DIRECTIVE 2009/29/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL. 2) The final objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was adopted on behalf of the European Community by Council Decision 94/69/EC(5) OJ L p. 11., is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interventions in the climate system. In order to keep climate change below 2ºC, the European Council reaffirmed in February 2011 the EU's objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 compared to 1990, within the framework of the necessary reductions according to.
This is in line with the position endorsed by world leaders in the Copenhagen and Cancun agreements. Some Member States have already taken steps in this direction or are in the process of doing so, including setting emissions reductions. THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Energy roadmap 2050 /* COM/2011/0885 final.
Human well-being, industrial competitiveness and the general functioning of society depend on safe, reliable, sustainable and affordable energy. The EU has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050, as part of the reductions required by developed countries as a group. In this 2050 Energy Plan, the Commission explores the challenges of meeting the EU's decarbonisation target while ensuring security of energy supply and.
Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 80% by 2050 will put particular pressure on energy systems.
DSO TSO
DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
April 2009 20%
Without prejudice to the supply of electricity based on contractual obligations, including those arising from tender specifications, the transmission system operator, where it has such a function, shall be responsible for the dispatch of generating installations in its area and for determining the use of connectors with other systems. Transmission system operators shall procure the energy they use to cover energy losses and reserve capacity in their system according to transparent, non-discriminatory and market-based procedures whenever they have such a function.
Flow-Based Pricing
The fictional contract path
Article 22(Directive2009/72/EC)
Transmission system operators shall annually submit to the regulatory authority a ten-year network development plan based on existing and forecast supply and demand, after consultation with all relevant stakeholders. The transmission system operator shall not have the right to refuse the connection of a new power plant on the grounds of possible future limitations of the available network capacities, such as congestion in remote parts of the transmission system. The transmission system operator shall not have the right to refuse a new connection point on the grounds that this will lead to additional costs associated with the necessary capacity increase of system elements in the vicinity of the connection point.
3. When preparing the ten-year network development plan, the transmission system operator shall make reasonable assumptions about the development of generation, supply, energy storage, consumption and exchange with other countries, taking into account investment plans for regional and Union-wide networks. In circumstances where the transmission system operator, other than for compelling reasons beyond its control, does not implement an investment that should have been carried out in the following three years according to the ten-year network development plan, Member States shall ensure that the The regulatory authority is obliged to carry out at least one of take the following measures to ensure that the investment in question is made if it is still relevant on the basis of the most recent ten-year network development plan: (a) require the transmission system operator to carry out the investments in question; Where the regulatory authority has exercised its powers under the first subparagraph of paragraph 7, the relevant tariff regulations shall cover the costs of the investments in question.
The Union-wide network development plan referred to in Article 27 (1) (b) shall include integrated network modeling, scenario development and a system sustainability assessment. Network congestion problems will be addressed with non-discriminatory market-based solutions that provide efficient economic signals to the market participants and transmission system operators involved. Network congestion problems are preferably solved by methods that are not based on transactions, that is, methods that do not involve a selection between contracts of individual market participants. the transmission system operator shall take into account the effect of these measures on adjacent control areas and coordinate these measures with other affected ones. transmission system operators as provided in the Regulation.
Transaction reduction procedures shall only be used in emergency situations where the transmission system operator must act quickly and re-dispatching or counter-trading is not possible. Market participants must inform the relevant transmission system operators a reasonable time before the relevant operating period if they intend to do so. The safety, operational and scheduling standards used by transmission system operators will be made public.
The published information includes a general scheme for calculating the total transmission capacity and the transmission reliability margin based on the electrical and physical characteristics of the network. The transmission system operators shall publish estimates of available transmission capacity for each day, indicating any available transmission capacity already reserved. publications are made at specified intervals before the day of transport and include at least estimates for the week and the month, as well as: quantitative indication of the expected reliability of the available capacity. Member States shall ensure that transmission system operators and distribution system operators, when purchasing ancillary services, treat demand response providers, including independent aggregators, in a non-discriminatory manner on the basis of their technical capabilities.
Directive2009/72/EC 2016
Member States shall ensure that end customers:. a) is entitled to produce, store, consume and sell self-produced electricity on all organized markets. individually or through aggregators without being subject to disproportionately burdensome procedures and fees that do not reflect costs. Member States shall ensure that local energy communities:. a) is entitled to own, establish or lease community networks and to independently manage them. Member States shall ensure that national regulatory authorities encourage end customers, including those offering demand response through aggregators, to participate with producers in a non-discriminatory manner in all organized markets.
Resources that are constrained or reallocated are selected from generation or consumption facilities that submit bids for constraint or reallocation using market mechanisms and receive financial compensation. Non-market throttling or re-dispatching. generation or redispatching demand adjustment shall only be used if no market alternative is available, where all available market resources have been used, or where the number of generation or demand devices available in an area where there are adequate generation or demand devices for service provision is too low to ensure effective competition. Limitation or re-dispatching of renewable energy sources or high-efficiency cogeneration is subject to compensation in accordance with paragraph 6. Taking into account the requirements related to maintaining the reliability and security of the network, which is based on transparency and non-transparency. discriminatory criteria determined by competent national authorities, transmission system operators and distribution system operators:
This does not prevent grid planning from taking into account limited curtailment or redispatch where this proves to be more economically efficient and does not exceed 5% of installed capacity using renewable energy sources or high-efficiency cogeneration in their area. If non-market curtailment or redispatching is used, it shall be subject to financial compensation from the system operator requesting the curtailment or redispatching to the owner of the curtailed or redispatched generation or demand facility. Financial compensation must at least correspond to the highest of the following elements:. a) additional operating costs caused by the curtailment or redeployment, such as additional fuel costs in the case of upward redispatch or backup heat supply in the case of downward redispatching or curtailment of production facilities using high-efficiency cogeneration.
Where financial support is provided to generation or demand facilities based on the volume of electricity generated or consumed, lost financial support will be considered part of the net income.
DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN
RES Integration – Final Report