Designing a Model of Barriers and Cultural and Social Consequences of Women's Sports in International Competitions
Sholeh Ostad Hassan Bana 1 , Majid Soleymani 2 , Adel Afkar 3
1. Department of Sports Management, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
2. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
3. Department of Physical Education, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article type:
Research Article
Article history:
Received:
12 October 2021 Received in revised form:
13 January 2022 Accepted:
12 February 2022 Published online:
1 January 2023
Keywords:
Ali's condition, Grounded theory, Strategy, Women's Sports
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to design a model of barriers and cultural and social consequences of women's sports in international competitions.
Methods: The research method is a series of consecutive (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sports management (professors of sports management) and managers and the staffs involved in Women's Championship Sports. Using snowball sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, sampling was performed in qualitative section (24 people). Coding method was used to analyze the interview data. The statistical population of the quantitative part of this study included women athletes who had participated in international events, women vice presidents of sports federations and organizers of international sports events (384 people). To collect information in a quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part was used, which was divided into two general parts: demographic characteristics and its questions. This questionnaire consists of 69 items and in the form of 6 main components in the form of five Likert points (very high, 5 points to very low, 1 point). Structural equation method using Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the model.
Results: In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were identified in the form of 69 concept codes and all were placed in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit.
Conclusion: It is suggested to the sports managers of the country (Iran) to use the results of the researcher in order to remove the obstacles and achieve the positive consequences of the presence of women in foreign competitions.
Cite this article: Ostad Hassan Bana, Sh., Soleymani, M., & Afkar, A. (2023). Designing a Model of Barriers and Cultural and Social Consequences of Women's Sports in International Competitions. Sport Management Journal, 14 (4), 261-282.
DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSM.2022.330523.2815
© The Author(s). Publisher: University of Tehran, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health.
ExtendedAbstract
Introduction
One of the important indicators for measuring the development of any country is the status of women and the type of their participation in the environment of men, because development is not measured only in relation to the gross national product and the level of per capita income, but also factors such as political, social and public participation. People, especially women, also affect this process. Therefore, the way society deals with women is one of the important indicators of political and social development in a country. It is this approach that provides the conditions for the active presence and effective participation of women and causes the ground for more participation of women and more serious use of their power, thinking, innovation and creativity. However, with the cultural and social development of societies, the widespread presence of women in the community and their effective role in society is undeniable.
Methods
The current research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive research method and survey collection method, and based on the research approach, it was mixed. In the first stage, a qualitative method was used to build the model, and a descriptive-analytical quantitative method was used to test the model, and a correlation type based on the structural equation model was used. The mixed research method was sequential exploratory; That is, first it was qualitative and then quantitative. The tool used in this research was developed after conducting interviews and reaching theoretical saturation, which includes 69 items and in the form of 18 components, in the form of five Likert points (very much, 5 points to very little, 1 point). In the first (qualitative) part, to conduct field nterviews, the statistical population of the research included professors of sports management, sports managers, athletes and elite national coaches. These people were selected for qualitative interviews in the research topic (24 interviews with 15 people and continued until theoretical saturation). And in the second (quantitative) part, after collecting the information obtained from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire was distributed among the samples of the quantitative part.
Results
Overall model fit: The overall model includes both measurement and structural model parts, and by confirming its fit, the fit check in a model is complete. According to the three values of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 which are introduced as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, in the research model, a value greater than 0.36 was obtained, which shows the overall strong fit of the model. Therefore, in the qualitative part of the research, it was determined that the categories were determined in the form of 69 conceptual codes and were placed in the heart of the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that all 6 main components of the
research have a suitable fit, so the research model has a sufficient fit.
Conclusion
The results of the present research showed that the causes of cultural and social consequences of women's sports in overseas competitions are: 1. Sports preparation, 2. Management. The purpose of this research was to design a model of barriers and cultural and social consequences of women's sports in overseas competitions. After the Islamic revolution and with the reduction, albeit insufficient, of gender discrimination in providing appropriate services to women athletes and assigning sports facilities to women, we see their growth in the international competition scene, which in the past years winning medals has proved such an achievement. We have achieved women’s growth in sports during the Olympic Games, and considering the talent of Iranian women in the field of sports and sports competitions, we need better and specialized planning to improve the conditions and develop women's championship sports. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested that with the development of women's domestic league competitions and the increase of competitive sports festivals, the field of developing the physical fitness of female athletes will increase, and also the country's sports managers and officials should make a special effort to develop Women's Sports. Moreover, Mass communication media should boost women's interest in sports by covering more women's sports competitions.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with Research Ethical Guidelines
This article has been done considering all ethical principles.
Funding
This article is taken from the doctoral dissertation of the first person.
Authors’ Contributions
All authors have participated in designing, implementing and writing all parts of the present study.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement
This article is extracted from the doctoral dissertation with the guidance and advice of the author's professors. We would like to thank everyone who helped us with this study.
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ
ي
ﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﺴﺣ دﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﻠﻌﺷ ، 1
ﺠﻣ ﯿ ﺪ ﻠﺳ ﯿ ﻧﺎﻤ ﯽ
2
،
رﺎﮑﻓا لدﺎﻋ
3
1 . ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي اﺮﺘﮐد ي ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ﺷزرو ﯽ
، ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ﺪﺣاو ﯽ
،
،ناﺪﻤﻫ اﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار.
2 . ،لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ا
دﺎﺘﺳ ﯾ رﺎ ﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ
، ﻼﻣ ﺪﺣاو ﯾ
،ﺮ ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ
، ﻼﻣ ﯾ
،ﺮ اﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]
3.
ا دﺎﺘﺳ ﯾ رﺎ ﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ
، ﻼﻣ ﺪﺣاو ﯾ
،ﺮ ﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ
، ﻼﻣ ﯾ
،ﺮ اﯾ ناﺮ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار . [email protected]
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 20 / 07 / 1400
:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 10
/ 11 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 23 / 11 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 11 / 10 / 1401
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ
،يزﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ
،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ نﺎﻧز شزرو :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
رﻮﻀﺣ شزرو ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ رد رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ
زﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ
،دﻮﺑ ي
:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور
ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ)ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳا(ﯽﻤﮐ –
نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ
ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ هزﻮﺣ ﺖﺳد و ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و (ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﯿﺗﺎﺳا)
.دﻮﺑ نﺎﻧز ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو نارﺎﮐرﺪﻧا ﺎﺑ
هﺮﻬﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ زا شور
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻟﻮﻠﮔ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ و ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ عﺎﺒﺷا )ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ماﺪﻗا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ 24
يﺎﻫ هداد ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ .(ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺘﺳا يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ شور زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔ
ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ي
ﻪﮐ
ور رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﯾ
ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ،
ﺎﻧﯾ ﺐ ر ﯿﯾ نﺎﺴ ﺳارﺪﻓ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯿ
نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ و
ور ﯾ ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽﻣ ﯽ )ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 384 زا ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ .(ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﻠﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ
لاﺆﺳ و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ نآ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 69
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻪﯾﻮﮔ 6
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ،دﺎﯾز ﯽﻠﯿﺧ) تﺮﮑﯿﻟ يا
5 ،ﻢﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﺎﺗ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا 1
ﯽﻣ (زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻣ شور زا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌ
راﺰﻓا Smart- PLS .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺪﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ
:ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ،ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺎﻫ
69 دﺎﻌﺑا لد رد و ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ 6
ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ يﺎﺟ ﯽﻤﯾادارﺎﭘ لﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ 6
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻠﺻا ي ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ شزاﺮﺑ زا ﺶ
.ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ :يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ رﻮﺸﮐ شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ
نﺎﻧز رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻊﻓر رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺷ
ﻪﻧﺎﺳر زا ،يزﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫ
.ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﯽﺘﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ،راداﻮﻫ بﺬﺟ ،يزﺎﺳ
:دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﺴﺣ دﺎﺘﺳا ،
ﻪﻠﻌﺷ
؛ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﯿﻠﺳ ، ﺪﯿﺠﻣ و ؛ رﺎﮑﻓا ، لدﺎﻋ ) 1401 .(
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ زﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ
.ي
ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ) ،
4(
14
، 261-282 .
2022.330523.2815 JSM.
/ 10.22059 DOI: http//doi.org/
ﺎﻧ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد :ﺮﺷ ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ
. .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©
264
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ 1401
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺎﻫ
ي رﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﻫ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻢﻬﻣ
، ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ اﺮﯾز ،ﺖﺳا نادﺮﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد نﺎﻧآ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ عﻮﻧ و نﺎﻧز ﺖﯿﻌﺿو
ﻤﻧ هﺪﯿﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻧاﺮﺳ ﺪﻣآرد ﺢﻄﺳ و ﯽﻠﻣ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ،داﺮﻓا ﯽﻧﺎﮕﻤﻫ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻊﺿو ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ، صﻮﺼﺧ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ نﺎﻧز )
ﺳﻮﯾ
،ﻒ 1400 ( . ﻮﺤﻧ ،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ة
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا نﺎﻧز ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رﺎﺘﻓر و درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺖﺳا رﻮﺸﮐ ﮏﯾ رد )
هدازﺮﯿﻣ
، 1400 (.
ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نﺎﻧز ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ و لﺎﻌﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ ياﺮﺑ ار ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ةﻮﺤﻧ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻨﮐ و ﺐﺒﺳ
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ هﺮﻬﺑ و نﺎﻧز ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﺎﺗ ﮔﯿ
ﺮ ي ﺪﺟ ي ﺮﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﯿﻗﻼﺧ و عاﺪﺑا ،ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ،ترﺪﻗ زا )
ﯽﮑﺳوﺮﺘﺳا ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1
2020 ( ،ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ . دﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻀﺣ
ة ﺻﺮﻋ رد نﺎﻧز ﮥ
،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ و عﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧرﺎﮑﻧا
ﺖﺳا ) ﭻﯾوﻮﺧوزﺮﯿﻣ ،2
2021 ( و ﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد نﺎﻧز ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ نﺎﻧآ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا قﻮﻘﺣ زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ) اﺮﯾﻮﯿﻟوا يد و3
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2020
( . ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ زا ﯽﻤﯿﻧ نﺎﻧز ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻟﺎﺑ رد ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻫد
ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ دراد ) ﺲﻨﯿﮐﺮﭘ ،4
2021 (.
