A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Shipping Management. This dissertation, which is an original work carried out by Ooi Chew Yong in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Shipping Management, is in accordance with the regulations governing the preparation of the dissertation at the Graduate School of the Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Republic of Korea. Governance structure, maritime cluster and maritime supporting industries. Size of Malaysia's Merchant Navy in tonnes of deadweight - 57 – 58.
The Study on Human Resource Demand Forecasting of Shipping and Port Logistics
Industry in Malaysia
Abstract
Introduction
- Importance and Objectives of this Research
Due to such awareness, human resource management in the maritime and port logistics industry seems to be of utmost importance. Human resource demand forecasts for shipping and port logistics in Malaysia are rare, especially comprehensive forecasts that consistently review all major sub-sectors of shipping and port logistics in Malaysia. Therefore, currently available statistics on the Malaysian shipping and port logistics workforce are largely scattered.
Literature Review
- Theoretical Discussion of Industrial Human Resource Supply and Demand
- The importance of Human Resource Planning
- Methodology of Forecasting Human Resource Demand
- Overview Projections of Human Resource Forecasting across Nations and the Major Labour Market Models
- Previous Researches Pertinent to Forecasting Human Resource Demand and Supply Plan
- Human Resource Forecasting of Maritime Industry
- Forecasted Seafarers Shortage by BIMCO / ICS
- Human Resource Forecasting in Malaysia .1 The Beginning of Human Resource Planning
- Agencies Related to Labour Force of Malaysia
- Structure of Malaysia’s Current Workforce
The gap between supply and demand does not match the level of human capacity and the capacity of emission power. The panel of experts with experience and knowledge of the required field, product or market of similar products predicts human resource requirements. Time series forecasting of the construction labor market in Hong Kong: the Box‐Jenkins approach.
In line with the issue in which most accurate forecasting models usually require a colossal amount of data;. The Economic Census and the Labor Force Survey are currently the input data for the Key Labor Market Indicators.
Malaysia’s Shipping and Port Logistics
Overview of the Maritime Industry of Malaysia .1 Overview of the Maritime Industry of Malaysia
- Illustration of Malaysia’s Maritime Industry Structure, Maritime Goverance Structure, Maritime Cluster as well as Maritime Ancillary
- Malaysia’s Merchant Fleet Size by Deadweight Tonnes
Consequently, Malaysia's economic growth would be closely linked to a broad spectrum of the ocean. Major economic activities such as container shipping, maritime tourism, shipbuilding or repair, as well as offshore oil and natural gas exploration in Malaysia, especially deserve some prominent attention from the country. According to the conceptual plan of the Malaysia Shipping Master Plan (MSMP) (Thompson, N.J., 2015), the maritime industry structure and maritime governance structure are as shown in the figures below.
The structure of Malaysia's maritime industry covers four major areas, namely the import and export of manufacturing products, oil and gas, as well as energy, agricultural products and the like; maritime transport or shipping services sectors responsible for managing the ship register and fleet activities; ancillary and support industries that include shipbuilding, ship insurance, ship brokerage and others; as well as authorities and regulators that manage the maritime industry, especially the Ministry of Transport (MOT), the Maritime Department (MARDEP), the Ministry of Finance and more. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) appears to be the main governing body for Malaysia's maritime transport sector. In the figure below, the industry is split into seven subsectors, namely shipping, shipbuilding and ship repair, seafarers, maritime education, research and development, as well as maritime surveillance; and then classified the policymakers and implementers for the respective subsectors.
Looking at the Malaysian Maritime Group, the 4 main branches are shipping, maritime services, port and terminals, as well as marine equipment suppliers. Shipping is the sacred part of the maritime industry; while maritime services can range from brokerage, banking and finance, research to logistics; then includes port and terminal offshore exploration and oil production; and finally, the supply of maritime equipment includes shipyards, boat builders, port equipment and fishing utility services. Backing up the main maritime industry of Malaysia is a variety of ancillary and supporting industries such as naval system and design, repair and maintenance of ship, insurance, maritime education and training, charter and lessor, storage and others.
In Malaysia's shoes, oil tankers and other types of ships make up a large portion of the total fleet; while the carrying capacity of bulk carriers, general cargo and container ships is decreasing.
Economic Contribution of Maritime Industry in Malaysia
On the other hand, goods worth as much as US$168.5 billion were imported by Malaysia from around the world in 2016. To illustrate, other Asian countries were Malaysia's main import targets, accounting for 72.9% of total imports by value of import sales to Malaysia. provided by European trading partners; 8.6% of value comes from North America; while Africa accounted for 1% of Malaysian imports. Moreover, during the Maritime Institute of Malaysia (MIMA) National Shipping Conference 2015 at Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur, Captain Razali Yaacob of the Netherlands Maritime Institute of Technology (NMIT) presented the chart below which depicts the contribution of the shipping industry to the Malaysian GDP as ' a high productivity industry.
Meanwhile, at the East Asian Seas Congress 2015, Cheryl Rita Kaur also presented some statistics regarding the estimation of production and final demand for selected maritime sectors, gross production of the maritime sector and maritime share of primary inputs and imports (%) on an import basis. import duties and commodity taxes; so that we can realize the economic contribution of the sector. Looking at Table 3.1 to Table 3.3, we see that the top three major contributors to the maritime sectors off the coast of Malaysia are crude oil and natural gas production, petroleum refineries and marine fisheries. Catching freshwater and diadromous fish 9,083 Farming and breeding fish 9,483 Production of crude oil and natural gas 8,142,507 Canning, preserving and processing fish 339,557.
