archaeological Research (ICAR), Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Archaeological Studies No. 3, Vol. 13, Serial No. 27 / Autumn 2021

10.22059/jarcs.2021.276241.142682Print ISSN: 2676-4288- Online ISSN: 2251-9297https://jarcs.ut.ac.ir

Received: 23, February, 2019; Accepted: 21, December, 2021

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1.Introduction

The formation and establishment of the Parthian government in the northeast of cultural Iran have made the region of Greater Khorasan known as the origin of this government.However, the ancient texts provide scholars with little information from the early period of the formation of the Parthian government.Most of the archaeological achievements of the Parthian period are the result of excavations in western sites of their territory in western and southwestern basins of Iran and Mesopotamia. These factors have made our knowledge of this government's eastern part of the territory very insignificant. The contents of this article are the result of first season of excavation of the Tas Tape historical site, which was done in 2017. The findings of this research represent the chronology of the site from Parthian period to Sassanid period. The reason for selecting this site for a case study is the results of the archaeological survey in the middle part of the Kopet Dag -Aladag corridor and additional studies, such as remote sensing, were based on satellite images of Corona (1970s) and Google in different years. These activities led to the recognition of several types of Parthian forts in the region, which needed to test the existence of one of them in this study (Mirzaye 2020 a).The historical site of Tas Tape is in the northern part of Quchan-Mashhad road, at a distance of 1250 meters northeast of the village of Rezaabad Sofla. Rezaabad Sofla village is located 30 km east of Quchan city and is a part of the central part of this city in Khorasan Razavi province (Figure 1). Tas Tape location (UTM,40S, N: 657880 E: 4084816) is in a narrow middle mountain plain between the two mountain ranges of Kopet Dag-Hezar Masjed in the north and Aladagh-Binalood in the south. The location of this site is at an altitude of 1228 meters above the sea. Numerous water tributaries originate from the foothills of the northern and southern mountains of the region, which form the two important rivers Atrak and Kashafrud, in this mountainous plain. The small tributaries that make up the Kashafrud River, in the form of two narrow watercourses with distances of 190 and 360 meters, pass from the southern part of the Tas Tape site from west to east (Figure 2).Tas Tape was studied in the archaeological surveys of 2016 with the code XR .GH.006810. This site includes an approximately rectangular mound measuring 145 meters long and 135 meters wide. Its highest point is 15 meters higher than the surrounding lands, but the height of most parts of the mound is 10 meters (Figure 3).Tas Tape's corners spread in approximately four cardinal directions. The inner surface of the top of the mound is about 3 meters lower than its outer edge. There is a mud brick structure in the southeast corner of the mound, which is higher than the other parts.The shape and nature of this mud brick structure represent its function as a tower built inside the battlement. Its outer part is 5 meters high, and its mouth diameter is more than 10 meters.The dimensions of this tower are very large compared to the structure of the fort. In other corners of this fort hill, there was no reliable evidence of the tower. Therefore, the reason for the existence of such a structure was questionable (Figure 4). According to additional studies, after an archaeological survey related to the Parthian-Sassanid Forts, a type of plain fort was identified in the middle part of the Kopet Dag-Aladagh corridor that represented two parts: a) Fort b) unenclosed settlement part. Proof of this hypothesis required further field studies, so among the four sites identified in this type, the Tas Tape site was selected for studies due to less destruction of the strata by human interactions. The actions of the first season of this research:

A) Sounding for test the typology hypothesis of the fort and then delimitation of the site after confirming the hypothesis. B) Geophysical survey. C) Documentation of the site

C.1. Preparation of topographic map of Tas Tape site with a scale of 1:500 following the global coordinates.

C.2. UAV imaging in order to identify the existing conditions of the area and its natural and abnormal features.

This ancient monument represents a historic site consisting of two parts: a) fort hill. b) the unenclosed settlement section in the northern and northwestern part of the fort hill. Referring to the results of sounding, the total area of this historic site is 80 hectares. According to these results, there are several architectural structures in the settlement section. However, because of

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317/ Journal of Archaeological Studies No. 3, Vol. 13, Serial No. 27 / Autumn 2021

the small size of the trenches, a comprehensive understanding of their details, such as the plans, was not obtained. There was no evidence of foundation under the structures. The main materials used in this site are mud brick with dimensions of 40 × 40×10-8 and semi-adobe with 40×30×

10-8 cm with mud mortar. Sand and gravel are used in the temper of mud bricks. The use of gravel in the temper of mud bricks of ancient Nisa has also been identified.The using of stone materials was observed in two cases, one row of rubble structure without mortar and in the other case, the use of slate on mud bricks. In three trenches, flooring remains was observed in forms of mud, thatch and compacted soil. Because of its structural features, the southeastern tower of Tas Tape is a significant structure in this fort hill. The study of this subject led to the recognition of other samples of such towers in other Parthian forts. Jakubiak (2006:145) believes that since this tradition has not been seen in older forts, their function may have been to place heavy military machinery such as slings on them, without fear of the roof collapsing due to their heavyweight. The existence of a ditch and such a tower on this fort hill can be the reasons for the political-military importance of this site. A geomagnetic study was performed in three parts of the site (Figure 7), the results of which, in addition to the introduction of large structures of the site, confirmed the existence of two towers northwest and southeast of the Tas Tape.The number of ceramics obtained from the cultural layers of the trenches was very limited compared to the distribution of surface samples, and a total of 80 index pieces were identified. All parts belong to small and medium vessels and common ware, and no sample of large vats body from the group of storage vessels was seen. Most pottery has a medium quality, colored paste between red, orange to the brown, a temper of soft sand, sometimes with fine particles of lime, and enough baking. The outer coating of the pottery with orange to reddish paste is usually a thin clay glaze of the same color as the paste, but some of them also have a gray, buff, and orange clay coating. A small number of fine gray wares were identified. This type of pottery in Iran have been obtained from the sites of Qumes, Turang Tape and its very similar shape in the strata of the Iron Age of Yarim Tape (Herring 1997: 202,204) and the sites of Central Asia, especially in large cities where the Greeks also were present (Invernizzi and Lipolis,2008: 316)Archaeologists consider the sudden appearance of this type of pottery from the middle of the third century onwards to be an unprofessional imitation of Western Hellenistic pottery, influenced by Greek black glazed pottery. Another important ceramic finding on this site was the Clinky pottery. The distribution of this type of pottery was identified in the Khorhe site (Rahbar, 2003,121).That is the first case of this type of pottery that has been identified in the east. The presence of Clinky pottery is effective for the chronology of this site, which dates back to the Middle to the late Parthian period.

