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1- Bogaert, Dekeers Maeker, Van Ranst, Commercial Agency and Distribution Agreement (3rdedition), Oxford, 2004.
2- Bueno Diaz, Odavia, Commercial Agency, Franchise and Distribution Contract, Oxford University Press, 2006.
3- Dalhusein, Jan, Dalhusein on International Commercial, Financial and Trade Law, 2 Edition, Hart Publishing, 2004.
4- Mc Nally, Kevin, Franchise History, http:www.leemyles-automotive- franchise.com/franchise-articles/franchise-history.html
5- Paul H, Rubin, The Theory of the Firm and Structure of the Franchise Contract, the University of Chicago Press Journal of Law and Economics, vol, 21.
6- Veldman, Muriel, Commercial Agency, Franchise and Distribution Contracts, Oxford University Press, First Published, 2006.
7- Wipo, Franchising Guid, Wipo, 2004.
8- www.franchise.business-opportunities.biz 9-www.franchisehandbook.com
10- www.irantonian.com 11- www.irantonian.net
12- www.the-franchise-shop.com 13- www.wikipedia.org
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