Progress in Japan

(1)

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N25 Okinawa

Tokyo

Characteristics of Japan

Sub-tropical Frigid zone

Geographical Characteristics

Narrow shape,

Extends from north to south

Hokkaido

Jeju

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Geological Characteristics

Steep mountains, Swift river currents, Waterfalls

Complicated Coastline Limited plains, Hot springs, Volcanoes,

Diverse Natural Environment

Actual Vegetation Map Actual Vegetation Map

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natural forest & grassland

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secondary forest

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forest for timber production

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secondary grassland

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farmland

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urban

Biodiversity Center of Japan

Flora and Fauna Flora and Fauna

Vascular plants 8,800spp.

Mammals 241spp.

Birds 700spp.

Amphibians 64spp.

Reptiles 97spp.

Fish (freshwater) 300spp.

Insects 30,200spp.

(2)

____ ____

Crisis caused by global

warming

App. 20 to 30% of plant and animal species will face a

higher risk of extinction Coral bleaching Source: 4^thAssessment Reports of IPCC (2007) Development and other

human activities have caused habitat loss and threatened species

Crisis 2

Alien species and chemical contaminations Ecosystem changes in

the “Satoyama” area due to lack of appropriate human activities

Crisis 3 Biodiversity in Japan faces "Three Crises+ 1”

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Mainstreaming Biodiversity in our daily life

•Encourage local governments to develop biodiversity strategies.

•Prepare biodiversity guidelines for private enterprises. etc

Four Basic Strategies of the 3

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NBSAP

The direction of measures which should be addressed in the next five years was organized in the four basic strategies.

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Securing linkages among forests, countryside, rivers and the sea

• Review all national and quasi-national park designations.

• Construct ecological networks. etc

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Re-building sound relationships between man and nature in local communities

• Select key Satoyama areas to be inherited by the following generations.

• Promote sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries. etc

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Taking action with a global perspective

•Propose the SATOYAMA Initiative.

•Implement a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity in Japan. etc

Crisis 1

Biodiversity in Japan faces "Three Crises+ 1”

Habitat loss Species threatened

Approx. 23.5% of vertebrates

and vascular plants are threatened

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Tidal flat: reduced by 40%

since the end of WW

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Natural forest is only 17.9% of the total land area

(cf. forest area is 2/3 of the land)

Vertebrates

: 22.9% Vascular plants

ffff 24.1%

Development and other human activities have caused habitat loss and threatened species

Crisis3

Prey on native species Competition

Taiwan squirrels compete with Japanese squirrels

Alien Species

Alien species and chemical contaminations

Taiwan macaques hybridize with Japanese macaques

Removal of vegetation

Introduced Ibex in Ogasawara

Dilute unique genetic diversity

Black bass prey on native fish

Huge potential for species extinction and ecosystem collapse Crisis caused by global warming

Change of breeding season of amphibians ( in Tokyo) Decline of sea ice affects polar bear’s health and breeding.

Coral bleaching and dying will occur more frequently.

When the average temperature increases by 1.5

^g

to 2.5

^g

or more, it is estimated that approximately 20 to 30%

of plant and animal species will face a higher risk of

extinction.

Nature Conservation Law

Natural Parks Law

Legal Framework for Nature Conservation in Japan

Law for the Promotion of Nature Restoration Basic Act on Biodiversity

Ecosystem protection

and restoration

(3)

Conservation of

• Areas with outstanding nature

• Areas almost untouched by humans

(as of August 2009) =103,622ha

(0.3% of total land area) Wilderness Areas

5 areas 5,631ha Nature Conservation Areas

10 areas 21,593ha Prefectural Nature Conservation Areas

536 areas 76,398ha

Sakiyamawan Nature Conservation Area

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As of 31 May 2004. As of 31 May 2009.

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(as of March 31, 2009) =5,410,005ha (14.3% of total land area) National Parks

29 areas 2,086,945ha Quasi-national Parks

56 areas 1,362,030ha Prefectural Natural Parks

309 areas 1,961,030ha Protecting natural landscapes of great importance, and promoting recreation

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Zoning System (Restrictions on Activities)

Special Zones

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Ecosystem management plan

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z project menu (prevention of damage by alien species, etc)

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Law for the Promotion of Nature Restoration

River restoration project in Kushiro-shitsugen national park

(Artist’s impression)

Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

Wildlife Protection and Proper Hunting Law

Law Concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity through Regulations on

the Use of Living Modified Organisms Invasive Alien Species Act

Legal Framework for Nature Conservation in Japan

Basic Act on Biodiversity

Wildlife Conservation

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Sarobetsu-genya (Ramsar Site)

Shiretoko (World Natural Heritage Site)

General Review of National and General Review of National and

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Quasi- -National Park System National Park System Aim: Extract the key areas as core for conservation of biodiversity (ex. large-scale natural vegetation, shallow sea area, wet land, secondary forest area(SATOYAMA))

Goal : Newly establish or enlarge national parks and quasi-national parks to conserve biodiversity.

Method : gap analysis

Example of Gap Analysis

-Kyushu region-

Existing natural parks and large scale natural vegetation

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To cope with serious damages to ecosystem in national parks such as;

- Damage to the vegetation such as alpine meadow, forb, caused by sika deer grazing.

- Damage to coral reefs by outbreak of Crown-of -Thorns starfish.

- Loss of native habitat or disturbance of ecosystem by alien species.

Strengthening Natural Parks Law(2)

- Promotion of Ecosystem Management Works - International Cooperation International Cooperation

-

Contribution to Technical

cooperation through JICA(Japan International Cooperation Agency)

-

Financial support for progress of

priority projects in the East Asia

Region Action Plan of IUCN

(6)

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