Sources

Herring, E. 1997. Iranian pottery during the Parthian period, translated by Hamideh Chubak, Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization (Research Institute), [In Persian].

Invernizzi, A. & Lippolis, C. (eds.), 2008. Nisa Partica, Ricerche Nel Comlesso Monumental Arsacide 1990-2006, Le Lettere (Monografi di Mesopotamia IX), Firenze.

Jakubiak, K., 2006. “The Origin and Development of Military Architecture in the Provence of Parthava in the Arsacid Period”. Iranica Antiqua, Vol. XLI, Pp: 127-150.

Mirzaye, A. 2020 a. “Typology of Parthian and Sassanid Forts in North Khorasan and determining the political and social status of the region based on its cultural interactions”, Archaeological Studies of Parseh, No. 12, fourth year, summer, pp. 99- 119, [In Persian].

Mirzaye, A., R. Mehrafarin, S. R. Mousavi Haji. 2020 b, “The Role of Environmental Factors in the Location and Development of Parthian Sites in North Khorasan (the middle part of the Kopet Dagh-Aladagh corridor)”, Archaeological Studies, Volume 12, Number 3, Autumn, p.

327- 342, [In Persian].

Rahbar, M. 2003. Khorhe Archaeological Excavation, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural, First Edition, [In Persian].

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سﺎﺗ ﻪﭙﺗ : ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪ ةرود زا يا ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا

رد نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ

) ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ يﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑ (

ﯽﯾازﺮﯿﻣ ﺎﺘﯾزآ

1

ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ يﺮﺘﮐد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

، نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ، .

:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 04

/ 12 / 1397 :شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ؛ 30

/ 09 / 1400

ﯽﻤﻠﻋ - ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

ﮑﭼ ﯿ هﺪ

ﺎﻫزﺮﻣ ي ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ ﭘ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺳﻮ شﻮﺨﺘﺳد ور

ﯾ ﺎﻫداﺪ و ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

، ﺻﻮﺼﺧ

ِنﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ماﻮﻗا دورو ًﺎ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ

رد ﺎﯿﺳآ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ

َا لﺎﮑﺷ .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﺎﯾ و تﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد ﻦﻬﮐ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

يﺎﻫ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﺎﻫداﺪﺧر ﺖﺳد ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﮐﺪﻧا ﯽﻣ

راﺬﮔ ﻦﯾا و د

ﺖﺳا ﯽﻌﯾﺎﻗو ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا كﺪﻧا ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﻣز ناﺮﯾا يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ياﺮﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﮐ

زا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﻦﯾا بﻮﺘﮑﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ يور ﺦﺳﺎﭘ

يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ عﺎﻨﻗا ه

ﻪﺑ يا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ ،ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

يزﺎﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ

اﯾ ناﺮ ﺎﺑ ماﻮﻗا راﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ دﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﻫد . ا ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ ز

، ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ و هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﮐ يا

ةﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﺮﺑرد ﺶﺳﺮﭘ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺎﻫ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﻌﻣ و ﺖﻠﻋ ي هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ و دوﺪﺤﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ .ﺪﻧا ﻪﻫد ﮏﯾ رد

رد ﺮﯿﺧا ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ روﺪﯾﺮﮐ

ﻪﭙﮐ غادﻻآ ـ غاد نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ لﺎﻤﺷ رد

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يا

مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺧ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ دﻮ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ يﺮﯿﮔ ) يﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ةﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ (دوﺪﺤﻣ »

ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

« ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ لﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا

رد و ﻊﻗاو نﺎﭼﻮﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ قﺮﺷ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ . نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

، ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا ةرود ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ

د هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﯾا ر ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ . نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نآ ﯽﭘ رد و

ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ،

نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ رد ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .

ﺶﺳﺮﭘ دﻮﺟو صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘﺳرد ﻦﯾا

،ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ

ﺣ ﯿ تﺎ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﺑ يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ود طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ،ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

تﺎﯿﺣ مواﺪﺗ و هرود رد نآ

ﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ

،

ِﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ ﮏﯾ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ لاﺆﺳ

ﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﯾﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ يﺎﻫ

مود ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ شرﺎﮕﻧ

رد ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ةﺪﻧرادﺮﺑرد و ﻪﻨﯿﻣز

،ﺮﺛا ةﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

يﺎﻫ

،ﺲﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ

ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﻧز ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻢﯾﺮﺣ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻌﺳو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا ةرود زا يا

80

يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﺶﺨﺑ (ب ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ (ﻒﻟا ﺶﺨﺑ ود زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا رﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﻏﯿ

ﺮ رﻮﺼﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺖﺳا

. ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ةرود رد

ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﮐ رد هدﻮﺑ را

ﺎﻣا ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ رد ﯽﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ب ﺶﺨﺑ رد راﺮﻘﺘﺳا

رد ددﺮﮔ ﻟﺎﺣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﻪﭙﺗ نارود ﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

.ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﯽﮑﻨﯿﻠﮐ لﺎﻔﺳ

زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا

لﺎﻔﺳ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا ظﺎﺤﻟ زا

ِﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ و يرﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ

ياراد ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳا د

روﺪﯾﺮﮐ ﻞﺧاد ر ﺰﯿﻧ

رﻮﺧرد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ اﺮﯾز ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ نآ

ار ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻦﯿﺑ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﮐ لﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫ ناﺮﯾا تﻼﻓ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ ﺎﺴﻧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا غاد

دروآ رﺎﻤﺸﺑ .

