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Grade 5 Mathematics Instruction Plan - Tsukuba

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Grade 5 Mathematics Instruction Plan

I n s t r u c t o r : Ya s u h i r o H o s o m i z u , U n i v e r s i t y o f Ts u k u b a E l e m e n t a r y S c h o o l

R e s e a r c h

T h e m e H o w t o d e v e l o p l e s s o n s d e s i g n e d t o f o s t e r s t u d e n t s ’ s e c u r e a c a d e m i c a b i l i t y t h r o u g h r e l i s h i n g t h e j o y o f t h i n k i n g

1 . T h e t o p i c o f t h e l e s s o n : A r e a o f t h e c i r c l e

2 . R e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e r e s e a r c h t h e m e a n d t h e l e s s o n

T h r o u g h t e a c h i n g m a t h e m a t i c s , I w o u l d l i k e m y s t u d e n t s t o d e v e l o p ‘ s e c u r e a b i l i t y ’ f o r f i n d i n g p r o b l e m s o n t h e i r o w n , s t u d y i n g b y t h e m s e l v e s , t h i n k i n g , m a k i n g d e c i s i o n s , a n d e x e c u t i n g t h o s e d e c i s i o n s . M o r e o v e r, I w o u l d l i k e t o h e l p m y s t u d e n t s l i k e m a t h e m a t i c s a s w e l l a s e n j o y t h i n k i n g .

I c h o s e t h i s t h e m e s o t h a t I c a n f i n d a w a y t o d e s i g n l e s s o n s t h a t h e l p m y s t u d e n t s t o c u l t i v a t e t h e s e f e e l i n g s .

S p e c i f i c a l l y, t h e f o l l o w i n g a r e m y i d e a s t o p u r s u e t h e t h e m e . ( 1 ) T h i n k a b o u t m u l t i p l e w a y s t o f i n d t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e

W h e n f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e , I w o u l d l i k e m y s t u d e n t s t o e x p e r i e n c e m u l t i p l e a p p r o a c h e s t o d o s o . T h e s e a p p r o a c h e s i n c l u d e w a y s s u c h a s c o u n t i n g t h e n u m b e r o f t h e u n i t s q u a r e s w i t h t h e a r e a o f 1 c m2 o n g r i d p a p e r ( i d e a o f t h e u n i t s q u a r e ) , a p p r o x i m a t i n g t h e a r e a o f t h e c i r c l e b y u s i n g a n i n s c r i b e d r e g u l a r p o l y g o n a n d a c i r c u m s c r i b e d r e g u l a r p o l y g o n ( s u c c e s s i v e a p p r o x i m a t i o n ) , a n d s e g m e n t i n g a c i r c l e i n t o b a s i c s h a p e s s o t h e a r e a c a n b e f o u n d u s i n g t h e p r e v i o u s l y l e a r n e d f o r m u l a s f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f s h a p e s ( c o m p o s i n g a n d d e c o m p o s i n g , i d e a o f l i m i t ) .

T h i s l e s s o n i s d e s i g n e d f o r s t u d e n t s t o d e v e l o p t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e b y u s i n g t h e a p p r o a c h o f s e g m e n t i n g a c i r c l e i n t o b a s i c s h a p e s . P r i o r t o t h i s l e s s o n , t h e s t u d e n t s a l r e a d y e x p e r i e n c e d t h e t w o o t h e r a p p r o a c h e s t o f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e : a p p r o x i m a t i n g f r o m t h e n u m b e r o f 1 c m2 u n i t s q u a r e s i n t h e c i r c l e ; a n d f r o m t h e a r e a o f a n i n s c r i b e d s q u a r e a n d a

c i r c u m s c r i b e d s q u a r e .

T h e s t u d e n t s ’ t e x t b o o k s h o w s t h e d i a g r a m o f s e g m e n t i n g a c i r c l e i n t o s e c t o r s a n d r e a r r a n g i n g t h e m t o m a k e a p a r a l l e l o g r a m i n o r d e r t o u s e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f p a r a l l e l o g r a m . I t a l s o s h o w s t h e d i a g r a m s o f t h e c i r c l e s e g m e n t e d b y 1 6 c o n g r u e n t s e c t o r s , 3 2 c o n g r u e n t s e c t o r s , a n d 6 4 c o n g r u e n t s e c t o r s . B y s h o w i n g t h a t t h e r e a r r a n g e d s h a p e

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a l m o s t b e c o m e s a p a r a l l e l o g r a m , t h e t e x t b o o k s h o w s t h a t t h e a r e a o f c i r c l e c a n b e f o u n d b y u s i n g t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f t h e p a r a l l e l o g r a m a n d d e r i v i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a , A r e a o f c i r c l e =

!

Radius"Radius"#.

