This article is taken from the manuscript of East Asia and the United States, forthcoming, Rowman and Littlefield, 2003. 2 This assessment was particularly influenced by discussion in East Asia and the United States: Current Status and Five-Year Outlook, Washington DC , US National Intelligence Council, Conference Report CR 2000-02, September 2000, http://www.odci.gov/nic. 11 Marcus Noland, "Economic Interests, Values, and Policies" in East Asia and the United States: Current Trends and Five-Year Outlook, Washington, DC, USA.
15 "Introduction" in East Asia and the United States: Current Status and Five-Year Outlook (Washington: US National Intelligence Council), Conference Report CR 2000-02, September 2000, http://www.odci.gov/nic. Both sides of the Pacific continue to attach great importance to America's security commitment and military presence in East Asia.
NORTHEAST ASIAN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ALTERNATIVE KOREAN FUTURES
AN EARLY 21 ST CENTURY APPRAISAL
Leadership
Such comprehensive, even radical, changes in the thinking of leaders and management teams are rare, as are the desperate circumstances that usually make them more likely to occur. After the devastation of World War II and the resulting depression, Japan's leaders struggled to create a new vision for their country, sometimes supported by, sometimes in defiance of, American hegemony. Each of the two Koreas saw in the other its hated colonial legacy; each became a mutual enemy for fear of victory.
Each, in a grim irony, feared in the other the very colonial rule they had experienced under Japan. Neither the dominant powers in the region nor the Korean leaderships they influence have found a path to lasting peace and prosperity for the Korean people. 6.
Social-psychological Theory and Rational Choice
In today's globalized trading and financial system, it has become not only desirable but also critical that such improvements occur. Building on Organskian power transition theory, they describe a number of scenarios that represent new opportunities and problems for the major powers in Northeast Asia.15 The dangers inherent in such transitions are exacerbated by the increase in complexity and speed of change in power components. If this analysis is correct, major efforts must be made to improve the quality of decision-making in the region.
Nowhere is this paradox more apparent than in the contrast between the two Koreas and their neighbors. In fact, in the 20th century, it was not the world wars and natural disasters that were the primary source of violent death, but rather government killings.
Global Dynamics and the Korean Context
But for such a strategy to last, the participants must not lose their nerve and keep their eyes on the prize: creating peace, security and conditions that create prosperity. The Koreas have an opportunity to realistically assess trends in the region and to take measures that build mutual trust. They cannot expect support from the great powers, but neither do they need to fear significant opposition, because no major power in the region can choose strong military or economic sanctions without incurring the risk of unacceptable costs.
As I understand it, the Kegley-Raymond strategy of building mutual trust in purpose is diametrically opposed to the concept of "hawkish cooperation", but in practice it is very similar, at least initially. Falcon's cooperation” may be early days, but if President Kim Dae Jung and his supporters dominate the domestic Korean political scene, the result may surprise everyone, as usual.
CHALLENGES IN THE NEW NORTHEAST ASIAN SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
ISSUES OF MD AND JAPANESE HISTORY
- Introduction
- MD 1. US Position
- Distortion of Textbooks and Yasukuni Shrine Issue 1. Japan’s position
- Impediments to Northeast Asian Cooperation
- Conclusion
It is a bit early to predict what the new security environment in Northeast Asia will look like after the conclusion of the US-led counter-terrorism campaign. Clearly, the terrorist attack and the US response have added uncertainty to the already volatile security environment in Northeast Asia. The US is implementing the MD program to strengthen its influence in the Northeast Asian region by strengthening Japan's military role.
Strengthening Japanese military power guided by US aid may be more tolerable, but Japan can easily gain leeway should US-China relations turn sour in the future. The American MD program creates exaggerated concerns in Korea and China against Japanese participation in the program.
CHINA’S ROLE IN KOREAN REUNIFICATION
WHAT CAN CHINA DO?
China may have influenced North Korea to open its doors to the outside world, but it did not pave the way for the reunification of the two Koreas, as it is in China's interest to maintain the status quo of the two Koreas for the peace and stability of the Korean peninsula. Domestically, North Korea launched economic and political reforms and opened up to the international economic and political arena. North Korea's rejection of the revisionist model of the Soviet Union resulted in an independent policy of Kimilsungism with Korean characteristics in the years following the Korean War in the 1950s and 1960s.
North Korea relied heavily on its closest allies, China and the Soviet Union, for economic and security support during the Cold War. It was China that sent forces to fight in the Korean War in October 1950, when North Korea was on the brink of collapse and overwhelmed by United Nations-led forces. China continues to maintain its military and security relations with North Korea during the height of the nuclear and missile crises.
If North Korea were to start an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula, China would not honor its security agreement with the DPRK. China continues to be involved in the security issues of North Korea, even after the freeze on nuclear and missile development. Thus, China's balancing act in dealing with North Korea's nuclear and missile issues was compatible with U.
North Korean leaders at the time tried to portray Kim Jong Il as North Korea's Deng Xisoping. North Korea has thus moved away from an ideologically based foreign policy to a more pragmatic one, which was a key feature of China's reform and opening-up policy in the 1980s. It was at the height of the Cold War that interests China's and North Korea's ideologies became compatible, which brought
INTER-KOREAN RELATIONS AFTER THE SUMMIT MEETING BETWEEN THE TWO KOREAS
A RUSSIAN VIEW
- Reasons for Rapprochement
- Both Sides’ Priorities and Tactics
- Behind Disagreements
- September 11th attacks in the U.S. and the Korean Peninsula
- The Basic Conclusions
- Russia’s Position
Completely new and peculiar was the only fact - this time the document was signed for the first time by the top leaders of the ROK and the DPRK. Tkachenko, "Possible Results of the North-South Korea Summit: A View from Russia," Korus Forum, No. Inter-Korean summit evidently weakened the united anti-North Korean diplomatic alliance between the US-Japan-South Korea.
Since 2000, the DPRK has established interstate relations with 19 countries and became a member of the ARF. Pyongyang regularly excommunicates South Korea's most intransigent critics of the DPRK and its policies: ministers, politicians and even the press. It seems that behind these tactical maneuvers are hidden much more serious disagreements between the South and the North, which can be listed starting with the interpretation of the joint statement of the inter-Korean summit.
One of the most important elements of Pyongyang's strategy turned out to be using a nationalist card. The policy announced by the Americans towards the DPRK and their practical actions showed, both to the North and the South, that the geopolitical ambitions of the American Putin and the Chairman of the National Defense Committee of the DPRK Kim Jong-il and also the Russian-Korean joint statement on the results of V.
Recently, the positive influence of Russian policy on the development of a situation on the Korean Peninsula has increased noticeably. Thus, a representative from the DPRK has expressed regret over the recent incident between naval boats in the North and South in the Yellow Sea. Russia also believes that a renewal of the dialogue between the DPRK on the one hand and the US and Japan on the other fits the interests of the inter-Korean settlement and therefore also Russia's own interests.
NGOs AND INTER-KOREAN SOCIO-CULTURAL EXCHANGES AND COOPERATION
- NGOs in the field of Korean unification
- Preface
- Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation
- Building supporting structure of NGOs for expansion of inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation
This article analyzes inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation and the role of non-governmental organizations. And now, inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation are perceived as a realistic way to improve inter-Korean relations. Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation have developed in close connection with the progress of general inter-Korean relations.
And the summit between two Koreas was a turning point for the expansion of inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation.16. The fourth joint statement covers inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation. Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation have expanded as a result of the reconciliation and cooperation policy with North Korea.
According to the Sunshine Policy towards North Korea, inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation have increased. And NGO participation in inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation and national consensus building has increased. Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation should be viewed as a fundamental long-term process for social integration between the two Koreas.
In this sense, the role of non-governmental organizations in inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation should be interpreted more broadly. I tried to analyze the current state of inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation and the role of non-governmental organizations. For this reason, there is a need to expand inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation more than in the past.
AN ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS FORMS OF JUCHE IDEOLOGY IN COMPARISON WITH CHRISTIANITY
- Opening Remarks
- Religious Phenomena in Socialist Society and Religionization of Juche Ideology
- Dogma and Belief System
- Religious Rituals and Behavioral Norms
- Ethics and Organization of Community
- Background of Facilitating Christian Religious Forms in Juche Ideology
- Conclusion
The people take good care of every portrait and image related to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong-il. Many people pay tribute to the statue of Kim Il Sung every day in the early morning. They usually decorate with flowers and make a ceremonial bow to the portraits on the birthday of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong-il.
North Korea has developed the Jucha ideology into a kind of worldview or personal view of life and has designated Kim Il Sung's birthplace as a holy city. The worship of the juche ideology and of Kim Il Sung as a saint is expressed in various forms of behavior and rituals in North Korea. All people in North Korea hang portraits of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong.
This means that Kim Il Sung is enshrined as an absolute god to the people of North Korea. North Korea maintains a sort of myth that Suryong Kim Il Sung liberated and saved his people from Japanese colonial rule. Since the hymn is an important vehicle for the powerful motivation of the Christian faith, hymns to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong-il are mobilized at formal and informal events in North Korea.
Many people speculate that it is because of Kim Il Sung's Christian family background. It is very interesting that Kim Il Sung was born and raised in a sincere Christian family. In this respect, it would be most likely that it is from Kim Il Sung's Christian background that the juche ideology retains Christian features.