ژاو ه يﺎﻫ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :

نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ

، ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

، ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻧز ﯽ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

، نﺎﯿﻧﺎﮑﺷا ، ﯽﮑﻨﯿﻠﮐ لﺎﻔﺳ .

1 . ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﮔ ﯿﺮ ي و ﺲﯿﺳﺄﺗ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ

ﻧﺎﮑﺷا 1

ﯿﺎ ن رد لﺎﻤﺷ

ِقﺮﺷ اﯾ

ِناﺮ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ

، هﺪﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ

نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ

2گرﺰﺑ

ﺖﺤﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ هﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ اﯾ ﻦ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

دﻮﺷ . ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ نﻮﺘﻣ

، ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد يﺎﻫ ﮐﺪﻧا ﯽ زا نارود ﻟوا ﯿ ﻪ ﻞﮑﺷ ﮔ ﯿﺮ ي

ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻧﺎﮑﺷا

ﯿ نﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻦ ﻪﺋارا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻫد . ﺮﺑ نوﺰﻓا زﺎﺑ

ة ﻧﺎﻣز ﯽ

؛ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻦﯾا هداد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ور ﯾ ﺎﻫداﺪ

ِي ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ -

ﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﯽ رد هداد خر ﺶﺨﺑ

ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ وﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﯿ نﺎ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻧا

) ﮑﺴﻟو ﯽ

، 1383 : 22 - 23

.(

ﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ي

نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

رود ة ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻧﺎﮑﺷا

ﯿ نﺎ ﻧﯿ

،ﺰ ﺒﻟﺎﻏ

ًﺎ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

ِشوﺎﮐ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﮥﻤﯿﻧ ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ وﺮﻤﻠﻗ ي نﺎﻧآ رد زﻮﺣ ة بﺮﻏ و

بﻮﻨﺟ ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ و ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﺮﻬﻨﻟا ﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳا . مﺎﻤﺗ اﯾ ﻦ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻣ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ وﺮﻤﻠﻗ ي

اﯾ ﻦ ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﺴﺑ

ﯿ رﺎ كﺪﻧا و ﭼﺎﻧ ﯿﺰ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﮑﻧآ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ

ﻘﻠﺣ ﮥ ﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﺳآ ﯿﺎ ي ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي و تﻼﻓ

1 :لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

[email protected]

(5)

تﺎﻌ�ﺎﻄ�

نﺎﺘ�ﺎﺑ ﯽ�ﺎﻨ�

، رود ة 13

، رﺎﻤﺷ ة 3

، ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ 1400 319 /

ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي اﯾ ناﺮ هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻣا دوﺪﺤﻣ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ و ندﻮﺑ

ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ رد اﯾ ﻦ هﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ

، نﺎﮑﻣا ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ي

ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ و ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ و ﻫﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﮑﻤ ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ نارود رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺨ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ

ﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ راﻮﺠﻤﻫ ار راﻮﺷد هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺳا . نﻮﻨﮐا ﺑ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﯽ رد زﻮﺣ ة ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ

لﺎﻤﺷ قﺮﺷ اﯾ

،ناﺮ زا ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﻻﺎﺑ كﺮﺗا هرد

(Ricciardi, 1980)

، دﺎﺑآﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺗ

سووﺎﮐﺪﺒﻨﮔ

) (Kiani,1982

، راﻮﯾد نﺎﮔﺮﮔ

(Priestman, 2013)

ﯾ رﺎ ﯾﻢ ﻪﭙﺗ

(Deshayes, 1975-1976)

، ﮓﻧرﻮﺗ ﻪﭙﺗ

(Boucharrlat etLecomte, 1987)

دﺎﺑآﺮﭽﺨﺗ ﻪﭙﺗ ،

)

،ناﺮﮕﯾد و ﺎﻧاد 1397

ﻪﭙﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ،(

،ناﺮﮕﯾد و ﯽﻣﺎﻧ) 1396

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،(

نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﭙﮐ روﺪﯾﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ غاد

- غادﻻآ

،ﯽﯾازﺮﯿﻣ) 1388

. 1395

و ،(

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

نﺎﻐﻣاد

(Trinkaus,1981)

هﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺖﺳا

. رد قﺮﺷ ﺳآ ﯿﺎ ي ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺴﻧ

(Pilipko,1996;

Masson,1949; Invernizzi & Lippolis, 2008)

، ﮥﻌﻠﻗ ﮏﺒُﮔ ﻟ ﯽ

(Koshelenko, 2007)

رد بﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺘﺴﻨﻤﮐﺮﺗ ،

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺲﺧﺮﺳ ﻪﺣاو ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا يﺎﻫ

(Kaim, 2008)

و وﺮﻣ )

Hermann and Kurabnsakhatov,1994-2000

زا( ﻪﻠﻤﺟ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ درﻮﻣ

و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ شوﺎﮐ

راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧا .

رد ود ﻫد ﮥ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ي رد ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ و

روﺪﯾﺮﮐ ﻪﭙﮐ غاد - غادﻻآ

مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا

)ﻣ ﯿ ازﺮ ﯽﯾ 1388 ب و ﻒﻟا و 1395

، ﺎﻄﻋ ﯽﯾ 1388

، Vahdati, 2015

.(

اﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﯿ ﻞ دﻮﺒﻧ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻦﻘﺘﻣ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻟاﻮﺗ ﯽ رﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﮔ ي نارود رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺨ ﯽ

،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ

ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ

نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ شوﺎﮐ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و

ﻪﯾﻻ يرﺎﮕﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ددﺮﮔ ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا و دﻮﺟو

ﺖﻨﺳ لﺎﻔﺳ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد

، ﺚﻋﺎﺑ هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ

و

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ نارود ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﯽ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻧ ددﺮﮕ . ﻪﺘﺒﻟا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻻﯾ

ﻪ رﺎﮕﻧ ي شوﺎﮐ و رد

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ نﻮﭼ

ﻪﻌﻠﻗ نﺎﺧ

) ژارﺎﮔ ﯾ نﺎ و د ﯾ

،ناﺮﮕ 1389

ﻪﭙﺗ (،

ر ﯾﻮ ي

) ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ي

، 1394

ﺮﻬﺸﻧاﺮﯾو و( ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﺧ فﺎﺒﻟ)

ناﺮﮕﯾد و 1399

هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا(

ﺖﺳا مﺎﺠﻧا لﺎﺣ رد ﺎﯾ و ﻪﮐ

ﯽﺑ ﮏﺷ ﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا نآ

، ﻫﺎﮔآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ي رد صﻮﺼﺧ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ

زﻮﺣ ة ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮥ لﺎﻤﺷ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ .

اﯾ ﻦ رﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ

سﺎﺗ ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ رد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

3ﻪﭙﺗ رد لﺎﺳ 1396 ﺖﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ

رﺎﮕﻧﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ،ي

ﯽﻧز و ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺮﺣ ﯾﻢ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ةرود

ﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ةرود ﺮﺘﻤﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ رد و ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا .ﺪ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يدرﻮﻣ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ

سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ،

نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﭙﮐ روﺪﯾﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و غادﻻآ غاد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

رود هار زا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ -

هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ يا

» ﺎﻧوﺮﮐ «

ﮥﻫد) 70 (يدﻼﯿﻣ

و

» ﻞﮔﻮﮔ

« لﺎﺳ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺪﺷ )

ﯽﯾازﺮﯿﻣ 1399 ﻒﻟا ، 1388

.(

ﻪﭽﻧآ رد اﯾ ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻤﻫا

ﯿ ﺖ دراد موﺰﻟ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مواﺪﺗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ رد ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﯽﮕﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ اﺮﯾز ،ﺖﺳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

رد ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺻﻮﺼﺧ

ﯿ تﺎ و و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد ﯽ يا

زا ﻪﻌﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ هﺪﺷ عﻮﻧ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ

نآ و طﺎﺒﺗرا اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ

هﺎﮔراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

ي ﻧﺎﮑﺷا ﯽ رد لﺎﻤﺷ

،نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﺳآ

ﯿﺎ ي ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي و تﻼﻓ ﮐﺮﻣ يﺰ اﯾ ناﺮ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ .

ناﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮑﻧآ ﺪﯿﻣا

ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ زا ﯽﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا

و ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ي

ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ - ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ نآ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻦﯾا

وﺮﻤﻠﻗ ار دﻮﻤﻧ يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ .

(6)

2 . ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

زا يﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺨ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ رد

ﺶﺨﺑ ﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﯽ دﺎﺟ ة نﺎﭼﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ و رد ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ 1250

ﺮﺘﻣ ي لﺎﻤﺷ قﺮﺷ يﺎﺘﺳور دﺎﺑآﺎﺿر ﯽﻠﻔﺳ دراد راﺮﻗ . ﺎﺘﺳور ي دﺎﺑآﺎﺿر ﻠﻔﺳ ﯽ رد ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ 30 ﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ي قﺮﺷ ﺮﻬﺷ

نﺎﭼﻮﻗ ﻊﻗاو هدﻮﺑ و ءﺰﺟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي اﯾ ﻦ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد

نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﻮﺿر ي ﺖﺳا

) ﻮﺼﺗ ﯾﺮ 1

. (

زا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ظﺎﺤﻟ سﺎﺗ

ﻪﭙﺗ

N:657880) E: 4084816

(UTM 40 S

رد ﯾ ﮏ ﺖﺷد ﻣ ﯿ نﺎ ﻫﻮﮐ ﯽ ﻢﮐ ضﺮﻋ

ﺑﯿ ﻦ ود ﻪﺘﺷر هﻮﮐ ﻪﭙﮐ غاد / ﺪﺠﺴﻣ راﺰﻫ رد

لﺎﻤﺷ و غادﻻآ /ﺑ ﯿ دﻮﻟﺎﻨ رد4

بﻮﻨﺟ و رد عﺎﻔﺗرا 1228 يﺮﺘﻣ زا ﺢﻄﺳ

رد ﯾﺎ ﻊﻗاو ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﻧﺎﺧدور ﮥ ﻒﺸﮐ دور زا قﺮﺷ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﭼﻮﻗ

و ﺖﻔﻫ ﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ ي بﺮﻏ ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮥ

ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ زا

تﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﺪﺠﺴﻣ راﺰﻫ

و ﺑﯿ دﻮﻟﺎﻨ ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

و زا ﻣ ﯿ نﺎ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﺷد ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ قﺮﺷ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

5. رﯾ ﻪﺑاﺰ ﺎﻫ ي

ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﮑﺸﺗ ﯿ ﻞ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﮐ ﻒﺸ

،دور رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ود ﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻞ ﻢﮐ ضﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ ي 190 و

360 ﺮﺘﻣ ي زا ﺶﺨﺑ ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﯽ ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ رد

ﺖﻬﺟ بﺮﻏ ﻪﺑ قﺮﺷ ﯽﻣ رﻮﺒﻋ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

. (

3 . ﻪﭙﺗ رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺨ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﻟوا ﯿ ﻦ رﺎﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ رد

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﺷ ﺘﺧ ﯽ رد نﺎﭼﻮﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ لﺎﺳ

61395 ﺎﺑ ﺪﮐ

XR .GH.0068

درﻮﻣ 7

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ و ﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻌ راﺮﻗ

8ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .ا ﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺛا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮏ ﭙﺗ ﮥ ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾ

ًﺎﺒ شﻮﮔرﺎﻬﭼ رد

دﺎﻌﺑا 145 ﺮﺘﻣ لﻮﻃ و 135 ﺮﺘﻣ

ضﺮﻋ ا ﺖﺳ . ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ رد ﻪﭙﺗ 15

ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻣز ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ عﺎﻔﺗرا دراد ﺎﻣا يﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﭙﺗ 10 ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻣ

ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ) 3

.(

اوز ﯾﺎ ي ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ

رد رﺎﻬﭼ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ ﮔ هدﺮﺘﺴ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﺢﻄﺳ

سأر ﯽﻠﺧاد ﻪﭙﺗ

دوﺪﺣ 3 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺗ زا ﺒﻟ ﮥ ﺑﯿ ﻧوﺮ ﯽ نآ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﭙﺗ ﻦﯾا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ

رد ﺖﺸﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

دﺎﻌﺑا 10 - 8 40× 40× ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻞﮔ تﻼﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ تﻮﻣﺎﺷ

) ﻣآ ﯿ هﺰ

درﻮﻣ (

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد اﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ود

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

،ﺖﺳا ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ﻂﻘﻓ اراد ي ﻦﺷ ر ﯾﺰ ﺴﻫ ﺪﻨﺘ ﺎﻣا رد ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ زا ﮓﻨﺳ رﯾ هﺰ

) لواﺮﮔ

ﻪﺑ (

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻣآ ﯿ هﺰ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺶ ﺸﺨﺑ ﯽ زا اﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ رد و ﺢﻄﺳ ﻧﺪﺑ

ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ راﺪﻘﻣ

ز ﯾ دﺎ ي

ﮓﻨﺳ رﯾ هﺰ رد ﺢﻄﺳ نآ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

رد ﺷﻮﮔ ﮥ بﻮﻨﺟ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﯾ ﮏ زﺎﺳ ة ﺘﺸﺧ

،ﯽ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻠﺑ نآ يﺎﻫ

راﺮﻗ دراد سﺎﯿﻗ رد ﻪﮐ ﻪﭙﺗ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳا ﻢﯿﺠﺣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ .

ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ نآ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ فﺮﻌﻣ هزﺎﺳ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ و

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺑ ﮏﯾ .ﺖﺳا جﺮ رد ﻪﮐ جﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا

ﻞﺧاد

ورﺎﺑ ثاﺪﺣا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ، ﯽﻗﺎﺑ

ةﺪﻧﺎﻣ نآ 5 زا ﺶﯿﺑ و عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺮﺘﻣ 10

ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﻄﻗ .دراد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا

رد ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﯾاوز ﻪﭙﺗ د جﺮﺑ دﻮﺟو ﺮﺑ لاد ﯽﻘﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ هﺪﯾ

ﺷ ﻮ د ةزﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ يدﻮﺟو ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﯽﮔﺮﺘﺳ

،

ﺶﺳﺮﭘ يﺎﺟ دراد

ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ) 4 .(

رد ﺶﺨﺑ لﺎﻤﺷ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻧﺪﺑ ﮥ

ِجﺮﺑ ﺘﺸﺧ ﯽ

، ﯾ ﮏ هﺮﻔﺣ رد دﺎﻌﺑا ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾﺒ ﯽ 2 ﺮﺘﻣ رد عﺎﻔﺗرا و 2 ﺮﺘﻣ رد ﻖﻤﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

نارﺎﻔﺣ زﺎﺠﻣﺮﯿﻏ اﯾ هﺪﺷدﺎﺠ ﻪﮐ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺨﺗ ﯾ ﺐ و جوﺮﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ز ﯾ دﺎ ي زا ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺘﺸﺧ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ هزﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﻦﯾا

، ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﭘﻮﺗ ﯽﻠﺧاد يﺎﻀﻓ

ﻦﯾا جﺮﺑ دﻮﺑ . ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد اﯾ ﻦ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ ؛ دﺎﻌﺑا 40 40× ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺘﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﯽ دوﺪﺣ 8 ﺎﺗ 10 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻧراد . اﺮﺑ ي

لﺎﺼﺗا ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ زا تﻼﻣ ﻞﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ 5 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﺮﺑ ور ي ﺢﻄﺳ ز ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﻦ ﯾ ﮏ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا

ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﯿ نوﺮ هﺪﻣآ رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺨﺗ ﯾ ﺐ ﺪﺷ ة جﺮﺑ

، ﺘﻣﻼﻋ ﯽ ﺒﺷ ﯿ ﻪ فﺮﺣ ﻠﮕﻧاC

ﯿ ﺴ ﯽ د ﯾ هﺪ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا

ﺮﺑ ور ي ﺖﺸﺧ ﺮَﺗ ﺮﻘَﻧ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا اﯾ ﻦ ﺖﻣﻼﻋ ءﺰﺟ ﻼﻋ ﯾﻢ دادراﺮﻗ ي هدﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺸﺧ نز ﺎﻫ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ندﺮﮐ

ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﺻﺎﺧ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺷﻮﭘ ﯿ هﺪ

،ﺖﺳا اﯾ دﺎﺠ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

. (

(7)

تﺎﻌ�ﺎﻄ�

نﺎﺘ�ﺎﺑ ﯽ�ﺎﻨ�

، رود ة 13

، رﺎﻤﺷ ة 3

، ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ 1400 321 /

ﯾ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﮏ

ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ راد ورﺎﺑ و جﺮﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ

زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ هزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻫ ي يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ رد نورد

دﻮﺧ ا ﺖﺳ .

ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا اﯾ ﻦ ﺎﻨﺑ اراد ي رﺎﻬﭼ جﺮﺑ رد ﺷﻮﮔرﺎﻬﭼ ﮥ

دﻮﺧ (ورﺎﺑ ﻞﺧاد) هدﻮﺑ

و نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ

ﺪﺷ

؛ جﺮﺑ بﻮﻨﺟ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﯿ ﻞ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ زا ﺎﺳ ﯾﺮ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ حﻮﺿو ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ؤر ﯾ ﺖ دﻮﺑ ﺎﻣا ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺎﯾاوز ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد

جﺮﺑ دﻮﺟو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﮑﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

رد شوﺎﮐ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا

،ﻞﺼﻓ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا لﻮﺼﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ

عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ﻧﯿ

زﺎ دﻮﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ ﯿ ﺲ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻮﺷ .د

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻠﻗ

ﻪﻌ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ» ﻦﯿﻣز زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ رد«

هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو دﻮﺧ ﯽﻧﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻔﺻ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد يزﺎﺳ

