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MARINE ALGAE COLLECTED DURING THE MARINE BIODIVERSITY MINI EXPEDITION 2012 TO SEMBILAN GROUP OF ISLANDS, PERAK WITH ONE NEW RECORD, Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S. Berger et al. FOR MALAYSIA
Hui-Yin Yeong*
1, Stefano G. A. Draisma
1and Siew-Moi Phang
1, 21 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
* E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In May 11 -15, 2012, the Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya organized a marine expedition to the Sembilan Group of Islands, Perak (Malaysia). The objective of the expedition was to document the marine biodiversity in the waters around the islands and the coastal zone as well as documenting physical parameters. Marine algae were among the targeted groups of taxa. A total of 51 algal specimens were collected. All specimens are deposited as herbarium in the University of Malaya Seaweed and Seagrass Herbarium. The algae comprised one family, one genus and three putative species of Cyanophyta; five families, six genera and 13 putative species of Chlorophyta; seven families, ten genera and 13 putative species of Rhodophyta and one family, one genus and one putative species of Phaeophyceae. Of these, the chlorophyte Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S. Berger et al. is a new record for Malaysia. In 2008, Phang et al. reported that a total of seven families and nine putative species of marine algae were collected during the Scientific Expeditions to the Seas of Malaysia (SESMA) I and II from the Sembilan Group of Islands (Pulau Lalang and Pulau Rumbia) Perak. Of these, an addition of six families and 11 putative species were collected during this present survey.
ABSTRAK Pada Mei 11-15, 2012, Institut Sains Samudera Dan Bumi, Universiti Malaya telah mengelolakan satu ekspedisi marin ke Kepulauan Sembilan, Perak, Malaysia. Objektif expedisi ini adalah untuk mendokumentasikan biodiversiti marin serta parameter fikizal di kawasan perairan persekitaran dan juga di zon persisiran pantai kepulauan ini. Alga marin merupakan salah satu kumpulan taksa sasaran tinjauan ini. Sejumlah 51 spesimen alga telah dikutipkan. Semua specimen ini telah disimpankan sebagai herbarium di dalam Herbarium Rumpair dan Rumput Laut Universiti Malaya. Alga tersebut merangkumi satu famili, satu genus dan tiga spesies putatif Cyanophyta; lima famili, enam genera dan 13 spesies putatif putative Chlorophyta; tujuh famili, sepuluh genera dan 13 spesies putatif Rhodophyta dan satu famili, satu genus dan satu spesies putatif Phaeophyceae. Di antara ini, chlorophyte Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms- Laubach) S. Berger et al. merupakan rekod baru bagi Malaysia. Pada tahun 2008, Phang et al. melaporkan bahawa sejumlah tujuh famili dan sembilan spesies putatif alga marin telah dikutipkan dari Kepulauan Sembilan (Pulau Lalang and Pulau Rumbia), Perak dalam Ekspedisi Saintifik ke Lautan Malaysia (SESMA) I dan II. Berbanding dengan ini, sebanyak enam famili dan 11 spesies putatif tambahan telah dikutipkan dalam ekspedisi tinjauan baru ini.
(Keywords: marine algae, checklist list, Sembilan Group of Islands)
INTRODUCTION
In May 11 -15, 2012, the Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya organized a marine expedition to the Sembilan Group of Islands, Perak, Malaysia. This is a cluster of islands located 16 km south of Pulau Pangkor, 27 km south of Lumut and about 18.5 km from the mouth of Perak River (Sungai Perak), Perak, Peninsular Malaysia (Figure 1).
In general, the Sembilan Group of Islands is underlain by granites, particular made up of porphyritic to coarse grained biotite granite [1, 2]. These islands have limited coastal plains. The majority of the island shorelines are either bare granite outcrops or accumulation of granite boulders. All the islands have steep slopes and only limited beaches found on the islands; long sandy beaches are only found at isolated coves on Pulau Rumbia and on the eastern side of
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Pulau Lalang [2]. There are few shallow water areas and the majority of the seafloor of the shallow areas is dominated by sandy or rocky substrate. Sport fishing is the major activity in
this area and recently SCUBA diving tourism too. The larger islands Pulau Rumbia and Pulau Lalang serve as a safe anchorage for fishing boats.
Figure 1. Map of the Sembilan Group of islands with subtidal (dive) and coastal sites
1- 19: Visited sites number; : Coastal sites; : Subtidal (dive) sites
For this survey, our research group aimed to document the marine algae in the coastal waters of the islands. Marine marco-algae or seaweeds in common play an important role in the coastal and marine ecosystem. They serve as one of the
primary producers in the marine ecosystem, providing breeding grounds for marine organism as well as contributing in carbon sequestration [3, 4].
