Implementation of
Anaerobic Digestion in Industry Organic
Wastewater Treatment
OU, Xunmin
School of Pubic Policy & Management, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, the People’s Republic of China
0. Index
• 1. From the dinosaur to methane
• 2. Biogas
• 3. AD’s introduction
• 4. AD in the world
• 5. IOW resources in China
• 6. AD’s application of IOW in China
• 7. Potential CDM project
1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing
• Dominant in the world!!!
• Why Extinguishing ?
1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing
• Their odors gas broken wind
• Methane is a kind of gas and CH4 is its structural formula
CH4
CH4
1. The dinosaur’s extinguishing
• Methane is a potent greenhouse gas
(GHG).According to authorities, the 100- year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is estimated to be 21times greater than the same mass of carbon dioxide.
• The need to control biogas and landfill gas emissions has been the topic of much recent international environmental discussion.
2. Biogas
• a mixture of methane (60%) and carbon dioxide.
• very little excess sludge is produced.
Biogas is formed solely through the activity of bacteria.
• During the burning, 1 M3 biogas can produce 23000KJ that is approximately equal to 1kg coal’s.
3. AD’s introduction
• THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Aerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion sludge
sludge
Organic material + Oxygen
Organic material
3. AD’s introduction
• WHY AEROBIC DIGESTION?
• Benefits!
– WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS – ENERGY BENEFITS
– ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS – ECONOMIC BENEFITS
3. AD’s introduction
•WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS
• Natural waste treatment process
• Requires less land than aerobic composting or landfilling
• Reduces disposed waste volume and weight to be landfilled
3. AD’s introduction
ENERGY BENEFITS
• Net energy producing process
• Generate high quality renewable fuel
• Biogas proven in numerous end-use
applications
3. AD’s introduction
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• Significantly reduces carbon dioxide and methane emissions
• Eliminates odours
• Produces a sanitised compost and nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer
• Maximises recycling benefits
3. AD’s introduction
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
AD is more cost-effective than
other treatment options from a life-
cycle perspective
4. AD Plant in the world
Number
• 125 AD plants operating
• further 35 under construction
• The total annual installed capacity is more than 5 million tones.
• This has the potential to generate 600 MW of electricity. A considerable number of AD plants are also being planned.
4. AD Plant in the world
Feedstock
• SEWAGE SLUDGE
• AGRICULTURAL WASTES
• MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES
• INDUSTRIAL WASTES
4. AD Plant in the world
Sector Percentage
%
Food 40
Brewery and soft
drinks 25
Distillery 12
Pulp and paper 9
Chemicals 7
Various 7
4. AD Plant in the world
Equipment Percentag e %
UASB 60
CSTR 10
EGSB 10
Anaerobic
filter 8
Lagoon 8
Hybrid 4
Ruidised
Bed 4
5. IOW resources in China
Total volume of industrial wastewater discharged
19.420 billion tons
COD content 7.045 million
tons
BOD content 5.20 million tons
Volume to be treated by AD 2.2 billion M3 Biogas from the AD 6.0 billion M3
annually
Energy from the biogas TCE 4.284 million annually
According to the official report
5. IOW resources in China
Present
• In 1998, there were over 200 projects for animal manure and 450 projects for IOW.
The biogas outputs of these projects are 0.32 and 0.06 billion M3.
5. IOW resources in China
• 2000-2015 national environmental protection fifth plan:
• COD will be reduced by 10%.
• Main organic pollution industry:
– In food processing light industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 10%.
– In papermaking and paper products industry, the discharged volume will be reduced by 11%.
• The goal of the EP produces a broad perspective for the development of the AD engineering,
especially in OIWT.
5. IOW resources in China
• In the plan:
• z To deploy the good skilled-experience of the biogas engineering construction
• z To improve the R&D, process technology level
• z To enforce the capability of the automatic controlling
• In 2015 and in the whole country 2500 middle- and large-size biogas-engineering projects will be existed for treatment and utilization of the OIW, with the capability of 4 billion m3 biogas annually.
5. IOW resources in China
• Definition:middle- and large-size biogas- engineering project’s volume is at and above 100 m3.
• Here, For each project:
• z Volume: 1500 m3，
• z Ratio of Volume to biogas: 3 m3/ m3.d,
• z Biogas produced: annual 1.60 million m3
• z The energy of biogas 0.714tce/1,000 m3 (calculating with the biogas thermal capability of 21MJ/ m3)
• z Coal to be substituted by biogas 8.57kgce/ m3 (efficiency can be up 20%)
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
biogas capacity of OIW biogas project （billion m3）
Year 2005 2010 2015
Amount 1.28 2.40 4.00
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Energy benefit---1, 000 m3 industrial biogas =71.4TCE(from the heat content) or =8.57TCE(from the heat produced)
Energy benefit of OIW biogas project
2005
Project Coal
equilibrium Number Billion
m3 Million TCE
800 1.28 1.097
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
2010
Project Coal equilibrium
Number Billion m3 Million TCE
1500 2.4 2.0568
2015
Project Coal equilibrium
Number Billion m3 Million TCE
2500 4.0 3.428
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Economic merits (billion RMB)
2005 2010 2015
Biogas of the project 0.998 1.872 3.12
Manufacture,
Construction, I/M 0.650 0.91 1.30
Total 1.648 2.782 4.42
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Employment Opportunity (person)
2005 2010 2015
Biogas of the project 1 9 8 0
2 3 7 1 4
3 6 1 9 0
5 Manufacture,
Construction, I/M 1 3 7 8
7 1 9 3 0
1 2 7 5 7
3
Total 3 3 5 8
9 5 6 4 4
4 8 9 4 7
8
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Environmental benefit
year 2005 2010 2015
CO2 reduction（1,000 t－ c）
98.7 185.0 308.5
SO2，NOX，soot
reduction（1,000 t）
53.7 100.8 168.0
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Projection of above commercial plan（2015 yr）
Direct energy benefit
Direc t econo mic benef it
Environmental benefit Employment Opportunity
CO2reduct
ion SO2，NOX， soot
IOW biogas
project 3 . 4 2 8 billion TCE
4.420 billion RMB
308,000 t
－c 168,000 t 89478 person
6. The benefits in AD’s application of IOW in China
Funding this commercial plan is a barrier
Funding requirement （billion RMB）
2005 2010 2 0 1
5 Total
Project 2.5 3.5 5.0 11.0
Capability of operation and
construction 0.08
7 0.11
6 0.14
5 0.348
Total 2.58
7 3.61
6 5.14
5 11.34
8
7. Potential CDM project
• Environmental benefit locally and globally: CO2 and CH4’s reduction
• Sustainable development in China
• Fund and technology’s inputting from developed countries