لﺰﻗ نﻮﭼ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑ

رد ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا نﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﯾﺎﻣ و ﯽﺑ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا دراﻮﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﺖﺳا دﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

ﻒﻟا : 108

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(

، ﺎﺷ ﺪﯾ

ناﻮﺘﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻪﻔﺻ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔ رد ﯽﺘﺷد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺑ فاﺮﺷا ﺖﻬﺟ نآ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ

ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا نارود ،

ﻪﻔﺻ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺎﯾآ ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺎﻣا يزﺎﺳ

ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ صﺎﺧ

مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺎﯾ و ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﮏﯾ زا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﯽﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻤﮔ

ﻦﯾا لاﺆﺳ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا رد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮥﻣادا ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﺪﯾﺎﺷ

ﻦﯾا

راوآ ﺖﺷﺎﺒﻧا زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

(Jakubiak, 2006: 133)

.

ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ ﭘ ﯿ نﻮﻣاﺮ اﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺛا اراد ي ﯾ ﮏ ﺷ ﯿ ﺐ ﻼﻣ ﯾﻢ ود ﺪﺻرد ي زا ﺖﻤﺳ لﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ بﻮﻨﺟ ﺖﺳا

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ)

ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ،يرادﺮﺑ 1365 ك .ش : - 4

.(

ًاﺮﻫﺎﻇ اﯾ ﻦ ﺷ ﯿ ﺐ رد اﯾ ﻦ هزﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هﺪﺸﻧ و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷﺎﻧ ﯽ زا ﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑ ﯽ

رد ﺎﻀﻓ ي ﻠﺧاد ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ بﻮﻨﺟ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .ا ﯾ ﻦ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ رد زارد تﺪﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺶ

دﯾ راﻮ ة بﻮﻨﺟ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ هﺪﺷ و ﺪﻨﮑﺑآ ي ﻤﻋ ﯿ ﻖ رد نآ اﯾ دﺎﺠ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺮﺨﺗ

ﯾ ﺐ و

دﺰﻧوﺮﺑ ﺖﺸﺧ ﺎﻫ ي اﯾ ﻦ ﺶﺨﺑ زا هزﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ دورو ي اﯾ ﻦ هزﺎﺳ ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا

. ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﯿ ﻞ ﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺶ

ِﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﯽﯾ ﻪﮐ ﻠﺨﺗ ﮥﯿ بآ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ رد ﻊﻠﺿ بﻮﻨﺟ ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ اﯾ دﺎﺠ هدﺮﮐ

، رد هﺎﮕﻧ لوا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﺳا اﯾ ﻦ ضﺮﻓ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ دورو ي د ر اﯾ ﻦ

ﺶﺨﺑ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا يﻮﻗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﭽﻧآ . ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا نﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ

دﻮﺟو ددﺮﮔ ﯾ

ﮏ دﺎﺟ ة ﺪﻗ ﯾﻤ ﯽ رد وﺎﺼﺗ ﯾﺮ

هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ يا ﺎﻧوﺮﮐ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هدﺎﺟ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻫد

ﺎﺑ ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ ﻤﮐ ﯽ زا ﻊﻠﺿ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ زا

ﻪﭙﺗ رد ﺖﻬﺟ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ - ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ

رﻮﺒﻋ ﻣ ﯽ هدﺮﮐ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﻣا رد ﻣﯿ ﻧﺎ ﮥ دﯾ راﻮ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻦﯾا

،هزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ضﺮﻋ هد ﺮﺘﻣ اراد ي كﺎﺧ راوآ ي توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ظﺎﺤﻟ

ﮓﻧر و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺳ ﯾﺮ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ ﻫ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤ ضﺮﻓ

د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ي دﻮﺟو

دورو ي رد د ﯾ راﻮ ة ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ

تﻮﻗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

. ﯽﺑ ﮏﺷ تﺎﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ تﺎﺒﺛا ﻧﯿ

ﺪﻨﻣزﺎ شوﺎﮐ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺳا .

نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ؛ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ نﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﻞﺒﻗ لﻮﺼﻓ رد ﯽﺘ

،رود هار زا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﭙﮐ روﺪﯾﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ /ﯽﻧﺎﮑﺷا يﺎﻫ

غاد - غادﻻآ

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺳد ﺮﯾز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺳ رد ﯽﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ

(ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ :

1 - ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ دﺮﻔﻨﻣ 2 - ﻪﭙﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

رﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ 3

- ﻪﭙﺗ رﻮﺼﺤﻣ يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

ﻒﻟا

،ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ( .

ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا ﻪﭙﺗ رﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

تﺎﺒﺛا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا

ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ شوﺎﮐ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا و نﻮﻣزآ ﺖﻬﺟ ،

ﯾدﺮﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪ.

(8)

تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا رد ﻞﺼﻓ زا زا ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

؛

ﻒﻟا ( ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻧز ﯽ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﺶﺳﺮﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﭙﺗ و ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺮﺣ ﯾﻢ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ

ب ( مﺎﺠﻧا ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻓﻮﺋژ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﮏ .

ج ( ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ يرﺎﮕﻧﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ

.ج 1 . ﻬﺗ ﮥﯿ ﺸﻘﻧ ﮥ ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﯽ ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻘﻣ ﯿ سﺎ 1:500 ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ .ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ

.ج 2 . ﻮﺼﺗ ﯾ رادﺮﺑﺮ ي اﻮﻫ ﯽﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻬﭘ ﭙ دﺎ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﭘ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ و ضراﻮﻋ ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ و ﻏ ﯿ ﺒﻃﺮ ﯿﻌ ﯽ

نآ . ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ رﺎﮐ عوﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ

زا ماﺪﻗا ﻪﺑ دراﻮﻣ قﻮﻓ ﺮﮐﺬﻟا

، ةﺮﺘﺴﮔ دوﺪﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد رﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ

ﮥﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ

دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رود هار زا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد )

1000 ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ - و ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ 395

