INTRODUCTION
R ESEARCH B ACKGROUND AND O BJECTIVE
- Background
- Objective
The port of Shanghai is served and supplied by the vast hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta and the entire Yangtze River Valley. Thus, we can consider that external conditions have priority in the process and.
R ESEARCH S COPE
The relative competitiveness of the two ports is assessed on the basis of the port's condition, price and service quality, which is contained in the concept of generalized costs incurred by customers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relative competitiveness of the two neighboring ports, Shanghai and Ningbo-zhoushan ports, to find out their advantages and disadvantages and find a better port of call between them based on the attitude of the bulk ship owner.
M ETHODOLOGY AND S TRUCTURE
LITERATURE REVIEW
C ONCEPTUAL D EFINITION OF P ORT C OMPETITIVENESS
This type of competition can be summarized as 'intra-port competition at industry level.' In recent. Secondly, there is competition between operators from different ports (level 2: 'inter-port competition at operator level').
P REVIOUS R ESEARCH
COMPARISON BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND
C OMPARISON ON P ORT C ONDITION
- Port Cost
- Port Equipments
- Port Service
- Cargo Resource
According to the two tables, it is clear that regardless of the number/length of the berth or the main facilities in Shanghai port are nearly twice as many as in Ningbo-Zhoushan port. It is attractive to ship owners and/or cargo owners if a port has many berths, but this is only for ships of suitable size.
P RESENT A CHIEVEMENT ON C ARGO T HROUGHPUT
Source: Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China
From the year 2008, it has surpassed Shanghai port and became No. 1 among Chinese ports.
P ORT ’ S C HARACTERISTICS
- Ningbo-zhoushan Port
- Shanghai Port
Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, famous for its deep water, smooth current, a calm sea, vast harbor, no freezing and no silting, has obvious advantages in the water depth which was the most important factor of the port nature factor. Ningbo-zhoushan Port, which consists of inland, estuary and coastal ports, enjoys unique natural conditions: Zhoushan Islands serve as the natural front defense, there is no need to build any breakwater. There are complete facilities at the rear of the harbor area and the surroundings of the.
Fewer investments, a shorter period and faster achievement of results distinguish the construction of piers in the port. It includes the headwaters of the Yangtze River, which is known as the "Golden Waterway" and flows into the East China Sea, the Huangpu River, which flows into the Yangtze River, and the Qiantang River. Therefore, the port has a favorable geographical location, favorable natural conditions, extensive economically developed hinterland and complete land distribution infrastructure and facilities.
It is China's largest comprehensive port and one of the most important entrances to the country for foreign trade. Shanghai was the center in the Yangtze River Delta, which leads the Shanghai government to always put Shanghai first, and Ningbo-zhoushan and all other ports around this area are considered as assistants and should serve Shanghai. However, cooperation in the new times should be balanced, which the Shanghai government failed to realize and caused many other cities to abandon services in Shanghai.7 Industries do not choose Shanghai because of abnormal behavior and egoistic nature.
AHP METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS RESULT
A NALYTIC H IERARCHY P ROCESS
- AHP Conception
- AHP Procedures
- AHP Methodology
After pairwise comparison, we should speculate on the relative weighted value of the evaluation standard for each hierarchy's comparison target. That is, use the price obtained by pairwise comparison in the previous steps to guess the numerical value, which contains the weighted value of the evaluation standard and the intensity of importance. There are two such weighted value speculation methods: eigenvalue method and logarithmic least square method.
In this case, the consistency of the price of the pairwise comparison matrix element A will not be large and will match the price close to n, through this feature and the equation, the weighted value can be guessed. If the vector is solved, we assign the corresponding element, then the normalized weighted value will be obtained. However, if the CR price is too large, we can see that the judge's consistency is not good, it will not be easy to use the weighted value obtained from such a judge in decision making.
It is a step in solving the decision-making problem of the higher hierarchy, to solve the weighted comprehensive value of the alternative in order to obtain the intensity if the importance or impact on the alternatives in the lower hierarchy. Here when each standard is not separated due to quantitative and qualitative factors, the alternative comprehensive weighted value can be chosen below. The overall weighted value of the alternative is the relative weight of each alternative and an important standard to choose the alternative when it has priority.
S ELECTION OF E VALUATION F ACTORS
- Model Establishment
- Factors Specification
It is not easy to use all the 44 factors to do AHP analysis, in the 1st stage of factor selection, not all the factors are needed for the research itself. Port charges include: port charges, pilotage charges, towing vehicles, line handling, tally fee, dock charges, mooring, quarantine, tonnage charges, agency fee, bunker charge, holiday/night surcharge, etc., the specific of the port charge is explained in Chapter 3, including lightning charge. In most situations this is separated from the port charge because not all of this charge has to be paid by the Owner.
It is important to check the terms before checking the port charge, as the charge caused by cargo is always expensive compared to the basic port charge. This means not only the speed of loading/unloading, but also the time to be spent berthing from the pilot's boarding of the vessel to the berth, the distance and trucks to be used for transportation from the berth boundary to the warehouse, as well as the loading time and/ or unloading cargo in the warehouse. Competition between ports requires that the port authorities cooperate best with the ship owner.
And in this case, the vessel can only enter or leave the harbor twice a day at high tide. The more berths, the less strained the port will be, provided that the working facilities and stevedores are enough. If the traffic near the port area is always jammed, or the port position is just near the center, such as Busan old container port in Korea, the freight transport speed will be really slow, especially during rush hour.
R ESULT OF AHP A NALYSIS
- Hierarchic Structure Model
- Result of AHP Analysis
The main reason for using the geometric mean method is that the method is the only procedure that satisfies the characteristic of a reciprocal number of pairwise comparison. From the analysis of the questionnaire, among the 4 main assessment factors, the port environment was the most important criterion in making the decision, with an importance of 0.321, followed by port service and port cost, the factors were weighted with 0.246 and 0.239, respectively. It is not difficult to understand, because we had explained before, the productivity of the port means the speed of work.
Berth condition is about the congestion of the port, it is also a good way to save time if vessels can always sail directly to the quay after entering the port in good condition, of course ship owners will prefer such a port . In the port environment item, the 3 factors' degrees of importance are shown as Figure 4-8: Cargo Availability (0.530), Domestic Transport Connectivity (0.249) and Weather Condition (0.222). Among the 3 factors in port environment, cargo availability is the most important one with a significance of 0.530 which is twice greater than the other two.
For the port facility, the water depth of Ningbo is much deeper than that of Shanghai Port, but the condition of Shanghai's berths and equipment are much better than that of Ningbo Port. For the port environment, Shanghai has more freight sources and much convenient land transportation infrastructure. Most ship operators prefer Shanghai Port as the first selection for their ships.
CONCLUSION
Although we had mentioned in chapter 3 that the advantages of Ningbo-zhoushan port, there is an important point is the traffic. Kang Chul Hua Master's thesis, department of ship management, Korea Maritime University, February 2009. Choi Yun Jeong (2008) wrote a thesis called "A Study on the Selection Decision of Shipping Suppliers", using AHP to analyze the selection method of shipping suppliers.
Koo, Ja Hoon Sung, Keum Young (2001) wrote a thesis called "The Site Analysis for Land Use Surveying Using Fuzzy Sets Theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)". in Korean Geographical Information Institute, Vol.4 No.1, [2001]). Qiu, Y.-k [2005], wrote a thesis called "Application of Fuzzy and AHP Synthetic Evaluation on the Optimization Reversed Construction Method" in
2005], “Variant process planning of castings using AHP-based nearest neighbor algorithm for case retrieval” in
