Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on The Visual Sustained Attention of ADHD Student-Athletes Fereshteh Amouzadeh

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Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on The Visual Sustained Attention of ADHD Student-Athletes

Fereshteh Amouzadeh¹ , Hadi Moradi² , Hassan Gharayagh zandi³^ , Reza Rostami⁴ , Ali Moghadamzadeh⁵

1. Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

2. Department of Machine Intelligence and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

3. Corresponding Author, Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

4. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:

[email protected]

5. Department of Curriculum Development & Instruction Methods, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received:

18 March 2022 Received in revised form:

29 November 2021 Accepted:

16 June 2022 Published online:

22 September 2022

Keywords:

ADHD student-athletes, tDCS,

visual sustained attention.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in the general and sports population. The prime objective of the current study was to compare the impact of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes.

Methods: In this study, among the 79 children diagnosed with ADHD, 45 students were randomly selected and divided into three 15-person Sham, control, and experimental groups. All subjects in the Sham and experimental groups received ten sessions of two different types of anodal and sham stimulations over the F3 area and cathode excitation over the Supraorbital (SO) area with 1 mA current for 15 minutes.

After ten sessions, each group was re-examined. After 40 days, a follow-up test was performed according to the post-test using the Continuous Performance Test, Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, and Paired Sample t-test was used to test statistical hypotheses (p≤0.05).

Results: The results revealed that applying tDCS is effective in improving the visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes.

Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that the protocol of applying 1 mA tDCS can improve the visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes.

Cite this article: Amouzadeh, F., Moradi, H., Gharayagh Zandi. H., Rostemi, R., & Moghadam Zadeh A. (2022).

Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Visual Sustained Attention of ADHD Student- Athletes. Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning, 14 (2), 17-33.

DOI:http//doi.org/10.22059/JMLM.2021.325671.1586

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can have many effects on athletes and sports participation (Han et al., 2019). Most studies showed defects in visual sustained attention in people with this disorder (Wolraich et al., 2019). Visual sustained attention is the ability to focus on an activity or visual stimulus for a long time (Sierawska et al., 2019), which has an important role in every day, sports, and, non-sports activities (Thomson et al., 2020). The researchers investigated new treatment options and tools such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (Canadyet al., 2020). The tDCS is a non-invasive and painless brain stimulation therapy that uses direct electrical currents to stimulate specific areas of the brain (Dubreuil et al., 2020).

Therefore, considering the effect of visual sustained attention on improving athletic performance and considering the existing necessities due to the contradictions of previous studies, the researchers in this study intend to examine the effect of tDCS on the visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes.

Methods

The method of the current study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design. In this study, 45 students with ADHD were randomly selected and divided into three 15-person Sham, control, and experimental groups. All subjects in the Sham and experimental groups

received ten sessions of two different types of anodal and sham stimulations over the F3 area with cathode excitation over the supraorbital (SO) area with 1 mA current for 15 minutes and after ten sessions, each group was re-examined. After 40 days, a follow-up test was performed according to the post-test using the Continuous Performance Test. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance and Paired Sample t-test was used to test statistical hypotheses (p≤0.05).

Results

Table 1 presents statistical indicators related to research variables in different groups. The analysis of the variance test with repeated measurement showed that in the within-subject effects section, the main effect of the measurement steps (Fresponse presentation error = 0.0001, Pomission error = 0.0001, ƞ2=0.26) and the interaction of measurement time the comparison with a group (Fresponse presentation error =0.0001, Pomission error

=0.0001, ƞ2=0.64) is significant in two components of continuous attention. In the following, the paired t-test was used as a follow-up test to compare visual sustained attention between the stages of the study.

The findings of the paired t-test showed that the score of the component related to visual sustained attention (error of omission) in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P error of omission =0.001) and also in the follow- up compared to the pre-test (Perror of omission=0.002) was decreased significantly in the experimental group.In addition, as a result of tDCS intervention, no significant difference was observed in the component related to visual sustained attention (omission error) of hyperactive athlete-students from post-test to follow-up (Pomission error =0.323).

Table 1. Statistical indicators of visual sustained attention in different groups

Variable group steps Mean different Standard deviation t P

visual sustained attention

Experimental Pretest-Posttest 0.40 0.84 3.546 0.001

Pretest-Follow-up 0.40 0.839 3.376 0.002

Posttest -Follow-up -0.02 0.149 -1.00 0.323

Control Pretest-Posttest 0.20 0.774 1.00 0.334

Pretest-Follow-up 0.26 0.798 1.29 0.217

Posttest -Follow-up 0.066 0.258 1.00 0.340

Sham Pretest-Posttest -0.66 0.258 -1.00 0.334

Pretest-Follow-up -0.66 0.257 -1.00 0.334

Posttest -Follow-up -0.65 0.256 -1.00 0.333

Conclusion

The results of the current study showed that tDCS has a significant effect on the visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes. The findings of this research were inconsistent with the results of Valenzuela et al. (2019), Lambez et al. (2020), and Molavi et al.

(2020) that showed transcranial stimulation does not affect sports performance and visual sustained attention of hyperactive adults and children due to the effect of learning on attention score, response timing score, reaction time and distraction factors in the environment.

Also, the findings of this research were inconsistent with the results of Kadish (2018) study in which tDCS does not affect all executive functions as a result of the dependence of the effect of brain stimulation on the arrangement of the electrodes and the intensity of the inconsistent current. The reason can be seen in the difference between the protocols. Thus, the results of the current study showed that tDCS over the F3 and SO area can improve visual sustained attention of ADHD student-athletes.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines: The present study was extracted from the doctoral dissertation approved by the research committee of the University of Tehran and with IR.UT.SPORT.REC.1399.004 ethical code is approved by the ethics committee of the Physical Education and Sports Science Research Institute. This study was conducted following voluntary participation of ADHD student-athletes, after initial interviews with participants and their parents and filling out a form of informed consent to participate in this study.

