세계 속의 영국과 미국
글로벌 학부 영미학 전공 김형엽
04
영국 지역의 지리적 이해
영국의 지역적 특성
United Kingdom
, island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe.The United Kingdom comprises the whole of the island of Great Britain—which
contains England, Wales, and Scotland—as well as the northern portion of the island
of Ireland. The name Britain is sometimes used to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole. The capital is London, which is among the world’s leading commercial, financial, and cultural centres. Other major cities
include Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester in England, Belfast and Londonderry in Northern
Ireland, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland, and Swansea and Cardiff in Wales.
영국의 지역적 특성
Stonehenge
isa prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, 2 miles (3 km) west of Amesbury. It consists of a ring of standing stones, with each standing stone around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, 7 feet (2.1 m) wide and weighing around 25 tons. The stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial
mounds.
Archaeologists believe it was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the first bluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC.
영국의 지역적 특성
Heptarchy
The Heptarchy is a collective name applied to the seven petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in 5th
century until their unification into the Kingdom of England in the early 10th century. The term
"Heptarchy" alludes to the tradition that there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, usually enumerated as: East
Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex, and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England.
The historiographical tradition of the "seven kingdoms"
is medieval, first recorded by Henry of Huntingdon in his Historia Anglorum (12th century); the
term Heptarchy dates to the 16th century.
영국의 지역적 특성
The empire on which the sun never sets
The phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" has been used with variations to describe certain global empires that
were so extensive that there was always at least one part of their territory that was in daylight. It was originally coined for
the Spanish Empire, mainly in the 16th
and 17th centuries.
영국의 지역적 특성
_Climate
The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of north-west
Europe. Regional climates are influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and latitude. Northern Ireland, Wales and western parts
of England and Scotland, being closest to the Atlantic Ocean, are generally the mildest, wettest and windiest regions of the UK,
and temperature ranges here are seldom extreme. Eastern areas are drier, cooler, and less windy, and also experience the greatest daily and seasonal temperature variations.
Northern areas are generally cooler and wetter, and have slightly larger temperature ranges than southern areas.
영국의 지역적 특성
The average total annual sunshine in the United Kingdom is 1339.7 hours, which is just under 30% of the maximum possible (The maximum hours of sunshine possible in one year is
approximately 4476 hours). Generally the
United Kingdom sees frequent cloudy skies due to its high latitude and oceanic controlled
climate. The lowest sunshine hours are found in northern parts of the country and the highest in the southern parts and southern coast of
England. The counties
of Dorset, Hampshire, Sussex and Kent are the sunniest areas, which have annual average totals of around 1,750 hours of sunshine per year. Northern, western and mountainous areas are generally the cloudiest areas of the UK, with some mountainous areas receiving fewer than 1,000 hours of sunshine a year.
