دﺮﺧ و نﺎﺟ ﺪﻧواﺪﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ شزﻮﻣآ رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ي
ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻦﻤﺠﻧاﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ-ﻲﻤﻠﻋﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ي ا ﻳ ناﺮ
هرود مود هرﺎﻤﺷ- 3 رﺎﻬﺑ- 1392
ﺘﻣاﺐﺣﺎﺻ• ﻴ
زﺎ ﻤﻠﻋﻦﻤﺠﻧا: ﻲ
رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ي ا ﻳ ناﺮ
ﺪﻣ• ﻳ ﺴﻣﺮ ﺆ لو ﺮﻴﺑدﺮﺳو ﺮﺘﻛد :
ﻲﻧﺎﺤﻟاﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ
ﺪﻣ• ﻳ ﺮ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﺲﻳوﻲﺒﺘﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد: يداﺮﻣ
ﻧاﻪﻧاوﺮﭘهرﺎﻤﺷ• رﺎﺸﺘ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳادﺎﺷراترازو :
4823 / خرﻮﻣ94 20 / 2 / 91
هرﺎﻤﺷ• ﻦﻴﺑدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا
2322: - 3812
ﺑهرﺎﻤﺷ• ﻴ ﻦ ﺮﺸﻧﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻳ
ﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻪ ﻴ ﻲﻜ : 4428 - e-ISSN2322
ارﻮﺷ• ي ﻮﻧ ﻳ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ
ﺎﺒﻔﻟافوﺮﺣﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ)
:(
ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳاﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد- ﻼﻴﮔﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،ﻲﻨﺑﺪﻨﺑرﻮﭘ
ن
سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهوﺮﮔرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻧﺎﺤﻟاﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓﺮﺘﻛد-
سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهوﺮﮔرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﻪﺷﻮﻧاﺮﻴﻨﻣﺮﺘﻛد-
ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﺎﺘﻜﻳﺎﺳرﺎﭘهﺮﻫزﺮﺘﻛد-
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،يوﺮﻴﭘﺪﻴﻤﺣﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻬﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،ﻲﻏاﺮﭼﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻬﺗ
ﻲﺸﺨﺒﻧاﻮﺗوﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد-
ﻖﺣﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓهﺪﻴﺳﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻳﻮﻜﺳاﺖﺳود
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺗ
ناﺮﻬ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،يرﺪﻴﺣﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد-
نﺎﻘﻫدﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،يﺮﻴﻧ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻬﺗ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،هژرﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧﺮﺘﻛد-
ﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،حاﺪﻣﺮﻗﺎﺑﺪﻴﺳتادﺎﺳﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﺸﺨﺒﻧاﻮﺗوﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادر
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻤﻃﺎﻓﺪﻴﺳﻪﻤﻴﻌﻧﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻬﺗ
ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﺖﻣﻼﺳيﺎﻘﺗراوﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑشزﻮﻣآياﺮﺘﻛد،ﻞﻃرذآﺮﺘﻛد-
ﻴﻘﺑﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،يدﺎﺒﻋسﺎﺒﻋﺮﺘﻛد- ﻪ
ﷲا
سﺎﺒﻋسﺎﺒﻋﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑﺪﻴﻬﺷﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،هداز
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،نﺎﻳﺪﻧﻮﺛﺎﻴﻏدازﺮﻬﺷﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ناﺮﻬﺗ
نﺎﻨﻤﺳﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،يﺪﺣﻮﻣﺮﺨﻓﻲﻠﻋﺮﺘﻛد-
ﻓدﻮﻌﺴﻣﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﺸﺨﺒﻧاﻮﺗوﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،بﺎﻨﻜﺸﺧﻲﺣﻼ
ﻢﻇﺎﻛناوﺮﻴﺷﻮﻧاﺮﺘﻛد- سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﺘﺴﻳزرﺎﻣآهوﺮﮔدﺎﺘﺳا،داﮋﻧ
سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهوﺮﮔرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،يﺪﻤﺤﻣﻲﺴﻴﻋﺮﺘﻛد-
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،دادﺮﻬﻣاﺪﻧﺮﺘﻛد- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﺮﻬﺗ نا
يوﺎﻧﻦﺴﺣﺮﺘﻛد- سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهوﺮﮔرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،رﻮﭘ
ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاددﺎﺘﺳا،يدﺎﺑآﺮﺼﻧﺖﺨﺒﻜﻴﻧﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋﺮﺘﻛد-
ﺲﻳوﻲﺒﺘﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد- ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا،يداﺮﻣ
ﺳا،يوﺮﻫهﺪﻴﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد- ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘ
ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑﺪﻴﻬﺷﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻴﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻐﻳهﺪﻳﺮﻓﺮﺘﻛد-
وﻳ• ﻠﮕﻧارﺎﺘﺳاﺮ ﻴ
ﺴ ﻲ ﺲﻳوﻲﺒﺘﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد : يداﺮﻣ
وﻳ• ﺳرﺎﻓرﺎﺘﺳاﺮ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻛد : ﻲﻧﺎﺤﻟاﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ
ﭽﻓوﺮﺣ• ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻪﺤﻔﺻو ارآ ﻲﻳ ﺣﻪﺘﺷﺮﻓ: ﻴ رﺪ ي
ﺮﻃ• ا ﺪﻠﺟح ﺮﻐﺻا : ﻧارﻮﺳ ﻲ
ﺮﺷﺎﻧ• ﻤﻠﻋﻦﻤﺠﻧا: ﻲ
رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ي ا ﻳ ناﺮ
ﻧﺎﺸﻧ• ﻲ ناﺮﻬﺗ : ﻣ– ﻴ ﺣﻮﺗناﺪ ﻴ ﺪ رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد– ي
ﺎﻣﺎﻣو ﻲﻳ ناﺮﻬﺗ
ﻛ• ﺘﺴﭘﺪ ﻲ 1419733171:
، ﺘﺴﭘقوﺪﻨﺻ ﻲ
398: / 14195
، ﻦﻔﻠﺗ و ﺑﺎﻤﻧ ﺮ 66592535:
e-mail: [email protected] , Website: http://jne.ir هرﺎﻤﺷﻦﻳاﻲﻤﻠﻋناروﺎﺸﻣ•
ﺗﻪﺑ) ﺎﺒﻔﻟافوﺮﺣﺐﻴﺗﺮ
:(
ﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳا ﻲﻨﺑﺪﻨﺑرﻮﭘ
ﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد يرﺪﻴﺣ
هراﺮﺷﺮﺘﻛد يوﺮﺴﺧ
ﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧﺮﺘﻛد هژر
ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ
ﺎﺿرﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﻤﻐﻴﺿ
رذآﺮﺘﻛد ﻞﻃ
هﺮﻫﺎﻃﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﺑﻻﻮﻃ
ﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﻠﻋ يﺪﺣﻮﻣﺮﺨﻓ
ﻪﺘﺷﺮﻓﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﺴﻠﺠﻣ
ماﺮﻬﺑﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﺒﺤﻣ
ﺎﺿر يدﻮﻌﺴﻣ
لﻮﺘﺑ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧ
ر ﻪﻴﻗ يﺮﻈﻧ
نارﻮﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻓ
ﻲﺒﺘﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد ﺲﻳو يداﺮﻣ
هﺪﻴﺠﻣﺮﺘﻛد يوﺮﻫ
ﻪﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣﺮﺘﻛد كﺎﭘﻚﻠﺴﻣﻲﺘﻤﻫ
هﺪﻳﺮﻓﺮﺘﻛد ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻐﻳ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ شزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ هژرﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ،1
يدﺎﺒﻋسﺎﺒﻋ،2
3
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ رد ﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ زا
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ .
يﺪـﻨﻳآﺮﻓﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
لﺎﺳردﻪﻛﺖﺳا
هﻮﻴﺷناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺮﻴﺧايﺎﻫ
ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣياﺮﺑيا
ﺮﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣردوﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑيﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟسﺎﺳا
ﺖـﺳاهﺪﺷحﺮﻄﻣﺎﻫ
.
ﻲﻣرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓﻦﻳاﻲﻃ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑتﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ،رﺎﻤﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋودﻮﺧﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑترﺎﻬﻣ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺪﻫاﻮﺷزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧذﺎﺨﺗاار .
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻮﺑﻪﺟاﻮﻣﻞﻜﺸﻣﺎﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋردنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﻛﺪﻫد هد
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑوﺪﻧا
نآﻞﻜﺸﻣ
شورزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا،ﺢﻴﺤﺻﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳﺎﻫ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﺮﻛذﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳزراوﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑيﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟيﺎﻫ
.
دﻮـﺟﻮﻣتﻻﺎـﻘﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑويروﺮﻣشورﻪﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺑﺮﺛﺆﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳاشرﺎﮕﻧزافﺪﻫ
يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهزﻮﺣرد ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ
.
هژاوﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣتوﺎﻀﻗوﺪﻫاﻮﺷ،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ : مﺎﮔ،يا
يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
5 / 12 / 1391 شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 24 / 2 / 1392
1 هﺪﻜﺸﻧادﻲﺑﺮﻣ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘياﺮﺘﻛديﻮﺠﺸﻧاد- ﻪﻴﻘﺑﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﷲا ﺞﻋ) ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،( لوﺆﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ)
(
ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ [email protected] :
2 هﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا- ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
3 ﻪﻴﻘﺑﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا- ﷲا
ﺞﻋ)
،( ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ هروديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3
،1392 54 - 49
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3 1392
٥٠
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑ
اﺪـﺘﺑاﻪـﻛﺖﺳامﻮﻬﻔﻣﻚﻳ،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ادﺎﻧﺎﻛرد ) 1980 (
وهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادﺮﻜﻳورﺎﺑﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘشزﻮﻣآياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﺑندادشزرا
هدادزاﻲﺷﺎﻧﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
وﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻣآدﻮﺟوﻪﺑﺎﻫروﺎﺑ .
ذﻮـﻔﻧﺎـﺑنﺎﻣزﺎـﺳﻚﻳناﺮﻛﻮﻛﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺤﺗاﺮﻓﻪﻋﺎـﺷاوشﺮﺘﺴـﮔﻪﺑترﺪﻗﺎﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻞـﻴﻠ
ﻲﻣﻚﻤﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ .
وﻞـﻣﺎﻛروﺮـﻣﺮـﺑﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻊﻣﺎﺟ
وتﻼﺧاﺪـﻣﺮـﺑﺪـﻴﻛﺄﺗﺎﺑتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ
،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳاناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑهﺪـﺷﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼـﺗويرﺎـﻣآيﺎﻫ
درﻮـﻣردﻲﺗﺎـﻴﺣيﺮـﻴﮔ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺎﻔﺘـﺳادرﻮـﻣراﺰـﺑا،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣيﺎﻫ ردهد
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآﺎﺘﻣوتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳاراﻮﺘﺳاﺎﻫ
) و1 2 .(
تادﺎﻬﻨﺸــﻴﭘسﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ،ﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﺮــﺑﻲــﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖــﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ هداد
ﻪـﻳﺎﭘﻪـﻛﺖﺳاﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻚـﻳبﺎـﺨﺘﻧاياﺮـﺑيا
رﺎـﻈﺘﻧاﻞﺑﺎﻗًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣاﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧوصﺎﺧدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا .
ﻪﺑ،شورﻦﻳافﺪﻫ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪـﻳﺪﺟيﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ
يﺎـﻫ
ـﻫﺎﺑتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺖـﺳاﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛندﺮـﻛﻢﻫاﺮـﻓفﺪ .
زاﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣدرﻮـﻣرديرﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘﻂـﺳﻮﺗهﺪﺷﺬﺧاتﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ
هارﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑﻪﺑ،رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ
ﺎـﻳﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﻖﻳﺮﻃزارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻖﻳﺮﻃزا
ﻲﻣﺖﺳدﻪﺑتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗيﺎﻫ
درادﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ،دروآ
) 3 .(
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ
ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣﺖﻴﻌـﺿوﺎﺑهاﺮﻤﻫﻲﻤﻠﻋمواﺪﻣيﺎﻫ
رنارﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ،نﺎﻳﻮﺟدﺪــﻣ ﻲــﻣنآﺮــﺑا
ﻖــﻴﻔﻠﺗﺎــﺑﻪــﻛدراد
ترﺎﻬﻣ
ﻪـﻓﺮﺣﺶﻧادوﻲﻨﻓيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷسﺎـﺳاﺮﺑدﻮـﺧيا
ﻪﺘﺷرﺪﻨﭼهوﺮﮔﺐﻟﺎﻗردﻞﻤﻋﻦﻤﺿ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﺎﺑيا
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻲﺑﺎﻴـﺷزراواﺮـﺟا،ﻲﺣاﺮﻃﻪﺑ،نﺎﻳﻮﺟدﺪﻣتﻼﻜﺸﻣ
ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑتﻼﻜﺸﻣﻦﻳاﻞﺣياﺮﺑﻲﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ )
4 .(
ناﻮـﻨﻋﻪﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﺜﺤﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﻮﻴﺷ ﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣياﺮـﺑيا
سﺎـﺳاﺮﺑﻲﻧﺎـﻣردﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑيﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘﺎـﻣاﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷحﺮـﻄﻣﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ
يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧتوﺎﻔﺘﻣ
ﻪـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋردنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﻛﺪﻨﻫد
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻪﺟاﻮﻣﻞﻜﺸﻣﺎﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷ )
5 .(
Melnyk
يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧوهﺎﮔﺪﻳدﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺎﺑنارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
راﺰﮔﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋهرﺎﺑردنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪـﻛﺪﻧدادش
ﺪﻫاﻮــﺷسﺎــﺳاﺮﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑلﺎــﻤﻋاﺮــﮔاﺪــﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣنارﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ
ﺖـﻓﺎﻳﺪـﻫاﻮﺧﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ،دﻮﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ .
ﺎﻬﻨﺗﺎﻣا 46 %
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑاردﻮﺧﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑلﺎﻤﻋانارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘزا
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧادراﻮﺘﺳاﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ )
6 .(
Sackett
ارﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣنارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
ﻘﺤﺗﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﻦﻳﺮــﺘﻬﺑﻖــﻴﻔﻠﺗ» وﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗﺎــﺑﻲــﻘﻴ
شزرا رﺎﻤﻴﺑيﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﻧادﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣرد «
ﺪﻧا ) 7 .(
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗارزﺎـﻴﻧدرﻮـﻣﺪﻫاﻮﺷعﻮﻧ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻞﻜﺸﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣردﻪﻛدﻮﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺧﺪﻴﻔﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﻬﻨﺗﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻦﻳا .
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗونارﺎﻤﻴﺑزا يﺮﻴﮔ
ودﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﺮﺧآرد دﻮﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳزرامواﺪﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑﺪﻳﺎﺑد
) 8 .(
ﺢﻄـﺳوﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
ﻪـﺑنﺎـﺷ 7 ﻪﺘـﺳد
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻲﻣيﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ Melnyk) نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
) ( 6 (
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛوﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷعﻮﻧ
ﺢﻄﺳ روﺮﻣ 1
مﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآﺎﺘﻣﺎﻳﺪﻨﻣ وﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺎﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺎﻳ3
يﺎﻫ .ﺪﻧرادﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﻛﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﻚﻳﻞﻗاﺪﺣ 2
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻲﺣاﺮﻃﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﻚﻳ 3
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗعﻮﻧﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردنوﺪﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻲﺣاﺮﻃﺎﺑترﻮﻫﻮﻛﺎﻳويﺪﻫﺎﺷدرﻮﻣتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 4
ﺢﻄﺳ مﺎﻈﻧروﺮﻣ 5
ﻲﻔﻴﻛﺎﻳﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺪﻨﻣ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﺎﺘﻣ)
(
ﺳ ﺢﻄ ﻲﻔﻴﻛﺎﻳﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻚﻳ 6
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﺣﺎﺻداﺮﻓاهﺪﻳا 7
ﺮﻈﻧ
زاﺖﺴــﺗرﺎﺒﻋﺪﻫاﻮــﺷ :
ﻪــﺑهﺪــﺷﺐﺴــﻛتﺎــﻋﻼﻃا»
ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑلاﺆﺳﻚﻳياﺮﺑﻞﺣهارندﺮﻛاﺪﻴﭘرﻮﻈﻨﻣ
«
ﻲﻣﻚﻤﻛﺎﻣﻪﺑتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻦﻳا
ﻚـﻳياﺮـﺑﻪـﻛﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻢﻴﻳﺎﻤﻧاﺪﻴﭘﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﻞﺣهارهﺪﻣآﺶﻴﭘﻪﻛﻲﻟاﺆﺳوﻞﻜﺸﻣ .
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗزاﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
بﺎﺨﺘﻧاوﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﺺﺼﺨﺗ
ﺖﺳارﺎﻤﻴﺑ . ﻚﻴﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴــﻴﺳﺪــﻨﻳآﺮﻓﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﺮــﺑﻲــﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ
ﻪـﺑﺎـﺑ،نارﺎـﻤﻴﺑزاﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣدرﻮﻣرديﺮﻴﮔ
يﺮﻴﮔرﺎـﻛ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3 1392
٥١
وﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛﻲﺑﺎﻳزراﻞﻣﺎﺷوﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗدﻮﺟﻮﻣﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
ﺖــﻳﻮﻟوا،دﻮــﺟﻮﻣتﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗدﺮﺑرﺎــﻛﺖــﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ
،رﺎــﻤﻴﺑيﺎــﻫ
ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣوﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 9 .(
Gibbs
ﺖﻳﻮﻟواردارﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺰﻴﻧ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼـﺗﻖـﻳﺮﻃزارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣندادراﺮﻗ
ﺎـﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑيﺮـﻴﮔ
هدﺮﻛﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﻮﺟدﺪﻣزاﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣردﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺖﺳا ) 10 .(
ﻞـﻤﻋهﺪـﻤﻋﺢﻄـﺳودردﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣشزﻮﻣآ
ﻲﻣ ﺪـﻨﻛ .
تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗزادﻮـﺟﻮﻣﺪﻫاﻮـﺷزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳازاﺖﺴـﺨﻧ و
نآﻪـﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑاوتﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣوشروﺮﭘوشزﻮﻣآدرﻮﻣردتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﻪـﻛﻲﻳﺎﺟردﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣوﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣﺪﻫاﻮﺷتﺎﺒﺛاﺢﻄﺳﻦﻴﻣود
ﻲﻣﻒﻴﻌﺿﺎﻳوﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ،ﺰﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑلاﺆﺳدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
) 11 ( .
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋردﺪﻫاﻮﺷزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺖﻴﻤﻫا
رددﺎـﻳزﻢـﺠﺣﺎـﺑتﺎـﻋﻼﻃازاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ•
نﺎﻣزﻞﻗاﺪﺣ
ﺎﺠﻧا• ﺢﻴﺤﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃﻪﺑرﺎﻛندادم
•
شورﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑﺎﺑﺎﻫرﺎﻛمﺎﺠﻧا
دﻮﺟﻮﻣدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳايﺎﻫ
ﺪﻣآرﺎﻛو ﻲﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣرﻮﻣاﺖﺳردمﺎﺠﻧازانﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا• نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻂﺳﻮﺗﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛيﺎﻘﺗرا•
•
ﺢﻴﺤﺻوﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ
نﺎـﻣزﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻬﺑردﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗ
رﺎﻤﻴﺑياﺮﺑ •
ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺎﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘوﺖﻴﻌﺿودﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑيﺪﻨﻤﺘﻳﺎﺿرﺶﻳاﺰﻓا•
ﺎـﺑهاﺮـﻤﻫﻲﺘﻳﺎـﻤﺣﻲﻳﺎﻀـﻓردﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ•
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﻧﻼﻗﺎﻋيﺮﻴﮔ
دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋردﻲــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﺮــﺑهﮋــﻳوﺰــﻛﺮﻤﺗ• ﻦﻴﺗوروتادﺎﻋزاﺮﺗاﺮﻓيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣيﺎﻫ
) 9 (
ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘدﺮﺑرﺎﻛمﺪﻋﻞﻳﻻد ﺮﺑ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﻛ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻢﻳادارﺎﭘ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ يﻮﺳ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ار عوﺮـﺷ
،هدﺮـﻛ
ﺎﻣا ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ رد يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ زا ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا . ﻞﻜﺸـﻣ
ﻪﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ترﺎﻬﻣوﺶﻧاد هرﺎﺑرد
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﺎـﻳ
ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ
،ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ تﺄﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ زا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا
ﻪـﻛ نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫوMelnyk .(12) دراددﻮـﺟونآياﺮﺟا هاررد ﺎـﺑ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد و يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هرﺎـﺑرد ﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣدﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺮـﺑ لﺎـﻤﻋاﺮـﮔاﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﻛﺪﻧدادشراﺰﮔﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛدﻮﺷ ﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣ
ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا
ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ
،ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻣا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ 46 زا % نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ار
ﺮـﺑ ﻪﻛﺪﻧدﻮﺑﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣﺎﻫنآ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧادﻲﻣراﻮﺘﺳاﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻲﻠﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ
،ﺖﻗو مﺪﻋ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ
،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ مﺪﻋ
،ﻲﻟﺎـﻣﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
رﺎﻜﻓا
،ﻲﺘﻨﺳ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺶﻧاد و ﺰﻴﻧ مﺪﻋ ناﺮﻳﺪﻣﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و
،نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ
ﻊﻧﺎﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) 6 .( يﺮﮕﻳدﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻲﻃ
ﺶﻧادﺢﻄﺳﻲﺳرﺮﺑياﺮﺑﻪﻛ و
رﺎﻬﻣ ت نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻴﻟاﺮﺘﺳا هرﺎﺑرد
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا
،ﺪـﺷ ﺶﻴـﺑ زا ﻲـﻤﻴﻧ زا داﺮـﻓا
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ اردﻮﺧ رد ﻦﻳا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻢﻛ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هوﻼﻋ . ﺮـﺑ
،ﻦـﻳا
ﻊﻧﺎﻣﺞﻨﭘ هﺪﻤﻋ رد ﺮﻴﺴﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ دﻮﺑترﺎﺒﻋ
زا ،ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑترﺎـﻬﻣدﻮـﺒﻤﻛ،رﺎـﻤﻴﺑدﺎﻳزداﺪﻌﺗ،ﺖﻗودﻮﺒﻤﻛ مﺪـﻋ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻪﻛﻦﻳاسﺎﺴﺣاوتﻼﺠﻣ ﺑﻪﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻲﻓﺎـﻛ
رد ﻪﻄﺑار ﺎﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ دﻮﺟويا دراﺪﻧ ) 13 .(
رﺎـﻨﻛردﻪـﻛدﻮـﺑﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ،رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘداﺪﻌﺗندﻮﺑﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣياﺮﺑمزﻻﺖﺻﺮﻓرﺎﻛدﺎﻳزﻢﺠﺣ
ﻲﻣدوﺪﺤﻣار
،دﺮﻛ Bennett
، Melnyk ﺰﻴﻧنارﺎﻜﻤﻫو
هدادشراﺰﮔ
ﻗودﻮﺒﻤﻛﻪﻛﺪﻧا
ردرﺎـﻤﻴﺑداﺪﻌﺗندﻮﺑدﺎﻳزوﺖ
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷدﺮﺑرﺎـﻛياﺮـﺑنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺑاﺮﺑرددﻮﺟﻮﻣﻊﻧاﻮﻣسأر
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣردﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ )
و6 و8 13 .(
ﺎـﻳﺶـﻧادﻪﺑﻲﻬﺘﻨﻣيﺪﺟرﻮﻃﻪﺑﻲﺷزﻮﻣآتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘيرﻮﺌﺗ يا ) Fundamental (
ﻲﻤﻧشزﻮﻣآرد
وددﺮـﮔ
ﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺎﺑوﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧﻲﺷزﻮﻣآدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻲﻧاﺪﻨﭼطﺎﺒﺗرا
ﻲﻠﺒﻗتﺎ
ﻲﻤﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑمزﻻﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫزاﺰﻴﻧيﺪﻌﺑو ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺮـﺑهوﻼـﻋ
ردﻲﺸـﻫوﮋﭘﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟﺎﺑﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﻦﻴﺑيﺎﻫﺮﻈﻧفﻼﺘﺧا
ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣشزﻮﻣآﻪﺑهدراوﺮﮕﻳدتﺎﺿاﺮﺘﻋا،شروﺮﭘوشزﻮﻣآ
ﻢﺘﺴـﻴﺳوﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘﻂـﺳﻮﺗشورﻦﻳاﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ .
ﻪـﻛيرﻮﻃﻪﺑ
Hargreaves
ﻲـﻣﺎـﻋداﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟزا
ﺖـﺳاﻦـﻜﻤﻣﻪـﭼﺮﮔﻪـﻛﺪـﻨﻛ
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣشزﻮـﻣآزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻦﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ
ﻪﻧادﺎﻘﻧﺪﻳدﺎﺑوﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑتﺮﻴﺼﺑﺎﺑارﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑتﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻊـﻔﺗﺮﻣيا
ﺎـﺑشروﺮـﭘوشزﻮﻣآﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣندﻮﺑتوﺎﻔﺘﻣﺎﻣاﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ
اﺪـﻧدﻮـﺟوشزﻮـﻣآردشورﻦﻳازاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳانﺎﻜﻣانﺎﻣرد در
.
ﻲﻣرﺎﻬﻇاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓﻪـﻛﻦـﻳاﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﺪﻧراد
،ﺎـﻫ
هﺪـﻴﭽﻴﭘشزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘوﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ﻚـﻳيارادوهدﻮـﺑﺮـﺗ
ﻲﻣصﺎﺧﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻲﻤﻧﺪﺷﺎﺑ
وﺮـﺒﺘﻌﻣﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﻪـﺑناﻮﺗ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺖﺳدﻲﻨﻘﺘﻣ .
ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗهوﻼﻋﻪﺑ
ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣيﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻲــﻧاﺮﮕﻧزاﻲــﻜﻳﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﺮــﺑﻲــﻨﺘﺒﻣ ــﺳانآهﺪــﻤﻋيﺎــﻫ
ﺖ .
هزاﺪﻧاﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻲـﻧاﺮﮕﻧيﺎـﺟﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘردﺰـﻴﻧﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘيﺮﻴﮔ
دراد .
ﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺺﺨﺸـﻣوﻦـﺷورًﻼﻣﺎـﻛيﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺎﻴﭘزاﻲﻜﻳ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3 1392
٥٢
ﺖﺳاﻲﮔﺪﻧزﺎﻳگﺮﻣﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ .
ﺮـﮕﻳديﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺎﻴﭘﺮﻳﺎﺳًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ
ﺎـﻳﺖﻣﻼـﺳﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴـﻧداﺮﻓاﻲﻨﻫذﺎﻳﻲﻨﻴﻋدﺎﻌﺑاﻪﺑﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣز،يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
هﺪـﺷﻊﻗاونآرديرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺎﻳﺖﻣﻼﺳﻪﻛيا ﺎـﻳ،
درادداﺮﻓاﺖﻣﻼﺳﺖﻴﻌﺿوردلﻼﺘﺧاﺎﻳوﻆﻔﺣيﺎﻘﺗرا )
14 .(
شزﻮـﻣآﻪـﺑﻲﺗﻻﺎﻜـﺷاﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻲﻣدراوﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ
وﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘﻪـﻛﺖـﺳاﻦـﻳاﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
شوروﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃمﻮـﻠﻋسﺎـﺳاﺮﺑﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ
ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
شروﺮـﭘوشزﻮـﻣآﻪـﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣردﺖﺳاراﻮﺘﺳانآﻪﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ
ﻮﻠﻋردﻪﺸﻳرﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ شﺮﮕﻧوﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟام
ﻪـﺑنآيﺎـﻫ
وهدﻮـﺑﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟامﻮـﻠﻋزاﺮﺛﺄـﺘﻣﺰـﻴﻧﻲﺑﺎﻴـﺷزراوﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫاراداريﺮـﺘﻤﻛيراﺪﻳﺎﭘ .
زاﻪـﻛﻲﺗﺎـﻋﻼﻃاهﺎـﮕﻳﺎﭘ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗﺮـﺘﻤﻛ،ﺪـﻨﻛﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣﻲﺷزﻮﻣآتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
وﺪـﻧا
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑهﺪﺷﺶﻳﺎﭘتﺎﻋﻼﻃايوﺎﺣ
ﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴـﻧيﺮﺗ
وﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 15 .(
تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗزاﻪـﻛﻲﺗﺎـﻋﻼﻃاهﺎـﮕﻳﺎﭘﺮـﮕﻳديﻮﺳزا
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗﺮـﺘﻤﻛ،ﺪـﻨﻛﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ
يوﺎـﺣوﺪـﻧا
ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎـﺑهﺪـﺷﺶﻳﺎـﭘتﺎﻋﻼﻃا
ﻪـﺑﺖﺒﺴـﻧيﺮـﺗ
ﻲﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘوﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
) 16 .(
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣرد
يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﻓﺮﺣﻪﻛﺪﻨﻫد
ﺣ
ﺶﻴـﭘردارﻲـﻤﻠﻋﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣيﻮﺳﻪﺑﺖﻛﺮ
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ،ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
،ﻞـﻤﻋويرﻮﺌﺗﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻪﻛﺪﻫد
ﺖﺳاهدﺮﻛناﺮﺤﺑرﺎﭼدناﺮﻳارداريرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ )
17 .(
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧ ﺪـﺳر ﻪـﻛ ﻢـﻛ ﻲﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻪـﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ و يﺎﻜﺗا هﺪﻤﻋ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﻪﺑ رد نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ
ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ دراد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻛيا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ
ﻚـﻳنآزا %96ﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻟاﺮﺘﺳانﺎﻣردرﺎﻛهوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ دﻮـﺧﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑبرﺎﺠﺗﺮﺑًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔهﺎﻣود ﻲﻃرد ياﺮـﺑ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺎﻜﺗا هدﺮﻛ و ﻪﺑ ترﺪﻧ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻲـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
هدﻮﻤﻧهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ
نآ . ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ شراﺰـﮔ
ﺪـﻧداد
ﻪـﻛ نارودردهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآيﺮﻈﻧﺶﻧاد ﺑﻪﺎﻜﺗاناﺰﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻖﺑاﻮﺳ يرﺎﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛداﺮﻓا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ) 18 .(
طﺎـﺒﺗراوﻞـﻣﺎﻌﺗﻞـﺻﺎﺣﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮـﺑﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ
رﺎـﻛﻂﻴـﺤﻣورﺎـﻤﻴﺑ،رﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘﻪـﺑطﻮـﺑﺮﻣيﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ
نﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ) ( ،ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ،ﺶــﻧادﻪــﺑنآﻖــﻘﺤﺗناﺰــﻴﻣوﺖــﺳا
ﻪﻓﺮﺣيروﺎﺑدﻮﺧ
ياﺮﺑرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺖﺻﺮﻓويا
زﺎﻴﻧﻊﻓروﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ
مﺎﻈﻧ،رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘداﺪﻌﺗﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣرﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣﻂﻳاﺮﺷوﻮﺳﻚﻳزارﺎﻤﻴﺑ
زارﺎـﻈﺘﻧاناﺰـﻴﻣوعﻮـﻧوﻲﻤﻴﺗﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫترﺎﻈﻧوﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
درادﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ .
وﻪـﺑﺮﺠﺗ،ﺶﻧادزانارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﮔاﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣيروﺎﺑدﻮﺧ
وطﺎـﺒﺗرايراﺮـﻗﺮﺑياﺮـﺑمزﻻﺖﺻﺮﻓويا
ﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣيﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ
وهدﻮـﺑرادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑدﻮـﺧنﺎﻳﻮﺟدﺪـﻣﻲ
نآرﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣوﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻪـﻳارارﺎـﻈﺘﻧاحﻮﺿوﻪﺑﺰﻴﻧﺎﻫ
كراﺪـﺗﻖـﻳﺮﻃزاوﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧءﺎـﻘﻟاارﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ
ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣمزﻻيﺎﻫ وﻲﻓﺎـﻛﻲﻧﺎﺴـﻧايوﺮـﻴﻧيزﺎﺳ
شورواﻮﺘﺤﻣحﻼﺻاﺰﻴﻧو،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ويرﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآيﺎﻫ
ﻫﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﺎﺑﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷﻪـﺑﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘـﺳدﺖـﺻﺮﻓ،ﻲﻤﻴﺗﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤ
ﺰﻴﻧﻲﻓﺮﻃزاودروآﻢﻫاﺮﻓنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘياﺮﺑارنآدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻲﻤﻠﻋ
ﻪـﻳاراياﺮـﺑنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘهﺰﻴﮕﻧا،قﻮﺸﻣوﺮﺛﺆﻣترﺎﻈﻧﻖﻳﺮﻃزا
ﻪﺑدﻮﺧنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ،ﺪﻨﻛﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗارﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ
دﻮـﺧ
ﻲـﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣيﺎـﻫزﺎﻴﻧﺎﺑ،هدﻮﻤﻧراﺮﻗﺮﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺎﺑيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑطﺎﺒﺗرا وا
ﻪﺑﺎﺑوهﺪﺷﺎﻨﺷآ
ﻪـﻓﺮﺣﺶﻧاديﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ
ارﻲـﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ،دﻮـﺧيا
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺮﺑﻪﻛدادﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧﻪﻳارا ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋيﺎﻫ
.
وﻲﻤﻠﻋﺪﻫاﻮﺷسﺎﺳاﺮﺑاردﻮﺧلﺎﻤﻋاﻪﻛﻲﻧارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘكراﺪﻣ
ﻲﻣ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛيﺰﻳر
،ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻬﺑﻲﺸـﺨﺑﺮﺛاورﺎـﻤﻴﺑياﺮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫويﺮﺘﺴﺑتﺪﻣ ﺮـﺘ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاداريرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ .
زانارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳاﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣﺮﻈﻧ
ﺲـﻔﻧﻪـﺑدﺎـﻤﺘﻋاوهدﻮـﺑﻮﺟدﺪﻣيﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘيا
ﻪﻓﺮﺣﺖﻳﻮﻫوﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﺴﻣيا
ﺖﺷادﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧيﺮﺗ .
ﺎﺗﺪﻧرادﻪﻔﻴﻇويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘوﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳناﺮﻳﺪﻣ
كراﺪـﺗورﺎـﻛﻢﺠﺣﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ،ﻲﻓﺎﻛﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧايوﺮﻴﻧﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺖﺻﺮﻓ
يﺎﻔﻳاوﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣﻪﻳارانﺎﻜﻣا
ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻓﺮﺣﻞﻴﺻايﺎﻫ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘياﺮﺑاريا
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳاﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻪـﺑناﺮﻳﺪـﻣﻪـﺟﻮﺗتروﺮـﺿﺎـﻫ
دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪـﺑندادشزرا،بﻮـﻠﻄﻣيرﺎﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣﻚﻳدﺎﺠﻳا
ﻲــﻤﻠﻋ ﺖــﻳﻮﻘﺗوﻲﻘﻳﻮﺸــﺗيﺎــﻫرﺎﻜﻫارذﺎــﺨﺗاﻖــﻳﺮﻃزا
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻴﻳﺄﺗدرﻮﻣارﺖﺒﺜﻣترﺎﻈﻧيﺎﻫ ﻲﻣراﺮﻗﺪ
ﺪﻫد .
تﻻﺎﻘﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑوهدﻮﺑيروﺮﻣعﻮﻧزاﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳا•
وﻦﻳوﺪــﺗﺪﻫاﻮــﺷﺮــﺑﻲــﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘــﺳﺮﭘﻪــﻄﻴﺣرددﻮــﺟﻮﻣ
ﻚـﻧﺎﺑردﻮﺠﺘﺴـﺟﻖـﻳﺮﻃزاهﺪـﺷهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاتﻻﺎـﻘﻣ يﺎــﻫ
هﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاتﻼﺠﻣوﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﻧا
.
ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜﺸﺗ
ﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺆ
ﻲﻧادرﺪـﻗوﺮﻜﺸﺗﺐﺗاﺮﻣلو زااردﻮـﺧ
اراﺎﺑﻪﻛمﺮﺘﺤﻣنارواد ﺮﻫردﻲﺣﻼﺻاتاﺮﻈﻧﻪﻳ
ﺮﺗرﺎﺑﺮﭘﻪﭼ
ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧيرﺎﻳﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣنﺪﺷ ﻲﻣزاﺮﺑا،
دراد .
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3 1392
٥٣
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1 - Jennings B, Evidence W. Based practice: the road best traveled? Research in Nursing and Health.
2000; 23(5): 343-345.
2 - Jennings BW. Misconception among nurses about evidence-based practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2001; 33(2): 121-127.
3 - Ervin NE. Evidence-based nursing practice: are we there yet? Journal of the New York state nurses association. 2002; 33(2): 11-16.
4 - Adib-hajbagheri M. Factors Influencing Evidence-Based Nursing: A Qualitative Study. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2006; 47(19): 13-17.
5 - Spector N. Evidence-based nursing in nursing regulation [Online]. 2005. [cited 2006 Sep 25].
Available from:URL: http://www.ncsbn.org/
6 - Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt E, Fischbeck Feinstein N, Li H, Small L, Wilcox L, Kraus R.
Nurses' perceived knowledge, beliefs, skills, and needs regarding evidence-based practice: implications for accelerating the paradigm shift. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2004; 1(3): 185-93.
7 - Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Evidence-based medicine. How to practice and teach EBM. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 2000. P. 1.
8 - Ackley BJ, Swan BA, Ladwing G, Tucker SJ. Evidence-based nursing care guidelines: Medical- surgical interventions. St. Louis: Mosby; 2008. P. 3-8.
9 - Rostas A. Barriers to using research evidence in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing.
2000; 31: 599-606.
10 - Adib-hajbagheri M. Nurses Perception about the Evidence-Based Nursing: A Qualitative Study.
Feiz Quarterly. 2006; 11(2): 44-52.
11 - Sackett D, Rosenberg W. Evidence-based Medicine. http://cebm.jrz.ox.ac.uk
12 - Balas EA, Boren SA. Managing clinical knowledge for healthcare improvements. Yearbook of medical informatics. Stuttgart: Germany Schattauer Publishers; 2000. P. 46-70.
13 - McCluskey A. Occupational therapists report a low level of knowledge, skill and involvement in evidence-based practice. Aust Occupational Ther J. 2003; 50(1): 3-7.
14 - Hargreaves DH. In defense of research for evidence-based teaching. British Educational Research Journal. 1997; 23(4): 405-419.
15 - Smith GD, Ebrahim S, Frankel S. How policy informs the evidence. BMJ. 2001; 22(7280): 184- 186.
16 - Morrison JM. Evidence based education: Development of an instrument to critically appraise reports of education intervention. Med Educ. 2001; 33: 890-893.
17 - Adib Hagbaghery M. A qualitative study of Iranian nurses' understanding and experiences of Evidence based nursing. IJN Feyz. 2004; 11(2): 44-52.
18 - Bennett S. Perceptions of evidence-based practice: A survey of Australian occupational therapists.
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2003; 50: 13-21.
ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘشزﻮﻣآ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻧلﻮﺘﺑ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ2 رﺎﻬﺑ3 1392
٥٤
The evidence-based nursing education
Nehrir1 B (MSc.) - Rejeh2 N (Ph.D) - Ebadi3 A (Ph.D).
The application of evidence in clinical practice can lead to the improvement of quality of health care. Evidence-based nursing has been introduced as a method for the provision of health care services using the latest findings. In this process, nurses can use the available research evidence, clinical expertise and patient's function to adopt appropriate clinical decisions. It is shown that nurses face problems such as the identification of appropriate resources, and evaluation of evidence for the optimum search methods during the application of evidence-based practice . The aim of this review study is to identify elements influencing evidence-based nursing.
Key words: Evidence-based nursing, nursing education, evidence-based learning, evidence and professional judgment, evidence-based learning steps
Received: 23 February 2013 Accepted: 14 May 2013
1 - Corresponding author: Ph.D Candidate, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Baqyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
e-mail: [email protected]
2 - Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Baqyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