( 2 ) D e r i v i n g t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e t h r o u g h a c t i v i t i e s s u c h a s e x p r e s s i n g a n d i n t e r p r e t i n g i d e a s b y u s i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s

I n t h i s l e s s o n , s t u d e n t s w i l l h a v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o f i n d t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e b y r e a r r a n g i n g t h e s e c t o r s . T h e s e s e c t o r s a r e m a d e f r o m a c i r c l e b y s e g m e n t i n g i t i n t o 8 c o n g r u e n t p a r t s , s o t h a t t h e p r e v i o u s l y l e a r n e d f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a c a n b e u s e d . T h e n , t h e s t u d e n t s w i l l d e r i v e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f t h e c i r c l e f r o m t h e m . B e c a u s e m a n i p u l a t i n g a m a t h e m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n i s v e r y u s e f u l d u r i n g t h i s p r o c e s s , I w i l l e m p h a s i z e t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f e x p r e s s i n g a n d i n t e r p r e t i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s .

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÷2 3 .  U n i t p l a n  (C i r c l e , t o t a l 1 0 l e s s o n p e r i o d s)

1 s t s e c t i o n C i r c l e a n d r e g u l a r p o l y g o n s ( 2 l e s s o n p e r i o d s ) 2 n d s e c t i o n L e n g t h o f c i r c u m f e r e n c e ( 3 l e s s o n p e r i o d s )

3 r d s e c t i o n A r e a o f c i r c l e ( 3 l e s s o n p e r i o d s ) t o d a y ’ s l e s s o n 2 / 3 4 t h s e c t i o n S u m m a r y a n d a p p l i c a t i o n ( 2 l e s s o n p e r i o d s )

4 .  G o a l o f t h e l e s s o n   1 )   G o a l

S t u d e n t s w i l l b e a b l e t o c o m e u p w i t h w a y s t o f i n d t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e b y r e a r r a n g i n g t h e s h a p e o f t h e c i r c l e s o t h a t t h e y c a n u s e p r e v i o u s l y l e a r n e d f o r m u l a s , a n d b e a b l e t o d e r i v e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e .

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  2 ) P r o c e s s o f t h e l e s s o n

L e a r n i n g a c t i v i t i e s P o i n t s o f C o n s i d e r a t i o n

1 .  P r e s e n t t h e p r o b l e m

2 . T h i n k a b o u t d i f f e r e n t w a y s t o r e a r r a n g e t h e s h a p e s o t h a t o t h e r f o r m u l a s f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a s o f b a s i c s h a p e s c a n b e u s e d

3 . D e r i v e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e

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A r e a o f a c i r c l e =

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Radius"Radius"#

○ M a k e s u r e t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s a r e a w a r e t h a t t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e c a n b e f o u n d b y r e a r r a n g i n g t h e s h a p e s u s i n g t h e e i g h t s e c t o r s .

○ F i r s t , b y f i n d t h e w a y t o r e a r r a n g e t h e s h a p e i n t o p a r a l l e l o g r a m . N e x t , f i n d t h e a r e a o f t h e c i r c l e t h r o u g h a w h o l e c l a s s d i s c u s s i o n . T h e n d e r i v e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e ,

!

Radius"Radius"#f r o m t h e m .

○ S e t u p t h e s i t u a t i o n f o r t h i n k i n g o f o t h e r m e t h o d s t h a t u s e o t h e r p r e v i o u s l y l e a r n e d f o r m u l a s f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a s o f b a s i c s h a p e s .

○ O n c e e a c h s t u d e n t c o m e s u p w i t h a w a y, f a c i l i t a t e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o e x c h a n g e t h e i r i d e a s .

○ U s i n g c o l o r e d c h a l k t o e m p h a s i z e w h i c h s i d e s n e e d t o f i n d t h e a r e a

○ D e r i v e t h e f o r m u l a f o r f i n d i n g t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e b y m a n i p u l a t i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s .

S u m m a r i z e t h a t t h e a r e a o f a c i r c l e i s

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" o f t h e a r e a o f a s q u a r e t h a t h a s s i d e s w i t h t h e s a m e l e n g t h a s t h e c i r c l e .

C o m e u p w i t h w a y s t o f i n d t h e a r e a o f t h e c i r c l e b y u s i n g t h e s e c t o r s t h a t a r e m a d e b y s e g m e n t i n g t h e c i r c l e i n t o e i g h t e q u a l p a r t s .

T h e a r e a o f

p a r a l l e l o g r a m = b a s e

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= a h a l f o f t h e c i r c u m f e r e n c e

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(radius"2"# ÷2)"radius

R e a r r a n g e t h e s h a p e a n d f i n d d i f f e r e n t f o r m u l a s t o f i n d t h e a r e a o f t h e c i r c l e .

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347

Referensi

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