The Effect of Proactive Personality on Job thriving and Creative Behaviors of Physical Education Teachers in Golestan Province

(1)

The Effect of Proactive Personality on Job thriving and Creative Behaviors of Physical Education Teachers in Golestan Province

Hamidreza Ghezelsefloo¹^ , Mohammadmahdi Yazarloo² , Nasser Bay³

1. Department of Humanities and Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

2. Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr Branch, Azadshahr, Iran.

3. Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr Branch, Azadshahr, Iran.

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

4 December 2021 Received in revised form:

6 February 2022 Accepted:

12 March 2022 Published online:

28 April 2022

Keywords:

Creative Behaviors, Job Advancement, Job Efficiency, Job Engagement Proactivity Personality.

Introduction: The purpose of current research was investigation to the effect of proactive personality on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers in Golestan province.

Methods: The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population included all physical education teachers in Golestan province (675) from whom 246 people were selected as the statistical sample according to the stratified sampling. Data collection tools were three standard questionnaires:

Bharati et al.'s (2018) Proactive Personality, Imran et al.'s (2020) Job thriving questionnaire and Akgunduz et al.'s (2018) Creative Behaviors questionnaire. All these questionnaires have 10, 10 and 5 items respectively. After ensuring the internal reliability of the research instrument by Cronbach's alpha method and the optimal good of fit of the research model, the data were analyzed using Smart PLS software.

Results: The results showed that proactivity personality had positive and significant effect on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers. Also, the effect of proactivity personality on the creative behaviors of physical education teachers with the mediating role of job thriving was positive and significant.

Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to increase productivity and improve the quality of education by attracting and training teachers with proactivity traits, while strengthening creative behaviors and laying the groundwork for teachers' career success.

Cite this article: Ghezelsefloo, HR., Yazarloo, MM, & Bay, N. (2023). The effect of proactive personality on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers in Golestan province. Management Journal, 15 (1), 331-346.

DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2022.335003.2862.

Journal of Sport Management by University of Tehran Press is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0

| web site: https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/ | Email: [email protected].

(2)

ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

The survey of factors affecting job thriving in successful organizations indicates that incidence of responsible behaviors that ultimately determine job success depends on characteristics such as job attachment, willingness to use knowledge and expertise by employees, increasing work relationships, and organizational commitment. According to organizational behavior experts, the dynamic behavior of employees is like a lever that leads to career progress and success by creating a special and stable competitive advantage. So, the purpose of this reseach was to investigate the effect of proactive personality on job thriving and creative behaviors of physical education teachers in Golestan province.

Methods

The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all formal and full-time physical education teachers of public schools in Golestan province (675 people) in 2021. According to the minimum number of statistical samples required for each variable in structural equation type research (10≥n≥5), 246 P.E teachers were selected according to stratified random sampling method l) was selected as the statistical sample of the research. Data collection tools were three standard questionnaires: Bharati et al.'s (2018) Proactive Personality, Imran et al.'s (2020) Job thriving questionnaire and Akgunduz et al.'s (2018) Creative Behaviors questionnaire that these questionnaires have 10, 10 and 5 items respectively. In order to ensure the form and content validity of the research tool, the questionnaires were reviewed by 10 sports management professors, and after applying the suggestions of the expert group, the reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed for a preliminary study using Cronbach's alpha test. After ensuring the internal reliability of the research instrument by Cronbach's alpha method and the optimal good of fit of the research model, the data were analyzed using Smart PLS software.

Results

Based on three indicators of Locker and Fornell (1987), the investigation of convergent validity and divergent validity of the research model showed that the research model has a good fit. The results of the factor analysis of the constructs confirmed that the construct of dynamic personality has a significant effect on the occupational success of physical

education teachers (LF=0.82). The structure of job success also had a significant and direct effect on the creative behaviors of physical education teachers (P≥0.05). Two items "I always try to be dynamic and active in my work environment (LF=0.82) and "I try to help my growth and development by learning new things. (LF=0.77) had the greatest effect on teachers' creative behaviors variable. Path analysis of the influence of dynamic personality on creative behaviors also showed the factor coefficient (β=0.501) on the structure of creative behaviors. In this item variable, I always try to provide opinions to make constructive and useful changes had the highest path coefficient (LF=0.801).

Conclusion

Job success is a progressive flow of a positive psychological state that causes employees to be fully focused on the activity they are doing, to constantly seek new experiences, and in this way to display their initiatives and creative behaviors. Therefore, employees who have such a personality, by identifying opportunities and with effort and perseverance, are involved in managing their career path and self- actualization processes. Therefore, access to resources and information, choosing a creative organizational structure, job enrichment and periodic evaluation of teachers' performance as factors affecting the success of physical education teachers in the education process should be considered by the Ministry of Education and administrators.

Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines:

Funding:

The research was done without using financial resources

Authors’ contribution:

The authors have contributed equally

Conflict of interest:

The authors have no conflicts of interest Acknowledgments:

This research was done with the cooperation of research participants.

(3)

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ

ﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

و يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ

ﻮﻠﻔﺴﻟﺰﻗ ﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ

1

، 

ﻮﻟرزﺎﯾ يﺪﻬﻣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،2

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ي

3

1 هوﺮﮔ . مﻮﻠﻋ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ة مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ ﺷزرو

،ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد سووﺎﮐﺪﺒﻨﮔ ،سووﺎﮐﺪﺒﻨﮔ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،

[email protected]

2.

هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ،

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار ،ناﺮﯾا ،ﺮﻬﺷدازآ ،ﺮﻬﺷدازآ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد [email protected]

3.

هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ﺮﻬﺷدازآ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ﺮﻬﺷدازآ ،ﺮﻬﺷدازآ [email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 13 /9 / 1400

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 17 / 11 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ :

21 / 12 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 8/

2/

1402

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

،

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺮﯿﮔرد

، يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ

،

ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ

،

ﺪﻣارﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ي . ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

: ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا فﺪﻫ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ و يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﮥ ﻠﻌﻣ نﺎﻤ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳا

.دﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ :ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور .دﻮﺑ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ و ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ عﻮﻧ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ آ يرﺎﻣ رد ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﺮﺑ ة

ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ) دﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ 675

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ( 246 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ يﺮﯿﮔ

يا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ آ يرﺎﻣ

هداد يروآدﺮﮔ راﺰﺑا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺳ ﺎﻫ

ﮥ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺑ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺗارﺎ

2018 ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ،(

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ناﺮﻤﯾا 2020

و ( ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﮥ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و زوﺪﻧﺎﮕﮐآ 2018

ﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ( ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ياراد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ 10

،

10 و 5 ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا زا ﺲﭘ . ﺗ راﺰﺑا ﯽﻧورد

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ يﺎﻔﻟآ شور ﻪﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤ شزاﺮﺑ و

ﻣ ﻮﮕﻟا بﻮﻠﻄ ي

هداد ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا ﯽﭘ ترﺎﻤﺳا لا

سا ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ : ﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤ ﺼﺨﺷ

ﺖﯿ ﻮﭘ ﺎﯾ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺮﺛا ﺎﻨﻌﻣ

ﺮﺑ راد ﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽ و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دراد

ﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﯿ ﻮﭘ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﯽﻧ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ

ﻣ ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿ ﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯿ ﻠﻐﺷ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ .دﻮﺑ راد

ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي : ﻦﯾازا ور ﯽﻣ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ شزﻮﻣآ و بﺬﺟ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ناﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر

ﺧ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ يزﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ و ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و يرو

ﺮﮐ د.

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : ،ﻮﻠﻔﺴﻟﺰﻗ ﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ

؛

،ﻮﻟرزﺎﯾ يﺪﻬﻣﺪﻤﺤﻣ و ؛ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ،يﺎﺑ ) 1402 .(

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ و يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﮥ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا

نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ .

ﺮﺸﻧ ﺪﻣ ﯾﮥ ﺖﯾﺮﯾ زرو ﺷ ﯽ ،) 1 ( 15 ، 6 34 - 331 . 5003.2862 2022.33

JSM.

/ 10.22059 http//doi.org/

DOI:

اﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺸﻧ ﯾﻪ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ار ﯾ نﺎﮕ ﮑﻟﺎﻣ ﻖﺣ و ﺖﺳا ﯿ

ﺖ ﺮﮑﻓ ي ﻻ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯾ

ﺲﻨﺴ ﺮﮐ ﯾﺘ ﯿﻮ ) ﺰﻨﻣﺎﮐ CC BY-NC 4.0 ﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ (

ﯾ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ

ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ راﺬﮔاو .

:ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ سردآ| /

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir :ﻞﯿﻤﯾا |

. [email protected]

ﺮﺷﺎﻧ : تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نا . نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

(4)

334

رﺎﻬﺑ ،لوا ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدﺰﻧﺎﭘ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ 1402

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻧاروآﻮﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ شروﺮﭘ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ زﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ و ﺎﻘﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ود

رد ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﻫد

ﮥ ﺮﯿﺧا ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ راﺮﻗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﺖﺳا ) ﮓﻨﯿﻧ و ﺞﻨﮑﯿﻟآ

1، 2020 ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ .(

زا ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

ناور رد ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ

ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻒﯾﺎﻇو مﺎﺠﻧا رد ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺶﻧاد

ﯽﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ار ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و يدﺮﻓ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يژﺮﻧا زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ و ﻪﻟﻮﺤﻣ ) دﻮﺷ

ﺎﺳﺎﻣ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2017 ﻪﮐ ( نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ناﺰﯿﻣ

ﭘ و ﺪﺷر ﯿ ﺖﻓﺮﺸ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺴﻣ رد ﯿﺮ ﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ دﻮﺧ هدﻮﺑ و ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷر و رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ي ﺤﻣ رد

ﻂﯿ رﺎﮐ دﻮﺧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻣ ) ﺪﻨﮐ

،يدﺎﺒﻋ و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا

2019 .(

ﻘﺣ رد ﯿ ﺖﻘ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ و يزﺎﺳﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺮﯿﮔرد ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﯽﻧاور و يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻫد اﺮﻓا ﺪﺷر و رد د

ﻨﯿﻣز ﮥ ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﯽﻠﻐﺷ زﺎﺳ

) د قورﺎﻓ

2020 ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .(

ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر زوﺮﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

رد ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧاﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﯽﻣ ﻢﻗر ار ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ

ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧز

ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ رد ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟد ﻪﺑ

ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي و يرﺎﮐ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ يﻮﺳ زا ﺺﺼﺨﺗ و ﺶﻧاد ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ

ﯽ

ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ دراد )

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻔﻄﺼﻣ 2020

.(

ﯽﮔﺪﻧزﺮﺳ سﺎﺴﺣا و يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﻪﺑ قﺎﯿﺘﺷا ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ود ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ زا ﯽﺳﺎﮑﻌﻧا ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﺻا

ﻈﻨﺗدﻮﺧ ﯿﻤ ﯽ ناور تﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا دﺎﺠﯾا ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﺪﺷر زا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

يدﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و يﺮﯿﮔ

) دﺮﮐ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﮏﻤﮐ ارﺎﮐ و ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

،ﯽﻧﺎﻨﺟ و ﯽﻏاﺮﻓ 2018

.(

ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ صﻮﺼﺧ رد

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو ﻦﯾا ﺪﯾﺆﻣ قﻼﺧ و ارﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﻄﺑار ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ و ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﯾﻮﺳود يا )

،يﺮﻈﻧ

2021 ﯽﮔﮋﯾو .(

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا زا يا

- ﮐ دراد هرﺎﺷا داﺮﻓا يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪ

ﺖﻨﺳ ﻨﮑﺷ ﯽ ياﺮﺟا رد ﯽﺘﻨﺳ

مﺎﮔ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يدﺎﻋ تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺮﺟ زا ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ ،ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﺮﺑ

ﯽﻣ اد ﺪﻧر و ﻪﺑ دﺎﺠﯾا لﺎﺒﻧد ارﺎﮐ

ﯽﯾ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ تﺎﻣاﺰﻟا يزﺎﺳ

ا ) ﺪﻧ ﮓﻧاز و4

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ

، 2021 تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﻓر نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﻪﺑ .(

اﯾ هﺪﺷدﺎﺠ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ رد ﻪﺋارا

هﺪﺷ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ،ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣﺮﻫا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ5

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا

و هﮋﯾو ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ﺖﯾﺰﻣ

،راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻋ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر رازﺎﺑ رد وﺮﺸﯿﭘ و هﺪﻧﺮﺒﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﻣﺎ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﮐ ﺪﻨ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ) دﻮﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ار ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ و

،ﮓﯿﻨﯿﻧ و جﺎﮑﯿﻟآ 2020

؛

كرﺎﭘ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و6

2017 ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ .(

،ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و رﺎﮑﺘﺑا ﻞﻤﻋ ياﺮﺑ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺑ

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ و ﺪﻫد

ﯽﻣ داﺮﻓا ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺻﺮﻓ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﺑرﻮﺗ و7

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ

، 2017 .(

ﻘﺣ رد ﯿ ﺖﻘ

هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر يا

راد ﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ ا يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و يراﺬﮔﺮﺛا ناﻮﺗ ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ

يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،يرﺎﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ شزﻮﻣآ و ﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣ و لﺎﯿﺳ ﯽ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻧﺮﯾﺬﭘ

ﺮﮑﻟاﻮﻠﺑ و8

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2018

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد هﺪﻨﯾاﺰﻓ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻨﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻐﺷ رد بﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻧﺮﺗﺪﻬﻌﺘﻣ دﻮﺧ

فاﺪﻫا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻟﺎﭼ

ﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ﯿﺰ ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ، ﯽﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ ) ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا زﯾ ﻦ دﺎﺑآ ي

، 2019 و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا ؛

زﯾ ﻦ دﺎﺑآ ي ، 2020 .(

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يرﺎﮐ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ سراﺪﻣ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

زا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ

ﻒﻗاو دﻮﺧ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ يﻮﺳ ؛ﺪﻧا

ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺢﯿﺤﺼﺗ و يرﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ﻪﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ردﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

1. likag & Ning

2. Massah

3. Farooq

4. Zhang

5. Proactive Behaviors

6. Park

7. Turban

8. Belwalkar

(5)

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ و يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا

نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ 335

ﺖﺳد ﺎﮐرﺪﻧا ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻦﯾا ن لﺪﺒﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ ه ) ﺖﺳا

ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد .(

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و حﺎﺴﻣ 2017

قﺎﯿﺘﺷا ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد (

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ سﺎﺴﺣا و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ يرﺎﮐ ا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺨﯿﮕﻧاﺮﺑ سﺎﺴﺣ

ﯽﻧﺎﺠﯿﻫ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻃاﻮﻋ و ﺪﻧا

،ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ،رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﯽﻧاور ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟد ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﺗ ﺶﻧاد

و نازﻮﻣآ

ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فاﺪﻫا ﻖﻘﺤﺗ و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ زﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺶﻧاد ﻧزﺎﺳ

ﺪ و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا . زﯾ

ﻦ دﺎﺑآ ي ) 2021 ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد (

ﺎﺑ ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﮐﺄﺗ

ﯿﺪ سراﺪﻣ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ زﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ تروﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ نﺎﯿﺑ ،

دﺮﮐ ﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد

ﺣﯿ ﻦ ﻣﺎﮐ ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ ترﺪﻗ سﺎﺴﺣا هدﺮﮐ

ﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ و ﯽﯾ

ﻧاور دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ زا ﯽ

ﺎﻓﻮﮑﺷدﻮﺧ) ﯽﯾ

( و و طﺎﺸﻧ و رﻮﺷ سﺎﺴﺣا ﯾ

ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ﺎﺑ ار رد ﻢﻫ

ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻤﻟاﺪﺒﻋ دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﻪﺑ ﺤ

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤ 2021

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺣ

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻧزﻮﻣآ و هﺪﻨﻧاﺰﯿﮕﻧا ﯽﺘﻟﺎ

و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺣ

ﺗ و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﺮﺗراﺪﯾﺎﭘ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮ ﺤ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ار ﯽﻠﯿﺼ ﻣ

ﯽ ﻮﺷ د ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻧﺎﺒﯿﺷ . 2020

(

دﺎﻌﺑا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ

يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ) رﺎﮐ (ﯽﮔﺪﻧزﺮﺳ و

ﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ رد يرﻮﺤ لﺎﻌﻓ

زﺎﺳ ي ﯽﻠﻐﺷ قﺎﯿﺘﺷا نآ دﺎﻌﺑا و

ﻒﻗو ،رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺷاد قﻮﺷ)

(رﺎﮐ رد نﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ و رﺎﮐ رد نﺪﺷ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و

ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧراد نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ رد ﻪﺸﯾر ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ تروﺮﺿ ﺎﻣا

ﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﮥ ؛دراد نآ ﺪﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ

رﺎﮐاﺪﻓ ﺲﺣ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ) نﺪﺷ بوﺬﺠﻣ و ي

و يﺮﺒﻫر ترﺪﻗ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ،(

رد ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻨﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا ،ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻖﻠﺧ

ﻮﺧو ي ﻢﯿﺗ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا يرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻤﯿﻤﺻ يرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﮥﻧﺪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

،ﺎﻫ ﮏﯾ دﺮﺒﻫار دﺮﺑ - نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ار دﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ

ﮐ ) ﺪﻨ ﯽﻟ

2021 .(

ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻣﺎﮐ

ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺲﺣ و ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

ﻗﺮﺗ ﯽ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺲﮑﻌﻨﻣ ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ا ﺮﺑ . ﯾ ﻦ ،سﺎﺳا ﻣﺎﮐ ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻘﻣ ﯿ سﺎ ﻤﻬﻣ ﯽ ،رﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و

ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ

ي ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ رﺎﮐ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ دراﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ بﺎﺗزﺎﺑ زا

ﺎﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ تروﺮﺿ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣ

ﺖﺳا

) و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا زﯾ

ﻦ دﺎﺑآ ي

، 2021 رد .(

ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﮓﻧاژ ، ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2021 و تﺎﻋﻼﻃا لدﺎﺒﺗ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ( ﻟدﺎﺒﻣ

ﮥ

ﺮﺒﻫر - ﯽﮔﮋﯾو زا ﻮﻀﻋ زرﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺖﺳ

و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺮﺛا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ

دراد نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ ﺮﺑ راد .

ﻮﯿﻟ

3

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2020

رﺎﻬﻇا ( دﺮﮐ ﺪﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ياراد ﻪﮐ

، ﻖﯿﺒﻄﺗ ترﺪﻗ ترﺎﻬﻣ زا ،ﺪﻧراد ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ

ﻟﺮﺘﻨﮐدﻮﺧ ﯽ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ

رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﻧ سﺮﺘﺳا و يﺎﻫ دﻮﺧ يرﺎﮐ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ار

ﻪﺑ ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ ﯽﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

، ار دﻮﺧ ﻞﻐﺷ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ

ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا دﺮﮐ ه و ﺎﺑ

ﺪﻗا مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻠﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ يرﺎﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ تﺎﻣا ﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫد

ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﺋارا ار دﻮﺧ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬ ارﻮﺘﻟا دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﻪﺑ .

و4

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2020

( ﻪﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد دﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ة نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نورد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫ

ﺐﺴﮐ رﺎﮐو ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻦﺘﺷاد ،ﺎﻬﻧآ

ﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮ ﺮﻣا ﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ي .

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻖﯿﻓﻮﺗ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻦﯿﻨﭼ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا رد ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ياراد نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ

ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺻﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ زا ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺋارا

ﮥ هﺪﯾا ﺪﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﮐ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ و دﻮﺧ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو مﺎﺠﻧا ﻨﻨﮐ

ﺪ ) ﯽﻟ و5

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2020

؛

،ﮓﻧاز و ﯽﻟ 2021

آ ﺖﺳا ﺢﺿاو ﺎﻣا .(

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ و شزﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﯽﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﻣﺎﺿ

ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻧﯿ

ﺖﺴ يروآﻮﻧ و قﻼﺧ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﯿﻧ زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ و ﺖﺳا

هﮋﯾو ﺖﯾﺰﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ زا ﻪﮐ يا

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ .

ﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﮑ ﻪ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ روﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ ﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد يﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪ

ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻋدا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳ ﻪﺼﯿﺼﺧ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ةﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ يروآﻮﻧ و ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

) نﺎﻫ

2016 ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد .(

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﯽﻟ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )

2021 (

رد ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ

ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ هﺪﯾا دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد قﻼﺧ يﺎﻫ ﻓ

ﻢﻫاﺮ دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ؟ دﺮﮐ ﺪﻧ شﻼﺗ ﻪﮐ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ بﺬﺟ رد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ

ﻂﺑاور يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

ﺪﻨﻣرﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ -

هﺪﯾا زا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ هوﻼﻋ

ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ دزﺎﺳ . ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور هﺪﯾا رﺎﮐ يزادﺮﭘ يﻮﺳ زا و ﻮﺳ ﮏﯾ زا نﺎﻨﮐ

هﺪﯾا و ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ رﺎﮑﻓا زا ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ زﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ ،يروﺮﭘ

يﺪﯾﺪﺟ فﺪﻫ يﺎﻫرازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ دورو و ﺖﺳا

يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ

ﺖﺑﺎﻗر رازﺎﺑ زا يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺮﯿﺨﺴﺗ و ﺪﯾﺪﺟ نﺎﯾﺮﺘﺸﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺖﺳا

)

،ﮓﻨﯿﻧ و جﺎﮑﯿﻟآ 2020

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯿﻟ ؛ 2021

؛ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﭘ 2018

.(

1. Lee

2. Zhang

3. Liu

4. Altura

5. Li

6. Han

(6)

336

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و غورﺎﻓ ،ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد 2020

ﯽﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ ( ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻧاروآﻮﻧ و ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر يﺮﯿﮔ

بﻮﺴﺤﻣ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ

ﻮﺷ د .