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During two expeditions to the Pulau Jarak, Sembilan Group of Island (Pulau Rumbia and Pulau Salang) and Pulau Perak in the Straits of Malacca in June 2004 and November 2007, a total of 66 seaweed putative species were recorded and a preliminary checklist of marine algae from the above mentioned expedition was reported [3]. This checklist reported a total of 22 algal families: one family with two genera and six putative species of Cyanophyta, seven families with three genera and three putative species of Chlorophyta, 12 families with 20 genera and 39 putative species of Rhodophyta and two families with three genera and three putative species of Phaeophyceae. Lyngbya
confervoides f. violacea C. Agardh was reported for the first time for Malaysia [3].
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The marine algal samples were collected by wading, snorkelling, and SCUBA diving, and also from intertidal tree roots and rocks. A total of eighteen sites and eight islands were visited during the three sampling days (12
–
14 May 2012). The sampled locations were Pulau Rumbia, Pulau Lalang, Pulau Payong, Pulau Nipis, Pulau Agas, Pulau Saga, Pulau Buloh and White Rock (Table 1) (Figures 1-6).Figure 2. Sandy beach at Pulau Lalang Selantan, Perak
Figure 3. Rocky shore at Pulau Lalang Selantan, Perak
Figure 4. Pulau Lalang Utara, Perak
Figure 5. Pulau Rumbia, Perak Figure 6. Pulau Payong, Perak
Underwater visibility varied from less than 1 m at Tukun Jepun to more than 8 m at White Rock.
Sampled habitats varied from sandy and rocky shores, tidal pools, coral reef, coral rubble and tree roots. All collected samples were cleaned and processed into pre-herbarium specimens at the end of each sampling day. Subtidal samples were preserved in 5% formalin in seawater.
Later, all the collected specimens were processed in to herbarium back in the Algae Research Laboratory, University of Malaya. The specimens were indentified based on morphological and anatomical characteristics by
referring to the published taxonomic papers and keys. All specimens are deposited as herbarium in the University of Malaya Seaweed and Seagrass Herbarium. A checklist was prepared from the identified specimens of this survey as well as from the published records [3].
Sørensen’s similarity coefficient (QS) [5] was used to determine the seaweed diversity similarity.
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Table 1: List of intertidal (1-12) collection sites and dive (13-19) sites during the Marine Biodiversity Mini Expedition 2012 to the Sembilan Group of Islands, Perak, Malaysia
Site Date Location Coordinate Remark
Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
1 12 May 2012 Pulau Rumbia 04o 01’ 43.5” 100o 32’37.0” Sandy and rocky; water depth: 2-3 m 2 12 May 2012 Pulau Rumbia 04o 01’ 56.7” 100o 32’56.7” Sandy and rocky; water depth: 1.7 -3.7 m 3 12 May 2012 Pulau Rumbia 04o 01’ 51.7” 100o 33’11.2” Sandy, soft coral; water depth: 1.7 m
4 12 May 2012 Pulau Nipis 04o 03’ 31.5” 100o 32’31.1”
5 12 May 2012 Pulau Payong 04o 03’ 37.6” 100o 34’35.9”
6 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04o 00’ 24.1” 100o 32’48.7” Sandy beach;
7 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04o 00’ 29.2” 100o 32’44.4” Sandy
8 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04o 00’ 10.7” 100o 32’51.4” Sandy and rocky; water depth: 5 m 9 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04o 00’ 19.7” 100o 32’37.6” Sandy and rocky; water depth: 2-3m 10 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang Utara 04o 00’ 33.3” 100o 32’40.5” Sandy and rocky; water depth: 1.5 m
11 12 May 2012 Pulau Agas 04°04’28.0” 100°35’01.4” Maximum dive depth: 14.6 m
12 12 May 2012 Pulau Nipis 04° 03’23.9” 100° 32’ 34.6 Maximum dive depth: 17.4 m
13 12 May 2012 Tukun Jepun 04°03’41.4” 100°34’39.5” Maximum dive depth: 11.2 m
14 13 May 2012 Pulau Lalang 04°00'35.3" 100°32'30.2" Maximum dive depth: 14.0 m
15 13 May 2012 Pulau Saga 04°00’25.4” 100°32’05.6” Maximum dive depth: 14.9 m
16 13 May 2012 Pulau Rumbia 04°01’26.0” 100°32’59.6” Maximum dive depth: 13.4 m
17 14 May 2012 Pulau Saga 04°00’25.4” 100°32’05.6” Maximum dive depth: 13.6 m
18 14 May 2012 Pulau Buloh 03°59’42.6” 100°32’03.0” Maximum dive depth: 15.0 m
19 14 May 2012 White Rock 04°00’22.1” 100°30’29.0” Maximum dive depth: 19.9 m
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A preliminary marine algae checklist (Table 2) with a total of 30 spesies putatif was compiled from the survey as well as from the previous records reported by Phang et al. [3] for the Scientific Expeditions to the Seas of Malaysia (SESMA) I and II from the Sembilan Group of Islands. The marine algae comprise one family, one genus and three putative species of Cyanophyta; five families, six genera and 13 putative species of Chlorophyta; seven families, ten genera and 13 putative species of
Rhodophyta and one family and one putative species of Phaeophyceae. Of these, a total of 17 putative species were collected during this survey and it comprised one family, one genus and one putative species of Cyanophyta, four families, five genera and eight putative species of Chlorophyta, five families, six genera and seven putative species of Rhodophyta and one family, genus and one putative species of Phaeophyceae. In situ pictures of some taxa and pictures of selected herbarium-dried specimens are shown in Figures 8-29.