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و شزرو ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ نآ رد ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ و رﻮﻀﺣ ﯽﭘ رد نﺎﻧز ﻪﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻢﻬﻣ ي ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻃ دﺎﻌﺑا رد هﮋﯾو
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﮐ ناواﺮﻓ ﻞﯾﻻد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻪﻧادﺮﻣ ﯽﯾوﺮﻤﻠﻗ شزرو ،ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ لﻮﻃ رد هراﻮﻤﻫ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ -
ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
) مﻼﺳا ،5
2021 ( هدﻮﺑ ﺪﻧا د نﺎﻧز ، اﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ لﻮﻃ ر هدﺮﮑﻧ
ﺪﻧا ﺎﺗ ﺎﺷ ﯾ ﮕﺘﺴ ﯽ ﺎﻫ و ﻟﯿ ﺖﻗﺎ ﺎﻫ ﮥﺻﺮﻋ رد لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ي
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و شزرو )
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳ 1401
( ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﯾﻻد زا ﯽﮑﯾ . ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ
هدﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫزﺮﻣ ، ﻪﮐ
ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ
ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد نﺎﻧز ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﯽﻌﻨﺼﺗ )
ﺰﻤﻨﯿﻠﯾ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و6
2021 ( لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ شزرو ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
رد ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ
، رد
ﯽﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ و ﺖﺳا نﺎﻧز شزرو ﻪﺑ فﻮﻄﻌﻣ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ شﻼﺗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐراوﺪﯿﻣا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻨﯿﻣز رد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﮥ
رد شزرو
،ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ لﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ و
ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ زﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾا شزرو رد ار دﻮﺧ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ و جرﺎﺧ اوﺰﻧا زا ار نﺎﻧز شزر )
،يوﺮﯿﭘ 2017 ( . ﺎﺑ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ اﯾ
ﻪﮑﻨ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺆﻣ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯾﺪ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﯽ ﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽ
، ﻧاور ﯽ و ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد نﺎﻧز ﯽ
هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﮔﺪﻧز ﯽ ﺖﺳا ) ﺞﺳﺮﮔ ،7
2021 ( ﻪﺑ و ناﻮﻨﻋ
راﺰﺑا ي ﺪﻣارﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻘﺗرا ي ﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﮔﺪﻧز ﯽ اﯾ نﺎﺸ ﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ) ﺮﻨﻠﮔ ،8
2017 (،
ﺴﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻣ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻣا ﯿ
رﺎ ي زا
د ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﯾ ﺮﮕ ﻻد ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﻞ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ اﺮﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯾ
ﻂ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ - ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺑ ، ﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﯽ
و ﯾﮋ ة نﺎﻧز ) سرﺎﻨﺳ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و9
2013 ( ﺑﺮﻣ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﯿ
نﺎ
،ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ مﺪﻋ
ﻫﺎﮔآ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ و ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ
ﺷزرو ﯽ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ 1394
( ، ناﺮﮔ ﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا ندﻮﺑ ﯽ
دﻮﺟو و
تﻼﮑﺸﻣ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا
ي ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﮑﻟﺎﻣ 1399
(،
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻧ ﻓﺎﮐ ﯽ دﻮﺟو ،نﺎﻧز شزرو ﻪﺑ نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
رﻮﺤﻣدﺮﻣ ي
، مﺪﻋ و ﺖﻗو دﻮﺒﻤﮐ
ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ ي رد مزﻻ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺷزرو ﻦﮐﺎﻣا ﯽ
نﺎﻧز ، ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ناور ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ
، ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽ - ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽ ﺪﻣ ، ﯾﺮ ﯾﺘ ﯽ ﻬﺠﺗ و ﻦﮐﺎﻣا و ﯿ
تاﺰ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي
نﺎﻧز شزرو يﺪﺟ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ يﺎﺘﺳار رد نوﺮﺑ
ﺖﻓر ﺮﯿﺑاﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا وﯾ
هﮋ ا .دﻮﺷ هﺪﯿﺸﯾﺪﻧا ي
1. Staurowsky
2. Mirzarakhimovich
3. De Oliveira
4. Perkins
5. Aslam
6. Yenilmez
7. Gersch
8. Goellner
9. Senarath
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و
يزﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد
265
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا زا ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺻﺮﻋ رد ﺎﻣ ﮥ
ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﺿ
ﺬﭘﺎﻧرﺎﮑﻧا ﯽﺗروﺮ ﯾﺮ
زا ﯽﻤﯿﻧ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ؛ﺖﺳا
ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ نﺎﻧز ار ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻨﻫد . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻧز ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﯿﻬﻣ نﺎ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ
يﺎﻫ
يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ زوﺮﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . لﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻋ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ياﺮﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﻧز ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
نﺎ رد
ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ .دراد دﻮﺟو
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ نآ ﻞﯾﻻد ﯽﻣ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ شزرو صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ا
ي ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد نﺎﻧز ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ و
) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ 1394
( ، ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ (ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ زا ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ و يرادﺮﺴﻤﻫ) ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ 1399
(،
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ و تﻼﯿﻬﺴﺗ رد نادﺮﻣ و نﺎﻧز ﻦﯿﺑ ﺾﯿﻌﺒﺗ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺪﺒﻋ)
1400 ( .دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا هﺮﯿﻏ و و ﺎﺑ
ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟ ﺳرﺮﺑ
ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي
ترﻮﺻ رﺎﺑرد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ة
،رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا نﺎﻧز ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ
ﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻘﻓﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﯿﺧا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻧا
ﺖﯿﻣوﺮﺤﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ و ﺎﻫ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ تﺎﺒﺛا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و ﻣﺮﺑ مﺎﮔ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺪﻧراد ) رﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺦﺳار ،نا
1393 ( ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ و و
دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي
،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ نﺎﻧز رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﺮﯾا
رد ﯾﺎﺳ ﮥ بﺎﺠﺣ و فﺎﻔﻋ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا رد زﺎﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﯾﺎﯿﺳآ و ﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﻧ رد ﯽﻄﯾاﺮﺷ ترﻮﺻ
ﯽﻣ دﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﮐ ﮓﻨﺳ زاﺪﻧا ي ﺎﻫ ي رﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﻦﯾا هار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ رﻮﻀﺣ
نﺎﻧز رد ﮥﺻﺮﻋ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ .
رد ﺖﻘﯿﻘﺣ ﺎﻧز ن ﮥﺘﺴﯾﺎﺷ شزرو
ناﺮﯾا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا
بﺎﺠﺣ و ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻦﯾزاﻮﻣ
،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا ﯽﻌﻧﺎﻣ رد هار ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻓآرﺎﺨﺘﻓا نﺎﻧآ
رد ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﯽﯾﺎﯿﺳآ يﺎﻫ و
ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ) و ﯽﻤﻇﺎﮐ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1399
( ﺖﺑﺎﻗر رد نﺎﻧز ﺖﮐﺮﺷ . ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ
ود ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﮥﺘﺷر
ﯽﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻧاﺮﻘﯾﺎﻗ و يزاﺪﻧاﺮﯿﺗ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو نﻮﻨﮐا .ﺪﺷ
ﻪﺘﺷر ﺎﺒﺗﻮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ ،ل
،وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ ﺎﻗر ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ نﻮﺘﻨﯿﻣﺪﺑ و ﻪﺗارﺎﮐ ،شاﻮﮑﺳا ﯽﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ نﺎﻧز ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑ
ﻠﺌﺴﻣ .ﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ ﮥ
ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ
ﯽﻣﻼﺳا بﺎﺠﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر و ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ا
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﺮﺗ
ﯾ ﻦ ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ نز نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،دﻮﺷ
ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هزوﺮﻣا.
ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو هار ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻢﯿﺘﺴﻫ يﺮﮕﯾد تﻼﮑﺸﻣ و ﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﮓﻧﺮﻤﮐ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ و دراد راﺮﻗ
ﮥﺻﺮﻋ رد ﺎﻣ ر ﺖﺑﺎﻗر
ﺎﻫ ي
ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽ ﺴﺑ رد
ﯿ رﺎ ي ﻌﻧاﻮﻣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا ﯽ
ﺎﻘﺗرا و شﺮﺘﺴﮔ هار رد ي
دراد دﻮﺟو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو رد ﻪﮐ
اﯾ ﻦ ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﻣ ﯽ ناﻮﺗ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺳ ﯿ ﺳﺎ ﯽ
، دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ي
، ﻂﺧ ﺸﻣ ﯽ ﺖﻟود ﻮﻟوا رد ﺎﻫ ﯾ
ﺖ راﺮﻗ نداﺪﻧ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد نﺎﻧز ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ و ﯽﯾ ﺎﻧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا نﺎﻧز شزرو )
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺠﻧررﻮﭘ 1396
(.
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ 1399
ار ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ( ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﯽﮑﻠﻣ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1399
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( مﻮﺑ و ﯽﺳﺎﯿﺳ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ
ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻃ
و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺷاد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ
. ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و داﮋﻧرﺪﻨﮑﺳا 1399
ار يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و يدﺮﻓ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ( ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤﻇﺎﮐ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو يور ﺶﯿﭘ 1399
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ( يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﮏﯾﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ
ﺮﺑ شزرو ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ
ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا يرﻮﻬﻤﺟ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا
يﺪﺒﻋ .ﺖﺳا ﺖﻤﻌﻧ
دﺎﺑآ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
1400 ( شﺮﮕﻧ ﯽﺘﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺳر رد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﯽﺘﯿﺴﻨﺟ سﺎﮑﻌﻧا حﻼﺻا ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد هﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﯽﺸﯾﺪﻧازﺎﺑ موﺰﻟ و ﺎﻫ
شزرو تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زا ار
ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ . 1399
ﺰﯿﻧ ( ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ - ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺎﻫ
ي ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ
،ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ– ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ يﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ا ي و ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ي زا ار ناﺮﯾا نﺎﻧز ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ
ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ نﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽﯾ )
ﺞﯾرﻮﺴﻠﻣ ،1
2021 ( يﺮﺘﯿﻓ . ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2
2021 ار بﺎﺠﺣ ( ﻠﺌﺴﻣ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯽﻠﺻا ﮥ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ
مﺎﮕﻨﯿﻧﺎﮐ و ﻦﯿﺴﺣ .دﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺰﻧوﺪﻧا نﺎﻧز
3) 2020 .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺴﮐﺎﭘ نز نﺎﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﻟﺎﭼ ار ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﺒﺼﻌﺗ (
1. Malchrowicz
2. Fitri
3. Hussain & Cunningham
266
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ 1401
ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ و تﻼﮑﺸﻣ شزرو
ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ رد نﺎﻧز ﯿﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ نآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ
،ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ رد رﻮﺸﮐ
؛ﺖﺳا دﻮﺟو ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
يرﻮﺤﻣدﺮﻣ رد
ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ
،شزرو سﺮﺗ زا نﺪﯿﺳر ﺐﯿﺳآ ﻪﺑ
يﺎﻫدﺎﻘﺘﻋا
،ﯽﺒﻫﺬﻣ دﻮﺟو ﺮﮑﻔﺗ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ تاﺮ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﺮﺑ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ نﺎﻧز و
،هﺮﯿﻏ زا
ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد ﻣز ﻦﯾا ﯿ ﻪﻨ ﺪﻧا ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺮﻇﺎﻧ 1399
( . ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﻦﯾا ﺮﮕﯾد تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ
و ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻢﻫ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣ .
ﺑ ﯽ ﮏﺷ نﺎﻧز زا دﯾ زﺎﺑﺮ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ يدﺎﯾز
ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ هدﻮﺑ
،ﺪﻧا ﯽﮑﯾ زا ﻦﯾا
،تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ناﺪﻘﻓ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ و نﺎﮑﻣا ﻦﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ
شزرو ﺖﺳا ) ﯽﻧﺎﻀﻣر ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و داﮋﻧ 1395
( .
و لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻃ ﯽﻠﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺷر ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ شزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ رد ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﯽﻠﺧاد يﺎﻫ و
،ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ هاﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ شزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ
ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا
،ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﻧ ﺎﻣا ناﻮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو ار هﺪﯾدﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ رد ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ شزرو نادﺮﻣ ﺎﯾ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا ﺪﺷر ﯽﺑﻮﺧ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ هدﻮﺒﻧ
؛ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾازا ور يروﺮﺿ ﺖﺳا يﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ دﻮﺷ نﺎﻧز ﺎﺗ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رد ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد لاﺪﻣ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) ،ﯽﺘﻤﮑﺣ 1396 ( .
زا ﺎﺠﻧآ ﻪﮐ نﺎﻧز ﯽﻤﯿﻧ زا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ار ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻫد
ﻦﯾازا ور رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
و
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ هار يﺎﻫ ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳا نﺎﻧآ
ار راﻮﻤﻫ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ نﺎﮑﻣا رﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ رد ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ راﺪﯾﺎﭘ رد
ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﺮﺴﯿﻣ دﻮﺷ و ﻨﯿﻣز ﮥ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ نﺎﻧآ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺪﯾآ
، ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﮥﺻﺮﻋ رد نﺎﻧز ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ
ﯽﻣ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﻼﺳا و ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا مﻮﺳر و بادآ و ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﯾﻮﮔ نﺎﺑز ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ
ﺑ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ رد رﺎﮑﺷزرو نﺎﻧز ﯿ
ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﮥﺻﺮﻋ رد و
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻫد
ة
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد نز ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻦﯾا وا اﺮﯾز
ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ة ﯽﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﻦﯾا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
نﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ناﺮﯾا رد نﺎﻧز ندﻮﺑ رﻮﺠﻬﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺒﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻋدا ﻦﯾا .
ﺻ رد ﯽﺗرﻮ ﺖﺳا شزرو ﻪﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا ناﺮﺘﺧد و نﺎﻧز ﻪﮐ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ و ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ ا
ي
،ﺪﻧراد ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﯾ ﻪﮑﻨ
،ﺪﻨﻫد زوﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ داﺪﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺖﻗﺎﻃ تﺎﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻌﻧاﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﺪﻨﻤﺗرﺪﻗ نﺎﻔﯾﺮﺣ ﺎﯾ ﺎﺳﺮﻓ
ﺑور ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪ
،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﯿﻧ ور ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯿﻤﺳر ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا رﺎﮑﺷزرو نﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ نز ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
ﻮﺤﻧ و ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﻖﺣ نﺪﺷ ة
،ﺰﯿﻧ نآ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺨﺳ ﯽﺸﻟﺎﭼ
ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ راﻮﺷد و .دﻮﺷ
رد دراﻮﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا نﺎﻧز ﻪﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻧا ﺮﺳ ﺖﺸﭘ رﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﺧاد ار ﺎﻫ
ﺑ
،ﺪﻧراﺬﮕ ﮥﺻﺮﻋ رد
ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺑور ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪ
هﺪﺷ ور ﺪﻧا ) ﯽﻧﺎﻀﻣر ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و داﮋﻧ 1395
(
لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻗﻼﻋ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ
ﮥ
،ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ شزرو ﻪﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ناواﺮﻓ
،دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ و تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻞﯾﻻد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻣ
ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ ﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺪﻧا ﯿ
ﻦ ﻞﻠﻤﻟا ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﺷر ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ار دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ ؛ﺪﻨﺑﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد دﻮﺧ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ﺑور يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ و ﺎﻫ
ﻪ ور ﺘﺴﻫ .ﺪﻨ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ
رد ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا رﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺮﯿﺴﻣ
نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ زﺮﻣ
ي نآ ﺎﺑ
،ﺪﻨﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ار يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﮐ دراد هاﺮﻤﻫ
ﯽﭘ رد ﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﯾﻮﮕ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ زﺮﻣ
ي دراﻮﻣ ﻪﭼ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ي
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣ ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻪﭼ و دﻮﺷ .داد ﻪﺋارا ناﻮﺗ
شور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
رد .دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ دﺮﮑﯾور سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ و دﻮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﯿﭘ يروآدﺮﮔ ةﻮﯿﺷ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ شور ،يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ فﺪﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﮐ شور زا ﻮﮕﻟا نﻮﻣزآ ياﺮﺑ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ شور زا ﻮﮕﻟا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ،لوا ﮥﻠﺣﺮﻣ -
يﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ عﻮﻧ زا و ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗ
.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ راﺰﺑا .دﻮﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ اﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ؛دﻮﺑ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻓﺎﺸﺘﮐا عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﺘﺨﯿﻣآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺲﭘ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا 69
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻪﯾﻮﮔ 18
،ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺰﮔ ﯾ ﻪﻨ ا ي
،دﺎﯾز ﯽﻠﯿﺧ) تﺮﮑﯿﻟ 5
،ﻢﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﺎﺗ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا 1
.ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ (زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ (ﯽﻔﯿﮐ) لوا ﺶﺨﺑ رد
ﮥ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﮥ
ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرﺎﻣآ
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و
يزﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد
267
يرﻮﺸﮐ ﮥﺒﺨﻧ نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ و نارﺎﮑﺷزرو و شزرو ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ نادﺎﺘﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ
،يرﺎﯿﻌﻣ عﻮﻧ زا ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
24 ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ 15
(ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا يﺮﻈﻧ عﺎﺒﺷا ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ و ﺮﻔﻧ .
(ﯽﻤﮐ) مود ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺲﭘ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ،ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ زا هﺪﺷ
ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا و ﯽﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﺪﺷ .
ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮥ رﺎﻣآ ي ﻤﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻖ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ي
ﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﮥ ور رد رﻮﻀﺣ ﯾ
ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ﺎﻧ ،ﺪﻧا ﯾ ﺐ ﺋر ﯿ نﺎﺴ
ﺳارﺪﻓ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯿ
نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ور نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺰﮔﺮﺑ و ﯾ
ﺎﻫداﺪ ي ﺷزرو ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ ﺖﺳا لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ،يرﺎﻣآ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ .
) ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نﺎﮔرﻮﻣ 384
شور و (ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ سﺮﺘﺳد رد .دﻮﺑ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﯾاور ﯾ ،ﯽﯾاور ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﺘﻣ و ﻪﺋارا ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و دﯾ هﺎﮔﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻬﻧآ
.ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺎﭘ رد
ﯾ نﺎ يدراﻮﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﯽﻨﯿﺑزﺎﺑ و ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،نادﺎﺘﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ، ياﺮﺑ
ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﯾ حﻼﺻا ﺮﻈﻧ
ﯾﮥ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ .ﺪﺷ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ
ﺮﺘﺴﮔ ة ﯾ يﺮﯾﺬﭘراﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺎﻫ زا ﯽﮑﯾ .دراد هرﺎﺷا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي هار
ﺎﻫ ﯾ .ﺖﺳا نآ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ نداد نﺎﺸﻧ ي ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ،نآ ي
ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﺘﻓررﺎﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
هداد ﺎﻫ زا ار ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ نداد راﺮﻗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دﻮﺧ تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ نداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ هداد
ﺎﻫ ،مﺎﺧ ي ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ و دﺮﮐ ،ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ، ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ،
و ﻪﯿﻟوا فاﺪﻫا لاﺆﺳ
ﺎﻫ ار ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﺳﺮﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﺎﺑ و داد راﺮﻗ روﺎﺸﻣ و ﺎﻤﻨﻫار نادﺎﺘﺳا رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد ﺐﺣﺎﺻ
ناﺮﻈﻧ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺘﺳرد مﺎﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ي
هوﻼﻋ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ
نورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ شور زا ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﮥﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﮥﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
نورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد ﻊﻄﻘﻣ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﮏﯾ زا ،(بﺎﯾزرا) راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ود ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
؛ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﮐرﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد (راﺬﮔﺪﮐ) ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮑﻤﻫ شزﻮﻣآ
ﺎﻫ و ﻨﮑﺗ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ مزﻻ ي ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ
ﺎﻫ .ﺪﺷ هداد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا نﺎﺸﯾا ﻪﺑ
زا ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺮﻔﻧ ود ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺪﮐ ،
،دﻮﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ
» ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ « يﺎﻫﺪﮐ و ﻏﯿ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﺮ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ
» ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ «
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺤﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ . ﻪﺑ ﻖﻘ
،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻦﯾا هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺳ
نورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺪﺻرد و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ار ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ رﺎﮐ ﻣ ﯽ دور :ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﯾز لﻮﻣﺮﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ، 100تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ ˟2
ﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ
نورد ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺪﺻرد =˟ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ
يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ رد و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﯿﺣ رد ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ
ﺎﻫ ار ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮥﻠﺻﺎﻓ
8 يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ درﻮﻣ هزور
ﮥﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ .داد راﺮﻗ دﺪﺠﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
هﺪﺷ نآ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾز لوﺪﺟ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺪﺠﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ و .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
لوﺪﺟ 1 ﮥﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫﺪﮐ . جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
هﺪﺷ زا ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺪﺠﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ و
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺎﻫﺪﮐ تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ
تﺎﻘﻓاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ داﺪﻌﺗ (ﺪﺻرد) نﻮﻣزآزﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ
74 P1 28
18 7/
75
58 P2 22
14 9/
75
40 P3 16
8 80
ﻞﮐ 172
66 40
7/
76
268
و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزر 1401
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ نﻮﻣزآزﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﮑﻧآ ﻞﯿﻟد 7/
76 ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺖﺳا 6/
0 ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ ،
.دراد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﯾاور صﻮﺼﺧ رد مﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾاور ي ﯽﺠﻨﺳ وCVI
CVR1
راﺪﻘﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﯽﯾاور داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑCVR
) نادﺎﺘﺳا 7 ،(ﺮﻔﻧ 81 /0 راﺪﻘﻣ و زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑCVI
83 /0 ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاور ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ و اﺮﮔاو ﯽﯾاور .ﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﺎﻣ راﺰﺑا يﻮﺘﺤﻣ
.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ درﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺳا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ رد لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ :
1.
لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي
، 2.
رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ ي
و 3.
ﻠﮐ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ .ﯽ
شزاﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻪﺑ ﺳو ﯿﻠ ﮥ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ يﺎﻫرﺎﺑ
،ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ يﺎﻔﻟآ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﮐ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻣ .دﻮﺷ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ رﺎﺑ ﯽ زا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﮥﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﯾ هزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ نآ هزﺎﺳ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺮﮔا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ زا ﺪﻘﻣ را 4 /0
،دﻮﺷ ﺆﻣ ﯾﺪ ﻦﯾا ﺐﻠﻄﻣ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻦﯿﺑ هزﺎﺳ و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي نآ زا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو يﺎﻄﺧ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي نآ هزﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هدﻮﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ) هزاﺪﻧا
ﮔﯿ ﺮ (ي رد درﻮﻣ
نآ هزﺎﺳ .ﺖﺳا لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ و لواﺪﺟ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ رد .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا رﺎﻣآ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ ود زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد
نﺎﯿﺑ وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ زا .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ و ﮏﯿﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ي ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﯽﮕﻟﻮﭼ و ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺸﮐ ي ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هداد
ﺎﻫ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ)
ﻏﯿ ﺒﻃﺮ ﯿﻌ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ و ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا (ندﻮﺑ ﯽ لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ و ﻢﺳر و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ
هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ زا يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ و ي مﺮﻧ
ﺎﻫراﺰﻓا ي
ﮥﺨﺴﻧSPSS
24 ،
Smart PLS
ﺨﺴﻧ ﻪ 0/
2 و مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا
QDA
2Max
ﮥﺨﺴﻧ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاPro
ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ وﯾ
ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ي داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﮐ 3 /8 ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد آ
ياراد يرﺎﻣ
و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ 7/
91 .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ يﺮﺘﮐد و ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ياراد ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﺻرد 2/
29
،داﺮﻓا زا ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﮥﺘﺷر
ﻏ ﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ
ﻧﺪﺑ و ﯽ 8/
70 ﺪﺻرد ﺑﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺖ ﻧﺪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ زا .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﯽ 8/
45 و نز ﺪﺻرد 2/
54 ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ دﺮﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺷ
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻠﻐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،
10 ) دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ 75
.(ﺪﺻرد
ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ ﺪﻨﭼ ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻣ
ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﺎﺳاﺮﺑ زﺎﺑ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﯾز لواﺪﺟ رد . تﻻﻮﻘﻣ و ﯽﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ س
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ
1. Content Validity Ratio & Content Validity Index
2. Qualitative data analysis
ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و
يزﺮﻣ نوﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ رد
269
لوﺪﺟ 1 و ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يراﺬﮔﺪﮐ . ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻫد تﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﯽ
ﻒﯾدر ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ
ﻢﯿﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺪﮐ
ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ هﺪﻧﻮﺷ
1 .
ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا يزﺎﺠﻣ يﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ
P2, P6, P10
2 رد ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا رﺎﺒﺧا ﺶﺷﻮﭘ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ P1, P5, P11, P17
3 ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫداﺪﯾور يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ .
P3, P4, P6, P13
4 نﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ رﺎﮑﺷزرو نﺎﻧز ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
P1, P2, P9, P19
5 ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ .
P5, P6, P9, P15
6 ﻪﺒﺨﻧ رﺎﮑﺷزرو نﺎﻧز ﻖﯾﻮﺸﺗ .
P1, P2, P12
7 . تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا
نﺎﯾﺎﻗآ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا دﻮﺒﻧ P3, P5, P8, P14
8 ﻢﮐ نﺎﻣز .
ﺘﺧا رد ﯿ رﺎ ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا ﻦﺘﺷاد P8, P9, P10, P12
9 ﻒﯿﻌﺿ ﯽﺷزرو تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا .
P1, P3, P12, P20
10 .
ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ رﻮﺸﮐ زا جوﺮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو زا هزﺎﺟا ﺐﺴﮐ
P2, P6, P9, P13
11 رﻮﺸﮐ زا جوﺮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ زا هزﺎﺟا ﺐﺴﮐ .