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺧا لﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ رد ﺰﯿﻧ سراﺪﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺑور يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻪ هدﻮﺑ ور ﺪﻧا . ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ

ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يا زا ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮥ

ﻤﻬﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﯽ

ﻈﻋ ﯿ ﻢ ﺑﺮﺗ رد ﯿ ﺖ ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽ ﻧﺎﻣرآ زا شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ .دراد ناﻮﺟ ﻞﺴﻧ ﯽ

ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ دﺮﺒﻫار و ي ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ ي

ﺸﻘﻧ و ﺖﺳا مﺎﻈﻧ ﺮﻫ ﯽ

ﺛﺄﺗ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﯿ راﺬﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺗ رد ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽ

هﺪﻬﻋ مﺎﻈﻧ نآ ﺖﺳا راد

)

،يﺮﻈﻧ 2021

؛

ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد .(

ﯾﺎﺿر و ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖ ﺶﻧاد ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

نازﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دروﺎﺘﺳد ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ

.دراد

ﺮﻫ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ هزاﺪﻧا

ﻪﮐ ا ﺣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يﻮﺳ زا يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻔﻗودﻮﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ،دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ دﺰﻧ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ سﺎﺴ

ﻣ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﺗ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد ﻪﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﺿر و ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌ

ار ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ يﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

) ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هاﺮﻤﻫ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺎﺳﺎﻣ 2017

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(

ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ زﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ دﺮﺒﻫار

دﺮﺑ - دﺮﺑ و شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺣ

ﯽﺘ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ ﺖﺳا ؛ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺑﻮﺧ ﯽ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ

سراﺪﻣ و ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ هدروآﺮﺑ ار دﺮﮐ

ﺮﺸﻗ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،يدﺮﻓ تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و ه

ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ار نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ دزﺎﺳ

ﺎﻣا . نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ اﺮﺷ ،دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ زا

ﯾ ﻄ ﯽ ﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯾﺮ

اﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧراد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ي

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﺷزﻮﻣآ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽ

ﺷزرو ـ ﯽ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ رد يرﻮﺤﻣ دروﺎﺘﺳد ﯽﻣ داﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

دﻮﺷ ا ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﻦ ﺮﻣا ﻮﺳ ﮏﯾ زا ﻪﺑ

دﻮﺟو ﻬﺠﺗ ﯿ تاﺰ تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و

ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و

سرد ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﻦﯾازا ور يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا

زﻮﺣ ة و شزرو ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﻧراد ﻧ ﺪ ﯿﺰ ﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯾﺮ ﺑ ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯿ

ﺮﺘﺸ فﺪﻫ و اﺮﮔ

ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ اﺮﺑ و ﺪﻧ ي ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ترﺎﻬﻣ و تﺎﮐﺮﺣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ

ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ اﺮﺷ و ﯾ ﻂ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ار ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﻖﯿﻤﻋ ﺮﺗراﺪﯾﺎﭘ و ﺮﺗ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺶﻧاد يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد نازﻮﻣآ

،يﺮﻈﻧ 1400 ﻦﯾز و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا .(

) يدﺎﺑآ 1398 ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ نﺎﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رد ( نﺎﯿﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ

دﺮﮐ ﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ

ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﯿﻌﺗدﻮﺧ ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ،ماﺮﺘﺣا و دﺎﻤﺘﻋا يﺎﻀﻓ دﺎﺠﯾا ،رﺎﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ كرد ،ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ و روآﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ دﺰﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ كاردا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﻐﺗ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

شﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﯿﯿ يﺎﻫ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ار ﻞﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﯽﻔﻃﺎﻋ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫد

زﺎﺳ د ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ

ﺑﻮﻧ ﮥ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﮕﻧا ﯿ شﺰ هﺪﻨﻫد ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻔﯾا نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻨﮐ

ﺪ ) ﯽﻠﻣار

2016 ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا .(

ﯽﻣ ﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪ ﻖﻤﻋ و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﯽﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﯽﺷﺮﮕﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ يرﺎﮐ قﺎﯿﺘﺷا و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ

) دزﺎﺳ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﺳﺎﺴﺣا

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﻫ 2016

رد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ و مﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا .(

اﯾ هﺪ روﺮﭘ ي و ﻪﺑ ﮔرﺎﮐ ﯿﺮ ي ﮏﯾ زا ﻮﻧ رﺎﮑﻓا

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رد ﻪﺸﯾر ﻮﺳ دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

، ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

تروﺮﺿ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺣ تﺎﺒﺛا ﺮﺿﺎ ﻄﺑار

ﮥ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﻤﮑﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ

ﺖﺳا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾا

ﯽﺑ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﯽ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﻮﺳ زا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

و شزﻮﻣآ

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ شروﺮﭘ ﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

رﺎﻣآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ زا رادا ة شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﻞﮐ

،نﺎﺘﺳا ﻦﯾا شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا 675

ﯽﻤﺳر ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﻗو ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ سرد ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ

ﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪ ﻪﮐ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﺪﻧا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ار سرد ﻦﯾا فاﺪﻫا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

رﯾ ﺰ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ هﺪﺷ ﯽﺷروﺮﭘ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ يﻮﺳ زا ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ 372146

ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ زﺎﺳ ﺪﻧ . ازا ﯾ ﻦ ور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رﺎﮑﻧا ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و يدﺮﻓ

ﮏﯾ زا نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ

ﯾﺎﺿر و ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ،ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ،ﯽﺸﺨﺑ شﺰﯿﮕﻧا رد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾا زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و ﻮﺳ ﺖ

تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﺎﻨﮐ رد ،نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ يﺪﻨﻣ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ صﻮﺼﺧ رد سراﺪﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﮐﺪﻧا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

ﺮﺑ ﻣﺎﮐ ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نآ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ ) و ﯽﻓﺮﺷا

زﯾ ﻦ دﺎﺑآ ي

، 1398 ،(

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻠﯾﻻد ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﮕﻤﻫ ﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﮥ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ و يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ نآ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا

و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ دﻮﺷ .

1. Ramlee

(7)

نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ

337

شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ظﺎﺤﻟ

،فﺪﻫ يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و زا ﺮﻈﻧ ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ هداد ﺎﻫ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ زا عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا اﺮﺟا

ﺪﺷ .

ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ يرﺎﻣآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ مﺎﻤﺗ و ﯽﻤﺳر

نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺘﻟود سراﺪﻣ ﺖﻗو نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ

) 675 (ﺮﻔﻧ لﺎﺳ رد 1400 ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﮥ ) يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ عﻮﻧ زا تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يرﺎﻣآ

≤10

≤n 5 ) (

،هدازﺎﺿر و يرواد 2016

،(

246 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ) يا ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ و ﯽﯾاﺪﺘﺑا ﻊﻄﻘﻣ رد ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

د ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ر

(ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ﺪﺷ

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ راﺰﺑا . ﮥ

ﯽﺗارﺎﺑ ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

) 2018 ﺎﺑ ( 10 ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ،ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ناﺮﻤﯾا

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2020 ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ( 10

و ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﮥ زوﺪﻧﺎﮕﮐآ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و3

) 2018 ﺎﺑ (

5 ﮐ دﻮﺑ ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﯽﺗﺮﮑﯿﻟ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪ

ﺞﻨﭘ ) ﯽﺷزرا 1 : ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ،ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ 5 ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ (ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ : ﺪﺷ

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ تاﺮﻤﻧ . ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻮﺷ

؛د ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻦﯿﺒﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﺖﺳا

. ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا اﺪﺘﺑا ﺎﻫ

اور ﯽﯾ و يرﻮﺻ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ

ﯽﯾ نآ ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 10 زا ﺮﻔﻧ نادﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﯽﺷزرو ﺪﺷ

زا ﺲﭘ و

ﺮﻈﻧ و تﺎﺣﻼﺻا لﺎﻤﻋا يﺎﻫ

،نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ هوﺮﮔ يدﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﺎﭘ

ﯾﺎ ﯽﯾ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

يا ﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﯽ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ 40

نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻔﻟآ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ 84 /0

، 79 /0 و 81 /0 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد

،ﺪﻣآ ﻪﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻨﻫد ة تﺎﺒﺛ ﯽﻧورد راﺰﺑا هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ دﻮﺑ .

ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭘ ،سوﺮﯾو ﺎﻧوﺮﮐ عﻮﯿﺷ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ

زا مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ مزﻻ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﯽﺷروﺮﭘ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ

ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ نﺎﺘﺳا شروﺮﭘ شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﮥ

ﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ د ﻦﯿﺑ ر ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﺪﺷ و رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ 246 ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﮥ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ رد . ﻦﯾا مﺮﻧ زا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ سا راﺰﻓا

ﯽﭘ سا سا ﺨﺴﻧ ﮥ 26 ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﺷ

. ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ اﺮﺑ

ي نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ و يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻫ

يﺎ

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺮﻧ زا

ترﺎﻤﺳا راﺰﻓا

ﯽﭘ لا سا ﺨﺴﻧ ﮥ 3 .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥ رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ لوﺪﺟ

1 ﻪﺋارا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﻌﻤﺟ ﯿ ﺖ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرﺎﻣآ ﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد

ﻦﺳ 20

ﺎﺗ 30 لﺎﺳ 45

29 / 18

31 ﺎﺗ 40 لﺎﺳ 77

30 / 31

41 ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و لﺎﺳ 124

40 / 50

ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ

141 31

/ 57

نز 105

68 / 42

ﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﮥ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ 1

ﺎﺗ 10 لﺎﺳ 39

85 / 15

11 ﺎﺗ 20 لﺎﺳ 129

43 / 52

21 ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و لﺎﺳ 78

7/

31

ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﯾاﺪﺘﺑا

139 5/

56

ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ 107

5/

43

1. Bharati

2. Imran

3. Akgunduz

(8)

338

ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ لﺪﻣ

ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯿ لﺪﻣ زا ﺎﻫ

تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﯽﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ لا

.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا سا ﺮﺑ

سﺎﺳا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي لوﺪﺟ 3 ﻞﮑﺷ و يﺎﻫ 2 و 3،

ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ هﺪﺷﺮﮐذ زا .دﻮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ لﺪﻣ ندﻮﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ

ﻪﮑﻨﯾا

) ﺎﻨﺒﻣ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ 7/

0 زﺎﺳ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ( ه

) ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﯽﯾاور زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ رواد

ازﺎﺿر و ي

،هد

1395 .(

لوﺪﺟ 3 . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﯾﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ هزﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ رﺎﺑ

شزرا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ t

جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ

ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ يﺎﻔﻟآ

خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ

1

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ 710

/ 0 756 / 18

538 / 0 921

/ 0 904 / 0

2 764

/ 0 231 / 18

3 694

/ 0 272 / 14

4 810

/ 0 241 / 28

5 767

/ 0 241 / 20

6 751

/ 0 768 / 19

7 755

/ 0 293 / 17

8 745

/ 0 383 / 15

9 628

/ 0 383 / 13

10 697

/ 0 844 / 18

11

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ 759

/ 0 473 / 26

520 / 0 915

/ 0 896 / 0

12 633

/ 0 715 / 10

13 739

/ 0 938 / 22

14 745

/ 0 457 / 19

15 821

/ 0 382 / 33

16 665

/ 0 018 / 11

17 687

/ 0 594 / 12

18 654

/ 0 348 / 13

19 713

/ 0 670 / 14

20 771

/ 0 821 / 30

ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر 21 803

/ 0 277 / 602 28

/ 0 883

/ 0 834 /

0 15/390 0 /718 22

(9)

نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ

339

23 765

/ 0 211 / 26

24 839

/ 0 037 / 39

25 750

/ 0 352 / 19

) ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ

R2

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﮑﯾ ( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا رد . 670

/0 ، 330 / 0

و 190 /0 ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ) ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﻒﯿﻌﺿ و ندﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ندﻮﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﯾﺎﭼ

1، 2003

،هدازﺎﺿر و يرواد ؛

1395 ( لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ . 4

ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ، ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ نورد نﻮﻨﮑﻣ

ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ياز ﻣﺎﮐ

ﯽﺑﺎﯿ ﻠﻐﺷ و ﯽ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي

ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ 680 /0 و 740 /0 ﯽﻣ سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا .ﺖﺳا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ياراد لﺪﻣ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

لوﺪﺟ 4 . يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ نورد

از

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺿ

ﯾ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺐ

/ 0

ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر 740

/ 0

لﺪﻣ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ

ا كاﺮﺘﺷ هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺮﯿﮔ

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ .

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻨﻫد ة هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺖﺳا ﺟ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ . لواﺪ

3 ، 4 و 5 ﯽﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔ

.ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ

لوﺪﺟ 5 . هزﺎﺳ كاﺮﺘﺷا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

هزﺎﺳ SSO

SSE 1-SSE/SSO

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ 2460

119 / 1422 422

/ 0

429 / 1474 401

/ 0

ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ 1230

434 / 740 398

/ 0

* هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ تاروﺬﺠﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ) نﻮﻨﮑﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

( SSO

* يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ تاروﺬﺠﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﭘﯿ

ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ) نﻮﻨﮑﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ( SSE

* ) كاﺮﺘﺷا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 1-SSE/SSO

(

لوﺪﺟ 6 . تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ

تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ لﺪﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﺘﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ

ةرﺎﻣآ ﯽﺗ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ يراد

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ←

825 / 0 577 / 34 001

/ 0

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ←

ي ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ 501

/ 0 383 / 8 001 / 0

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر←

ي ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ 399

/ 0 408 / 6 001 / 0

ﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ

← ﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺑﺎﯿﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ

ﯽﻠﻐﺷ ﯽ 396

/ 0 325 / 6 001 / 0

1. Chin