Figure 7. Grazing activity by fish, Pulau Lalang, Perak
Figure 8. Lyngbya C. Agardh Figure 9. Lyngbya C. Agardh
Figure 10. Ulva Linnaeus Figure 11. Chaetomorpha Kützing Figure 12. Cladophora Kützing
Figure 13. Cladophora Kützing (Herbarium; PSM12714)
Figure 14. Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux
Figure 15. Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux (Herbarium;
PSM12701) 50µm
1000 µm 5 mm
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Figure 16. Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S.Berger et al.
Figure 17. Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S.Berger et al.
(Herbarium; PSM12719)
Figure 18. Gelidiopsis F. Schmitz
Figure 19. Gelidiopsis F. Schmitz (Herbarium; PSM12721)
Figure 20. Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agard
Figure 21. Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agard (Herbarium; PSM12694)
Figure 22. Bostrychia Montagne in Ramon de la Sagra (tetrasporophyte) (Herbarium; PSM12696)
Figure 23. Gelidium Lamouroux (Herbarium PSM12692)
Figure 24. Pterocladiella B.Santelices
& Hommersand (Herbarium; PSM12704)
Figure 25. Peyssonnelia Decaisne Figure 26. Jania Lamouroux Figure 27. Jania Lamouroux
(Herbarium; PSM12715) 1000 µm
5 mm 1000 µm
500 µm 500 µm 1000 µm
2000µ
m
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Figure 28. Padina Adanson Figure 29. Padina Adanson (Herbarium; PSM12717)
Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S.
Berger et al., Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus, Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux, Pterocladiella sp.
B. Santelices & Hommersand, Gelidiopsis sp. F.
Schmitz, Peyssonnelia sp. Decaisne, Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh and Padina sp.
Adanson are new records for the Sembilan Group of Islands and the former species (P.
parvulus) is a new record for Malaysia. One Cyanophyta specimen and one Rhodophyta specimen from the recent expedition and six Rhodophyta specimens from the previous survey by Phang et al. [3] remained unidentified.
Insufficient diagnostic characters (e.g.
reproductive structures) make the identifications difficult.
A relatively low seaweed species diversity (30 taxa out of 377 taxa recorded for Malaysia [6]) was found in the Sembilan Group of Islands.
Tubular Ulva and filamentous chlorophytes such as Chaetomorpha and Cladophora dominated the upper intertidal zone and rhodophytes were found to be more dominant in the lower intertidal zone. Seaweed biomass was low in this area except for Lyngbya species, which was found growing abundantly on rock, coral rubble or the seafloor at the intertidal zone surrounding Pulau Lalang. At dive sites only Bryopsis sp. was collected. Cyanophytes and red algal crusts were observed but not collected at dive sites. The majority of the marine algae collections of this survey belonged mainly to the filamentous type of seaweed and some coralline species (Peysonnelia and Jania). It was not clear why the subtidal algal diversity was so low, but grazing activity by herbivores might be the cause (Figure 7).
Of the 18 genera, 11 genera were common members of the seaweed flora of the East coast
of Peninsular Malaysia and 13 genera were common to seaweed flora of west coast of Peninsular Malaysia [6]. Based on Sørensen’s similarity coefficient (QS) [5], at the genus level, the seaweeds of the Sembilan Group of Island showed low similarity to the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia (QS = 0.2826) and East coast of Peninsular Malaysia (QS = 0.2529). A comparison of the Sembilan Group of Island seaweeds with the seaweed checklist for Langkawi island [7] which is located about 273 km North of the Sembilan Group of Island shows low similarity both at genus level (QS = 0.2778) and species level (QS = 0.0351). Based on the Pulau Perak and Pulau Jarak seaweed checklist [3], the Sembilan Group of Island seaweeds show a moderate similarity to the seaweed flora of Pulau Jarak (which is situated 5 km to the West) (QS = 0.4242) and low similarity to Pulau Perak (about 256 km Northeast of the Sembilan Group of Island) (QS = 0.2927) at genus level. In summary, low species diversity as well as abundance of seaweeds was observed during the most recent survey. The limited number of sampling trips to this group of islands and only in the period May to November makes it difficult to appreciate the low abundance of marine algae in this area. Other studies such as water quality, interaction with ocean physical and chemicals factors should be included in consideration to determine the low number of marine algae species in this area. However, this survey was able to provide us some baseline data on the biodiversity of marine algae at the Sembilan Group of Island.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgements are due to: Department of Marine Parks Malaysia, the Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences Marine Biodiversity Mini
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Expedition Research Team; financial assistance from Department of Marine Parks Malaysia (Grant No: 53-02-03-1097); the University of Malaya Research Grants (UMRG Grant No:
RG100-10SUS). Thanks also to Jelveh Sohrabipour for assistance in confirming the identification of the Gelidiales specimens.
REFERENCES
1. Hussin A., Abdul Ghani A., Ismail K., Fauzi R. Dorall R. and Gokilan S. (2008). The geology and geomorphology of Pulau Perak, Pulau Sembilan and Pulau Perak. Malaysian J. Sci 27 (3): 1- 6.
2. Abdul Ghani A. (2008). Field and petrographic studies of granite from Pulau Jarak and Pulau Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian J. Sci 27 (3): 7- 11.
3. Phang S. M., Lim P. E., Ooi L. S. J., Yeong H. Y., Ng W. S. and Küpper F. C. 2008.
Marine algae of Perak Island, Jarak Island and the Sembilan Group of Islands in the Straits of Malacca. Malaysian J. Sci 27 (3):
47-60
4. Chung I. K., Beardall J., Mehta S, Sahoo D.
and Stojkovic S. (2011) Using marine macroalgae for carbon sequestration:a critical appraisal. J Appl Phycol 23:877 – 886
5. Wolda H. (1981). Similarity Indices, Sample Size and Diversity. OecoIogia 50:296-302 6. Phang S. M., Wong C. L., Lim P. E., Ooi J.
L. S., Gan S. Y., Ismail M., Yeong H. Y.
and Mustafa E. M. (2007) Seaweed Diversity in Malaysia. In: Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia.
Chua L.S.L., Kirton L.G. and Saw L.G.
(eds) Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp.
185-210.
7. Phang S. M., Wong C. L., Lim P. E., Yeong H. Y. and Chan C. X. (2005) Seaweed Diversity of Langkawi with emphasis on Northeast Langkawi. Malaysian J. Sci. 24:
77-94.
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Table 2: Checklist of marine algal collections from the Sembilan Group of Islands, Perak Malaysia.