P3, P9, P12, P21
12 بﺎﺠﺣ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﻪﺑ ماﺰﻟا .
P6, P9, P13
13 رد نز نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺮﺑ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ و ترﺎﻈﻧ .
نوﺮﺑ زﺮﻣ P2, P3, P11 ي
14 .
يدﺮﻓ P2, P8, P11 ﻦﺳ
15 ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو .
P8, P10, P11, P12, P13
16 ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ .
P1, P3, P5, P15, P18
17 ﻞﻐﺷ .
P5, P9, P10, P19
18 ﺪﻣآرد ناﺰﯿﻣ .
P7, P8, P13
19 . ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ
ﯽﺷزرو نﺎﯾﺎﻗآ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ندﺮﮑﻧ شزرو
P4, P5, P9, P12
20 ﺎﻗآ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو رﺎﻨﮐ رد ندﺮﮑﻧ شزرو .
P3, P6, P7, P9, P13
21 ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺎﺑ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫودرا ندﺮﮑﻧ ﺎﭘﺮﺑ .
P6, P10, P11
22 . ﻞﻤﻋ يدازآ رد ﻞﻤﻋ يدازآ ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ
ﻤﺼﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ P3, P9, P10, P11 ي
23 رد ﻞﻤﻋ يدازآ ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رﯾ ﺰ P1, P4, P7, P8 ي
24 . نﺎﻧز شﺮﮕﻧ شﻼﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﯾ نﺎﺸ ﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧﯿ ﻪﺠ P6, P7, P11, P14 ﺖﺳا
25 ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﻤﻧ ﯽ دﻮﺷ P1, P3, P5, P9
270
و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ،مرﺎﻬﭼ ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزر 1401
26 . شﺮﮕﻧ
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ شزرو P5, P6, P8, P12, P18
27 ﺖﺳا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد ﺮﻀﻣ شزرو .
P2, P3, P11
28 ﻞﺨﻣ شزرو .
نﻮﺌﺷ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣﻼﺳا P9, P10, P12
29 شﺮﮕﻧ .
ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ هدزﺎﺑ نﺎﻧز شزرو
ﻧﯿ ﺖﺴ P1, P6, P10, P22
30 نﺎﻧز شزرو .
ﺰﻫ ﯾ ﻪﻨ ﺮﺑ P3, P6, P9 ﺖﺳا
31 .
ﯽﻟﺎﻣ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐ ﮥﺟدﻮﺑ
P5, P6, P17, P21
32 ﻢﮐ ﮥﺟدﻮﺑ .
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﻫ ﯾ ﻪﻨ دﺮﮐ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو P4, P9, P10
33 ﺎﻣﺮﺳ .
ﯾﻪ راﺬﮔ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ي شزرو
ﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﻣا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾ لاﺪﻣ روآ دﻮﺟو ي
دراد P2, P10, P13
34 ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو رد ﮓﻨﯾﺮﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ .
P6, P11, P15
35 . ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ زﺎﺳ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ي P1, P3, P14
36 ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
زﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد و ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ي P3, P4, P16, P17, P20
37 ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
زﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ي ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ﺎﻫ P6, P7, P8
38 .
ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو رد ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻢﮐ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ
P5, P9, P12
39 هﺎﮕﻧ .
ﻌﺒﺗ ﯿ ﺾ ﻣآ ﯿﺰ نادﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧز شزرو ﻪﺑ P3, P7, P8
40 ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد هدزﺎﺑدوز فاﺪﻫا .
P2, P3, P6, P17
41 ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رد يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا مﺪﻋ .
P1, P2, P7
42 ﺢﯿﺤﺻ ﯽﺑﺎﯾداﺪﻌﺘﺳا مﺎﺠﻧا مﺪﻋ .
P6, P9, P10, P14
43 .
ﯽﺘﯾﺎﻤﺣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﻮﺳ زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ
P9, P11, P13
44 ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ يﻮﺳ زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
P3, P9, P18
45 يﻮﺳ زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
ﺳارﺪﻓ ﯿ نﻮ ﺎﻫ P2, P3, P5
46 شزرو ترازو يﻮﺳ زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
P1, P3, P4, P8
47 ﮏﯿﭙﻤﻟا ﯽﻠﻣ ﮥﺘﯿﻤﮐ يﻮﺳ زا ناﻮﻧﺎﺑ شزرو زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ .
P5, P9, P10
48 .
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو
نز رد ندﺮﮑﻧ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
شزرو ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﯾ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﯿﻟد
P1, P2, P8, P23
49 ﻪﺑ نز نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ندﺮﮐ دوﺪﺤﻣ .
ﺎﺑ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳاﺮﯿﻏ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﯿﻟد
كﻼﻣ ﺎﻫ (دﺎﯾز يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺻ) ﯽﺷزرو ي P6, P8, P11
50 ﺮﮕﯾد نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ نﺎﻧز ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ .
ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ P9, P12, P19, P20
51 يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ياﺮﺑ بﺎﺠﺣ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ندﻮﺑ لﻮﺒﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﯿﻏ .
ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا P5, P6, P13
52 ﯽﺑﺮﻣ .
شزرو رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺑﯿ
ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا P3, P6, P10 ﯽ