Funding: The present study is supported by Cognitive Science and Technologies Council (CSTC).

Authors’ contribution: The first author was the main researcher of this research and the second author was the supervisor. The third author was the Corresponding Author and supervisor. The fourth and fifth authors were also present as advisors.

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Conflict of interest: The authors do not express any conflict of interest in this study.

Acknowledgments: We appreciate all the participants and their parents in this study and the Educational Psychological Counseling Center.

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ﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽ ﺮﺤﺗ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ د مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ يا

ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ ﯿﺑ

ﺶ -

لﺎﻌﻓ / ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رﺎﮑﺷزرو

هدازﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﺘﺷﺮﻓ يداﺮﻣ يدﺎﻫ ، 1

يﺪﻧز قﺎﯾاﺮﻏ ﻦﺴﺣ ، 2 3

ﯽﻤﺘﺳر ﺎﺿر ، 

هداز مﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﻠﻋ ، 4 ۵

1 ، ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ رﺎﺘﻓر هوﺮﮔ . ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ [email protected]

2 . ﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ و قﺮﺑ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﮏﯿﺗﺎﺑر و ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ شﻮﻫ هوﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا

[email protected]

3 . ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ لوﺆﺴﻣ ، هوﺮﮔ ﺘﮐﺮﺣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﯽ و ﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﯽ ﺷزرو ﯽ ، ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ [email protected]

4 . هوﺮﮔ ناور ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﯽ ناور هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ [email protected]

5.

شور هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳرد ﯽ ﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﯽ

، ناور هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯿﺘ ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .ناﺮﯾا

[email protected]

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 26 /9 / 1400

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 08

/9 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 11 /9 / 1400

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 31 / 06 / 1401

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ اﺮﻓ

ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ا ي ،

يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

،

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺑﯿ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ / ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ . :ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﯿﺑ و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯽ ) ﻌﻤﺟ رد (ADHD ﯿ ﺖ ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽ ﯽﺷزرو و ارﯾ ﺞ .ﺖﺳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﯽ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ

ا ي ﺮﺑ يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﻧاد

نازﻮﻣآ ﺑﯿ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺖﺳا .

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد

ﺑ زا ﯿ ﻦ 79 ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ رﺎﮑﺷزرو لﻼﺘﺧا ياراد ﯿﺑ

ﺶ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ/لﺎﻌﻓ داﺪﻌﺗ

45 د ﺶﻧا ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ زﻮﻣآ

ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﻪﺑ ﻪﺳ هوﺮﮔ 15 ﺮﻔﻧ ي ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﻢﺷ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺴﻘﺗ

ﯿ ﻢ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ

ﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﻢﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ عﻮﻧ ود ،

ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﯽﻌﺿﻮﻣ ﮏﺗ ﺪﻧآ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ (F3)

ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ رد ﺪﺗﺎﮐ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ (SO)

تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ 1 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ ﻪﺑ و

تﺪﻣ 15 ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﻪﺴﻠﺟ هد ﯽﻃ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺲﭙﺳ

ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ دﺪﺠﻣ رﻮﻃ ﯽ

راﺮﻗ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ زور ﻞﻬﭼ

ﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﯿ ﮕ ﯿﺮ ي

ﺲﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ نﻮﻣزآ

ﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ن

(CPT) ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ زا و

نﻮﻣزآ ﺟوزt ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

) ﺪﺷ 05

≤ /0 .( p

ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ : ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ

ﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤ هزاﺪﻧا

ﮔﯿ ﺮ نﻮﻣزآ و رﺮﮑﻣ ي ﯽﺟوزt

لﺎﻤﻋا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ

ا ي ﺮﺑ مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يراﺪﯾد

ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ رﺎﮑﺷزرو لﻼﺘﺧا ياراد ﯿﺑ

ﺶ ﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ/ل ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا

هدﻮﺑ

ﺖﺳا .

ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ :ي . ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد لﺎﻤﻋا ﻞﮑﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ هﺪﻣآ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ

ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ ا ي 1 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ ،

ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﻧاد

رﺎﮑﺷزرو نازﻮﻣآ لﻼﺘﺧا ياراد

ﯿﺑ ﺶ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ/لﺎﻌﻓ دراد

.

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا

؛ﻪﺘﺷﺮﻓ ،هدازﻮﻤﻋ : ﻦﺴﺣ ،يﺪﻧز قﺎﯾاﺮﻏ ؛يدﺎﻫ ،يداﺮﻣ

؛

،ﯽﻤﺘﺳر ﺎﺿر

؛ و ﯽﻠﻋ ،هداز مﺪﻘﻣ . )

1401 .(

ﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽ ﺮﺤﺗ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﺘﺴﻣ ﻘﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ يا

دﯾ راﺪ ي ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ ﯿﺑ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ / ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ .رﺎﮑﺷزرو

،ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ و ﺪﺷر ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ 14

) 2

،(

17-33 .

2021.325671.1586

JMLM.