TAXA Herbarium
Voucher No. Date Location Coordinate
Habitat Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
Division Cyanophyta Order Oscillatoriales Family Oscillatoriaceae
Lyngbya ?aestuarii (Mert.) Liebm PSM 9413 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky PSM 9414 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Lyngbya sp1 C. Agardh PSM 9329 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E
Lyngbya sp2 C. Agardh PSM 12680 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12705 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'24.1''N 100°32'48.7''E sandy PSM 12706 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'24.1''N 100°32'48.7''E sandy PSM 12707 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'24.1''N 100°32'48.7''E sandy PSM 12709 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy PSM 12710 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy PSM 12723 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky PSM 12724 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky PSM 12728 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Utara 04°00'33.3''N 100°32'40.5''E sandy & rocky Incertae sedis
Unknown cyanophyte PSM 12720 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky Division Chlorophyta
Order Ulvales Family Ulvaceae
Ulva Linnaeus PSM 9334 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia
PSM 12690 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12700 12-May-12 Pulau Payong 04°03'37.6''N 100°34'35.9''E
PSM 12711 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy PSM 12712 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy
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Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus PSM 12681 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12718 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky PSM 12727 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Utara 04°00'33.3''N 100°32'40.5''E sandy & rocky
Order Cladophorales Family Cladophoraceae
Chaetomorpha sp1 Kutzing PSM 9325 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E PSM 9326 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E PSM 9330 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E
Chaetomorpha sp2 Kutzing PSM 9332 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia
Chaetomorpha sp3 Kutzing PSM 12682 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12683 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky Chaetomorpha sp4 Kutzing PSM 12684 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12685 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12686 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12687 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12697 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'51.7''N 100°33'11.2''E sandy PSM 12698 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'51.7''N 100°33'11.2''E sandy PSM 12725 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky Cladophora ?rhizoclonioidea van den
Hoek & Womersley
PSM 9415 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Cladophora sp 1 Kützing PSM 9335-2 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia
Cladophora sp 2 Kützing PSM 12688 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12689 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12691 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12713 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy PSM 12714 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy
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Order Siphonocladales Family Valoniaceae
Valoniopsis cf. pachynema (G. Martens) Børgesen
PSM 9331 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia Growing on tree
trunk PSM 9333 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia
Order Bryopsidales Family Bryopsidaceae
Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux PSM 12701 12-May-12 Pulau Payong 04°03'37.5''N 100°34'35.9''E PSM 12702 12-May-12 Pulau Payong 04°03'37.5''N 100°34'35.9''E PSM 12703 12-May-12 Pulau Payong 04°03'37.5''N 100°34'35.9''E
Bryopsis J.V.Lamouroux PSM 12729 12-May-12 Pulau Agas 04°04’28.0”N 100°35’01.4”E 7 m depth
PSM 12730 12-May-12 Tukun Jepun 04°03’41.4”N 100°34’39.5”E 5 m depth PSM 12731 14-May-12 Pulau Saga 04°00’25.4”N 100°32’05.6”E 13 m depth Order Dasycladales
Family Polyphysaceae
Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S.
Berger, U. Fettweiss, S. Gleissberg, L.B.
Liddle, U. Richter, H. Sawitzky & G.C.
Zuccarello
PSM 12719 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky
Division Rhodophyta Order Gelidiales
Gelidiales PSM 9335-1 07-Jun-04 Pulau Rumbia
Family Gelidiaceae
Gelidium sp1 Lamouroux, nom. cons PSM 9416 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Gelidium sp2 Lamouroux, nom. cons PSM 12692 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12693 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky
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Family Pterocladiaceae Pterocladiella B.Santelices &
Hommersand
PSM 12704 12-May-12 Pulau Payong 04°03'37.5''N 100°34'35.9''E
PSM 12725 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky
Order Peyssonneliales Family Peyssonneliaceae
Peyssonelia Decaisne PSM 12716 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy Order Corallinales
Family Corallinaceae
Jania sp1 Lamouroux PSM 9420 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Jania sp2 Lamouroux PSM 12715 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy Order Rhodymeniales
Family Champiaceae
Champia Desvaux PSM 9421 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Family Lomentariaceae
Gelidiopsis F. Schmitz PSM 12721 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky PSM 12722 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky Order Ceramiaceae
Family Ceramiaceae
Ceramium Roth PSM 9417 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38''E sandy & rocky Order Ceramiales
Family Rhodomelaceae
Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh PSM 12694 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12695 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky PSM 12699 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'51.7''N 100°33'11.2''E sandy
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Bostrychia Montagne in Ramon de la Sagra
PSM 12696 12-May-12 Pulau Rumbia 04°01'43.5''N 100°32'37.0''E sandy & rocky Chondria C. Agardh PSM 9418 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38.0''E sandy & rocky Polysiphonia Greville PSM 9423 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38.0''E sandy & rocky
unknown red PSM 9322 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E sandy & rocky
unknown red PSM 9323 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E on boulders,
strong waves
unknown red PSM 9324 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E
unknown red PSM 9327 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E on boulders,
higher shore
unknown red PSM 9328 07-Jun-04 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'23''N 100°32'49''E on boulders,
higher shore unknown red PSM 9424 26-Nov-07 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'39''N 100°54'38.0''E sandy & rocky unknown red PSM 12720 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'19.7''N 100°32'37.6''E sandy & rocky
Division Heterokonta Class Phaeophyceae Order Dictyotales Family Dictyotaceae
Padina Adanson PSM 12717 13-May-12 Pulau Lalang Selatan 04°00'29.2''N 100°32'44.4''E sandy