ﯽﻗﺮﺷ ﺮﺘﻣ -

(ﯽﺑﺮﻏ درﻮﻣ

ﭘﯿ ﺎﻤ ﯾ ﺶ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

9. ﻪﭽﻧآ زا اﯾ ﻦ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

،ﺪﺷ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ داﺪﻌﺗ ز ﯾ دﺎ ي ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ ﺎﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا

ًادوﺪﺣ 50 ﺎﺗ

90 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ زا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻣز ﯿ ﻦ دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ رد دﺎﻌﺑا و ﻞﺻاﻮﻓ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ رد تﺎﻬﺟ

،لﺎﻤﺷ قﺮﺷ و بﺮﻏ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .ا ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ضراﻮﻋ د ﯾ هﺪ هﺪﺷ رد ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ زا رود و ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﻪ ﺪﺷ ة ﺪﺟ ﯾ

،ﺪ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .10

ﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ تﺎﻬﺟ رد هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد لﺎﻤﺷ

قﺮﺷ و بﺮﻏ ، ﻃﻮﺤﻣ

ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ

دﻮﺑ ﺪﻧ

ﺎﻣا ﺶﺨﺑ ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﯽ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﻣز

دﻮﺑ

. (

4 . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﯾﺰﯿﻓﻮﺋژ ﮏ رد ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺖﻌﺳو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ و ،شوﺎﮐ زا ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺴﮐ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ زا دﻮﺟو

ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ي

رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رد

،ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ زا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺮﯾز حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ درﻮﻣ

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ ﯿ ﺲ راﺮﻗ

11ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

. (

(ﻒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﻀﻓ ي ﻠﺧاد ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ : فﺪﻫ زا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ ﯿ ﺲ رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻞﺤﻣ

، نﺎﮑﻣا ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﺎﻘﺑ ﯾﺎ ي

رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي نﻮﻓﺪﻣ و دﻮﺟو زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا جﺮﺑ

ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﺨﺑ لﺎﻤﺷ ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ و لﺎﻤﺷ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ دﻮﺑ

. ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ رد

صﻮﺼﺧ دﻮﺟو

جﺮﺑ ود رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﯾ هﺪﺷدﺎ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ دﻮﺑ .

(ب رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ 50 ﺮﺘﻣ ي ﺶﺨﺑ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﭙﺗ

، ﮥﺘﺸﭘ ﻢﮐ ﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ يا دوﺪﺣ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺘﻣ دﻮﺟو دراد .ا ﯾ ﻦ

ﻪﺘﺸﭘ رد ﯾ ﮏ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ 30 30× ﺮﺘﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ ﯿ ﺲ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺖﻠﻋ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺘﺸﭘ

دﻮﺟو ، ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ

رد مود ورو صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا .دﻮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يد

ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﻦﯾا

ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ رد رﻮﺤﻣ ) ﺲﮐآ ( ﻊﻠﺿ

ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ

، رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻣ ﯽ ﺖﻓر رد اﯾ ﻦ ﺶﺨﺑ زا يﺪﻫاﻮﺷ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ هزﺎﺳ

دورو ي و ﯾﺎ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ي ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ددﺮﮔ . رد رﺎﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا

ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﻄﺧ ﯽ گرﺰﺑ

ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ رد دﻮﺑ

ﻪﮐ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻄﺧ ﯽ ﻮﻗ ي لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ 23 ﺮﺘﻣ و ضﺮﻋ ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾﺒ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ود ﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا . رد ﺶﺨﺑ

ﺑﺮﻏ

ِﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﻄﺧ ﯽ

، داﺪﻌﺗ ي ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ يﺎﻫ ﻄﺧ ﯽ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي رد ﺖﻬﺟ لﺎﻤﺷ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ بﻮﻨﺟ – ﺑﺮﻏ ﯽ دﻮﺟو

ﺪﻧراد ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻬﺟ ﺎ ت ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻄﺧ ﯽ هﺪﺷرﺎﮑﺷآ رد

ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ ﯿ ﺴ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻢﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

. مﺎﻤﺗ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ

ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺳ

ﺎﻀﻓ ي ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا 5 ﺎﺗ 7 ﺮﺘﻣ ضﺮﻋ و لﻮﻃ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ 10 ﺎﺗ 12 ﺮﺘﻣ ار ﻧ نﺎﺸ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻫد .

(ج ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و كرد ﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا ناﺰﯿﻣ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﻘﺑ

ﯾﺎ ي رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ هﺪﺷ رد ةدوﺪﺤﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ

ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻗاو ، رد ﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﮥ 570 ﺮﺘﻣ ي لﺎﻤﺷ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

، ﯾ ﮏ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ 50 50× ﺮﺘﻣ ي درﻮﻣ و دﺎﺠﯾا ﺳرﺮﺑ

ﯽ

(9)

تﺎﻌ�ﺎﻄ�

نﺎﺘ�ﺎﺑ ﯽ�ﺎﻨ�

، رود ة 13

، رﺎﻤﺷ ة 3

، ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ 1400 323 /

ﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣﻮﺋژ ﯿ ﺲ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي هﺪﺷرﺎﮑﺷآ رد

اﯾ ﻦ دوﺪﺤﻣ

،ه ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻄﺧ ﯽ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻢ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﮐ ﺎﻘﺑ ﯾﺎ ي رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﮏ ﺎﻨﺑ ي گرﺰﺑ ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﻫد ﻨ ﺪ .ا ﯾ ﻦ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻄﺧ ﯽ رد ﺖﻬﺟ لﺎﻤﺷ قﺮﺷ - بﻮﻨﺟ

بﺮﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻢﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻟﺎﻣﻮﻧآ

ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ي ب و ﻒﻟا يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

. دﺎﻌﺑا اﯾ ﻦ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ دوﺪﺣ 36 33×

ﺮﺘﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ اراد ي د ﯾ راﻮ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻘﺗ

ﯾﺒ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ 4 ﺎﺗ 7 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا . رد نورد اﯾ ﻦ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ي زا ﯾ ﮏ

زﺎﺳ ة ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺮﺗ رد ﺶﺨﺑ بﻮﻨﺟ ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ نآ ﺎﺑ د ﯾ ﺎﻫراﻮ ﯽﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻘﺗ

ﯾﺒ ﯽ 6 ﺮﺘﻣ دﻮﺟو دراد . دﯾ ﺎﻫراﻮ ي اﯾ ﻦ

هزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ د ﯾ ﺎﻫراﻮ ي ﻗﺮﺷ ﯽ و ﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﯽ هزﺎﺳ ﻠﺻا ﯽ

، ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . هزاﺪﻧا اﯾ ﻦ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻧﯿ ﺰ دوﺪﺣ 13 رد 18 ﺮﺘﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ

دروآﺮﺑ ﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖ .

5 . ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻧز ﯽ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ و ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺮﺣ ﯾ ﻢ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ

دﻮﺟو ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ رد يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﭙﺗ

ﻌﻠﻗ ﻪ اﺪﺘﺑا ، 10 ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺮﺑ

ﻪﺘﺸﭘ يور ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ، ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ

ﻪﻨﯿﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﻫ ﺎ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﺨﯾرﺎﺗ ﻖﻓا ﮏﯾ رد ﻪﮐ

ﺄﺗ ﯿﯾ ﺪ ي ﻪﭙﺗ نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ رد يراﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﺖﺤﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

دﻮﺑ . زا ﺲﭘ تﺎﺒﺛا ﺿﺮﻓ

،ﻪﯿ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﯾ ﺮﺘﺴﮔ ة ﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﮐ و

كرد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺎﻀﻓ ﯽﯾ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ

» ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ « ﺎﺑ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ي ﭘ ﯿ نﻮﻣاﺮ

،نآ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛا ةﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ا دﺎﺠﯾ شوﺎﮐ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

.

اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﭙﺗ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺻﺮﻋ ﮥ ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ رد ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ و زا ﻪﺻﺮﻋ رد رﺎﻬﭼ ﺖﻬﺟ

،لﺎﻤﺷ

،قﺮﺷ بﺮﻏ

و بﻮﻨﺟ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ رد دﺎﻌﺑا 150 150× ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و ﺎﺑ

ﺮﻔﺣ 50

،ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ هﺮﺘﺴﮔ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﻌﺳو

80 رﺎﺘﮑﻫ اﺮﺑ ي ﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﮥ ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﯾ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ رد . ﻪﻣادا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ِشوﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هداد حﺮﺷ ﻞﯿﺼﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

.ﺪﺷ ﺮﻔﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺎﻫ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ

رد ز ﯾﺮ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﺎﻫ ي رد هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

، يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي دﻮﺟو دراد و

ﺲﭘ زا ﻫﺎﮔآ ﯽ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻦ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ شوﺎﮐ زا ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﯾا فاﺪﻫا

، زا ﺮﻔﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ

ور ي اﯾ ﻦ

ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﺎﻫ راددﻮﺧ ي ﺪﺷ . ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ي

رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي رد ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﺎﻫ ﺑﯿ ﻦ 45 ﺎﺗ 90 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ دﻮﺑ . ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺸﭘ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد ﻪﮐ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺎﻫ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﺒﺴﻧ ﯽ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو زا

بﻮﺳر يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﮔ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ، يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺗ ﻖﻤﻋ 150 ﺎﺗ 200 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ درﻮﻣ ﮐ شوﺎ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

ﻪﮐ زا ﻪﯾﻻ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

،ﺪﺷ :ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﯾﻻ ﻪﺳ فﺮﻌﻣ ﻻ

ﮥﯾ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﮐ ﻻ ﮥﯾ كﺎﺧ ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ و ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﯽﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ

ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ

20 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ مود ﮥﯾﻻ .دراد ﯾ

ﮏ ﻻﯾ ﻪ كﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ مﺮﻧ رد ﻖﻤﻋ ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ 25 ﻟا ﯽ 90

ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ

12ﺖﺳا

، ﻪﯾﻻ ﻦﯾا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﺘﺸﻬﻧ ﻪ ﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ِﯽﻧ

يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﯾﺎﻘﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻪﮐ

،راﻮﯾد نﻮﭼ ﻒﮐ

و ﯾﺎ قﺎﺟا ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻣآ

ﻻ ﮥﯾ مﻮﺳ ﯾ ﮏ ﻻ ﮥﯾ ﻞﮑﺸﺘﻣ زا ﮓﻨﺳ ر ﯾﺰ ه رد دﺎﻌﺑا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻦﯿﺑ) 20 ﺎﺗ 60

ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ Pebbled

( و ﯾ ﮏ ﺖﺳد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿﺰ ﺖﺳا . ﻻ ﮥﯾ مﻮﺳ ﺘﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﯽ زا ﺶﯿﺑ 110 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ دراد

. (

ﺑ ﻦﯿﻣز ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻪﺸﻘﻧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ) ،يرادﺮﺑ

1365 ك .ش : - 4

ﻪﻃﻮﺤﻣ ،(

ﻪﭙﺗ سﺎﺗ و ﻪﻧﺎﮔدﺎﭘ رد

طوﺮﺨﻣ ﻨﮑﻓا ﻪ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .دراد راﺮﻗ ﻻﯾ

ﻪ مﻮﺳ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯾ ﮏ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﯾ نارود ﺳ ﯿ ﺑﻼ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ بآ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ هدﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

ﺮﮕﻨﺳ ﯾ هﺰ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﭼﻮﮐ و ﯾ ﺖﺳﺪﮑ ار ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ تﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرا زا هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺗ

ﺎﺟ ﺑ ﻪ ﺎﺟ هدﺮﮐ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺒﻟ رد ﺰﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

هﺰﯾﺮﮕﻨﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺑﯿ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ندﻮﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺖﺳا

. رد ز ﯾﺮ ﻻ ﯾ مﻮﺳ ﮥ

) ﮓﻨﺳ ر ﯾ هﺰ ﺎﻫ

ﻻ(

ﮥﯾ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﺪﺸﻧ .