Recognition and Prioritization of Effective Cultural Measures in Promoting Etiquette for Attending Stadiums

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Recognition and Prioritization of Effective Cultural Measures in Promoting Etiquette for Attending Stadiums

Rasoul Faraji¹^, Mehrali Hematinezhad² , Sepideh Shabani³

1. Corresponding Author, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail:[email protected]

2. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. E-mail:

[email protected]

3. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. E-mail:

[email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

11 March 2021 Received in revised form:

22 May 2021 Accepted:

25 May 2021 Published online:

16 September 2022

Keywords:

cultural modeling, etiquette, football stadium, sense of security, violence

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize effective cultural measures in promoting attendance etiquette in Iranian football stadiums using a hierarchical analysis method with the aim of improving their security.

Methods: This research is of mixed type and in the qualitative phase, cultural measures effective on enhancing etiquette at Iranian football stadiums were identified during thirteen semi-structured interviews with experts by conventional content analysis. In the quantitative phase, twelve participants of the qualitative phase completed the AHP pairwise comparison matrix and compared the measures identified in the qualitative phase in pairs in terms of importance and the data were analyzed by analytical hierarchy process and using the Expert Choice software.

Results: The findings showed that culture building with relative weighting 0.177 is the most important action in the development of culture and etiquette of the presence of people in football stadiums. Acculturation, legal support, monitoring and control, planning and management, executive support, organizing sports agents, Co-thinking and networking, and academic promotion with weights of 0.167, 0.122, 0.121, 0.119, 0.107, 0.071, 0.068, and 0.048 were placed in the next priorities, respectively (incompatibility rate = 0.01).

Conclusion: It seems that identifying appropriate behavioral patterns and introducing them to the target communities, including spectators, athletes, and coaches, etc., by football organizers, as well as cultural and sports policy makers, and also, the proper allocation and spending of cultural budgets in this path can help in educating a new generation of football fans and improving the security of football stadiums in the future. However, those measures that have been prioritized in the lower ranks are still important and should not be neglected.

Cite this article: Faraji, R., Hematinezhad, M., & Shabani, S. (2022). Recognition and Prioritizing Effective Cultural Measures in Promoting Etiquette in Stadiums. Sport Management Journal, 14 (2), 239-253.

DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.320251.2693

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Introduction

Violent behaviors in football, in addition to economic losses, also have cultural, social and political damages, of which disturbance in the order and security of society is an example (Fathinia, 2009). Therefore, the investigation of violent incidents related to sports competitions with the aim of improving the security of future sports events is one of the important issues that has received the attention of social thinkers and sociologists, especially in the last two decades.

According to the researchers, in order to control violent behaviors at different levels, there is a need for the existence of appropriate behavioral and personality models to teach the desired behavior directly and indirectly (Karger et al., 2018).

In this regard, according to Williams and Noki (2020), in order to solve the problem of violence and hooliganism, it is not possible to reach a conclusion only by force and coercion, but it is necessary to bring about changes in people's views and attitudes. Although in Iran, relatively many researches have been conducted in the field of violence and aggression in sports, especially football, and many researchers have investigated the causes of violence and aggression and variables related to it. But it seems that in addition to investigating the causes and factors of the occurrence of abnormal incidents in stadiums, it is necessary to identify effective measures to prevent and control these incidents, such as reforming and improving the manners and culture of people attending stadiums and prioritizing measures, in order to properly direct the measures. And the distribution of resources and the allocation of funds and facilities to prevent the occurrence of accidents in such sports environments.

Considering the necessity of improving the atmosphere of the stadiums to increase the attendance of spectators and improve their security, the present research tries to answer the question of which cultural measures are effective in improving the way people attend football stadiums and improving their security level, and which are the most important of these measures?

Methods

This research is of mixed type and in the qualitative phase, cultural measures effective in enhancing etiquette at Iranian football stadiums were identified during thirteen semi- structured interviews with experts through conventional content analysis. In the quantitative phase, twelve participants of the qualitative phase completed the AHP pairwise comparison matrix and compared the measures identified in the qualitative phase in pairs in terms of importance and the data were analyzed through an analytical hierarchy process and using the Expert Choice software.

Results

In the qualitative part of the research, in the open coding stage, after reviewing and aggregating the repeated codes, 262 primary codes (subcategories) were obtained, which were categorized in the form of 30 secondary codes (categories) and 9 themes in the axial coding stage (legal support, academic promotion, cultural modeling, acculturation, organizing sports agents, planning and management, Co-thinking and networking, executive support and monitoring and control.

with cultural weighting of 0.177 is the most important action in the development of culture and etiquette of the presence of people in football stadiums. Acculturation, legal support, monitoring and control, planning and management, executive support, organizing sports agents, Co-thinking and networking, and academic promotion with weights of 0.167, 0.122, 0.121, 0.119, 0.107, 0.071, 0.068, and 0.048 were placed in the next priorities, respectively (incompatibility rate

= 0.01).

Conclusion

It is not possible to improve security and the favorable atmosphere in stadiums only by punitive measures and banning clubs from playing without spectators. Education of people in society and especially sports fans plays the most important role in promoting the culture and manners of people attending football stadiums. Williams and Noki (2020) reported that the British realized over time that solving the problem of hooliganism in football cannot be solved by force and coercion alone, and it is necessary to change the culture and attitude of fans and other people present in the stadium. It seems that according to the prioritization, allocating more funds to education, cultural modeling, and transferring suitable cultural models to the people present in the stadium can help in training a new generation of people in sports, especially football. Of course, in line with modeling and training of sports audiences, it is necessary to review the laws related to sports violations, the supervisory and facility standards of football stadiums, as well as the management and planning of competitions, in order to prevent the increase of violence and aggression in stadiums with appropriate executive support.

Irreparable damage to Iran's football body at the national and international level should be avoided

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines: In this article, an effort was made to keep the names and details of the participants in trust with the researchers.

Funding: No financial support was used in this article.

Authors’ contribution: All authors contributed to the present article.

Conflict of interest: There was no conflict of financial or non- financial interests among the authors of the article.

Acknowledgments: All the participants in this research are appreciated and thanked.

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ﻮﻟوا و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯾ

ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽ

ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي

دﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ ﯾ

مﻮ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺟﺮﻓ لﻮﺳر

1

، 

داﮋﻧ ﯽﺘﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﻋﺮﻬﻣ ، 2

ﯽﻧﺎﺒﺷ هﺪﯿﭙﺳ

3

1.

،لوﺆﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ هوﺮﮔ

ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ،

هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد و ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ ناور

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ ﯽﻧﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ ،

ﺰﯾﺮﺒﺗ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ، [email protected]

2.

هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،

هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

نﻼﯿﮔ ، ﺖﺷر :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ، [email protected]

3 . هوﺮﮔ

،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

نﻼﯿﮔ ، ﺖﺷر :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،

@yahoo.com 66

s.shabani

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 21 / 12 / 1399

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 01

/ 03 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 04 / 03 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 25 / 06 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ ،ﺖﯿﻨﻣا سﺎﺴﺣا

لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا

،

يزﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا

،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

: ا فﺪﻫ ﯾ ﻦ ﻮﻟوا و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯾ

ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ي ماﺪﻗا ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي

ﺣ بادآ دﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀ ﯾ

مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي

ا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯾ ناﺮ ﺎﻘﺗرا فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ي

ﻨﻣا ﯿ ﺖ .دﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور اﯾ

ﻦ ﮐﺮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿﺒ

ﯽ ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯿﻔ

ﯽ

، ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽ

ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي

رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ

دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯾ ناﺮ ﻃ ﯽ ﺳ ﯿ هدﺰ ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﮥ ﻧﯿ ﻪﻤ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻠﺤﺗ و نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯿ

ﻞ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﻓﺮﻋ ﯽ هداد ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ

ﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺪﺷ ﯽ

ﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯿﺰ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﺮﻔﻧ هدزاود ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﯿﻔ ﯽ

، اﺪﻗا تﺎﻣ ﻨﺷ ﺎﺳﺎ ﯽﯾ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ار ﻮﻟوا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯾ ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ي

،

ﺮﺗﺎﻣ رد ﯾ ﺲ ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺟوز ﯽ ﻤﻫا ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﯿ ﺖ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑود ترﻮﺻ ﺎﻘﻣ ود

ﯾ ﻪﺴ هداد و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﻫ

ي ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺳو ﯿﻠ ﮥ مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا

Expert choice ﻠﺤﺗ

ﯿ ﻞ .ﺪﺷ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ :ﺎﻫ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ زﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ي

ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺒﺴﻧ نزو ﺎﺑ ﯽ

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رد داﺮﻓا رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ

دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﯾ ناﺮ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .ﺖﺳا ﺬﭘ

ﯾﺮ ي

، ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘ زﺎﺳ ي ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﯽ

، ﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ترﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ،ل

ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و رﯾ ﺰ ي

،

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘ زﺎﺳ ي اﺮﺟا ﯽﯾ

، ﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺷزرو ناراﺰﮔرﺎﮐ ﯽ

، ﻢﻫ ﺪﻧا ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ ﺒﺷ و ﻪﮑ زﺎﺳ ي

، ﺎﻘﺗرا و ي ﻣدﺎﮐآ ﯿ ﮏ ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ نزو ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي

167 /0 ، 122 /0 ، 121 /0 ، 119 /0 و 107 /0 ، 071 /0 ، 068 /0 و 048 /0 ﻮﻟوا رد ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻌﺑ ي ﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ) ﺪﻨﺘﻓ 01 /0 خﺮﻧ =

رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ ي .(

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻟا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺳر ﻋا فﺪﻫ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕ

،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ زا ﻢ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺮﯿﻏ و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ةزﻮﺣ ناراﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

- و ﯽﺷزرو

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ و ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳرد دﺮﮐ

يﺎﻘﺗرا و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ناراداﻮﻫ زا ﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﺴﻧ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﯿﻨﻣا آ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﺘﺳد نآ ،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ هﺪﻨﯾ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا زا ﻪ

ترﻮﺻ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ

هدر رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻧا

ﺣ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻠﻔﻏ درﻮﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﺒﻧ و ﺪﻧا

:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﯽﺟﺮﻓ ، لﻮﺳر

؛

؛ﯽﻠﻋﺮﻬﻣ ،داﮋﻧ ﯽﺘﻤﻫ و

ﯽﻧﺎﺒﺷ ، هﺪﯿﭙﺳ ) 1401 .(

ﻮﻟوا و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯾ

ﺖ ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽ

ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي آ دﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ باد ﯾ

مﻮ ﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ . ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﯽﺷزرو ، 2 )4 ،(

239-253 .

DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2021.320251.2693

:ﺮﺷﺎﻧ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و

.

.نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﻣآ ﯿﺰ هوﻼﻋ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد ز ﺮﺑ

ﯾ نﺎ ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ي

، ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﯽ

، ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﺳ و ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ ﻧﯿ ﺰ ﺳآ ﺪﺟاو ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ لﻼﺧا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا

ﻨﻣا و ﻢﻈﻧ رد ﯿ

ﺖ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ا

ي ﺤﺘﻓ) ﺖﺳا نآ زا ﯿﻧ ﯽ

،ﺎ 1389 .(

ﻦﯾا زا

،ور ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ثداﻮﺣ ﺷزرو تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ رﺎﺑ

ﯽ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ

ﺎﻘﺗرا ي ﻨﻣا ﯿ ﺖ ور ﯾ ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ آﯾ هﺪﻨ ﻤﻬﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ زا ﯽ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا وﯾ

هﮋ ﻫد ود رد ﮥ ﺧا ﯿﺮ ﺪﻧا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﯾ

ﻤﺸ ناﺪﻨ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯿ

ﺖ ﻪﺑ و شزرو وﯾ

هﮋ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ رد لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺪﻨﻣ

ي ﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا ي

رد نآ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ

دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ مﻮ

،ﺎﻫ ﻣﺄﺗ ﯿ ﻦ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ﻦﻣا و ا ﯾ ﻦﻤ اﺮﺑ ي ﺗروﺮﺿ ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ

ﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﯿ ﺖ ازا .ﺖﺳا ﯾ ﻦ ور ﺳﺎﺳا فﺪﻫ ﯽ

ﺪﻣ ﯾ ناﺮ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ و

ور و ﯾ ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺑ لدﺎﻌﺗ ﻆﻔﺣ ﯿ

ﻦ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﮥ زا ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ دﺎﺷ و حﺮﻔﻣ ﯾ

ﮏ ﻮﺳ ﻣﺄﺗ و ﯿ ﻦ ﻨﻣا ﯿ ﺖ ﻣ رد ناﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﯿ

دﺎ ﯾ ﻦ ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻮﺳ زا ي د ﯾ ﺮﮕ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و لﺎﻫ) ﺖﺳا 2011

ا ﺎﺑ .(

ﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺣ ﻈﻧ ﺮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر دﺎﺘﺳا رد راﻮﮔﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ عﻮﻗو ﯾ

مﻮ ﺎﻫ ي نﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﯾ اﺮﺑ ﻦﻣاﺎﻧ ي

ﺑﺮﻣ ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﯿ

نﺎ ﺪﺒﺗ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو و ﯾ

ﻞ ﺘﻤﻫ) ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ داﮋﻧ ﯽ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1395

ﻠﺌﺴﻣ .(

ﮥ ﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ي

ور رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﯾ

ﺎﻫداﺪ ي

ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺪﺟ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ي

ﻪﺘﺷر عاﻮﻧا رد ﺎﻫ

ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ،دور) ﺖﺳﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ و حﻮﻄﺳ مﺎﻤﺗ رد و 2017

ﻠﭘ و ( ﯿ

،ﺲ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﻣا ﯿﺘ ﯽ ﺖﻟود و ﺎﺑ ار ﺎﻫ

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﻣﺄﺗ ﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ﯿﺰ ي ﻪﺑور ﺘﻤﻫ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ور داﮋﻧ ﯽ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1395

.(

ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ ،نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ةﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ و يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ رد ﺰﯿﻣآ

ﻪﺑ داد شزﻮﻣآ ار بﻮﻠﻄﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ،ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ و ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ترﻮﺻ )

ﺎﮐ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﮔر 1398

( ﯽﮐﻮﻧ و ﺰﻣﺎﯿﻠﯾو ةﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد .

1 ) 2020 (

ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮕﯿﻟﻮﻫ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﮥﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻤﻧ2

ار ﯽﺗاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ داﺮﻓا شﺮﮕﻧ و هﺎﮔﺪﯾد رد ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺒﺟ و روز ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ .دروآ دﻮﺟو ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ناﺮﯾا رد ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ

رد يدﺎﯾز ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ و شزرو رد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز

و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ هﮋﯾو

يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﻞﻠﻋ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نآ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و3

ﺪﻧا ) ﻞﻌﻟ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يراﺪﯿﺑ 2019

و ﯽﺤﻠﺼﻣ ؛

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2020

سﺎﺒﻋ ؛ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و هداز 2018

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻌﯿﻔﺷ ؛ 2017

( ﻪﺑ ، ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ نوﺰﻓا ﺪﺳر ثداﻮﺣ عﻮﻗو ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻞﻠﻋ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ داﺮﻓا رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و بادآ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و حﻼﺻا ﻞﺜﻣ ثداﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا و ﺎﻫ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺰﯿﻧ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا يﺪﻨﺑ ،تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا و ﻪﺟدﻮﺑ ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻫد

ﻦﯾا رد راﻮﮔﺎﻧ ثداﻮﺣ عﻮﻗو زا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑﺎﻬﺷ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد .دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ )

1395 هدﺮﮐ رﺎﻬﻇا ( ﮥﻣزﻻ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا

ﻪﺸﯾر تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ و ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮕﯿﻟﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ هزرﺎﺒﻣ و سراﺪﻣ رد ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار دﺮﺒﺸﯿﭘ و نآ رد ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و يا

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻟ و ﻦﭼ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫ

4 ) 2007 هداد شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﺒﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر دﺮﮑﯾور يﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ مﻮﺳر و بادآ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ (

رﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻊﯿﺠﺷ ةﺪﯿﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ ) نا

2020 ﻢﻬﻣ زا تﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧا ( مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

دﺎﺠﯾا نآ ﮥﻣزﻻ و هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﮔرﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳا شزرو رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و نﺎﺒﻃﺎﺨﻣ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ شﺮﮕﻧ )

1395 ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺟﺮﻓ ،(

2018 و ( ﯽﭘ ﯽﭘ اروا و5

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2019

( ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ موﺰﻟ ﺮﺑ ،دﻮﺧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺰﯿﻧ رد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا مﺎﺠﻧا و يزﺎﺳ

هدﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا شزرو .ﺪﻧا

ﺮﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻣو ﻞﯿﻤﺤﺗ ﻢﺋاﺮﺟ و ﺎﻫ ﻢﯿﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺷ ﺎﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴ ﻣ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ناﺮﮔﺎﺷ ﺎﻤﺗ تﺎﻔﻠﺨﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد

ﻞﯿﻟد ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و حﻼﺻا تروﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ يﺮﮕﯾد نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺎﺑ .دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ

ﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ رد ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﮓﻨ

ﻪﺑ و ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ و ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ﯽﺘﯿﻨﻣا ﺢﻄﺳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا هﮋﯾو

هدﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻧا

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا عﻮﻧ ﻪﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳ ا ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻ ا ﮥﻠﺌﺴ ﻣ ﺎﻣا مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳ ا رد داﺮﻓا رﻮﻀ ﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و بادآ ﮥﻌﺳ ﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ

لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

د ماﺪﮐ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا و ﺖﺳ ا راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و نﻻﻮﺌﺴ ﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا رد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ و ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﺸ ﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﺘﺳ

تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴ ﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

1. Williams & Vannucci

2. Hooliganism

3. Aggression

4. Chen & Li

5. Piepiora

(5)

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ يﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺎﻫ

243

؟ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ،شزرو رد ﺖﯿﻨﻣا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ةزﻮﺣ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﮥﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ

ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ارﺬﮔ و ﯽﺋﺰﺟ ةرﺎﺷا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﺪﺳر

ﺤﺗ رد دوﺪﺤﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا زا ﻪﺘﺳد نآ ،ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد داﺮﻓا رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و بادآ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎﻘﺗرا و ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ زﻮﻨﻫ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﺘﯿﻨﻣا ﺢﻄﺳ هﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ و ﻊﻣﺎﺟ رﻮﻃ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ و ﺪﻧا

شور زا ﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﯽﻃﺎﺧ داﺮﻓا ﺎﺑ درﻮ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﻪﯾﺮﻬﻗ يوﺮﯿﻧ زا يﺮﯿﮔ هﺎﮕﺷزرو رد ﯽﺘﺴﯾروﺮﺗ و ﻪﻧاﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧراد ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ ةﻮﺤﻧ حﻼﺻا ﺪﺳر و مﻮﺳر ،بادآ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷآ و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

زا مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ

ﯽﻧورد و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ و ﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يزﺎﺳ

يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﯿﻨﻣا حﻮﻄﺳ يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ دراﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ داﺮﻓا ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ و نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺳﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳد ﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ نارﺎﮐرﺪﻧا مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ور ﺪﻧور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓ

ناﺮﯾا لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يزاﻮﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا و ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ و مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ مﻮﺳر و بادآ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻘﺗرا تروﺮﺿ و و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﻮﺟ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ تروﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﺑ ﺎﻫ

دﺪﺻرد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﯿﻨﻣا يﺎﻘﺗرا و ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد داﺮﻓا رﻮﻀﺣ ةﻮﺤﻧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ماﺪﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﯿﻨﻣا ﺢﻄﺳ يﺎﻘﺗرا و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﻢﻬﻣ و ﺪﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣ ماﺪﮐ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻦﯾا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

؟ﺪﻧا

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳ د ياﺮﺑ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸ ﻣ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳ ا (ﯽﻤﮐ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ) ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ دﺮﮑﯾور زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ

تﺄﯿﻫ يﺎﻀ ﻋا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ةزﻮﺣ رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ و ناﺮﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ كﻼﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ يﺮﯿﮔ

هدﺰﯿﺳ راﺪﻣ

لوﺪﺟ) ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 1

.(

ﻊﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ هداد يروآ

ﺎﺑ ،زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ حﺮﻃ

ﺶﺳ ﺮﭘ زﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼ ﻣ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ةزﺎﺑ 30

ﺎﺗ 90 مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ عﺎﺒﺷا

هداد يﺮﻈﻧ ﮥﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ زا و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا ﺎﻫ

هداد ،ﻢﻫدزﺎﯾ ﮥﻣادا و ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺤﺻ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ياﺮﺑ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

،ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا هزﺎﺟا ﺐﺴﮐ ﺎﺑ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﻫ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﺷ

و ﺪﺷ ﭗﯾﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ترﻮﺻ

هداد زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻘﻣﺮﯾز) ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳ ا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻟﻮ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼ ﻣ ﮥﻤﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا (ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز جاﺮﺨﺘﺳ ا و ﺎﻫ

ماﺪﻗا ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ) ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا و يرﻮﺤﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ و (ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ) ﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻢﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و (يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ،ﺰﯿﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻤﮐ زﺎﻓ رد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

د ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ و هﺎﮔآ داﺮﻓا ناﻮﻨﻋ زا و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ر

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ نﺎﺸﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ناﺰﯿﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ار ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺪﺷ

ﻪﺑود ترﻮﺻ لا ﻒﯿﻃ) ود

ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ (ﯽﺘﻋﺎﺳ

ﺖﮐرﺎــﺸﻣ ﺺــﺼﺨﺘﻣ هدﺰﯿــﺳ زا .ﺪﻨﻫد زﺎﯿﺘﻣا و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺮﻔﻧ هدزاود ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮــﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد1

.

هداد ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ يروآ

ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﯽﺟوز يﺎﻫ

) ﯽﺒﺗاﺮﻣ

AHP2

مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ( راﺰﻓا

Expert

Choice

ﮥﺨﺴﻧ 11 .ﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ

.١

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ةﺪﻨﻨﮐ رﺎﻤﺷ ة 10 رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ دﺮﮑﻧ .

2. Analytic hierarchy process

(6)

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﯽﮔﮋﯾو . ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ةرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ هﺪﻧﻮﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ

جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﮥﺘﺷر هﺪﺷ

ﮥﺒﺗﺮﻣ (لﺎﺳ)ﻦﺳ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ

و ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 1

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 2

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 3

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 4

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 5

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 6

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 7

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 8

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 9

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 10

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 11

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 12

ةرﺎﻤﺷ 13 59

41 86 48 43 16 45 35 45 8 43 31 17 ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو قﻮﻘﺣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﺷزرو

ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا

دﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد دﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا دﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد

دﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا 36

60 36 55 59 38 38 60 70 75 60 53 35 6

28 10 25 26 9 11 31 35 35 30 24 5

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ نﺎﯾﺎﺷ :*

ﻧاد رد رﻮﮐﺬﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ هﺎﮕﺸ

،نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ ﯽﻧﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ ،ﻪﯿﻣورا ،نﻼﯿﮔ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺑﺮﺗ ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و ﺲﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯿﻔ

ﯽ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥ

راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ي ،زﺎﺑ 487 ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺣاو ﯽﯾ ﻠﺻا لاﺆﺳ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽ

اﺪﻗا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣ

ﯽ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

دﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ ﺮﺑ ﯾ

مﻮ ﺎﻘﺗرا و ي ﻨﻣا ﯿ ﺖ ﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽ

ﻤﺠﺗ و ﯿﻊ ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ي راﺮﮑﺗ ي

، 262 ﻟوا ﺪﮐ ﯿﻪ ز) ﯾ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮ ﻪﺑ ( ﺖﺳد

ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻣآ ﮥ

اﺬﮔﺪﮐ ر ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي ﺤﺗ ﻠﯿ ﻞ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد .ﺪﺷ ﮥ

راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ي رﻮﺤﻣ ي

، 262 ﻟوا ﺪﮐ ﮥﯿ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﮥ

ﺬﮔﺪﮐ را ي ِﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد زﺎﺑ 30

ﺪﮐ

ﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﯾﻪ و (ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ) 9

وﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ و جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ،ﻢﺗ ﯾ

ﻦ لوﺪﺟ رد جرﺪﻨﻣ 2

راﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ي .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

لوﺪﺟ 2 راﺬﮔﺪﮐ . ي رﻮﺤﻣ و زﺎﺑ ي

هداد ﺎﻫ

(ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣﺮﯾز) ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺪﮐ (ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ) ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺪﮐ

ﻢﺗ

ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رﻮﻀﺣ ،ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﺖﻟود يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺑ هﺎﮕﺷزرو صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ،مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،ﻢﯿﺗ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﺘﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يراﺬﮔاو هاﺮﻤﻫ

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ مﺎﻈﻧ ندﺮﮐ رﻮﺸﮐ رد يراد

يراﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﯿﺳ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺸﭘﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ يزﺎﺳ

ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﯽﯾﻮﺴﻤﻫ ،ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻔﻠﺨﺗ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد نوﺪﻣ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﯿﯾآ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ،ﺎﻔﯿﻓ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﺎﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

ﻦ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا صﻮﺼﺧ رد تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ دﻮﺟو صﻮﺼﺧ رد هﮋﯾو ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺨﺳ يﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ﻦﮑﻤﻣ يراﺰﻓا يراﺬﮕﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﺎﺳر يﺮﯿﮔﻮﺳ مﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﺎﻫ

دﺮﺑ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ -

ﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد دﺮ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر شﻼﺗ ، عﻼﻃا رد ﺎﻫ بﺎﺗزﺎﺑ و سﺎﮑﻌﻧا ،نﺎﺒﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و سﺎﻨﺸﻧاور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ رﺎﻨﮐ رد ﯽﺷزرو سﺎﻨﺷ

ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ حﻼﺻا و ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

نآ زا ﺲﭘ ﺎﯾ يزﺎﺑ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﻧﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻠﺗ ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ

يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر يا

ﺰﮔرﺎﮐ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،ناراداﻮﻫ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ حﺮﻃ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ رﻮﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ نارا

ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ

ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ نﻼﮐ هدﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ زا ﺲﭘ و ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﺣ ،ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ،يزﺎﺳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ

دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

يﺰﯾر ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺰﯾر

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﯽﻫﺎﻓر يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رد ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

يﺰﯾر ﺢﯿﺤﺻ

ﻪﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﯽﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻤﮔردﺮﺳ

ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯽﺷوﺮﻓ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﯿﺘﺸﭘ

و تﻼﯿﻬﺴﺗ تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ

ﻪﺘﺷر زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ،لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ يزﺎﺑ ﮥﻤﯿﻧ ود ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣوود يﺎﻫ

مﺮﮔﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻘﯿﺳﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﺷزرو نوزﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

يزﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ فﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد ﮥﻤﯿﻧ ود ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﯾ يزﺎﺑ عوﺮﺷ زا ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﻫ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﻣﻮﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻫ يزﺎﺳﺮﺘﺴﺑ

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

(7)

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ يﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺎﻫ

245

ﺎﺑ ياﺮﺑ هﮋﯾو تازﺎﯿﺘﻣا صﺎﺼﺘﺧا قﻼﺧا ﺎﺑ ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻖﯾﻮﺸﺗ ،ﯽﻬﯿﺒﻨﺗ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا رﺎﻨﮐ رد ﯽﻘﯾﻮﺸﺗ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ هﺎﮕﺷ

و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا لﻮﺻا ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ رد ﺖﯾﻮﻀﻋ ﺪﮐ ﺎﯾ ترﺎﮐ ياراد ناراداﻮﻫ ياﺮﺑ هﮋﯾو تازﺎﯿﺘﻣا صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ،يراداﻮﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺰﯾر ﺮﯿﺑاﺪﺗ

ﯽﺘﯾﺎﻤﺣ

ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ةزﻮﺣ رد ﻖﻓﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و يوﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ياﺮﺟا و ﺐﯾﻮﺼﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا هزﻮﺣ رد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد بﺎﺘﮐ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ و ﻒﯿﻟﺄﺗ و ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ،مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

ﮏﯿﻣدﺎﮐآ يﺎﻘﺗرا

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ نﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ -

ﯽﻗﻼﺧا د رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ و ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور و ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ر

بﺎﺘﮐ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ رد و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ نﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ ،سراﺪﻣ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ سرد ﻞﺼﻓﺮﺳ و اﻮﺘﺤﻣ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رد ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﺑزﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ

هرود يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﻤﺿ شزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ رﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ

،ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺒﯾﺎﭘ و شزرو رد تﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧا ﺖﯾ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ و يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ،شزﻮﻣآ

ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا و ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا رد ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ نازﻮﻣآ

يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﺰﯿﺗ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ يﺎﻫ

هﺎﮕﺷزرو رد ﯽﻗﻼﺧا صﻮﺼﺧ رد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رد هﺎﮔرﺎﮐ و ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻫدﺮﮔ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻫ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﭽﺑﺎﺘﮐ و ﺎﻫرﻮﺷوﺮﺑ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ،مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و بادآ و لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺒﻧ و ﺎﻫﺪﯾﺎﺑ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

زﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا ،يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﺪﯾﺎ ي

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ةﻮﺤﻧ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﮥﺋارا و ﺎﻫ

يزﺎﺳاﻮﺘﺤﻣ

ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا

عﻼﻃا هﺎﮔآ ،مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ يدورو ﮥﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ دراﻮﻣ درﻮﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻢﺋاﺮﺟ زا نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ،نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ،ﺎﻫرﺪﯿﻟ يزﺎﺳ

ﮏﻣﺎﯿﭘ لﺎﺳرا ،مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد عﻼﻃا ، ناراداﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﻮﺷوﺮﺑ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ناراداﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا

ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ و ﯽﺸﺨﺑ

عﻼﻃا ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

دﺮﺑ ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ مﺎﯿﭘ ﺎﯾ ﺎﻫﺮﻨﺑ ﺐﺼﻧ ،ﻢﯿﺗ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻌﺷ و دوﺮﺳ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟا ،دﺮﺑ–

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و قﻼﺧا ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﯽﻬﺘﻨﻣ مﺎﯿﭘ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻣز رود ﯽﺗﺎﻐﯿﻠﺒﺗ يﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﭽﺑﺎﺘﮐ نداد راﺮﻗ ،نﺎﺒﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا يﺎﻫ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﻮﺷوﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫ

رد

سﻮﺑﻮﺗا عﻼﻃا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و ﻪﻋﺎﺷا

يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا

ﻓ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺠﯿﻫ و رﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر شزﻮﻣآ ،ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا و يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ناﺪﻧزﺮ

ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ شزﻮﻣآ

ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓيﺮﯾﺬﭘ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻓ و يراداﻮﻫ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮ

ﺎﻫ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ شزﻮﻣآ

ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫودرا يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ،نازﻮﻣآ

و يزﺎﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ يزﻮﻣآ رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ شزﻮﻣآ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد شزﻮﻣآ

ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا رد رﻮﻀﺣ بادآ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ﻦﮐﺎﻣا رد رﻮﻀﺣ قﻼﺧا و يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ،هﺪﻨﯾآ نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

مﻮﯾدﺎﺘﺳا و ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ سورد نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

شزﻮﻣآ نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا شزﻮﻣآ ،نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شزرو يراداﻮﻫ و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﻤﺟ و ﻪﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻤﺋا هرﺎﺷا ،مدﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ مدﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﮥﺋارا و شزﻮﻣآ رد دﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ

بو ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ناراداﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﮑﻧ ﮥﺋارا ﺖﯾﺎﺳ

ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮥﯿﻬﺗ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺒﺛ و ﯽﻌﻗاو ناراداﻮﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ناراداﻮﻫ نﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﺎﯾ هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ رد ناراداﻮﻫ نداد ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ،ناراداﻮﻫ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ناراداﻮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯾﻮﻀﻋ ﺪﮐ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا و يراداﻮﻫ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻫﺮﻓ و يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ نﻮﻧﺎﮐ ﯽﮕﻨ

يﺎﻫ

يراداﻮﻫ ﯽﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ

ناراداﻮﻫ

شزرو ناراﺰﮔرﺎﮐ ﯽﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ هﺎﮔرﺎﮐ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ثداﻮﺣ ﯽﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ و تارﺮﻘﻣ و ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ شزﻮﻣآ ،نﺎﺠﯿﻫ و رﺎﺘﻓر لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ ي ﺖﯿﺣﻼﺻ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫرﺪﯿﻟ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ و ﺎﻫ

ﮥﺴﻠﺟ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻣ

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ نﻻﻮﺌﺴ ﺖﻬﺟ و ﺎﻫرﺪﯿﻟ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

آ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﻫد ﺎﻬﻧ

يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﻫرﺪﯿﻟ

ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ةﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺶﻧاد ﯽﻧﺎﺳرزور هرود يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا

ةﻮﺤﻧ صﻮﺼﺧ رد داﺪﯾور نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ و نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻨﻫد تﺎﻣﺪﺧ داﺮﻓا رﺎﺘﻓر ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ و ﺢﯿﺤﺻ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ةﻮﺤﻧ شزﻮﻣآ ،ﯽﺘﯿﻨﻣا دراﻮﻣ و رﺎﺘﻓر ﺶﻧاد

ﯽﯾاﺰﻓا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ

تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ

ﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ترﺎﻈﻧ ةﻮﺤﻧ شزﻮﻣآ ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺘﺤﻣ و ﻪﻧﺎﺑدﺆﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ةﻮﺤﻧ صﻮﺼﺧ رد شزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ندﺮﮐ رﺎﺘﻓر ﯽﺑﺎﺠﯾا ،ﯽﻃﺎﺧ ناﺮ

صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﺘﯿﻨﻣا يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ناراداﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﯿﻨﻣا و ﯽﻣﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور ندﻮﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

ﻪﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ يزﺎﺳ

ﺲﯿﻠﭘ يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ

سﻼﮐ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ،نارواد و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ زا ﻞﺒﻗ تﺎﯿﻗﻼﺧا نﻮﻤﻀﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻬﯿﺟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺠﯿﻫ و رﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ةﻮﺤﻧ شزﻮﻣآ ،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ياﺮﺑ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ

،نارﺎﮑﺷزرو نارواد و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ

هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ يﺮﮑﻔﻤﻫ و ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز رد ﺎﻫ

دﺎﺠﯾا ،ناﺮﮔﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺎﻫرﺪﯿﻟ ﺎﺑ نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ،يراداﻮﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﮥﺋارا و يزﺎﺳ

ﻢﯿﺗ ناراداﻮﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ و طﺎﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ ﮥﻨﯿﻣز ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

نورد تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ

ﻢﻫ و ﯽﺸﯾﺪﻧا ﻪﮑﺒﺷيزﺎﺳ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ رد حﻼﺻيذ يﺎﻫدﺎﻬﻧ و ﮓﯿﻟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﮥﮑﺒﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا ،هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻮﺟ زا عﻼﻃا رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﺷزرو هﺎﮕﺷﺎﺑ و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﻧﺎﺳر طﺎﺒﺗرا و ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ،يراداﻮﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﯾرﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ لﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﻪﻏﺪﻏد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﯾرﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ناراداﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ناراداﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ

ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﺸﺨﺑ