nblib.library.kz - /elib/library.kz/jurnal/v_2006_1/

(1)

).

23 , 1

; 5 , 4

( j m

11 -

p

₃

3 11 5 10 5 9 5 8

11 5 3 10 5 3 9 5 3 8 5 3

H p p H p p H p p H p p

5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4

7 5 3 6 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 3

H p p H p p H p p H p p

3 3 5 2 5 5

3 5 3 2 5 3 1 5 3 0 5

0. H p p H p p H p p H p

(8) (9) -

p

₃

.

p

₃

(8)

(9), 108 ,

108 p

₅

.

,

108

0

0 6

k

p

s (10)

k

₀

, k

₁

, k

₃

, ..., k

₁₀₈

-

(8) (9)

, ,...,.

,

₁₀ ⁵₅ ₉ ₅⁵ ₀ ₅⁵

3 5

11

p S p S p S p

S

5 5 0 5

5 9 5 5 10 3 5

11

p , H p , H p ,...,. H p

H .

(10),

p

₅

. - (10)

[4]. -

p

₅

-

p

₁

, p

₂

, p

₃

, p

₄

, p

₆

. ,

-

. -

3

5

p

x

_C

, z

₃_B

p

₄

5

p

z

_C

,

6

.

2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1

4

p p p p p p

l

1. ., ., .

. .: , 1959. 1084 .

2. . -

VI -

// . , 2004. . 5. . 9-12.

3. ., . -

. .: , 1986. 544 .

4. . . ., 2003. 431 .

i -

i i

-

. VI i i

i

i i .

Summary

The exclusion of unknown from the system of three power equations with three unknowns while solving task of synthesis of parameters is considered. Solving of task of the synthesis of seven parameters of a spatial mechanism of V class upon seven set positions of input and output links is shown.

621.01:531

. 3.10.05 .

B. .

- ,

, ,

, , -

. [1, 2].

- - ,

-

pH, -

[3].

– - ( ),

, -

,

-

[4].

(2)

2006. 1

N, N- -

. -

,

, -

A .

.

N, N- -

- [5].

. 1. -

-1

N,N -

(0,1 .%).

KOH, 0,01N KCl, 0,05N HCl,

0,01N KCl. pK

_a

log( /1 )

pH pK

a

n – -

APA-1, n – -

).

k’

_sp

/C =

= [ ] + k’[ ]

²

C (

_sp

– , C – -

, [ ] – ).

- .

, ,

-

[6]. -

50 20 ,

, , -

. -

3, 6 9 -

1 mA.

m = m

₀

– m

_t

( m

₀

– ,

, m

_t

- -

t), , -

.

. -

Co

⁶⁰

RXM- -25M.

- Perkin Elmer Spectrum GX.

pH/conductivity meter Mettler Toledo MPC 227

(Switzerland) .

-

25 0,1 C. -

(Power Pac 1000, BioRad, USA).

KCl, NaCl, NH

₄

Cl, KNO

₃

, K

₂

CO

₃

, K

₂

SO

₄

, MgCl

₂

, CaCl

₂

, MgSO

₄

.

. -

: -

N

*

OOC COOH

*

CH₃ H₃C

m n

. 1. ,

m = n = 50 .% (A A-1); m = 87, n = 13 .% (APA-2)

-

. ( ) -

: = (m–m

_o

)/m

_o

, m m – - .

m / m

_w

(

m – ).

kt

ⁿ

= M

_t

/M ,

k – , n – -

, -

( ), t – -

, M

_t

M – ,

t, M – ,

t . k n

- ln(M

_t

/ M ) ln t.

-

. -

(pK

_a

)

APA-1, -

. 0,01 APA-1

0,01N

(3)

(M -M ), N,N- -

– ( A-M )

[7–10]. -M -M

(pH 2,0–4,0),

M AA-M AA-M

pH.

A-1 -

. -

- 1555 1381

^-1

.

1656

^-1

COOH.

A A-1, 0,01 N KCl, pK

_a1

= 3,4

pK

_a2

= 7,6 .

, , -

“ ”, -

[11].

(pK

_a

= 4,3) -

-

[12], -

-

. -

–COO H

⁺

OOC– [13].

A A-1 -

, -

. A-1

( ), .

A A-1 -

. k’ -

: 2,55; 1,22;

1,0; 1,0 0,7 ; 0,01; 0,05; 0,1 0,15N KCl -

. ,

, -

« » -

, k’

. 2). , -

, [ ]

k’ A A-1 .

[ ] k’ =0,1

] ( ) k’

0,18 2,55

KCl 1,30 1,06

NaCl 1,44 1,14

NH₄Cl 1,17 1,44

MgCl₂ 1,35 0,78

CaCl₂ 1,48 0,58

KNO₃ 1,41 0,84

K₂CO₃ 1,33 0,43

K₂SO₄ 1,27 0,79

MgSO₄ 1,37 1,03

,

. ,

(K

⁺

) ,

NO

₃^-

> CO

₃^-2

> Cl

^-

> SO

₄^-2

. ,

(Cl

^-

), -

: Na

⁺

> K

⁺

> NH

₄⁺

,

– Ca

^{2 +}

> Mg

^{2 +}

.

” [14].

0,00 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16

0,0 0,4 0,8 1,2

KCl,

0 2 4 6

1 8

,

. 2. (1)

A A-1 A A-1 (2)

KCl

(4)

2006. 1

. 3

A A-1 pH .

pH A A-1

-

. pH

5, -

- -

. pH 5 -

- .

A A-1 .

, -

, ,

-

. -

-

. -

[15]

[16] -

[17]

.

, A A-2

-

. ,

A A-2 -

, -

. pH

pH 5.

, . A A-2

, pH.

.

, -

, , , -

A A-1,

,

.

. 2, , -

A A-1, .

APA-1 ( -1) -

,

APA-1. -1 KCl -

. 4.

2 4 6 8 10 12

0 2 4 6 8

3 2 1

spC, dL/g

pH

. 3. APA-1

pH (1) 0,01 (2) 0,1N KCl (3).

C _A-1 = 0,3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0 2 4 6 8

10 3

2

m / mw 1

,

. 4. -1 0,01 ( 1),

0,05 ( 2) 0,1 N KCl ( 3)

k KCl.

n <0,5 -

.

-

. -

-1 -

. 5.

, m/m

₀

-

t -

-

. , 6

9 V -

90% 15 11 . -

K

⁺

Cl . ,

-

.

(5)

,

- .

. 6.

- ,

.

. -

, -

.

, , -

. -

9 10

²

-

10 .

N, N-

- ,

-

. pK

_a

-

APA-1, ,

.

- “

”.

-

, -

- .

INTAS-Aral 1033 .

1. Kudaibergenov S.E. Polyampholytes: Synthesis, Characteri- zation, and Application, New York: Kluwer Academic // Plenum Publications,2002, 220 p.

2. Lowe A.B., McCormick Ch.L. Synthesis and solution proper- ties of zwitterionic polymers // Chem. Rev.,102, 4177-4189 (2002).

3. Kudaibergenov S.E. Synthesis and characterization of polyampholyte hydrogels // Ber. Bunsen Ges. Phys. Chem 100, 1079-1082 (1996).

4. Kudaibergenov S.E., Nurgalieva D.E., Bekturov E.A., Shai- khutdinov E.M., Nurkeeva Z.S., Sigitov V.B. Study of polyampholytes hydrogels and interpenetrating polyelectrolytes networks based on 4-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-1-methylpiperidin-4-ol // Makromol. Chem.

Phys195, 3033-3038 (1994).

5. Hahn M., Jaeger W., Schmolke R., Behnisch J.

// Acta Polymerica41, 107-112 (1990).

6. Didukh A.G., Koizhaiganova R.B., Khamitzhanova G., Bi- mendina L.A., Kudaibergenov S.E. Stimuli-sensitive behavior of novel betaine-type polyampholytes // Polymer International52, 883-891 (2003).

7. Wendler U., Bohrisch J., Jaeger W., Rother G., Dautzenberg H. Amphiphilic cationic block copolymers via controlled free radical polymerization // Macromol. Rapid Commun.19, 185-192 (1998).

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8

1 2 3 m/m0

t,

. 5. -1

3 1), 6 ( 2), 9 ( 3)

. 6. ,

(6)

2006. 1

8. Jaeger W., Wendler U., Lieske A., Bohrisch J. Novel modified polymers with permanent cationic groups. Langmuir15, 4026-4032 (1999).

9. Bohrisch J., Schimmel T., Engelhardt H., Jaeger W. Charge interaction of synthetic polycarboxybetaines in bulk and solution //

Macromolecules35, 4143-4149 (2002).

10. Koetz J., Hahn M., Philipp B. Synthese, charakterisierung und symplexbildung von polyampholyten aus ungesattigten di- carbonsaure und allylaminderivaten. 3. Mitt.: Symplexbildung mit polyampholytischen aus maleinaure und allylaminderivaten // Acta Polym.40, 401-404 (1989).

11. Merle Y. Synthetic polyampholytes. 5.Influence of nearest- neighbor interaction on potentiometric curves // J. Phys. Chem.91, 3092-3098 (1987).

12. Schott H. Shifts in the apparent ionization constant of the carboxylic acid groups of gelatine // J. Pharm. Sci.74(12), 1317-1321 (1985).

13. ., ., a .K.

- -1,2-

2- -5- // -

. .6, 1174-1180 (1964).

14.Huheey J.E. Inorganic Chemistry, New York: Harper and Row, 1972.

15.Ehrlich G., Doty P. Macro-ions. III. The solution behavior of a polymeric ampholyte // J. Am. Chem. Soc.76, 3764-3777 (1954).

16. ., ., .,

E.A. O

// ,246(1), 147-149 (1979).

17.Higgs P.G., Joanny J.F. Theory of polyampholyte solutions // J. Chem. Phys.94(2), 1543-1554 (1991).

1033 -

i

i -

.

i,

i i -

. i -

i i -

. i

i

i .

i

i .

- .

Summary

Specially tailored amphoteric hydrogel materials that are able to desalinate the underground mineralised and seawater of Aral region were developed in the frame of INTAS-Aral 1033 Project.. It was shown that both linear and crosslinked polyampholytes in aqueous salt solutions exhibitantipolyelectrolyte character, e.g. the viscosity and swelling degree of polyampholytes significantly increases with increasing of salt concentration. These results were interpreted in the light of disrupting of intra- or interionic contacts between the opposite charges. The influence of various salts on the viscosity of linear and swelling degree of crosslinked polyampholytes was studied. The ability of amphoteric macromolecules to swell upon addition of low molecular weight electrolytes and shrink under the action of externally imposed DC electric field was used for desalination. Laboratory equipment was designed to provide water desalination process by amphoteric hydrogels.