/ 10.22059 http//doi.org/

DOI:

ﺎﻧ :ﺮﺷ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد

. ﯽﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و

.نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟاﺮﻓ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﺶﻧاد يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ يا

... لﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯿﺑ نازﻮﻣآ

21

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ، ﯽ ﻪﺒﺨﻧ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو رد باﺮﻄﺿا و ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻊﯾﺎﺷ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ

ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﻢﻬﻣ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺨﺸﺗ

ﯿ ﺺ و ﺎﯾ نﺎﻣرد هﺪﺸﻧ ا ي

ﺶﯿﺑ لﻼﺘﺧا نﻮﭽﻤﻫ /ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﺺﻘﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ )

ﺪﻧﻮﻟ ،1

2019 او ; ﯾ

،ﺖ ﺮﻫ ﯾ ﺲ ﮔ و ﯿ نﻮﺴﺒ

2، 2014 ﺎﻣ ،رواز ؛ ﯾ

،ﻞﮑ را ﯾ ﺶ ﺮﮐ و ﯾ ﺘﺴ ﯿ ﻦ

3،

2020 (

.

لﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺺﻘﻧ/ﯽ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﻋﻮﻧ لﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﻟﻮﺤﺗ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

دﺮﻓ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﯿﻌﺿ

،ﯽﺷزرو و ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر

ﯽﺴﻨﺟ

،ﺮﻄﺧﺮﭘ فﺮﺼﻣ داﻮﻣ و گﺮﻣ ﻣو ﯿﺮ سردوز ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ و . عﻮﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻤﺨﺗ 3 -

٪5 رد لﻮﻃ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻪﻣادا

ﺖﺳا ﻊﯾﺎﺷ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻦﯿﺑ رد و دراد )

ﺲﻧﺮﭘ ﺪﻬﺘﺠﻣ ، ي

، ﺳ ﯿ تﻮﻨ و ﯾ ﻮﻧآﻮ

4، 2018 او; ﯾ ﺖ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و5

2014 ﮓﻧﺎﯾ; ،6

2020 (.

و ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻟﻻﺪﺘﺳا شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ، ﯽ

ﻣاﺎﻧ ، ﯿﺪ ي ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ، تﺰﻋ ﺲﻔﻧ و ﻖﻠﺧ ﻮﺧو ي ﺎﭘﺎﻧ ﯾ راﺪ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺶﯿﺑ لﻼﺘﺧا -

/ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺷزرو دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽ

ﻨﮐ ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ار ﺪ)

تﺮﻤﻣ و ﻦﻓرﺎﺷ ،7

2019 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺲﻨﯾﺮﭘ 2018

(.

ﺎﺑا ﯾ ﻦ لﺎﺣ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ

رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا شزرو

ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺳ تﺎﮐﺮﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯾﻊ

ﻤﺼﺗ و ﯿ ﻢ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ا ي ﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ ﯿ شﺰ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ رﺎﮑﺷزرو دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ و

دﻮﺷ ) ﺑﻮﮐﺎﺟ ﯽ وﻻ و ﯾ روﺪ

8، 2018 ﺮﭘ ؛ ﯾ ﺲﻨ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2018

ﻼﺋوﺰﻨﻟاو; ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و9

2019 او ؛ ﯾ ﺖ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2014

(.

ﻦﯾا لﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﻧاور ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﺜﻣ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯿﺑ هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ زا -

تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ،ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺬﻐﺗ

ﯾﻪ ا

،ي نزو ﻢﮐ نﺎﻣز

،ﺪﻟﻮﺗ ﺑﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ

،ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ي ﺳآ

ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻐﻣ ي رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ و ي ﺎﻫ ي رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ي دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ، ي و ﺷرﻮﻧ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯾﺪ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ رد

ﻧﺎﻣرد ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .)

نﺎﻫ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و10

2019 و ،ﻮﻟ; ﯾ

،ﻦﻤﺒ ﺮﭙﻟﺎﻫ ﯾ ﻦ ﻟ و ﯽ

11، 2019 اﺮﻟو ؛ ﯾ ﭻ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و12

2019 (.a

حﻼﺻا ﻪﺑ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ

ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و تﺎﻧﺎﺠﯿﻫ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ و ﯽﯾ ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ

دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا زا يدﺎﯾز ﺶﺨﺑ ترﺎﻬﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ ي لﺎﺣ

ﻪﮑﻧآ داﺮﻓا رد ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ رد ﺺﻘﻧ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا

هﺪﯾد يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﻫ 2019

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﻟ; 2019

ﻮﻟﺎﺳ ؛

13 ، 2017 ﺖﯾاو; ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2014

اﺮﻟو; ﯾ ﭻ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2019

(.

مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يراﺪﯾد

ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﯾ ور ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ي ﯾ ﮏ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﯾﺎ كﺮﺤﻣ يراﺪﯾد اﺮﺑ ي تﺪﻣ نﺎﻣز ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﯽ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ .ﺖﺳا ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ

ور ي ﯾ ﮏ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ اﺮﺑ ار ي تﺪﻣ ﻧﺎﻣز ﯽ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ﻪﮐ ﯿ

ﺖ ﻪﮕﻧ دﻮﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻣ

ﯽ دراد ﺘﺣ ، ﯽ كﺮﺤﻣ ﺮﮔا ﺎﻫ

ي ساﻮﺣ ﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي ﻧﯿ ﺰ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو )

ﺳ ﯿ ﺎﮑﺳواﺮ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و14

2019 ﺎﺘﺷا; ﯾ ﻦ ﺎﻣ ﯾ

،ﺮ ز ﯾ ﺮﻠﮕ ﻞﺑوﺮﺗ و

15 ، 2010 (.

مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يراﺪﯾد

رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ و ﯽﺷزرو ،هﺮﻣزور ي ﻏﯿ

ﺷزروﺮ و دراد ﯽ ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ رد ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﮏﯾ ﻆﻔﺣ ﯽﯾ

داﺮﻓا ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ دراد ﺖﻟﻻد راﺪﯾﺎﭘ و رﺮﮑﻣ ﯽﺘﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﺑ يراﺪﯾد كﺮﺤﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا

ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد لﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ نﺎﯾﻼﺘﺒﻣ

ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا

،ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ،ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رد يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﺷزرو و ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ،هﺮﻣزور ﯽﮔﺪﻧز نآ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ و كرد

1. Lund

2. White, Harris, & Gibson

3. Xaver, Michael, Erich, & Christian

4. Prince, Mojtahedi, Synnott, & Ioannou,

5. White

6. Young

7. Scharfen & Memmert

8. Jacoby & Lavidor

9. Valenzuela

10. Han

11. Luo, Weibman, Halperin, & Li

12. Wolraich

13. Salo

14. Sierawska

15. Steinmayr, Ziegler, & Träuble

(6)

،مود ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ ةرود ، ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺘﮐﺮﺣ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ و ﺪﺷر

1401

22

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا زا وﯾ

هﮋ ا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ي ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ ) ﺣرﻮﻧ ﯿﺗﺎ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و

، 2019 نﺎﺳ; ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و1

2019 نﻮﺴﻣﺎﺗ ؛ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

2020 (.

)نﻮﺴﭙﻣﺎﺗ 2020 )ﻮﻟﺎﺳ و ( 2019 تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ( مﺎﺠﻧا

هﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ عاﻮﻧا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺮﺑ

ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ و ...و هﺮﻣزور ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﯽﺿراﻮﻋ ﯽﻫاﺮﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ صﺎﺧ

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ تاﺮ ،دوﺪﺤﻣ ﺑ ﯽ راﺮﻗ

،ي

،دردﺮﺳ ﺶﭙﺗ شور ﺎﺑ ... و ﺐﻠﻗ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫ

ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) هدازﻮﻤﻋ و

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ، 1399

؛ نﻮﺳرﺪﻧا ،3

2020 ﻒﻟﺎﺑ ؛ ،4

2019

؛ ﭼﻮﺑ ﯿ

،ﻦ د ﻦﺑ ﯾﻮ ﯾﺪ سﺎﺑ و

5، 20 20

؛ ﮐ ﯽ

، ﮔﻮﮐ ،نﻮﺴﻧاﻮﺳ ﯿ

ﻞ ﺪﻫور و ،6

2019

؛

ﺎﯿﺳرﺎﮐ ،7

2020

؛ ﮐﯿ ﺮﯾ ﻮﺘ د ي ﻟوا ﯿﻮ ﯾ اﺮ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و8

2019

؛ ا ،ﻮﺒﻤﻠﮐ ﯾ

،ﻮﻠﻧﺎ ﺮﮐ و ﯾ ﻦﺴﻨﺘﺴ

9، 2019

؛ فﺎﮐ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و10

2020 ،ﻦﻟﻮﻓ ؛

ﻮﻣادآ و ،نﻮﺳﺮﻣا ،ﺰﻧﻮﺟ

11 ، 2020 سوﺮﮔ ؛ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و12

2019 ﮔﺎﻧﺎﭘ ؛ ﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿﺪ ي

13، 2017

؛ روو ي ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و14

2020

؛ ﭻﯾﺮﻟو ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و

2019

؛ نﺎﻣز و ﮓﻧوو

15 ، 2019 ( ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد فﺮﻃ زا نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ رد ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻦﯾا

لﻼﺘﺧا

ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﺑﯿ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ رﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻧﯿ زﺎ ﺪﺟ نﺎﻣرد ﻪﺑ ﯾﺪ

ﺖﺳا نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ )

ﺖﺳرﻮﺨﻧوﺮﺑ -

نﺎﻨﮐ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و16

2021

؛ ﺪﻧﺎﮐ ي

17 ، 2020

؛

، ﺎﯿﺳرﺎﮐ 2020

؛ ﺶﯾدﺎﮐ

18، 2018 ( ؛ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﻧ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد

زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺺﻘﻧ /ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا رد ﺺﻘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺰﮔ

ﯾ ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا و ﻧﺎﻣرد

ﯽ ﺪﺟ ﯾﺪ ي ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺤﺗ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻢ اﺮﻓ

ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نآ

ﺎﻫ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺶﯿﺑ

ﻟﺎﻌﻓ /ﯽ ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ار .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ نﺎﻣرد

ﺮﺤﺗ ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ (tDCS)

، ﯾ ﮏ ﺮﺤﺗ نﺎﻣرد ﯾ

ﮏ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻏﯿ ﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺮ ﯽ ﺮﺟ زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا درد نوﺪﺑ و ﯾ

نﺎ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ ﻢ اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺤﺗ ﯾ ﮏ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺰﻐﻣ صﺎﺧ ﯽ

ﺪﻨﮐ و اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣا ﮏﻤﮐ داﺮﻓا ﻣ

ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺎﺗ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ،

مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ...و

ﺪﻫد دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار )

ﻧﺎﺟﺎﻗآ ﯽ

، ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ي ﻠﻋ و ،دﺮﻓ ﯿ هداﺰ ،لدارﻮﮔ 1398 ﻧﺎﺟﺎﻗآ ؛ ﯽ

، ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ي ﻠﻋ و ،دﺮﻓ ﯿ

هداﺰ ،لدارﻮﮔ 1398 ؛

و هﺪﻨﻓﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻔﺳﻮ ﯽ

، 2020 ﺮﺑ ؛ ﯾﻠﺘ ﯿ ﮓﻨ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و19

2020

؛ ﺘﺳﺎﺑ و ،اورﺎﻣ ،ﺖﺳرﺎﭼ ﯿ

ﻦ

20، 2019

؛ ﻧد ﯿ

،نﻮﺴ ﻟ ،ﻮﺋﺎﮔ ﯿ

،ﻢ ﻮﮐآ و ،ﮓﺘﺳا ﯾﻠ

ﯽ

21،

2019

؛ لاو وﺮﺑود ،22

2020

؛ دﺎﺒﻋ ي ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1396

ﮓﻧﺎﺟ ; ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و23

2020 دوورﺎﻫ ،ﺰﺒﻣﻻ ؛ -

ﺒﻣﻮﻠﮔ ،ساﺮﮔ ﯿ

،ﮏ و

ﮑﺴﻓﻮﺳار ﯽ

24، 2020 ﻮﻟﻮﻣ ؛ ي ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 1399

ﺴﺣ ; ﯿﻨ ﯽ

، و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ

، 1398 ﻮﺳ ; ﯾ ﺎﺗﺎ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و25

2019 ،نﻮﺳﺮﺷا ،دوو ﺖﺳو ؛

ﺑور و ﺮﻠﺴﮐو ،شودﺎﮐ ﯿﺎ

26، 2019

؛

،نﺎﻣز و ﮓﻧاو 2020

(.

1. Sun

2. Thomson

3. Anderson

4. Balfe

5. Beauchaine, Ben-David, & Bos

6. Caye, Swanson, Coghill, & Rohde

7. Carroccia

8. Chierrito de Oliveira

9. Colombo, Iannello, & Christensen

10. Cuffe

11. Fullen, Jones, Emerson, & Adamou

12. Groß

13. Panagiotidi

14. Vuori

15. Wong & Zaman

16. Brunkhorst-Kanaan

17. Canady

18. Kadish

19. Breitling

20. Charest, Marois, & Bastien

21. Dennison, Gao, Lim, Stagg, & Aquili

22. Dubreuil-Vall

23. Jung

24. Lambez, Harwood-Gross, Golumbic, & Rassovsky

25. Soyata

26. Westwood Radua, Rubia

(7)

23

)هﺪﻨﻓﺎﺑ 2020 و ( ﻻﻮﺴﻨﻟاو ) 2019 ﻦﯾﺮﮔ ،(

و 1

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 20

20 ( نﻮﺴﯿﻧد ، نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و2

) 2019 ( اد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻧد ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ

ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﯾ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ نژورﺪﯿﻫ نﻮﯾ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﺎﺸﻏ زا يرﻮﺒﻋ ي ﻣ

ﯽ دﻮﺷ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ

ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﯽ دﯾ ﺮﮕ نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻻﻮﭘد ﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ

نورﻮﻧ ﺎﻫ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﯾ ﻫ يﺎ يﺰﻐﻣ ﺣاﻮﻧ رد ﯽ ﺪﻧآ دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺮﯾز و

نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻻﻮﭘﺮﭙﯿﻫ ﺣﺎﻧ

ﯿﻪ ﺪﺗﺎﮐ دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺮﯾز ﺮﺤﺗ

ﯾ ﮏ ﺬﭘ ﯾﺮ ي ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ دﺮﻓ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺰﻐﻣ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻣا دﻮﺷ

ﺑﯿ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ / ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ ار

ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ .

ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﻦﯿﺸﯿﭘ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ضراﻮﻋ

شور زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﯾ و يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ مﺪﻋ و نآ

ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ

نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺑﯿ

ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ / و ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ ﻧﯿ

زﺎ ﻪﮐ ي ﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ درﻮﻣ رد ي

ﻧﺎﻣرد ﯽ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ ا

ي يروﺮﺿ و مزﻻ

ﺖﺳا . ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ زا ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ

يا لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ آرﺎﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﯾ

شور ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺷور و ﻦﻣا ﯽ ﻢﮐ ﺮﻄﺧ ﮏﻤﮐ رد

ﻪﺑ نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺶﯿﺑ

لﺎﻌﻓ / ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ ﺎﺗ

زا ﻦﯾا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ رد ﯽﻣﺎﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯽﺷزرو دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﯽﮔﺪﻧز نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﻦﯾا

ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ

دﻮﺷ و زا فﺮﻃ

،ﺮﮕﯾد ﺎﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ

و ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻢﯿﺗ و نﺎﯿﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﻧ

ﻮﻧ و هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ و تﻼﮑﺸﻣ

نﺎﻣرد نارﺎﮑﺷزرو ﺶﯿﺑ

لﺎﻌﻓ / رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

رﯾ ﺰ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺷزرو مﺎﺠﻧا دﺮﯿﮔ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﮐ فﺪﻫ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ. ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

اﺮﻓ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ

ا ي ﺮﺑ ﺶﻧاد يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نازﻮﻣآ

ﺑﯿ ﺶ لﺎﻌﻓ رﺎﮑﺷزرو 9 ﺎﺗ 16 لﺎﺳ دﻮﺑ .

