158
Microbiological quality of some swimming water in the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province beaches, Iran
Maryam Zakaryaee1, Shahla Sefatian2, Ali-Asghar Saeedi3, Hassan Nasrolahzadeh-Saravi4,
Milad Adel5
1 MSc, Department of Marine Ecology, School of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Sciences and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Lecturer, Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Research Organization of Caspian Sea, Sari, Iran 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Research Organization of Caspian Sea, Sari, Iran 5 PhD Student, Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Research Organization of Caspian Sea, Sari, Iran
(Received December 2, 2013; Accepted March 9, 2014)
Abstract
Background and purpose: North cities in the southern Caspian Sea, especially Mazandaran and swimming beache is constantly exposed to microbial contamination that can be dangerous for swimmers and tourists health. The present study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of swimming water in the Caspian shores of Mazandaran province.
Materials and methods: For reviewing the microbiological status of some swimming water of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province beach, five stations were studied i.e. Fereidoon kenar, Babolsar, Joibar and Sari during January to March 2010. Mean total coliform, aerobic bacteria, fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli were determined by standard methods.
Results: Results showed that mean number of aerobic bacteria in Joibar station, in summer with 187 cfu/ml of sea water in minimum and in Sari station with 5800 cfu/ml of sea water was highest number. The lowest mean total coliforms in winter from Joibar station was less than 10 cfu/ml of sea water and maximum number with 2700 cfu/ml of sea water was reported from Sari station in autumn, minimum Escherichia coli less than 10 cfu/ml of sea water in winter from Joibar station and in the autumn with 1600 cfu/ml of sea water was the maximum number in Sari station.
Conclusion: The study showed all coastal areas of the Mazandaran province were contaminated. This study indicated that the coastal waters of the Mazandaran province pollutants can be dangerous for swimmers and tourists health.
Keywords: Caspian Sea, Mazandaran coastal waters, microbial contamination
J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2014; 23(Suppl 2): 159-63 (Persian).
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :
ﺮﻐﺻا ﻲﻠﻋ يﺪﻴﻌﺳ - يرﺎﺳ : رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هﺪﻜﺸﻫوﮋﭘ E-mail: aliasgharsaeedi@yahoo.com .
1 . ،ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ مﻮﺑ هوﺮﮔ
ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،لﺎﻤﺷ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﺣاو ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳﺎﻳرد نﻮﻨﻓ و مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﺎﻳرد ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
2 . مﻮﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،لﺎﻤﺷ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺪﺣاو ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳﺎﻳرد نﻮﻨﻓ و مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﺎﻳرد ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
3 . ﻫوﮋﭘ ،نﺎﻳﺰﺑآ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ،يرﺎﺳ ،رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هﺪﻜﺸ
4 . ناﺮﻳا ،يرﺎﺳ ،رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هﺪﻜﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا
5 . ناﺮﻳا ،يرﺎﺳ ،رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هﺪﻜﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،نﺎﻳﺰﺑآ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،يﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
هرود مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هﮋﻳو ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا لﺎﺳ 1392 ) 163 - 159 (
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
زا هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻳرد رﺰﺧ
رد ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ نﺎﺘﺳا
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﻛز ﻢﻳﺮﻣ 1
نﺎﻴﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﻼﻬﺷ
2
يﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺮﻐﺻا ﻲﻠﻋ
3
ﻪﻟاﺮﺼﻧ ﻦﺴﺣ يورﺎﺳ هداز
4
لدﺎﻋ دﻼﻴﻣ
5
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
و ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ : هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ و نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا هﮋﻳو ﻪﺑ رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘـﺳﻮﻴﭘ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ
.
هﺎﮔﺎﻨـﺷ بآ ﻲـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ رد رﺰـﺧ يﺎـﻳرد يﺎـﻫ
دﻮﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
: هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ بآ زا نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
5 هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ) ﻨﻜﻧوﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ ،رﺎ 1
،
ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ 2 يرﺎﺳ و رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ ، (
هﺎﻣ ﻲﻃ لﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ 1389
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يرادﺮﺑ ،يزاﻮـﻫ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻠﻛ شور ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺸﻳﺮﺷا و ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا ،ﻞﻛ مﺮﻓ ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ز ﻞﺼﻓ رد يزاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد نﺎﺘﺴﻣ 187
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ و ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﺎﺑ يرﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ رد 5800
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ داد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻳرد بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
. ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻞﻛ مﺮﻓ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا زا نﺎﺘﺴﻣز رد 10
رد نآ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و دﺪﻋ ﺎـﺑ يرﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ
2700
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪـﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد .
زا ﺮـﺘﻤﻛ رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد نﺎﺘﺴﻣز رد ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺸﻳﺮﺷا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ 10
يرﺎـﺳ هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ رد ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ و دﺪـﻋ
1600 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ دﻮﺑ ﺎﻳرد بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
.
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا : ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . بآ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
بوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﺘﻣﻼـﺳ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻚـﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ هدﻮﻟآ ،ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ناﺮﮔﺎﻨﺷ ددﺮﮔ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو بآ ،رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد :
ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
گرﺰﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد ،نﺎـﻬﺟ رﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻪـﭼﺎﻳرد ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﭼﺎﻳرد ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖـﺳا ﻲـﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛا ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻴﻧد يﺎﻫ
) 2 ، 1
.(
ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﻳﺎﺣ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ
يﺎـﻳرد ﻞﺣاﻮـﺳ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد نارﺪــﻧزﺎﻣ
ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻣ رﻮــﺸﻛ ﻪــﺑ ﻖــﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪــﻛ ﻲﺑﻮــﻨﺟ هزﻮــﺣ صﻮــﺼﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎ ﺖﺳا نآ ﻪﻛ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﺄـﺸﻨﻣ ﺎـﺑ هﮋـﻳو ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫ
و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا از داﻮﻣ دراﻮﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻲﺘﺣ ـﻳ
يﺮﻬـﺷ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ ﺪ و
ﻪﺑاﺮﻴـﺷ
ﻲﺷﺎﻧ نآ زا ﻲﻟﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ نوﺪﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا
ﻪـﻧﺎﺧدور ﺎـﻫ يﺎـﻳرد دراو
ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﺑوﺮﻜ ﻲ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ زا ﺎﻫ ي رد ﻳ ﺎ ي رﺰﺧ
160 ﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠ
مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود ،
هﮋﻳو ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1392
رﺰﺧ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ بآ و ﻄﻨﻣ و ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘ
ﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ ه ﺎﻫ ﺑ ار ﻪ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ رﻮـﻃ
ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ هدﻮﻟآ ﻛ ﻨ ﺪ
) 2
.(
ا زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﻳ ـﻫ
ﺎ دﺎـﺠﻳا ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ
ﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻚﻳ رد يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪ
ﺪﻧراد ار ﻦﻣﺰﻣ و دﺎﺣ ترﻮﺻ
) 3
.(
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ هﺎﮔﺎﻨـﺷ بآ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻲـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ
ﻲــﻠﻛ ،ﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑوﺮﺘﻧا ،ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑوﺮﺘﻴــﺳ ،ﻼﻴــﺴﺒﻠﻛ ،ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴــﺷﺮﺷا ،ﻞــﻛ مﺮــﻓ
سﺎﻧﻮﻣودﻮﺴﭘ و ﻼﻴﻓورﺪﻴﻫ سﺎﻧﻮﻣوﺮﺋآ ،سﮋﻧﺮﻓﺮﭘ مﻮﻳﺪﻳﺮﺘﺴﻠﻛ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻳو دﺮﻛ هرﺎﺷا سﻮﻜﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫارﺎﭘ ﻮﻳﺮﺒ
) 4
.(
ﻢـﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و ﺐﻠﻃ هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ رد از
عاﻮـﻧا ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ و ﻲﺷراﻮﮔ ،ﻲﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
) 6 ، 5
.(
بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻊﻓد ﻲﮕﻧﺎـﺧ و يﺮﻬـﺷ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻠﺣﺎـﺳ يﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ رد
ـﺑ رﻮﺸﻛ لﺎﻤﺷ ﻪ
بآ ﺢﻄـﺳ ندﻮـﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻲـﻨﻴﻣزﺮﻳز يﺎـﻫ
و
ﺎﻳرد ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳدﺰﻧ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﺎﻳرد ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ،دﻮـﺷ
ﺑ نوﺪ نآ ـﺴﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺄ
درﻮـﻣ ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻪﻟ
دﺮــﻴﮔ راﺮــﻗ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ
) 7 ، 6
.(
ياﺮــﺑ ﺎــﻬﻨﺗ ﻪــﻧ بﻼــﺿﺎﻓ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻊــﻓد
ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮــﻠﺟ و ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ و ﺖــﻇﺎﻔﺣ بآ يروﺮـﺿ ﻲـﻨﻴﻣزﺮﻳز و ﻲﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻲـﻣ
ـﺷﺎﺑ
،ﺪ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻪـﻜﻠﺑ
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﻆﻔﺣ
و نﺎـﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺖـﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﺮـﮕﻳد نﺎـﻳﺰﺑآ و
زا ﺰـﻴﻫﺮﭘ
ا ﺠﻳ ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑﺬﺟ و ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻄﻳاﺮﺷ دﺎ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
يﺎﻫ
يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ و
رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا زا ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﻜﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا نﻮـﻣاﺮﻴﭘ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ
ﻲـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ بآ
هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ي ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ر
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻊﻣﺎﺟ
،نوﺪﻣ و ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ
هداد و ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘـﺳد ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ياﺮـﺑ يدﺮﺑرﺎـﻛ و ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎـﻫ
هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻳا زا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ
.
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
لﺎــﺳ ﻲــﻃ رد 1389
عﻮــﻤﺠﻣ زا 27
نﺎﺘــﺳا ﻲﻠﺣﺎــﺳ هﺎﮕﻫﺎﻨــﺷ
داﺪﻌﺗ ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ 5
ا هﮋـﻳو يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖـﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞـﻴﻟد ﻪـﺑ هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳ
ﺐـﺼﻣ رد يرﺎـﺳ هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪــﻧﺎﺧدور تروﺎــﺠﻣ رد رﺎﻨﻜﻧوﺪــﻳﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا ،ﻦــﺠﺗ ﻪــﻧﺎﺧدور ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ،رﺎﻨﻜﻧوﺪﻳﺮﻓ 1
هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا ،دوﺮﻠﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﺐﺼﻣ رد
ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ 2 ) يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ (
و دوﺮﻠﺑﺎـﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور تروﺎﺠﻣ رد
ﺘــﺴﻳا
هار زا ندﻮــﺑ رود ﻞــﻴﻟد ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﻛ رﺎــﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕ و ﻲﻠــﺻا يﺎــﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرادﺮـﺑ
ﻪـﺑ هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا ﺮـﻫ زا و نﺎﺘـﺴﻣز و ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ،نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ،رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ رد داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ ترﻮﺻ 10
نوﺮﺘـﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ فوﺮـﻇ ﺎﺑ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﺑ 50 ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳ
ا ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ رد ﺐـﻌﻜﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ و ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻳﺮﺘـﺳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪـﺑ ﻞﻳﺮﺘـﺳا ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد و ﺦﻳ رﺎﻨﻛ رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ رﺰﺧ يﺎﻳرد يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هﺪﻜﺸﻫوﮋﭘ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻫ
9 ﻪﻟﻮﻟ شور ﻖﺒﻃ و يا ،شور دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ هﺪـﺷ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ درﻮــﻣ ﺪــﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮــﻗ ﻲــﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎــﻫ
) 1
.(
مﺎــﺠﻧا زا ﺲــﭘ
ﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ وﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎــﻫ داﺪــﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ،ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮــﻫ يور ﺮــﺑ ﻲــﺑ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
ﻲـﻠﻛ ،يزاﻮـﻫ يﺎﻫ و ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪـﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘـﺳا ،ﻞـﻛ مﺮـﻓ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺸﻳﺮﺷا .
مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ راﺰﻓا
ﻪﺨﺴﻧSPSS 16 ) version 16, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL (
يرﺎﻣآ شور و ANOVA
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد نارﺪـﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘـﺳا ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ رد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
هرﺎﻤـﺷ لوﺪـﺟ رد نآ ﺮـﺑ هوﻼـﻋ 2
ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رد ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ مﺮﻓ
5 هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ نﺎﻴﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ رد .
داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺎـﺑ رﺎـﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ﻞﺼﻓ رد يزاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
187 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ ﻞـﺼﻓ رد و ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ رد ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﺎﺑ يرﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ 5800
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ رد ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ
زا ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ دﻮﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ 10
ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞـﻛ مﺮﻓ
رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ﻞﺼﻓ رد ﺮـﺘﻤﻛ و ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ رد
زا 10 ﻲﻟﺎــﺣ رد ؛دﻮــﺑ دﺪــﻋ رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎــﭘ ﻞــﺼﻓ رد ناﺰــﻴﻣ ﻦــﻳا ﻪــﻛ
ﺎﺑ يرﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا 2700
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ رد ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ
دﻮﺑ دﻮﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ .
نﺎﺘـﺴﻣز رد ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴـﺷﺮﺷا داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا رد 10
رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ رد ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ و دﺪﻋ
ﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ،ير
1600 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد دﺪﻋ دﻮـﺑ ﺎﻳرد بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
. ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ
رد نﺎﺘــﺴﻣز ﻞــﺼﻓ رد ﻞﻗاﺪــﺣ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪــﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘــﺳا داﺪــﻌﺗ زا ﺮـﺘﻤﻛ رﺎـﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا 4
رد ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﻞـﺼﻓ رد ﺮﺜﻛاﺪـﺣ و دﺪـﻋ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا 200
رد يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ دﺪﻋ 100
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 1
: ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
رد ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ 5 نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
هﺎﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا
ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺸﻳﺮﺷا ﻲﻠﻛ ﻞﻛ مﺮﻓ يزاﻮﻫ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ 30
600 1470 2610
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا 62
800 1658 3032
دادﺮﺧ 88
1270 1684 3498
ﺮﻴﺗ 96
1376 1884 3922
دادﺮﻣ 78
1280 1902 3338
رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ 76
1270 1988 4060
ﺮﻬﻣ 183
1100 1886 4002
نﺎﺑآ 52
1076 1925 3332
رذآ 174
1250 2575 4180
يد 34
443 868 3453
ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 68
176 1005 2158
ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 40
458 1115 2402
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 2
: ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ مﺮﻓ
رد ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ 5
ﻞﺼﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻲﻃ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا
هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا
هﺎﻣ 1
2 3 4 5
رﺎﻬﺑ 64
/ 19 60 / 14 40 / 9 30 / 7 2 / 1
نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 95
/ 13 90 / 12 66 / 6 97 / 13 76 / 0
ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ 00
/ 13 95 / 7 00 / 6 125 / 11 00 / 1
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز 25
/ 11 90 / 7 54 / 3 90 / 4 00 / 2
ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
ﻞـﺼﻓ رﺎـﻬﭼ رد ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪـﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘـﺳا داﺪـﻌﺗ
لﺎﺳ 1389 رد 5 رادﻮﻤﻧ رد هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا هرﺎﻤﺷ
1 ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪــﻛ داد نﺎــﺸﻧ
كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘــﺳا داﺪــﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮــﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا
ﻪـﺑ نﺎﺘـﺴﻣز ،ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ،نﺎﺘـﺴﺑﺎﺗ ،رﺎـﻬﺑ ﻞـﺼﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ار ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ داﺪـــﻌﺗ ﺎـــﺑ ﺐـــﻴﺗﺮﺗ 3
/
±6 100 ، 2 /
±4 150 ، 3 /
±3 200 و
1 /
±2 93 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﻫ رد دﺪﻋ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ و ﺖـﺷاد ﺎـﻳرد بآ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ
دﻮــﺑ ﺪﻫﺎــﺷ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا ﻪــﺑ طﻮــﺑﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ داﺪــﻌﺗ .
هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا
و رﺎﻨﻜﻧوﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ
2
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘـﺧا رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ﺎﺑ يراد
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار )
05 /
<0 (P ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار يﺮﺘﻤﻛ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ و
ﺮــﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا 1
دﻮــﺑ اراد . و يرﺎــﺳ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد
) 05 /
<0 .(P
هرﺎﻤﺷ رادﻮﻤﻧ 1
: ﻤﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا شرﺎ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ
رد 5 هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ﻞﺼﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻲﻃ
ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ﻴ ﺑوﺮﻜ ﻲ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ زا ﺎﻫ ي رد ﻳ ﺎ ي رﺰﺧ
162 ﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠ
مﻮﺳ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود ،
هﮋﻳو ﻪﻣﺎﻧ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻔﺳا 1392
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪـﻴﻠﻛ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﻢــﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜﻴﻣ نﺎﺘــﺳا ﻲﻠﺣﺎــﺳ ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ مﺎــﻤﺗ رد ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ يﺎــﻫ
رﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟ و ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ ،يرﺎﺳ ،رﺎﻨﻜﻧوﺪﻳﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻊﻗاو نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ
ﺘـﺴﺑﺎﺗ و ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ رد و راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ رد نﺎﺘﺴﻣز رد ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ رد نﺎ
هدﻮﺑ دﻮﺧ راﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا
فﻼﺘـﺧا ﻞـﻴﻟد
دﺎــﻳز ﻊــﻤﺠﺗ و ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ لﻮــﺼﻓ رد بآ و اﻮــﻫ تراﺮــﺣ ﻪــﺟرد
ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ نﺎﺘــﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻞــﺼﻓ رد ناﺮﮕــﺷدﺮﮔ و ناﺮﮔﺎﻨــﺷ .
ﺮﺜﻛاﺪــﺣ
ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ رد ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا )
هﺎـﻣ رذآ ( هﺪـﺷ شراﺰـﮔ
ﻲﮔﺪﻧرﺎﺑ و يﻮﺟ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ نآ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﻞـﺼﻓ
ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ يﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ و ﺎـﻳرد ﺰـﻳﺮﺑآ هزﻮـﺣ ﻢﻴـﻘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ددﺮﮔ . ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا رد ﺎـﻫ
هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا ﻪــﻤﻫ ﺪﻫﺎــﺷ هﺎﮕﺘــﺴﻳا زا ﺮــﻴﻏ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻫ
) رﺎــﺒﻳﻮﺟ ( زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ
ﻲــﻣ هﺪــﺷ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ راﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآ راﺪــﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ،يزاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ و ﻞﻛ مﺮﻓ
هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا رد ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴـﺸﻳﺮﺷا 1
) يرﺎﺳ ( ﺪـﺷ شراﺰـﮔ ،دراد راﺮـﻗ ﻦـﺠﺗ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧدور ﺐﺼﻣ رد ﻪﻛ
بﺎﺴﭘ ﻲﻤﻳاد و ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ نآ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻴﻔـﺼﺗ يﺎـﻫ
بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ،يزروﺎﺸﻛ ،يﺮﻬﺷ هﺪﺸﻧ نارﻮﺘﺳر و ﻲﮕﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ
يﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻲﻣ يا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺮﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا 1
،دراد راﺮـﻗ دوﺮﻠﺑﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧدور ﺐﺼﻣ رد ﻪﻛ
ﻻﺎﺑ كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﺑ و ﺖـﺷاد ار ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ
هﺎﮔﺎﻨـﺷ دﺪـﻌﺗ ،ﻲﺘـﺴﻳرﻮﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ نآ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺪﺳر ،ﺎـﻫ
هﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ هار و ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻳدﺰﻧ ،ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ﺎﻫ و ﻲﻠـﺻا يﺎﻫ
بﺎﺴﭘ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﺨﺗ و دوﺮﻠﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﺐﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ يراﻮﺠﻤﻫ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺮﻬﺷ .
ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا )
رﺎـﺒﻳﻮﺟ ( ﻤﻛ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘ
ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜﻴﻣ دﻮﺑ اراد ار ﺎﻫ
. رود ﻞـﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا
هار زا ندﻮــﺑ ،يﺮﮕــﺷدﺮﮔ تﺎــﻧﺎﻜﻣا ندﻮــﺑ ﺮــﺘﻤﻛ ،ﻲﻠــﺻا يﺎــﻫ
ﻪـﻧﺎﺧدور زا يرود و ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳا
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺎـﻫ . نﺎـﻤﻫ
كﻮﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘــﺳا و ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴــﺸﻳﺮﺷا ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ،ﺪــﺷ هرﺎــﺷا ﻪــﻛ رﻮــﻃ هﺎﮕﺟﺮﻔﺗ ﻞﺣﺎﺳ رد ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ و يرﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺴﻠﺑ - ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻛ
هﺎﮔﺎﻨــﺷ و ﻲــﺤﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺰــﻛاﺮﻣ يدﺎــﻳز داﺪــﻌﺗ ياﺮﻳﺬــﭘ ﻢــﻬﻣ يﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ و ﻲﻠﺧاد ﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
- ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﺪﻧراد ار ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﻳا رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
ترازو ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ هﺪــﺷ دﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ رﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 10 - 5
.(
ﻠﻛ هرﺎﻤـﺷ لوﺪﺟ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ و داﺪﻋا ﻪﻴ 2
ﻪـﻛ
ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻛﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ مﺮﻓ ﻮ
ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪـﻣ ك ﺮـﻛذ نآ رد
،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ـﺸﻨﻣ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ زا نﺎﺸﻧ
ﺄ ـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧا ﻪ
ـﺸﻨﻣ يﺎـﺟ ﺄ
ﻲﻧاﻮـﻴﺣ نآ
دراد
ﻲـﻣ ﻞـﻣﺄﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ و هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ناﺮﮕﻧ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. زا
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا ﻞﻳﻻد ﻦﻳﺮﺗ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ هﺪﺸﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ دورو ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﺎـﻫ
بﺎﺴﭘ و هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ و ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
هرﺎﺷا ﺎﻫ
تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻦـﻳا ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ و ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷاد نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮﻴﮔ ترﻮﺻ لوﺆﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ
.
ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ و ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ
هﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳا ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ يﺎـﻫ
رد هﺪـﺷ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ
نﺎﺘــﺳا رد نارﺪــﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘــﺳا ﻞﺣاﻮــﺳ و نارﺪــﻧزﺎﻣ ،نﻼﻴــﮔ يﺎــﻫ
ﺮـﻣا ﻦـﻳا ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ رﺎﺑ زا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ناﺮﮕﻧ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 16 - 11
.(
هﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳا ﺮـﺴﻠﺑﺎﺑ ،يرﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
رد ناﺮﮔﺎﻨـﺷ و ناﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ دﺎـﻳز رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ رﺎﻨﻜﻧوﺪﻳﺮﻓ و ﻳﺎﻋر مﺪﻋ و لﺎﺳ مﺮﮔ لﻮﺼﻓ بﺎـﺴﭘ دورو ﻢﻳﺮﺣ ﺖ
ﻪﻴﻔـﺼﺗ يﺎـﻫ
بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ ،هﺪﺸﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻣاد و يزروﺎـﺸﻛ ،ﻲﮕﻧﺎـﺧ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧا يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﻮﻟآ تﺪﺷ .
هﮋـﻳو ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور رد ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴﺸﻳﺮﺷا و ﻲﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ سﻮﻛﻮﻛوﺮﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ
هﺎﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﺤﻣ رد ﺎﻳرد دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا دوﺪـﺣ زا ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ و زرﺎـﺑ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻲﺘﻣﻼـﺳ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ و ﺖـﺳا
ﻲـﻣ رﺎﻜـﺷآ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﻦـﻳا ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ناﺮﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ؛دﻮـﺷ
حﺮﻃ ياﺮﺟا ﻢﻟﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻲـﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪﻴﻔـﺼﺗ ،ﻲﻠﺣﺎـﺳ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ يزﺎـﺳ
بﻼﺿﺎﻓ
ﻲـﺳرزﺎﺑ ،يﺮﻬـﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎـﻫ يرادﺮـﺑ
ﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ مﺎــﺠﻧا رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﻠﺣﺎــﺳ ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ بآ زا ﻪــﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ يﺎــﻫ
،ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ
نﺪـﺷ تﻼﻴﻬـﺴﺗ و تﺎـﻧﺎﻜﻣا ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻠﺣﺎـﺳ طﺎـﻘﻧ
تﺎﻣﺪــﺧ و ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ شزﻮــﻣآ ،ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺳر
يﺎــﻫ
عﻼــﻃا و نوﺪــﻣ ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎــﺳر
و ناﺮﮕــﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪــﺑ مزﻻ يﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ ﻲﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ناﺮﮔﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺳر
.
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