,85 "'/z - EPrints USM

Tempat Duduk: *ngka Gi.liran:

IJNII/ERSITI SAIHS TiALAYSIA

Peperiksaan Semester Kedua

Sidans L993/94

April

¹⁹⁹⁴

HEE 204 Fonetik dan FoJolgcri Bahasa Inqqeris

Masa: tf

^jaml

TIIIS EXIITIINATION PAPER CO!{TAI}IS EI€Ig--Igt QT'EsTIsIs ^IN

r,TrIBrEElr t 13

I

^PAcEs.

Answer ALL EIGIff_

[8l

^questions

in

Section A and B,

Questions

lo 2,3,

4 and5

in

Section A are

to

be ^answered these sheets and guestions

6,

7 and 8

in

Section B are to

answered

in

the ^answer booklets.

SECTIO}I A

L" Give the correct symbol for the following descrj_ptions.

{a) / / voiceless apical stop

(b) / / low front vowel

(c). / / voiceless alveolar fricative (d') / / voi-celess labiodental fri"cative (e) I . / voicedaffri-cate

{f) / / high back lax vowel

(g) / / voiced bilabial implosi.ve

(h) / / voiced velar fricative {i) I / palatalnasal

(j) / / voiced palatal fricatj-ve

l-n be

i{)

,85

(5 _marks)

"'/z

I

o

,8G

jI _L.'

z. FilI in the blank with the ^most or words.

lHEr ^204J

Angka Giliran:

suitable/appropriate ^word

(a)

Feature

segiments

specification of ^classes

that

are inherently

specify ^groups of

separates

_'true

from all

other (b) The feature

(c)

consonantsr (that

sounds,

single feature

is

obstruents)

diff,erentiating /p/and/k

The i.s

(d)

The

prominance of the feature

a hissing ^spund

is indicative

of

the vowel /) /whichis

ls

a I

(q)

rn the

(e) The lax / - ^back (f) _When the

followed tendency

counterpart of

/Ls

consonant.

/

^p

by a

voiceless

that

the ^phoneme

/ ia

^the

stop

/ t /p/wiIl

word

^tapt'

/, there is

be

(h)

the word ^rsnowr there nasal- will be

is

every

possibility

that

are sounds produced with velaric airstream ^mechanism.

a

Y,.:t..

. .. /3

a

The ^phoneme many Semitic

-3

[HEr ²⁰⁴¹

Angka Giliran:

/ q /

a voiceless uvular stop occurs in

V

Ianguages.

(i)

(j)

(h)

(r)

markers

are used in

^a the ^sound

or

word.

narrow

J.

transcription

of

State whether the following staternents are

(a)

A speech sound

in

which there

is

high- pitched and turbulant noise

is

called obstruent.

(b)

_Speech

is

^perceived and. functions

linguistically

as a series

of

di.screte

units called

sounds.

There is a lot more repetition ^j.n writing than in speech,

A common feature among the sound tike vowels, nasals, semi-vowels and liguids is sonorant.

Sounds produced with the blade of the 'tongue are called apicals.

Sounds produced with the tip of the tongue are called laminals.

The velaric airstream mechanism is j-nvolved j.n the production of click

sounds.

Alternation is commonly defined as a

delay in the onset of the vibration of the cords.

When the. moving body of air reaches the

larynx ta _,1r subject to ptronation.

(5 _marks)

TRTIE or FAI,SE.

(c) (d)

(:) (f) ts)

a

T,',l i.t

89

. ".lq

I

a

-4

Angka Giliran:

(j) Rhotacisation is the addit,ional feature describing an articulatory property of the so-called re-colouring of a vowel.

[HEr ^2O4J

(5 marks)

( 15 marks )

91

4. Choose any three [3] of the following sounds and with ^the aid of diagrams describe how these sounds are ^produced.

(a) I (b) I (c) /

(d) / (e) /

r/

b/

tt u: '/

r//

t

'../5

lHnr ²⁰⁴ l Angka Giliran:

.93

I

e

,$0

IHET ^2O4J Angka Giliran:

t

lHer ²⁰⁴¹

Angka Giliran:

?

I

98

t

5.

-8 IHET ^2A41

Angka Giliran:

State the phonological

rules

(using features)

to

show the changes

that

have taken place

in

the following staternents

and give concrete

examples

of the

words

which

^have

undergone the changes.

(a) All voiceless'plosives are aspirated when they are

followed by vowels at the beginning of a word.

(b) A lateral that is an / the end of a word and

except the vowel I a /"

I I

^becomes velarised when at

when preceded by

back

vowels

I

I

99

_.'./g

?

a

t

ioo

-9 _IHET 2O4J

Angka Giliran:

(c)

_Nasals

/

^m

/

^and

/ n

/becomedevoicedwhenfollowed

by a

voiceless alveolar

fricative in the initial

position

of'a

word.

(d) Voiceless plosives _except / retracted when followed by end of a word.

t / ^become unexploded or voiceless plosives at the

te) Nasal /

word and n / ^becomes syllabic when at the end of

when preceded by voJ-celess plosi-ves.

10*

t

(i)

rtl n1

AnEka

Giliran:

plosives become unreleased when preceded by a vowel,

IHET ^2O4J

at the ^end

A11 voiceless

of

a word ^and

I

(j) The palatal sound

followed by vowel / ^becomes labialised when

the beginning of a ^word.

u:/at

I {L5 ^marks)

.../SECTION B

"'/L2

10s

rl06

SECTION B

In some dialects di-fferent vowels as

-12

_IHET 204J

of Eng1ish, the following words have shown by the phonetic transcriptions.

6.

t

A

bite

rise wifetype tyke

bnyt

r

^ys

tnvpl

wAyfttryk

B

biderlse bribe

wi.ves ti.me

ninefile

bayd l

rayz l

I

^brayb

I

^wayvz

taym l nayn l

fayl

l

tayr

l

I

^rayo

c

bvt tie

diesigh mvt1ie f1v

tav

l

bav l

Isay]

dav l may _l

lav

l

flay l

I

l l

'lI

J

(a) _{How may} the classes of sounds which end the words in columns A and'B be characterised., that is, what

features specify all final segnnents in A and alr final segments in B?

(b) _{How do} the words in column c differ from those in

columns A and B?

(c) Afe [z\y ] and I ay ] in complementary d.istribution?

Give your reasons.

(d) If I Ay I ^and I ay ] are allophones of one phoneme,

should they be derived from _t Ay I or from t *y tZ whv?

(e) what would the phonetic representations of the

foflowing words be:

i. trial ii. bike iii. lice

iv. mine

(20 marks)

7. Write short notes on any fj-ve [5J of the following.

tire

t

writhe

(a) _Free Variation

(b ) Assimilation

.. ^r,., i _{: .}

- '10? .. " lr3

108

-

^1"3

t c

)

suprasegrmental

(d)

Secondary Articulation

(e)

Alternation

(f)

_{Prime features}

(g)

Complinentary Distribution

(h)

Homorganic

8. Transcribe the following passage using

transcription.

IHET ^2O4J

( 20 marks) narrow

a

Linguistics can

provide a vlgorous

description of

the language

to

be taught as

well

as the native language.

It is

here

that linguistics

can be more'directly

applied

to language

teaching.

The more comprehensive,

the

clearer the description, the more

insights it will

^provi.de as the

basis

for

the preparation

of

language teaching materials.

A

comparison

of

the two languages

that highlights

areas

of difficulty will

be

particularly helpful to

new ^and

i.nexperienced teachers .

(L5 _marks)

109,

I10'