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

حﺮﻃ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ زا عﻮﻧ عﻮﻧ زا ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺒﺷ ﭘﯿ

ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ - ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﮕﯿﭘ و ﮐ

و لﺮﺘﻨ ظﺎﺤﻟزا يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ عﻮﻧ زا فﺪﻫ

ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا

79 ﺮﻔﻧ ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ رﺎﮑﺷزرو 9 ﺎﺗ 16 ﺶﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ﺺﻘﻧ /لﺎﻌﻓ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﻪ 32000 ﺶﻧاد زﻮﻣآ

رﺎﮑﺷزرو لﺎﺳ رد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ نﺎﺘﺳا

1400 - 1399 زا بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ

ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ روﺎﺸﻣ ه ر ناو ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

شزﻮﻣآ شروﺮﭘو

، ﺐﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ناور ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯽ و لﺎﺳرا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ مﺮﻓ زﺮﻧﺎﮐ

سراﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو و ﻢﻠﻌﻣ و

ﺋﺎﺗ ﯿﺪ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ هروﺎﺸﻣ

ناور ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ شزﻮﻣآ شروﺮﭘو زا .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﯾا

ﻪ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﺑ يا 45

ﺮﻔﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺼﺗ رد و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽﻓدﺎ 3

هوﺮﮔ 15 يﺮﻔﻧ

راﺮﻗ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﻢﺷ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ

رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺶﯿﺑ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ دورو يﺎﻫ ﺺﻘﻧ/ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ

ﯽﻨﺳ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ،ﻪﺟﻮﺗ 9

ﺎﺗ 16 ،لﺎﺳ ﺷ ﯾ رد ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺖﮐﺮ ﮏ

ﻪﺘﺷر

ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ و ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺿر يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺖﯿﻣوﺮﺤﻣ

زا ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻟﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺴﺣ و ﺘﮐﺮﺣ ﯽ )

،ﯽﯾﺎﻨﯿﺑﺎﻧ

،(ﯽﯾاﻮﻨﺷﺎﻧ

ﺑﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ

،عﺮﺻ) ﺑﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﻧاور

،ﯽ ﯽﻨﻫذﺪﻨﮐ و ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ي

ﻤﻌﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻠﺟ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ مﺪﻋ و(

.دﻮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﺴ

1. Green

2. Dennison

(8)

1401

24

راﺰﺑا ﮏﯿﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ مﺮﻓ :1

ياﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ﻪﮐ مﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ زا ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ي ﮔﺮﺑرد

ﯿ هﺪﻧﺮ 4 لاﺆﺳ ﺑﺎﺳ و ﻪﺘﺷر ،ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ،دﻮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻘ

.ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

نﻮﻣزآ ار ﯾ ﻪﻧﺎ ا ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ي (CPT)

:

2

رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ نﻮﻣزآ زا يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد لﺎﺳ

1956 ﻮﺗ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺪﻟوزار ﻂﺳ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ود ياراد و ارﯾ

ﻪﻧﺎ ا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ رد .ﺖﺳا ﯽﺘﻨﺳ و ي ارﯾ

ﻪﻧﺎ ا ،ي 150 كﺮﺤﻣ يراﺪﯾد ) ﯾ داﺪﻋا ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎ ( ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ 1

ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

ﻪﺑ دﺮﻓ ﻪﺋارا ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ كدﻮﮐو ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ كﺮﺤﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ هﺪﺷ رد ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺖﻗد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻫ كﺮﺤﻣ نﺪﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻨﮐ

ﻪﻤﮐد ،فﺪ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ

ﻪﺤﻔﺻ يور هﺪﺷ

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ ار رﺎﺸﻓ ﺪﻫد . نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا 4

داﺪﻌﺗ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ

يﺎﻫ

،ﺢﯿﺤﺻ يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﺎﻄﺧ ،فﺬﺣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺋارا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز ﯽﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ار

فﺬﺣ يﺎﻄﺧ .دﺮﯿﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ

ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻓد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ كﺮﺤﻣ ﯽﺨﺳﺎﭘ فﺪﻫ ﯽﻤﻧ

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد

ﺖﺳا يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رد ﺺﻘﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯾﺎﻤﻧ .

يﺎﻄﺧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺋارا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻓد ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ا هﺎﺒﺘﺷ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ فﺪﻫﺮﯿﻏ

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ يﺮﮕﺸﻧﺎﮑﺗ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ و ﺪﻫد .

هدﺮﺧ زا مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا رد ﻘﻣ

ﯿ سﺎ مﺪﻋ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ فﺬﺣ يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ

ﯽﻫد ﻪﺑ كﺮﺤﻣ

،ﺖﺳا فﺪﻫ

ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺷ

رد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ،رﺎﯿﻌﻣ و ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ

ﯿ سﺎ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا .ﺖﺳا فﺬﺣ يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ﻦﯾا

و نﺎﯿﺋﺎﺴﮐ ﺮﺛﻮﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نﻮﻣزآ

)نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1393

( 5/

0 و 92 /0 اور و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﯾ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﺑ هﻮﯿﺷ ي ﯽﯾاور يزﺎﺳ ﯽﮐﻼﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃزا ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ رﺎﺠﻨﻫ

هوﺮﮔو /ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳرﺎﻧ ﺶﯿﺑ

لﺎﻌﻓ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ توﺎﻔﺗ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ار ﻦﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ود هوﺮﮔ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ) دﺎﻫ ﯾ نﺎ رﺎﺠﻧ ،دﺮﻓ ﯾ

،نﺎ ﻦﮐﺮﮑﺷ

ﺑاﺮﻬﻣ و ﯽ ،ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ هداز 1380

( .

هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ مﺎﻧﺎﺑ3

يرﺎﺠﺗ ﺘﺳاورﻮﻧ ﯿ

4 ﻢ

:

ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ

ﻦﯿﻟوا رﺎﺑ رد ناﺮﯾا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ و

رد لﺎﺳ 2015 ﻪﻧاور رازﺎﺑ هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا ياراد دو لﺎﻧﺎﮐ

،اﺰﺠﻣ يﺮﺗﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ژرﺎﺷ و ﺮﮕﺸﯾﺎﻤﻧ لا ﯽﺳ يد ﺖﺳا ﺮﻫ . لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ زا يﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺖﺳا و تﺪﺷ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ زا 1 ﺎﺗ

2 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ ﺖﺳا ياراد هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ . 2

دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮓﻧر) ﺪﻧآ (ﺰﻣﺮﻗ

و دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮓﻧر) ﺪﺗﺎﮐ (ﺪﯿﻔﺳ

و ود ﭘﺪ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ و گرﺰﺑ ﺖﺳا

ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ نآ دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ود هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻦﯾا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﻪﺋارا ياﺮﺑ ﻌﺗ

ﯿﯿ ﻦ هﺪﺷ راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ ﺪﻧﺮ ﺘﻧا ﺎﺑ و نﺎﯾﺮﺟ تﺪﻣ و تﺪﺷ و عﻮﻧ بﺎﺨ

ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻌﺗ

ﯿﯿ ﻦ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ زﺎﻏآ نﺎﻣز نﺪﺷ يﺮﭙﺳ زا ﺲﭘ و ﺪﻨﮐ ﻌﺗ

ﯿﯿ ﻦ هﺪﺷ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻊﻄﻗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ .)

و هﺪﻨﻓﺎﺑ

،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﯾ 2020 (

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ياﺮﺟا ﺪﻧور

رد اﺪﺘﺑا ﺲﭘ زا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ مزﻻ يﺎﻫ

هرادا ﻞﮐ شزﻮﻣآ شروﺮﭘو

،نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ا ي ﺎﺑ د ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺶﻧا نازﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺋارا فﺪﻫ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ياﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﯾا و مﺎﺠﻧا ﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺷ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ مزﻻ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻦﯾا

طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻤﮑﺗ مﺮﻓ ﺎﺿر ﯾ ﺖ ﻣﺎﻧ ﮥ

،ﯽﺒﺘﮐ ﺎﻨﺷآ نﺪﺷ فﺪﻫﺎﺑ

،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ياﺮﺟا

ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﻪﻤﺠﻤﺟ اﺮﻓ ا

ي ﺎﻨﺷآ و ﯽﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ياﺮﺟا ﻞﺤﻣ دﻮﺑ

.

1. .Demographic profile form

2. Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

3. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

4. Neurostim2

(9)

25

ﺲﭙﺳ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ 3

هوﺮﮔ 15 هوﺮﮔ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﻢﺷ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺮﻔﻧ ﺎﻫ

سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ

10 -

20 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ عﻮﻧ ود ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﯽﻌﺿﻮﻣ ﮏﺗ ﺪﻧآ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ

)

3

(F

ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ رد ﺪﺗﺎﮐ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ1

) (SO

تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ2

ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ

1 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و 15

ﻪﺴﻠﺟ هد ﯽﻃ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ نﺎﯿﻣ رد زور ﮏﯾ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ مﺎﻧﺎﺑ

يرﺎﺠﺗ ﺘﺳاورﻮﻧ ﯿ ﻢ

2 ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد رد ﯽﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ زا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ .

هوﺮﮔ ﻢﺷ نداد راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫدوﺮﺘﮑﻟا

ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ و نﺎﻣز هوﺮﮔ )ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﻌﺿﻮﻣ ﮏﺗ ﺪﻧآ

ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ و )

(F3

ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ رد ﺪﺗﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ )

(SO

تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ 1 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺮﭙﻣآ (

،دﻮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا توﺎﻔﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺲﭘ

زا 30 ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

ﻊﻄﻗ ﯽﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻦﯾا و ﺪﺷ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ زا ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻋﻼﻃا

ﭻﯿﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ و دﻮﺑ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ

ا ي .دﺮﮑﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد

زا ﺲﭘ 10

،ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ هوﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﯽ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ و لوا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا و ﺗ

ﻂﺳﻮ نﻮﻣزآ ارﯾ ﻪﻧﺎ ا ي

ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا

سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﭘ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﮕﯿﭘ نﻮﻣزآ زور هد و هﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ يﺮﯿ

ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ اﺮﺟا

.ﺪﺷ

يرﺎﻣآ شور

ياﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﺰﺠﺗ

ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ زا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ و فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ رﺎﻣآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ و ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ

هداد ﺎﻫ زا

ﭘﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ ﯿ

ووﺮ ﯾ ﮏﻠ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

،ﻦﯾاﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ

هداد ﺎﻫ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ زا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا رﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراوﻮﮐ

ﺎﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ رﺮﮑﻣ

3 نﻮﻣزآ و ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﮐذ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺟوزt

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ .ﺪﺷ هداد

ﺎﻫ مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﭘ.سا راﺰﻓا

ﯽ سا.سا.