As shown in the image below, there are a total of 31 ports, including seaports, fishing ports, oil depots, transshipment ports and the like. However, there are a total of 10 major ports through which Malaysia measures container throughput per quarter per year, namely Port Klang, Penang, Johor, Kuantan, Bintulu, Tanjung Bruas, Kuching, Miri, Rajang, Sabah, Port Dickson, Kemaman, Teluk Ewa and Tanjung Pelepas. Looking at details, Malaysia's port quality under the second infrastructure pillar of the Global Competitiveness Report achieved a score of 5.4, ranking it 17th out of 138 countries.
On the other hand, the chart and table below showed Malaysia's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) year-on-year compared to other nations that entered the top 5 LPI rankings in 2016.
Issues Encountered & Future Needed Developments
Power services, infrastructure development and some kind of thoroughgoing development could help boost the growth of Malaysia as a whole. Indirectly, this could also help to overcome problems with additional space requirements and overcrowding of busy ports. Notably, the Global Competitiveness Report ranked this issue as the third most problematic factor for doing business in Malaysia with a score of 8.4.
Therefore, before we are able to design a comprehensive and perfect plan to develop the required workforce, it is vital to anticipate and recognize the gap between demand and supply.
Data Analysis
- Data Inputs for the 5 Sub – sectors with Meaningful Data
- Data Analysis of Forecasting Human Resource Demand for Shipping and Port Logistics Malaysia
- Sea Transport
- Cargo Handling and Stevedoring Services
- Summary of the Short – term Forecasted Human Resource Demand for Shipping and Port Logistics Malaysia in 2011
- Comparison between Malaysia’s and Korea’s Human Resource Forecast
- Comparison of Classifications of Sub – sectors for Shipping and Port Logistics in Malaysia and Korea
- Comparison between Malaysia and Korea Regarding the Input Factors for Human Resource Demand Forecast of Shipping and Port
- Comparison between Malaysia and Korea Regarding the Forecasting Approaches and Summary of Meaningful Results of
- Planning Human Resource Supply
The above shows the trend of the number of employees for maritime transport in Malaysia during the years 2000 to 2010. In terms of percentage changes, the number of employees increased the most (17.5%) in 2006. On the other hand, number The most drastic decrease in the number of employees was recorded in 2009, constituting a decreasing percentage of 8.8.
The graph presented above shows the trend in the number of employees for cargo handling and stevedoring services in Malaysia starting from the year 2000 to 2010. Generally, the number of employees for warehousing and warehousing services in Malaysia through the years 2000 to 2010 had shown an increasing trend. In the years 2000 to 2010, the number of employees for port management services in Malaysia showed a milder upward trend.
The percentage changes of number of employees between the years well - support the descriptions for the chart above. The graph above outlined an increasing trend for the number of employees of shipping and forwarding agency services in Malaysia between the years 2000 to 2010. 24 Summary of data related to the short-term forecasted demand for human resources for shipping and port logistics in Malaysia .
Unlike Malaysia, labor force data related to the port transport and logistics industry is only available for a few sub-sectors. Sub-sectors providing workforce data for the port transportation and logistics industry in Korea. The government should determine the number of employees in each subdivision within the maritime transport and port logistics industry, as well as the required knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAO) taking into account technology.
Conclusion
- Review of Findings
- Implications and Recommendations for Future Research
The overall data provision in the Malaysian case could have neglected the unique business nature of the sub-sectors within Malaysia's shipping and port logistics. Worse still due to the outdated data, the predicted results in the Malaysian case could not be taken as confirmation of the trends in the demand for shipping and port logistics personnel in Malaysia. The main research limitation of this study unequivocally concerns the inconsistency of data provision for shipping and port logistics in Malaysia.
Back to bottom, this study is titled ' Human Resource Demand Forecasting of Shipping and Port Logistics in Malaysia. To emphasize, this paper aims to collect the disaggregated workforce data from the shipping and port logistics sub-sectors in Malaysia to provide an overview of the current demand trend. However, generalization of data delivery has led to ignorance of the unique characters of each of the companies within the shipping and port logistics industry.
And as mentioned earlier, one of the most detailed data sources regarding workforce of shipping and port logistics in Malaysia is the 'Economic Census 2011 - Transport & Warehousing Services' report with reference to the year 2010. Hence, in a critical way, this study could not be taken as a full-scale and comprehensive study that properly represents the overview of human resource demand forecasting for shipping and port logistics in Malaysia. In addition to discussions made in previous chapter, appropriate policies should be designed to manage the consistency of updating data and define the sub-sectors of shipping and port logistics in Malaysia.
In pursuit of the interests for a brighter future for the Malaysian shipping and port logistics industry, we need a better and thorough development policy.
Study on Demand and Supply Plan Forecasting for Human Resources in the Shipping, Ports and Logistics Industry. Retrieved from: http://globalportsforum.com/malaysia-is-an-important-part-of- chinas-maritime-silk-road-will-malaccas-port-initiative-shake-up- the-regional-port-sector /. Lee, Seong No Yoon, Seung‐Jun Yeon A dynamic workforce forecasting model for the information security industry”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol.
Study on the prospection of the African logistics sector and the development of a human training program in the logistics sector: Kenya in East Africa.
Acknowledgments