4 ﺨﺴﻧ ﮥ 26 ﺢﻄﺳ رد

ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ي 05 /0 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ،ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ي هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ

ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ 10

ﺮﺴﭘ و 5 و ﺮﺘﺧد ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻪﺘﺷر ﺷزرو ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽ 1 ،ﮏﯿﺘﺳﺎﻨﻤﯾژ ﺮﻔﻧ 1

ﺮﻔﻧ

،وﺪﻧاﻮﮑﺗ 8 ﻪﺗارﺎﮐ ﺮﻔﻧ و

5 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ و دﻮﺑ ودﻮﺟ ﺮﻔﻧ ﯽﺷزرو ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و ﻦﺳ يﺎﻫ

هوﺮﮔ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ

40 / 1±47 / 11 و 34

± /2 0/

2 ﻢﺷ هوﺮﮔ رد ، لﺎﺳ 35

± /1 60 / 11 و 28

± /0 93 /1 لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ رد و 35

± /1 6/

11 و 33

± /0 26 /2 لﺎﺳ

.ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺿﺮﻓ

ﯿﻪ ﺎﻫ رد لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ و فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻢﺷ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ و

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﺆﻣ ﻪﻔﻟ ﺎﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ نﻮﻣزآ ي

) ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي

،ﺢﯿﺤﺻ يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ يﺎﻫﺎﻄﺧ ،فﺬﺣ ﻪﺋارا

و ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ (ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ

فﺬﺣ يﺎﻄﺧ ﻧ

مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯾﺎﻤ

يراﺪﯾد ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

. ١

3 ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑF ١٠

- ٢٠ ﭗﭼ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ DLFPC .ﺖﺳا

. ٢

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑSO ١٠

- ٢٠ .ﺖﺳا وﺮﺑا یﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳار ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ

3. Repeated measure MANCOVA

4. Spss

(10)

1401

26

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ نﻮﻣزآ رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﻢﺷ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ

ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي نﻮﻣزآ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ

نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ ي ﻢﺷ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و

هوﺮﮔ آ ﺶﯾﺎﻣز رد ﭘﯿ ﺶ نﻮﻣزآ

،

ًﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ

ﺮﮕﯾﺪﻤﻫ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا

، ﯽﻟو رد ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ

؛يﺮﯿﮕﯿﭘ و ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ

هوﺮﮔ تاﺮﻤﻧ آ

،ﺶﯾﺎﻣز ﺮﺘﻤﮐ زا ﻢﺷ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ و دﻮﺑ رد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﻢﺷ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ يﺮﯿﮕﯿﭘ و ﺮﻘﺗ

ﯾًﺎﺒ ﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺑ .

) ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد 3

ﺎﺑ (هوﺮﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﺶﯿﭘ) يراﺮﮑﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ نﻮﻣزآ

- ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ - (يﺮﯿﮕﯿﭘ

نﺎﻣرد زا ﺲﭘ يراﺪﯾد مواﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ رد يﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﯾآ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷدﺎﺠﯾا

ﺎﯾآ دﺎﺠﯾا ترﻮﺻ رد و ﺮﯿﺧ ﺎﯾ ؟ﺖﺳا

لوﺪﺟ رد نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ؟ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ رﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ 2

ﺶﯿﭘ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراوﻮﮐ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا لوا ضﺮﻓ

ﺪﻋ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ م ) ﺲﮐﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ يراد

125 /0 , P=

476 /1 هداد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراوﻮﮐ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ،(F=

ﺶﯿﭘ .ﺖﺳا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا مود ضﺮﻓ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ مﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﺧﻮﻣ ﺖﯾوﺮﮐ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﻞﺻا ﻦﯾا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﺐﮐﺮﻣ نرﺎﻘﺗ ﻞﺻا نﻮﻣزآ ندﻮﺑ راد

) ﯽﻠﺧﻮﻣ ﺖﯾوﺮﮐ 0001

/0

=

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،(P

يﺎﻫ ) (F

ﺮﺴﯿﮔ سوﺎﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﮔ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ شراﺰﮔ1

تاﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .ﺪﺷ

ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ،ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﻮﻟ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻄﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﭻﯿﻫ ياﺮﺑF

ﮏﯾ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ زا نورد يﺎﻫ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ

) ﺖﺴﯿﻧ راد 951

/0

=

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺋارا يﺎﻄﺧ

،P

380 / 0

=

فﺬﺣ يﺎﻄﺧ

،P

887 /0

=

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﯿﺤﺻ يﺎﻫ

،P

888 /0

=

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز

(P

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﯾا و هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﯽﻨﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﺿوﺮﻔﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد

.ﺖﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

1. Greenhouse-Geisser

ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ﺶﯿﭘ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ

نﻮﻣزآ نﻮﻣزآ

ﭘﯿ ﮕ ﯿ ﺮ ي

ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻢﺷ

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ

ﻢﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ

ﻢﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

فﺬﺣ يﺎﻄﺧ

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ 80

/ 2 80

/ 2 00

/ 3 46

/ 1 80

/ 2 80

/ 2 400

/ 1 86 / 2 73

/ 2

رﺎﯿﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا 327

/ 0 327 / 0 352 / 0 273 / 0 326 / 0 326 / 0 254 / 0 321 / 0 300 / 0

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺋارا يﺎﻄﺧ

/ 2 73

/ 2 60

/ 2 800

/ 1 73 / 2 73

/ 2 73

/ 1 73

/ 2 73

/ 2

/ 0 300 / 0 321 / 0 311 / 0 300 / 0 300 / 0 300 / 0 300 / 0 300 / 0

ﺦﺳﺎﭘﺎﻫﺖﺳرد ي

/ 144 8/

144 47

/ 144 47

/ 144 80

/ 144 47

/ 144 60

/ 144 20

/ 144 33

/ 144

/ 0 538 / 0 624 / 0 624 / 0 536 / 0 624 / 0 33 / 1 611

/ 0 622 / 0

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز

/ 490 87

/ 489 93

/ 489 439

/ 93 93 / 498 93

/ 498 400

/ 446 93 / 489 93

/ 489

/ 2 412 / 2 425 / 2 385 / 2 423 / 2 425 / 2 963 / 1 42 / 2 425

/ 2